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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-91

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भीष्म उवाच ।
यानङ्गिराः क्षत्रधर्मानुतथ्यो ब्रह्मवित्तमः ।
मान्धात्रे यौवनाश्वाय प्रीतिमानभ्यभाषत ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yānaṅgirāḥ kṣatradharmānutathyo brahmavittamaḥ ,
māndhātre yauvanāśvāya prītimānabhyabhāṣata.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yān aṅgirāḥ kṣatradharmān utathyaḥ
brahmavittamaḥ māndhātre yauvanāśvāya prītimān abhyabhāṣata
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca aṅgirāḥ brahmavittamaḥ utathyaḥ yauvanāśvāya
māndhātre prītimān yān kṣatradharmān abhyabhāṣata
1. Bhishma said: "I shall relate to you those duties of a warrior (kṣatradharma) which Utathya, the most excellent knower of Brahman, son of Angiras, affectionately expounded to Mandhatr, the son of Yuvanashva."
स यथानुशशासैनमुतथ्यो ब्रह्मवित्तमः ।
तत्ते सर्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. sa yathānuśaśāsainamutathyo brahmavittamaḥ ,
tatte sarvaṁ pravakṣyāmi nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira.
2. saḥ yathā anuśaśāsa enam utathyaḥ brahmavittamaḥ
tat te sarvam pravakṣyāmi nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira
2. yudhiṣṭhira brahmavittamaḥ utathyaḥ yathā enam
anuśaśāsa tat sarvam te nikhilena pravakṣyāmi
2. O Yudhiṣṭhira, I will completely narrate to you all that, just as Utathya, the most excellent knower of Brahman, instructed him (Mandhatr).
उतथ्य उवाच ।
धर्माय राजा भवति न कामकरणाय तु ।
मान्धातरेवं जानीहि राजा लोकस्य रक्षिता ॥३॥
3. utathya uvāca ,
dharmāya rājā bhavati na kāmakaraṇāya tu ,
māndhātarevaṁ jānīhi rājā lokasya rakṣitā.
3. utathyaḥ uvāca dharmāya rājā bhavati na kāmakaraṇāya
tu māndhātar evam jānīhi rājā lokasya rakṣitā
3. utathyaḥ uvāca māndhātar rājā dharmāya bhavati tu
na kāmakaraṇāya evam jānīhi rājā lokasya rakṣitā
3. Utathya said: "A king exists for the sake of (dharma), not merely for the fulfillment of his desires. O Mandhatr, know this: a king is the protector of the people."
राजा चरति वै धर्मं देवत्वायैव गच्छति ।
न चेद्धर्मं स चरति नरकायैव गच्छति ॥४॥
4. rājā carati vai dharmaṁ devatvāyaiva gacchati ,
na ceddharmaṁ sa carati narakāyaiva gacchati.
4. rājā carati vai dharmam devatvāya eva gacchati
na cet dharmam saḥ carati narakāya eva gacchati
4. rājā vai dharmam carati devatvāya eva gacchati
cet saḥ dharmam na carati narakāya eva gacchati
4. A king who indeed upholds his constitutional duty (dharma) certainly attains divinity. If he does not uphold his constitutional duty (dharma), he undoubtedly goes to hell.
धर्मे तिष्ठन्ति भूतानि धर्मो राजनि तिष्ठति ।
तं राजा साधु यः शास्ति स राजा पृथिवीपतिः ॥५॥
5. dharme tiṣṭhanti bhūtāni dharmo rājani tiṣṭhati ,
taṁ rājā sādhu yaḥ śāsti sa rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ.
5. dharme tiṣṭhanti bhūtāni dharmaḥ rājani tiṣṭhati
tam rājā sādhu yaḥ śāsti saḥ rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ
5. bhūtāni dharme tiṣṭhanti dharmaḥ rājani tiṣṭhati
yaḥ rājā tam sādhu śāsti saḥ rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ
5. All beings exist according to natural law (dharma), and that natural law (dharma) resides in the king. The king who rules them well is truly the lord of the earth.
राजा परमधर्मात्मा लक्ष्मीवान्पाप उच्यते ।
देवाश्च गर्हां गच्छन्ति धर्मो नास्तीति चोच्यते ॥६॥
6. rājā paramadharmātmā lakṣmīvānpāpa ucyate ,
devāśca garhāṁ gacchanti dharmo nāstīti cocyate.
6. rājā parama-dharmātmā lakṣmīvān pāpaḥ ucyate devāḥ
ca garhām gacchanti dharmaḥ na asti iti ca ucyate
6. rājā parama-dharmātmā lakṣmīvān pāpaḥ ucyate ca
devāḥ garhām gacchanti ca iti dharmaḥ na asti ucyate
6. A king, though possessing supreme adherence to natural law (dharma) and prosperity, is (still) called sinful. Consequently, the gods also incur blame, and it is proclaimed that natural law (dharma) no longer exists.
अधर्मे वर्तमानानामर्थसिद्धिः प्रदृश्यते ।
तदेव मङ्गलं सर्वं लोकः समनुवर्तते ॥७॥
7. adharme vartamānānāmarthasiddhiḥ pradṛśyate ,
tadeva maṅgalaṁ sarvaṁ lokaḥ samanuvartate.
7. adharme vartamānānām artha-siddhiḥ pradṛśyate
tat eva maṅgalam sarvam lokaḥ samanuvartate
7. adharme vartamānānām artha-siddhiḥ pradṛśyate
lokaḥ tat eva sarvam maṅgalam samanuvartate
7. For those living in unrighteousness (adharma), success in their aims is observed. The entire world then simply follows that very success as auspiciousness.
उच्छिद्यते धर्मवृत्तमधर्मो वर्तते महान् ।
भयमाहुर्दिवारात्रं यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥८॥
8. ucchidyate dharmavṛttamadharmo vartate mahān ,
bhayamāhurdivārātraṁ yadā pāpo na vāryate.
8. ucchiṣyate dharmavṛttam adharmaḥ vartate mahān
bhayam āhuḥ divārātram yadā pāpaḥ na vāryate
8. yadā pāpaḥ na vāryate dharmavṛttam ucchiṣyate
mahān adharmaḥ vartate divārātram bhayam āhuḥ
8. When evil is not restrained, righteous conduct (dharmavṛtta) is destroyed, great unrighteousness (adharma) prevails, and fear is said to exist day and night.
न वेदाननुवर्तन्ति व्रतवन्तो द्विजातयः ।
न यज्ञांस्तन्वते विप्रा यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥९॥
9. na vedānanuvartanti vratavanto dvijātayaḥ ,
na yajñāṁstanvate viprā yadā pāpo na vāryate.
9. na vedān anuvartanti vratavantaḥ dvijātayaḥ na
yajñān tanvate viprāḥ yadā pāpaḥ na vāryate
9. yadā pāpaḥ na vāryate vratavantaḥ dvijātayaḥ
vedān na anuvartanti viprāḥ yajñān na tanvate
9. When evil is not restrained, the vow-observing twice-born (dvija) do not follow the Vedas (Veda), nor do the wise Brahmins perform Vedic rituals (yajña).
वध्यानामिव सर्वेषां मनो भवति विह्वलम् ।
मनुष्याणां महाराज यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥१०॥
10. vadhyānāmiva sarveṣāṁ mano bhavati vihvalam ,
manuṣyāṇāṁ mahārāja yadā pāpo na vāryate.
10. vadhyānām iva sarveṣām manaḥ bhavati vihvalam
manuṣyāṇām mahārāja yadā pāpaḥ na vāryate
10. mahārāja yadā pāpaḥ na vāryate sarveṣām
manuṣyāṇām manaḥ vadhyānām iva vihvalam bhavati
10. O great king, when evil is not restrained, the minds of all humans become agitated and overwhelmed, just like those who are condemned to death.
उभौ लोकावभिप्रेक्ष्य राजानमृषयः स्वयम् ।
असृजन्सुमहद्भूतमयं धर्मो भविष्यति ॥११॥
11. ubhau lokāvabhiprekṣya rājānamṛṣayaḥ svayam ,
asṛjansumahadbhūtamayaṁ dharmo bhaviṣyati.
11. ubhau lokau abhiprekṣya rājānam ṛṣayaḥ svayam
asṛjan sumahat bhūtam ayam dharmaḥ bhaviṣyati
11. ṛṣayaḥ svayam ubhau lokau abhiprekṣya sumahat
bhūtam rājānam asṛjan ayam dharmaḥ bhaviṣyati
11. Considering both worlds (loka), the sages (ṛṣi) themselves created the king, who was a very mighty entity, [thinking that] 'this (king) will be the natural law (dharma).'
यस्मिन्धर्मो विराजेत तं राजानं प्रचक्षते ।
यस्मिन्विलीयते धर्मस्तं देवा वृषलं विदुः ॥१२॥
12. yasmindharmo virājeta taṁ rājānaṁ pracakṣate ,
yasminvilīyate dharmastaṁ devā vṛṣalaṁ viduḥ.
12. yasmin dharmaḥ virājeta tam rājānam pracakṣate
yasmin vilīyate dharmaḥ tam devāḥ vṛṣalam viduḥ
12. yasmin dharmaḥ virājeta,
tam rājānam pracakṣate.
yasmin dharmaḥ vilīyate,
tam devāḥ vṛṣalam viduḥ.
12. They declare that person a king in whom natural law (dharma) shines supreme. And the gods consider that person an outcaste (vṛṣala) in whom natural law (dharma) dissolves.
वृषो हि भगवान्धर्मो यस्तस्य कुरुते ह्यलम् ।
वृषलं तं विदुर्देवास्तस्माद्धर्मं न लोपयेत् ॥१३॥
13. vṛṣo hi bhagavāndharmo yastasya kurute hyalam ,
vṛṣalaṁ taṁ vidurdevāstasmāddharmaṁ na lopayet.
13. vṛṣaḥ hi bhagavān dharmaḥ yaḥ tasya kurute hi alam
vṛṣalam tam viduḥ devāḥ tasmāt dharmam na lopayet
13. hi bhagavān dharmaḥ vṛṣaḥ.
yaḥ tasya alam hi kurute,
tam devāḥ vṛṣalam viduḥ.
tasmāt dharmam na lopayet.
13. Indeed, the divine natural law (dharma) is called Vṛṣa (the bestower). Whoever harms or obstructs it, him the gods consider an outcaste (vṛṣala). Therefore, one should not transgress natural law (dharma).
धर्मे वर्धति वर्धन्ति सर्वभूतानि सर्वदा ।
तस्मिन्ह्रसति हीयन्ते तस्माद्धर्मं प्रवर्धयेत् ॥१४॥
14. dharme vardhati vardhanti sarvabhūtāni sarvadā ,
tasminhrasati hīyante tasmāddharmaṁ pravardhayet.
14. dharme vardhati vardhanti sarvabhūtāni sarvadā
tasmin hrasati hīyante tasmāt dharmam pravardhayet
14. dharme vardhati,
sarvabhūtāni sarvadā vardhanti.
tasmin hrasati,
(tāni) hīyante.
tasmāt dharmam pravardhayet.
14. When natural law (dharma) flourishes, all beings always thrive. When it diminishes, they decline. Therefore, one should promote natural law (dharma).
धनात्स्रवति धर्मो हि धारणाद्वेति निश्चयः ।
अकार्याणां मनुष्येन्द्र स सीमान्तकरः स्मृतः ॥१५॥
15. dhanātsravati dharmo hi dhāraṇādveti niścayaḥ ,
akāryāṇāṁ manuṣyendra sa sīmāntakaraḥ smṛtaḥ.
15. dhanāt sravati dharmaḥ hi dhāraṇāt vā iti niścayaḥ
akāryāṇām manuṣyendra saḥ sīmāntakaraḥ smṛtaḥ
15. manuṣyendra,
hi dharmaḥ dhanāt vā dhāraṇāt sravati iti niścayaḥ.
saḥ akāryāṇām sīmāntakaraḥ smṛtaḥ.
15. Indeed, natural law (dharma) stems either from wealth or from its preservation; this is a certainty. O king among men, natural law (dharma) is considered the one that brings an end to wrongful actions.
प्रभवार्थं हि भूतानां धर्मः सृष्टः स्वयंभुवा ।
तस्मात्प्रवर्धयेद्धर्मं प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् ॥१६॥
16. prabhavārthaṁ hi bhūtānāṁ dharmaḥ sṛṣṭaḥ svayaṁbhuvā ,
tasmātpravardhayeddharmaṁ prajānugrahakāraṇāt.
16. prabhavārtham hi bhūtānām dharmaḥ sṛṣṭaḥ svayambhuvā
tasmāt pravardhayet dharmam prajānugrahakāraṇāt
16. svayambhuvā hi bhūtānām prabhavārtham dharmaḥ sṛṣṭaḥ
tasmāt prajānugrahakāraṇāt dharmam pravardhayet
16. Indeed, the natural law (dharma) was created by the Self-existent for the prosperity of all beings. Therefore, one should promote this natural law (dharma) for the sake of benefiting the people.
तस्माद्धि राजशार्दूल धर्मः श्रेष्ठ इति स्मृतः ।
स राजा यः प्रजाः शास्ति साधुकृत्पुरुषर्षभः ॥१७॥
17. tasmāddhi rājaśārdūla dharmaḥ śreṣṭha iti smṛtaḥ ,
sa rājā yaḥ prajāḥ śāsti sādhukṛtpuruṣarṣabhaḥ.
17. tasmāt hi rājaśārdūla dharmaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ iti smṛtaḥ
saḥ rājā yaḥ prajāḥ śāsti sādhukṛt puruṣarṣabhaḥ
17. rājaśārdūla tasmāt hi dharmaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ iti smṛtaḥ
puruṣarṣabhaḥ yaḥ sādhukṛt prajāḥ śāsti saḥ rājā
17. Therefore, O tiger among kings, the natural law (dharma) is considered supreme. He is truly a king, O bull among men, who governs his subjects righteously.
कामक्रोधावनादृत्य धर्ममेवानुपालयेत् ।
धर्मः श्रेयस्करतमो राज्ञां भरतसत्तम ॥१८॥
18. kāmakrodhāvanādṛtya dharmamevānupālayet ,
dharmaḥ śreyaskaratamo rājñāṁ bharatasattama.
18. kāmakrodhau anādṛtya dharmam eva anupālayet
dharmaḥ śreyaskaratamaḥ rājñām bharatasattama
18. kāmakrodhau anādṛtya dharmam eva anupālayet
bharatasattama rājñām dharmaḥ śreyaskaratamaḥ
18. Disregarding desire and anger, one should steadfastly uphold the natural law (dharma). For kings, O best of Bharatas, the natural law (dharma) is the most conducive to welfare.
धर्मस्य ब्राह्मणा योनिस्तस्मात्तान्पूजयेत्सदा ।
ब्राह्मणानां च मान्धातः कामान्कुर्यादमत्सरी ॥१९॥
19. dharmasya brāhmaṇā yonistasmāttānpūjayetsadā ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ ca māndhātaḥ kāmānkuryādamatsarī.
19. dharmasya brāhmaṇāḥ yoniḥ tasmāt tān pūjayet sadā
brāhmaṇānām ca māndhātaḥ kāmān kuryāt amatsarī
19. dharmasya brāhmaṇāḥ yoniḥ tasmāt tān sadā pūjayet
ca māndhātaḥ amatsarī brāhmaṇānām kāmān kuryāt
19. Brahmins are the very source of natural law (dharma); therefore, one should always honor them. And, O Mandhata, one should fulfill the desires of the Brahmins without any envy.
तेषां ह्यकामकरणाद्राज्ञः संजायते भयम् ।
मित्राणि च न वर्धन्ते तथामित्रीभवन्त्यपि ॥२०॥
20. teṣāṁ hyakāmakaraṇādrājñaḥ saṁjāyate bhayam ,
mitrāṇi ca na vardhante tathāmitrībhavantyapi.
20. teṣām hi akāmakaraṇāt rājñaḥ saṃjāyate bhayam
mitrāṇi ca na vardhante tathā amitrībhavanti api
20. hi teṣām akāmakaraṇāt rājñaḥ bhayam saṃjāyate ca
mitrāṇi na vardhante tathā api amitrībhavanti
20. Indeed, when they fail to perform their duties, fear arises for the king. Moreover, friends do not prosper, and they even turn into enemies.
ब्राह्मणान्वै तदासूयाद्यदा वैरोचनो बलिः ।
अथास्माच्छ्रीरपाक्रामद्यास्मिन्नासीत्प्रतापिनी ॥२१॥
21. brāhmaṇānvai tadāsūyādyadā vairocano baliḥ ,
athāsmācchrīrapākrāmadyāsminnāsītpratāpinī.
21. brāhmaṇān vai tadā asūyāt yadā vairocanaḥ baliḥ
atha asmāt śrīḥ apākrāmat yā asmin āsīt pratāpinī
21. vai yadā vairocanaḥ baliḥ brāhmaṇān asūyāt atha
asmāt yā pratāpinī śrīḥ asmin āsīt apākrāmat
21. Indeed, when Bali, son of Virocana, harbored envy towards the Brahmins, the glorious prosperity that was within him then departed from him.
ततस्तस्मादपक्रम्य सागच्छत्पाकशासनम् ।
अथ सोऽन्वतपत्पश्चाच्छ्रियं दृष्ट्वा पुरंदरे ॥२२॥
22. tatastasmādapakramya sāgacchatpākaśāsanam ,
atha so'nvatapatpaścācchriyaṁ dṛṣṭvā puraṁdare.
22. tataḥ tasmāt apakramya sā agacchat pākaśāsanam
atha saḥ anvatapat paścāt śriyam dṛṣṭvā purandare
22. tataḥ sā tasmāt apakramya pākaśāsanam agacchat
atha saḥ paścāt purandare śriyam dṛṣṭvā anvatapat
22. Then, having departed from Bali, she went to Indra (Pakaśāsana). After that, Bali regretted, having seen prosperity with Indra (Purandara).
एतत्फलमसूयाया अभिमानस्य चाभिभो ।
तस्माद्बुध्यस्व मान्धातर्मा त्वा जह्यात्प्रतापिनी ॥२३॥
23. etatphalamasūyāyā abhimānasya cābhibho ,
tasmādbudhyasva māndhātarmā tvā jahyātpratāpinī.
23. etat phalam asūyāyāḥ abhimānasya ca abhibho tasmāt
budhyasva māndhātar mā tvā jahyāt pratāpinī
23. abhibho etat asūyāyāḥ ca abhimānasya phalam tasmāt
māndhātar budhyasva mā pratāpinī tvā jahyāt
23. O venerable lord, this is the fruit of envy and pride. Therefore, O Mandhata, understand this: let glorious prosperity not abandon you.
दर्पो नाम श्रियः पुत्रो जज्ञेऽधर्मादिति श्रुतिः ।
तेन देवासुरा राजन्नीताः सुबहुशो वशम् ॥२४॥
24. darpo nāma śriyaḥ putro jajñe'dharmāditi śrutiḥ ,
tena devāsurā rājannītāḥ subahuśo vaśam.
24. darpaḥ nāma śriyaḥ putraḥ jajñe adharmāt iti śrutiḥ
| tena devāsurāḥ rājan nītāḥ subahuśaḥ vaśam
24. rājan,
śrutiḥ iti (vadati yat) darpaḥ nāma śriyaḥ putraḥ adharmāt jajñe.
tena devāsurāḥ subahuśaḥ vaśam nītāḥ.
24. Tradition (śruti) states that Arrogance (darpa), known as the son of Fortune (Śrī), was born from unrighteousness (adharma). O king, by him, gods and demons were brought under his sway many, many times.
राजर्षयश्च बहवस्तस्माद्बुध्यस्व पार्थिव ।
राजा भवति तं जित्वा दासस्तेन पराजितः ॥२५॥
25. rājarṣayaśca bahavastasmādbudhyasva pārthiva ,
rājā bhavati taṁ jitvā dāsastena parājitaḥ.
25. rājarṣayaḥ ca bahavaḥ tasmāt budhyasva pārthiva
| rājā bhavati tam jitvā dāsaḥ tena parājitaḥ
25. pārthiva,
bahavaḥ rājarṣayaḥ ca (tena nītāḥ vaśam).
tasmāt (tvam) budhyasva.
tam jitvā rājā bhavati; tena parājitaḥ (janāḥ) dāsaḥ (bhavati).
25. And many royal sages (rājarṣi) (also fell prey to it). Therefore, O earthly ruler (pārthiva), understand this! One who conquers him (Arrogance) becomes a king, while one defeated by him becomes a slave.
स यथा दर्पसहितमधर्मं नानुसेवसे ।
तथा वर्तस्व मान्धातश्चिरं चेत्स्थातुमिच्छसि ॥२६॥
26. sa yathā darpasahitamadharmaṁ nānusevase ,
tathā vartasva māndhātaściraṁ cetsthātumicchasi.
26. sa yathā darpasahitam adharmam na anusevase |
tathā vartasva māndhātaḥ ciram cet sthātum icchasi
26. māndhātaḥ,
cet ciram sthātum icchasi,
(tvam) yathā darpasahitam adharmam na anusevase,
tathā vartasva.
26. O Mandhata, act in such a way that you do not indulge in unrighteousness (adharma) accompanied by arrogance (darpa), if you wish to remain (in power) for a long time.
मत्तात्प्रमत्तात्पोगण्डादुन्मत्ताच्च विशेषतः ।
तदभ्यासादुपावर्तादहितानां च सेवनात् ॥२७॥
27. mattātpramattātpogaṇḍādunmattācca viśeṣataḥ ,
tadabhyāsādupāvartādahitānāṁ ca sevanāt.
27. mattāt pramattāt pogaṇḍāt unmattāt ca viśeṣataḥ
| tat abhyāsāt upāvartāt ahitānām ca sevanāt
27. (tvam) mattāt pramattāt pogaṇḍāt unmattāt ca viśeṣataḥ (upāvartasva).
tat-abhyāsāt,
upāvartāt,
ahitānām ca sevanāt (api upāvartasva).
27. Therefore, one should turn away from those who are intoxicated, heedless, immature, and especially from the insane; also from the repeated practice of such habits (tadabhyāsa), from their temptations (upāvarta), and from associating with hostile people.
निगृहीतादमात्याच्च स्त्रीभ्यश्चैव विशेषतः ।
पर्वताद्विषमाद्दुर्गाद्धस्तिनोऽश्वात्सरीसृपात् ॥२८॥
28. nigṛhītādamātyācca strībhyaścaiva viśeṣataḥ ,
parvatādviṣamāddurgāddhastino'śvātsarīsṛpāt.
28. nigṛhītāt amātyāt ca strībhyas ca eva viśeṣatas
parvatāt viṣamāt durgāt hastinaḥ aśvāt sarīsṛpāt
28. nigṛhītāt amātyāt ca strībhyas ca eva viśeṣatas
parvatāt viṣamāt durgāt hastinaḥ aśvāt sarīsṛpāt
28. One should be cautious of a subdued minister, and especially of women. Also, one should be wary of a rugged mountain, a fortress, an elephant, a horse, and reptiles.
एतेभ्यो नित्ययत्तः स्यान्नक्तंचर्यां च वर्जयेत् ।
अत्यायं चातिमानं च दम्भं क्रोधं च वर्जयेत् ॥२९॥
29. etebhyo nityayattaḥ syānnaktaṁcaryāṁ ca varjayet ,
atyāyaṁ cātimānaṁ ca dambhaṁ krodhaṁ ca varjayet.
29. etebhyas nityayattaḥ syāt naktañcaryām ca varjayet
atyāyam ca atimānam ca dambham krodham ca varjayet
29. etebhyas nityayattaḥ syāt ca naktañcaryām varjayet
ca atyāyam atimānam dambham krodham ca varjayet
29. One should always be vigilant regarding these (dangers), and avoid activities at night. One should also shun excessive indulgence, excessive pride, hypocrisy, and anger (krodha).
अविज्ञातासु च स्त्रीषु क्लीबासु स्वैरिणीषु च ।
परभार्यासु कन्यासु नाचरेन्मैथुनं नृपः ॥३०॥
30. avijñātāsu ca strīṣu klībāsu svairiṇīṣu ca ,
parabhāryāsu kanyāsu nācarenmaithunaṁ nṛpaḥ.
30. avijñātāsu ca strīṣu klībāsu svairiṇīṣu ca
parabhāryāsu kanyāsu na ācaret maithunam nṛpaḥ
30. nṛpaḥ avijñātāsu strīṣu ca klībāsu svairiṇīṣu
ca parabhāryāsu kanyāsu na maithunam ācaret
30. A king should not engage in sexual intercourse with unknown women, nor with impotent or unchaste women, nor with the wives of others, nor with maidens.
कुलेषु पापरक्षांसि जायन्ते वर्णसंकरात् ।
अपुमांसोऽङ्गहीनाश्च स्थूलजिह्वा विचेतसः ॥३१॥
31. kuleṣu pāparakṣāṁsi jāyante varṇasaṁkarāt ,
apumāṁso'ṅgahīnāśca sthūlajihvā vicetasaḥ.
31. kuleṣu pāparakṣāṃsi jāyante varṇasaṅkarāt
apumāṃsaḥ aṅgahīnāḥ ca sthūlajihvāḥ vicetasaḥ
31. varṇasaṅkarāt kuleṣu pāparakṣāṃsi jāyante
apumāṃsaḥ aṅgahīnāḥ ca sthūlajihvāḥ vicetasaḥ
31. From the mixing of social classes (varṇasaṅkara), sinful offspring are born in families: unmanly, deformed, thick-tongued, and senseless.
एते चान्ये च जायन्ते यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति ।
तस्माद्राज्ञा विशेषेण वर्तितव्यं प्रजाहिते ॥३२॥
32. ete cānye ca jāyante yadā rājā pramādyati ,
tasmādrājñā viśeṣeṇa vartitavyaṁ prajāhite.
32. ete ca anye ca jāyante yadā rājā pramādyati
tasmāt rājñā viśeṣeṇa vartitavyam prajāhite
32. yadā rājā pramādyati ete ca anye ca jāyante
tasmāt rājñā prajāhite viśeṣeṇa vartitavyam
32. These and other [problems] arise when the king becomes negligent. Therefore, the king must especially act for the welfare of the subjects.
क्षत्रियस्य प्रमत्तस्य दोषः संजायते महान् ।
अधर्माः संप्रवर्तन्ते प्रजासंकरकारकाः ॥३३॥
33. kṣatriyasya pramattasya doṣaḥ saṁjāyate mahān ,
adharmāḥ saṁpravartante prajāsaṁkarakārakāḥ.
33. kṣatriyasya pramattasya doṣaḥ saṃjāyate mahān
adharmāḥ saṃpravartante prajāsaṅkarakārakāḥ
33. pramattasya kṣatriyasya mahān doṣaḥ saṃjāyate
prajāsaṅkarakārakāḥ adharmāḥ saṃpravartante
33. A great fault arises for a negligent warrior (kṣatriya). Unrighteous acts (adharma) spread, causing confusion among the subjects.
अशीते विद्यते शीतं शीते शीतं न विद्यते ।
अवृष्टिरतिवृष्टिश्च व्याधिश्चाविशति प्रजाः ॥३४॥
34. aśīte vidyate śītaṁ śīte śītaṁ na vidyate ,
avṛṣṭirativṛṣṭiśca vyādhiścāviśati prajāḥ.
34. aśīte vidyate śītam śīte śītam na vidyate
avṛṣṭiḥ ativṛṣṭiḥ ca vyādhiḥ ca āviśati prajāḥ
34. aśīte śītam vidyate śīte śītam na vidyate
avṛṣṭiḥ ativṛṣṭiḥ ca vyādhiḥ ca prajāḥ āviśati
34. Unseasonable cold appears, and seasonable cold disappears. Drought and excessive rain, and disease afflict the subjects.
नक्षत्राण्युपतिष्ठन्ति ग्रहा घोरास्तथापरे ।
उत्पाताश्चात्र दृश्यन्ते बहवो राजनाशनाः ॥३५॥
35. nakṣatrāṇyupatiṣṭhanti grahā ghorāstathāpare ,
utpātāścātra dṛśyante bahavo rājanāśanāḥ.
35. nakṣatrāṇi upatiṣṭhanti grahāḥ ghorāḥ tathā apare
utpātāḥ ca atra dṛśyante bahavaḥ rājanāśanāḥ
35. nakṣatrāṇi upatiṣṭhanti grahāḥ ghorāḥ tathā apare
atra bahavaḥ rājanāśanāḥ utpātāḥ ca dṛśyante
35. Constellations and dreadful planets, as well as other [celestial bodies], appear. Many omens destructive to kings are seen here.
अरक्षितात्मा यो राजा प्रजाश्चापि न रक्षति ।
प्रजाश्च तस्य क्षीयन्ते ताश्च सोऽनु विनश्यति ॥३६॥
36. arakṣitātmā yo rājā prajāścāpi na rakṣati ,
prajāśca tasya kṣīyante tāśca so'nu vinaśyati.
36. arakṣitātmā yaḥ rājā prajāḥ ca api na rakṣati
prajāḥ ca tasya kṣīyante tāḥ ca saḥ anu vinaśyati
36. yaḥ rājā arakṣitātmā ca prajāḥ na rakṣati,
tasya prajāḥ kṣīyante ca saḥ tāḥ anu vinaśyati
36. A king who does not guard his own self (ātman) and also fails to protect his subjects finds that his people diminish, and he himself perishes along with them.
द्वावाददाते ह्येकस्य द्वयोश्च बहवोऽपरे ।
कुमार्यः संप्रलुप्यन्ते तदाहुर्नृपदूषणम् ॥३७॥
37. dvāvādadāte hyekasya dvayośca bahavo'pare ,
kumāryaḥ saṁpralupyante tadāhurnṛpadūṣaṇam.
37. dvau adadāte hi ekasya dvayoḥ ca bahavaḥ apare
kumāryaḥ sampra-lupyante tad āhuḥ nṛpadūṣaṇam
37. hi ekasya dvau adadāte ca dvayoḥ bahavaḥ apare
kumāryaḥ sampra-lupyante tad nṛpadūṣaṇam āhuḥ
37. Indeed, when two people deny rights to one, and many others deny rights to two, and maidens are abducted, people declare that to be a king's fault.
ममैतदिति नैकस्य मनुष्येष्ववतिष्ठते ।
त्यक्त्वा धर्मं यदा राजा प्रमादमनुतिष्ठति ॥३८॥
38. mamaitaditi naikasya manuṣyeṣvavatiṣṭhate ,
tyaktvā dharmaṁ yadā rājā pramādamanutiṣṭhati.
38. mama etat iti na ekasya manuṣyeṣu avatiṣṭhate
tyaktvā dharmam yadā rājā pramādam anutiṣṭhati
38. yadā rājā dharmam tyaktvā pramādam anutiṣṭhati,
mama etat iti ekasya manuṣyeṣu na avatiṣṭhate
38. When a king, abandoning natural law (dharma), indulges in negligence, the concept of "This is mine" no longer holds true for anyone among men.