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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-108

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यथा ज्येष्ठः कनिष्ठेषु वर्तते भरतर्षभ ।
कनिष्ठाश्च यथा ज्येष्ठे वर्तेरंस्तद्ब्रवीहि मे ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yathā jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭheṣu vartate bharatarṣabha ,
kaniṣṭhāśca yathā jyeṣṭhe varteraṁstadbravīhi me.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yathā jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭheṣu vartate
bharatarṣabha kaniṣṭhāḥ ca yathā jyeṣṭhe varteran tat bravīhi me
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha yathā jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭheṣu
vartate ca yathā kaniṣṭhāḥ jyeṣṭhe varteran tat me bravīhi
1. Yudhishthira said: "O best of Bharatas, tell me how an elder should behave towards younger ones, and similarly, how younger ones should behave towards an elder."
भीष्म उवाच ।
ज्येष्ठवत्तात वर्तस्व ज्येष्ठो हि सततं भवान् ।
गुरोर्गरीयसी वृत्तिर्या चेच्छिष्यस्य भारत ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
jyeṣṭhavattāta vartasva jyeṣṭho hi satataṁ bhavān ,
gurorgarīyasī vṛttiryā cecchiṣyasya bhārata.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca jyeṣṭhavat tāta vartasva jyeṣṭhaḥ hi satatam
bhavān guroḥ garīyasī vṛttiḥ yā ca it śiṣyasya bhārata
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tāta jyeṣṭhavat vartasva hi bhavān satatam
jyeṣṭhaḥ ca bhārata yā vṛttiḥ guroḥ garīyasī tat śiṣyasya
2. Bhishma said: "O dear one, behave like an elder, for you are always the elder. And, O Bharata, the conduct (expected from a younger person towards an elder) is more significant than that of a teacher (guru), and that is indeed the duty of a disciple."
न गुरावकृतप्रज्ञे शक्यं शिष्येण वर्तितुम् ।
गुरोर्हि दीर्घदर्शित्वं यत्तच्छिष्यस्य भारत ॥३॥
3. na gurāvakṛtaprajñe śakyaṁ śiṣyeṇa vartitum ,
gurorhi dīrghadarśitvaṁ yattacchiṣyasya bhārata.
3. na gurau akṛtaprajñe śakyam śiṣyeṇa vartitum
guroḥ hi dīrghadarśitvam yat tat śiṣyasya bhārata
3. śiṣyeṇa akṛtaprajñe gurau vartitum na śakyam hi
bhārata yat guroḥ dīrghadarśitvam tat śiṣyasya
3. It is not possible for a disciple to behave properly towards a teacher (guru) who lacks wisdom. Indeed, O Bharata, the foresight that belongs to the teacher (guru) should also belong to the disciple.
अन्धः स्यादन्धवेलायां जडः स्यादपि वा बुधः ।
परिहारेण तद्ब्रूयाद्यस्तेषां स्याद्व्यतिक्रमः ॥४॥
4. andhaḥ syādandhavelāyāṁ jaḍaḥ syādapi vā budhaḥ ,
parihāreṇa tadbrūyādyasteṣāṁ syādvyatikramaḥ.
4. andhaḥ syāt andhavelāyām jaḍaḥ syāt api vā budhaḥ
parihāreṇa tat brūyāt yaḥ teṣām syāt vyatikramaḥ
4. andhaḥ syāt andhavelāyām vā budhaḥ api jaḍaḥ syāt
yaḥ teṣām vyatikramaḥ syāt tat parihāreṇa brūyāt
4. One might be blind in a time of ignorance, or even a wise person might be dull. Therefore, he who would speak of their transgression should do so with tact and avoidance (indirectly).
प्रत्यक्षं भिन्नहृदया भेदयेयुः कृतं नराः ।
श्रियाभितप्ताः कौन्तेय भेदकामास्तथारयः ॥५॥
5. pratyakṣaṁ bhinnahṛdayā bhedayeyuḥ kṛtaṁ narāḥ ,
śriyābhitaptāḥ kaunteya bhedakāmāstathārayaḥ.
5. pratyakṣam bhinnahṛdayāḥ bhedayeyuḥ kṛtam narāḥ
śriyā abhitaptāḥ kaunteya bhedakāmāḥ tathā arayaḥ
5. kaunteya narāḥ pratyakṣam bhinnahṛdayāḥ śriyā
abhitaptāḥ bhedakāmāḥ kṛtam bhedayeyuḥ tathā arayaḥ
5. O son of Kunti, people whose hearts are openly divided, or those tormented by prosperity and desirous of causing discord, would certainly destroy what has been accomplished. Such individuals are truly enemies.
ज्येष्ठः कुलं वर्धयति विनाशयति वा पुनः ।
हन्ति सर्वमपि ज्येष्ठः कुलं यत्रावजायते ॥६॥
6. jyeṣṭhaḥ kulaṁ vardhayati vināśayati vā punaḥ ,
hanti sarvamapi jyeṣṭhaḥ kulaṁ yatrāvajāyate.
6. jyeṣṭhaḥ kulam vardhayati vināśayati vā punaḥ
hanti sarvam api jyeṣṭhaḥ kulam yatra avajāyate
6. jyeṣṭhaḥ kulam vardhayati vā punaḥ vināśayati
yatra jyeṣṭhaḥ avajāyate sarvam api kulam hanti
6. The eldest son either brings prosperity to the family or, conversely, destroys it. Where an eldest son degenerates, he destroys the entire family into which he is born.
अथ यो विनिकुर्वीत ज्येष्ठो भ्राता यवीयसः ।
अज्येष्ठः स्यादभागश्च नियम्यो राजभिश्च सः ॥७॥
7. atha yo vinikurvīta jyeṣṭho bhrātā yavīyasaḥ ,
ajyeṣṭhaḥ syādabhāgaśca niyamyo rājabhiśca saḥ.
7. atha yaḥ vinikurvīta jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā yavīyasaḥ
ajyeṣṭhaḥ syāt abhāgaḥ ca niyamyaḥ rājabhiḥ ca saḥ
7. atha yaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā yavīyasaḥ vinikurvīta
saḥ ajyeṣṭhaḥ syāt ca abhāgaḥ ca rājabhiḥ niyamyaḥ
7. Now, if an elder brother wrongs a younger one, he would no longer be considered the eldest, nor would he receive his share, and he should be disciplined by kings.
निकृती हि नरो लोकान्पापान्गच्छत्यसंशयम् ।
विदुलस्येव तत्पुष्पं मोघं जनयितुः स्मृतम् ॥८॥
8. nikṛtī hi naro lokānpāpāngacchatyasaṁśayam ,
vidulasyeva tatpuṣpaṁ moghaṁ janayituḥ smṛtam.
8. nikṛtī hi naraḥ lokān pāpān gacchati asaṃśayam
vidulasya iva tat puṣpam mogham janayituḥ smṛtam
8. nikṛtī naraḥ hi asaṃśayam pāpān lokān gacchati
tat puṣpam vidulasya iva janayituḥ mogham smṛtam
8. Indeed, a deceitful person undoubtedly goes to sinful realms. Like the flower of theāla tree, his life is considered fruitless for his progenitor.
सर्वानर्थः कुले यत्र जायते पापपूरुषः ।
अकीर्तिं जनयत्येव कीर्तिमन्तर्दधाति च ॥९॥
9. sarvānarthaḥ kule yatra jāyate pāpapūruṣaḥ ,
akīrtiṁ janayatyeva kīrtimantardadhāti ca.
9. sarvānarthaḥ kule yatra jāyate pāpapūruṣaḥ
akīrtim janayati eva kīrtim antardadhāti ca
9. yatra pāpapūruṣaḥ kule jāyate sarvānarthaḥ
akīrtim janayati eva ca kīrtim antardadhāti
9. When a sinful person is born in a family, he brings about all kinds of misfortune, surely generates ill-repute, and obliterates any existing fame.
सर्वे चापि विकर्मस्था भागं नार्हन्ति सोदराः ।
नाप्रदाय कनिष्ठेभ्यो ज्येष्ठः कुर्वीत यौतकम् ॥१०॥
10. sarve cāpi vikarmasthā bhāgaṁ nārhanti sodarāḥ ,
nāpradāya kaniṣṭhebhyo jyeṣṭhaḥ kurvīta yautakam.
10. sarve ca api vikarmasthāḥ bhāgam na arhanti sodarāḥ
na apradāya kaniṣṭebhyaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ kurvīta yautakam
10. api cet vikarmasthāḥ sarve sodarāḥ bhāgam na arhanti.
jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭebhyaḥ apradāya yautakam na kurvīta
10. All brothers who are engaged in improper actions do not deserve a share of the inheritance. The eldest brother should not claim his portion of the inheritance without first giving to the younger ones.
अनुजं हि पितुर्दायो जङ्घाश्रमफलोऽध्वगः ।
स्वयमीहितलब्धं तु नाकामो दातुमर्हति ॥११॥
11. anujaṁ hi piturdāyo jaṅghāśramaphalo'dhvagaḥ ,
svayamīhitalabdhaṁ tu nākāmo dātumarhati.
11. anujam hi pituḥ dāyaḥ jaṅghāśramaphalaḥ adhvagaḥ
svaymīhitalabdham tu na akāmaḥ dātum arhati
11. hi pituḥ dāyaḥ anujam jaṅghāśramaphalaḥ adhvagaḥ [bhavati].
tu svaymīhitalabdham [vastu] akāmaḥ [janaḥ] na dātum arhati
11. Indeed, the father's inheritance for the younger (brother) is like the fruit of a traveler's exertion. But an unwilling person should not be compelled to give what he has acquired through his own effort.
भ्रातॄणामविभक्तानामुत्थानमपि चेत्सह ।
न पुत्रभागं विषमं पिता दद्यात्कथंचन ॥१२॥
12. bhrātṝṇāmavibhaktānāmutthānamapi cetsaha ,
na putrabhāgaṁ viṣamaṁ pitā dadyātkathaṁcana.
12. bhrātṝṇām avibhaktānām utthānam api cet saha
na putrabhāgam viṣamam pitā dadyāt kathañcana
12. api cet avibhaktānām bhrātṝṇām utthānam saha,
pitā putrabhāgam viṣamam kathañcana na dadyāt
12. Even if the undivided brothers cooperate together for their common enterprise, the father should never give an unequal share to his sons.
न ज्येष्ठानवमन्येत दुष्कृतः सुकृतोऽपि वा ।
यदि स्त्री यद्यवरजः श्रेयः पश्येत्तथाचरेत् ।
धर्मं हि श्रेय इत्याहुरिति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥१३॥
13. na jyeṣṭhānavamanyeta duṣkṛtaḥ sukṛto'pi vā ,
yadi strī yadyavarajaḥ śreyaḥ paśyettathācaret ,
dharmaṁ hi śreya ityāhuriti dharmavido viduḥ.
13. na jyeṣṭhān avamanyeta duṣkṛtaḥ sukṛtaḥ
api vā yadi strī yadi avarajaḥ
śreyaḥ paśyet tathā ācaret dharmam hi
śreyaḥ iti āhuḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ
13. jyeṣṭhān duṣkṛtaḥ sukṛtaḥ api vā na
avamanyeta yadi strī yadi avarajaḥ
śreyaḥ paśyet tathā ācaret hi dharmam
śreyaḥ iti āhuḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ
13. One should not disrespect elders, whether they have acted improperly or properly. If a woman or a junior person perceives what is beneficial, one should act accordingly. For indeed, those familiar with natural law (dharma) declare that it is the ultimate good, and thus the knowers of natural law (dharma) comprehend this.
दशाचार्यानुपाध्याय उपाध्यायान्पिता दश ।
दश चैव पितॄन्माता सर्वां वा पृथिवीमपि ॥१४॥
14. daśācāryānupādhyāya upādhyāyānpitā daśa ,
daśa caiva pitṝnmātā sarvāṁ vā pṛthivīmapi.
14. daśa ācāryān upādhyāyaḥ upādhyāyān pitā daśa
daśa ca eva pitṝn mātā sarvām vā pṛthivīm api
14. upādhyāyaḥ daśa ācāryān pitā daśa upādhyāyān
ca eva mātā daśa pitṝn vā sarvām pṛthivīm api
14. A preceptor (upādhyāya) is equivalent to ten teachers (ācārya). A father is equivalent to ten preceptors. And a mother is indeed equivalent to ten fathers, or even to the entire earth.
गौरवेणाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः ।
माता गरीयसी यच्च तेनैतां मन्यते जनः ॥१५॥
15. gauraveṇābhibhavati nāsti mātṛsamo guruḥ ,
mātā garīyasī yacca tenaitāṁ manyate janaḥ.
15. gauraveṇa abhibhavati na asti mātṛsamaḥ guruḥ
mātā garīyasī yat ca tena etām manyate janaḥ
15. gauraveṇa abhibhavati mātṛsamaḥ guruḥ na asti
ca yat mātā garīyasī tena janaḥ etām manyate
15. By her great importance, she (the mother) surpasses all; there is no spiritual teacher (guru) equal to a mother. And because the mother is more venerable, people therefore consider her as such.
ज्येष्ठो भ्राता पितृसमो मृते पितरि भारत ।
स ह्येषां वृत्तिदाता स्यात्स चैतान्परिपालयेत् ॥१६॥
16. jyeṣṭho bhrātā pitṛsamo mṛte pitari bhārata ,
sa hyeṣāṁ vṛttidātā syātsa caitānparipālayet.
16. jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā pitṛsamaḥ mṛte pitari bhārata saḥ
hi eṣām vṛttidātā syāt saḥ ca etān paripālayet
16. bhārata pitari mṛte jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā pitṛsamaḥ saḥ
hi eṣām vṛttidātā syāt ca saḥ etān paripālayet
16. O Bhārata, when the father has died, the eldest brother is like a father. Indeed, he should be the provider of livelihood for them, and he should protect them.
कनिष्ठास्तं नमस्येरन्सर्वे छन्दानुवर्तिनः ।
तमेव चोपजीवेरन्यथैव पितरं तथा ॥१७॥
17. kaniṣṭhāstaṁ namasyeransarve chandānuvartinaḥ ,
tameva copajīveranyathaiva pitaraṁ tathā.
17. kaniṣṭhāḥ tam namasyeran sarve chandānuvartinaḥ
tam eva ca upajīveran yathā eva pitaraṃ tathā
17. sarve chandānuvartinaḥ kaniṣṭhāḥ tam namasyeran
ca yathā eva pitaraṃ tathā tam eva upajīveran
17. All the younger ones, following his will, should revere him. And they should depend on him, just as they would on a father.
शरीरमेतौ सृजतः पिता माता च भारत ।
आचार्यशास्ता या जातिः सा सत्या साजरामरा ॥१८॥
18. śarīrametau sṛjataḥ pitā mātā ca bhārata ,
ācāryaśāstā yā jātiḥ sā satyā sājarāmarā.
18. śarīram etau sṛjataḥ pitā mātā ca bhārata
ācāryaśāstā yā jātiḥ sā satyā sā ajarā amarā
18. bhārata pitā ca mātā etau śarīram sṛjataḥ yā
ācāryaśāstā jātiḥ sā satyā sā ajarā amarā
18. O Bhārata, a father and mother create this body. But the birth (jāti) that is guided by a teacher – that (jāti) is truly real, ageless, and immortal.
ज्येष्ठा मातृसमा चापि भगिनी भरतर्षभ ।
भ्रातुर्भार्या च तद्वत्स्याद्यस्या बाल्ये स्तनं पिबेत् ॥१९॥
19. jyeṣṭhā mātṛsamā cāpi bhaginī bharatarṣabha ,
bhrāturbhāryā ca tadvatsyādyasyā bālye stanaṁ pibet.
19. jyeṣṭhā mātṛsamā ca api bhaginī bharatarṣabha bhrātuḥ
bhāryā ca tadvat syāt yasyāḥ bālye stanam pibet
19. bharatarṣabha jyeṣṭhā bhaginī ca api mātṛsamā syāt ca
yasyāḥ bhrātuḥ bhāryā bālye stanam pibet tadvat syāt
19. O best among the Bhāratas, an elder sister is indeed like a mother. And a brother's wife should be treated similarly, especially if one has drunk her breast milk in childhood.