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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-197

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मनुरुवाच ।
यथा व्यक्तमिदं शेते स्वप्ने चरति चेतनम् ।
ज्ञानमिन्द्रियसंयुक्तं तद्वत्प्रेत्य भवाभवौ ॥१॥
1. manuruvāca ,
yathā vyaktamidaṁ śete svapne carati cetanam ,
jñānamindriyasaṁyuktaṁ tadvatpretya bhavābhavau.
1. manuḥ uvāca yathā vyaktam idam śete svapne carati
cetanam jñānam indriyasaṃyuktam tadvat pretya bhavābhavau
1. manuḥ uvāca yathā idam vyaktam cetanam svapne śete
carati tadvat jñānam indriyasaṃyuktam pretya bhavābhavau
1. Manu said: Just as this conscious self (cetana) clearly lies and moves in a dream, similarly, knowledge (jñāna) united with the senses (indriya), after departing (from the body), experiences becoming and non-becoming (bhavābhava).
यथाम्भसि प्रसन्ने तु रूपं पश्यति चक्षुषा ।
तद्वत्प्रसन्नेन्द्रियवाञ्ज्ञेयं ज्ञानेन पश्यति ॥२॥
2. yathāmbhasi prasanne tu rūpaṁ paśyati cakṣuṣā ,
tadvatprasannendriyavāñjñeyaṁ jñānena paśyati.
2. yathā ambhasi prasanne tu rūpam paśyati cakṣuṣā
tadvat prasannendriyavān jñeyam jñānena paśyati
2. yathā prasanne ambhasi tu cakṣuṣā rūpam paśyati
tadvat prasannendriyavān jñānena jñeyam paśyati
2. Just as one sees a form with the eye in clear water, similarly, one whose senses (indriya) are serene perceives the knowable (jñeya) through knowledge (jñāna).
स एव लुलिते तस्मिन्यथा रूपं न पश्यति ।
तथेन्द्रियाकुलीभावे ज्ञेयं ज्ञाने न पश्यति ॥३॥
3. sa eva lulite tasminyathā rūpaṁ na paśyati ,
tathendriyākulībhāve jñeyaṁ jñāne na paśyati.
3. saḥ eva lulite tasmin yathā rūpam na paśyati
tathā indriyākulībhāve jñeyam jñāne na paśyati
3. saḥ eva yathā lulite tasmin rūpam na paśyati
tathā indriyākulībhāve jñāne jñeyam na paśyati
3. Just as that very person does not see a form in agitated water, similarly, when the senses (indriya) are disturbed, one does not perceive the knowable (jñeya) even in knowledge (jñāna).
अबुद्धिरज्ञानकृता अबुद्ध्या दुष्यते मनः ।
दुष्टस्य मनसः पञ्च संप्रदुष्यन्ति मानसाः ॥४॥
4. abuddhirajñānakṛtā abuddhyā duṣyate manaḥ ,
duṣṭasya manasaḥ pañca saṁpraduṣyanti mānasāḥ.
4. abuddhiḥ ajñānakṛtā abuddhyā duṣyate manaḥ
duṣṭasya manasaḥ pañca saṃpraduṣyanti mānasāḥ
4. abuddhiḥ ajñānakṛtā manaḥ abuddhyā duṣyate
duṣṭasya manasaḥ pañca mānasāḥ saṃpraduṣyanti
4. Lack of understanding is caused by ignorance (ajñāna). The mind is corrupted by this lack of understanding. When the mind is corrupted, the five mental faculties also become completely tainted.
अज्ञानतृप्तो विषयेष्ववगाढो न दृश्यते ।
अदृष्ट्वैव तु पूतात्मा विषयेभ्यो निवर्तते ॥५॥
5. ajñānatṛpto viṣayeṣvavagāḍho na dṛśyate ,
adṛṣṭvaiva tu pūtātmā viṣayebhyo nivartate.
5. ajñānatṛptaḥ viṣayeṣu avagāḍhaḥ na dṛśyate
adṛṣṭvā eva tu pūtātmā viṣayebhyaḥ nivartate
5. ajñānatṛptaḥ viṣayeṣu avagāḍhaḥ na dṛśyate
tu pūtātmā viṣayebhyaḥ adṛṣṭvā eva nivartate
5. One who is satisfied by ignorance (ajñāna) and deeply immersed in sense objects (viṣaya) is not truly perceived. But a pure-souled person (pūtātmā) withdraws from sense objects without even having experienced them.
तर्षच्छेदो न भवति पुरुषस्येह कल्मषात् ।
निवर्तते तथा तर्षः पापमन्तं गतं यथा ॥६॥
6. tarṣacchedo na bhavati puruṣasyeha kalmaṣāt ,
nivartate tathā tarṣaḥ pāpamantaṁ gataṁ yathā.
6. tarṣacchedaḥ na bhavati puruṣasya iha kalmaṣāt
nivartate tathā tarṣaḥ pāpam antam gatam yathā
6. puruṣasya iha kalmaṣāt tarṣacchedaḥ na bhavati
yathā pāpam antam gatam tathā tarṣaḥ nivartate
6. The cessation of craving does not occur for a person (puruṣa) in this world on account of impurity. Just as sin (pāpa) reaches its end, so too does craving cease.
विषयेषु च संसर्गाच्छाश्वतस्य नसंश्रयात् ।
मनसा चान्यदाकाङ्क्षन्परं न प्रतिपद्यते ॥७॥
7. viṣayeṣu ca saṁsargācchāśvatasya nasaṁśrayāt ,
manasā cānyadākāṅkṣanparaṁ na pratipadyate.
7. viṣayeṣu ca saṃsargāt śāśvatasya na saṃśrayāt
manasā ca anyat ākaṅkṣan param na pratipadyate
7. viṣayeṣu saṃsargāt ca śāśvatasya na saṃśrayāt
ca manasā anyat ākaṅkṣan param na pratipadyate
7. And due to attachment to sense objects (viṣaya) and a lack of reliance on the eternal, desiring other things with the mind, one does not attain the Supreme (parama).
ज्ञानमुत्पद्यते पुंसां क्षयात्पापस्य कर्मणः ।
अथादर्शतलप्रख्ये पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ॥८॥
8. jñānamutpadyate puṁsāṁ kṣayātpāpasya karmaṇaḥ ,
athādarśatalaprakhye paśyatyātmānamātmani.
8. jñānam utpadyate puṃsām kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ
atha ādarśatalaprakhye paśyati ātmānam ātmani
8. puṃsām pāpasya karmaṇaḥ kṣayāt jñānam utpadyate
atha ādarśatalaprakhye ātmani ātmānam paśyati
8. Knowledge (jñāna) arises for individuals from the destruction of sinful deeds (karma). Subsequently, in a state as clear as a mirror's surface, one perceives the self (ātman) within one's own being (ātman).
प्रसृतैरिन्द्रियैर्दुःखी तैरेव नियतैः सुखी ।
तस्मादिन्द्रियरूपेभ्यो यच्छेदात्मानमात्मना ॥९॥
9. prasṛtairindriyairduḥkhī taireva niyataiḥ sukhī ,
tasmādindriyarūpebhyo yacchedātmānamātmanā.
9. prasṛtaiḥ indriyaiḥ duḥkhī taiḥ eva niyataiḥ sukhī
tasmāt indriyarūpebhyaḥ yacchet ātmānam ātmanā
9. prasṛtaiḥ indriyaiḥ duḥkhī eva taiḥ niyataiḥ sukhī
tasmāt ātmanā ātmānam indriyarūpebhyaḥ yacchet
9. One is unhappy when the senses are uncontrolled, but happy when they are indeed restrained. Therefore, one should withdraw the self (ātman) from sensory objects by means of the self (ātman).
इन्द्रियेभ्यो मनः पूर्वं बुद्धिः परतरा ततः ।
बुद्धेः परतरं ज्ञानं ज्ञानात्परतरं परम् ॥१०॥
10. indriyebhyo manaḥ pūrvaṁ buddhiḥ paratarā tataḥ ,
buddheḥ parataraṁ jñānaṁ jñānātparataraṁ param.
10. indriyebhyaḥ manaḥ pūrvam buddhiḥ paratarā tataḥ
buddheḥ parataram jñānam jñānāt parataram param
10. indriyebhyaḥ manaḥ pūrvam tataḥ buddhiḥ paratarā
buddheḥ jñānam parataram jñānāt param parataram
10. The mind is superior to the senses; the intellect (buddhi) is superior to the mind. Knowledge (jñāna) is superior to the intellect, and the Supreme (param) is superior to that knowledge (jñāna).
अव्यक्तात्प्रसृतं ज्ञानं ततो बुद्धिस्ततो मनः ।
मनः श्रोत्रादिभिर्युक्तं शब्दादीन्साधु पश्यति ॥११॥
11. avyaktātprasṛtaṁ jñānaṁ tato buddhistato manaḥ ,
manaḥ śrotrādibhiryuktaṁ śabdādīnsādhu paśyati.
11. avyaktāt prasṛtam jñānam tataḥ buddhiḥ tataḥ manaḥ
manaḥ śrotrādibhiḥ yuktam śabdādīn sādhu paśyati
11. avyaktāt jñānam prasṛtam tataḥ buddhiḥ tataḥ manaḥ
manaḥ śrotrādibhiḥ yuktam śabdādīn sādhu paśyati
11. Knowledge (jñāna) emanates from the Unmanifest. From that [knowledge comes] the intellect (buddhi), and from that [intellect comes] the mind. The mind, endowed with ears and other senses, correctly perceives sounds and other sense-objects.
यस्तांस्त्यजति शब्दादीन्सर्वाश्च व्यक्तयस्तथा ।
विमुञ्चत्याकृतिग्रामांस्तान्मुक्त्वामृतमश्नुते ॥१२॥
12. yastāṁstyajati śabdādīnsarvāśca vyaktayastathā ,
vimuñcatyākṛtigrāmāṁstānmuktvāmṛtamaśnute.
12. yaḥ tān tyajati śabdādīn sarvāḥ ca vyaktayaḥ tathā
vimuñcati ākṛtigrāmān tān muktvā amṛtam aśnute
12. yaḥ tān śabdādīn ca sarvāḥ vyaktayaḥ tathā ākṛtigrāmān tān tyajati vimuñcati,
[saḥ] muktvā amṛtam aśnute
12. He who abandons sense objects (śabda, etc.) and all individual manifestations, and likewise renounces those collections of forms – having let go of them, he attains immortality.
उद्यन्हि सविता यद्वत्सृजते रश्मिमण्डलम् ।
स एवास्तमुपागच्छंस्तदेवात्मनि यच्छति ॥१३॥
13. udyanhi savitā yadvatsṛjate raśmimaṇḍalam ,
sa evāstamupāgacchaṁstadevātmani yacchati.
13. udyan hi savitā yadvat sṛjate raśmimaṇḍalam saḥ
eva astam upāgacchan tat eva ātmani yacchati
13. hi yadvat udyan savitā raśmimaṇḍalam sṛjate,
saḥ eva astam upāgacchan tat eva ātmani yacchati
13. Indeed, just as the rising sun (savitā) creates its orb of rays, so too, that very [sun], as it approaches setting, withdraws that same [light] into itself (ātman).
अन्तरात्मा तथा देहमाविश्येन्द्रियरश्मिभिः ।
प्राप्येन्द्रियगुणान्पञ्च सोऽस्तमावृत्य गच्छति ॥१४॥
14. antarātmā tathā dehamāviśyendriyaraśmibhiḥ ,
prāpyendriyaguṇānpañca so'stamāvṛtya gacchati.
14. antarātmā tathā deham āviśya indriyardaśmibhiḥ
prāpya indriyaguṇān pañca saḥ astam āvṛtya gacchati
14. tathā antarātmā deham āviśya,
indriyardaśmibhiḥ pañca indriyaguṇān prāpya,
saḥ astam āvṛtya gacchati
14. Likewise, the inner self (antarātman), having entered the body and having apprehended the five qualities (indriyaguṇa) of the senses through the 'rays' of the senses, then, having turned back (from these objects), proceeds to 'set' (i.e., withdraws).
प्रणीतं कर्मणा मार्गं नीयमानः पुनः पुनः ।
प्राप्नोत्ययं कर्मफलं प्रवृद्धं धर्ममात्मवान् ॥१५॥
15. praṇītaṁ karmaṇā mārgaṁ nīyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
prāpnotyayaṁ karmaphalaṁ pravṛddhaṁ dharmamātmavān.
15. praṇītam karmaṇā mārgam nīyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ
prāpnoti ayam karmaphalam pravṛddham dharmam ātmavān
15. ayam ātmavān,
karmaṇā praṇītam mārgam punaḥ punaḥ nīyamānaḥ,
pravṛddham dharmam karmaphalam prāpnoti
15. This self-possessed individual (ātman), being led repeatedly along the path directed by (his) actions (karma), attains the greatly increased fruit of action (karma), which is natural law (dharma).
विषया विनिवर्तन्ते निराहारस्य देहिनः ।
रसवर्जं रसोऽप्यस्य परं दृष्ट्वा निवर्तते ॥१६॥
16. viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ ,
rasavarjaṁ raso'pyasya paraṁ dṛṣṭvā nivartate.
16. viṣayāḥ vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ
rasa-varjam rasaḥ api asya param dṛṣṭvā nivartate
16. nirāhārasya dehinaḥ viṣayāḥ vinivartante; rasa-varjam (tu asti); asya rasaḥ api param dṛṣṭvā nivartate.
16. Sense objects (viṣaya) withdraw from an embodied being (dehin) who abstains from them. However, the inclination or taste (rasa) for them persists. But even this taste (rasa) ceases for one who has experienced the Supreme.
बुद्धिः कर्मगुणैर्हीना यदा मनसि वर्तते ।
तदा संपद्यते ब्रह्म तत्रैव प्रलयं गतम् ॥१७॥
17. buddhiḥ karmaguṇairhīnā yadā manasi vartate ,
tadā saṁpadyate brahma tatraiva pralayaṁ gatam.
17. buddhiḥ karma-guṇaiḥ hīnā yadā manasi vartate
tadā sampadyate brahma tatra eva pralayam gatam
17. yadā karma-guṇaiḥ hīnā buddhiḥ manasi vartate,
tadā brahma sampadyate,
tatra eva pralayam gatam (ca bhavati).
17. When the intellect (buddhi), devoid of the qualities associated with actions (karma guṇa), settles into the mind (manas), then Brahman is attained, and (the individual consciousness) becomes fully absorbed in that very state.
अस्पर्शनमशृण्वानमनास्वादमदर्शनम् ।
अघ्राणमवितर्कं च सत्त्वं प्रविशते परम् ॥१८॥
18. asparśanamaśṛṇvānamanāsvādamadarśanam ,
aghrāṇamavitarkaṁ ca sattvaṁ praviśate param.
18. asparśanam aśṛṇvānam anāsvādam adarśanam
aghrāṇam avitarkam ca sattvam praviśate param
18. asparśanam aśṛṇvānam anāsvādam adarśanam aghrāṇam avitarkam ca param sattvam praviśate.
18. One enters the Supreme reality (sattva) which is without touch, without hearing, without taste, without sight, without smell, and free from discursive thought (vitarka).
मनस्याकृतयो मग्ना मनस्त्वतिगतं मतिम् ।
मतिस्त्वतिगता ज्ञानं ज्ञानं त्वभिगतं परम् ॥१९॥
19. manasyākṛtayo magnā manastvatigataṁ matim ,
matistvatigatā jñānaṁ jñānaṁ tvabhigataṁ param.
19. manasi ākṛtayaḥ magnāḥ manaḥ tu atigatam matim
matiḥ tu atigatā jñānam jñānam tu abhigatam param
19. ākṛtayaḥ manasi magnāḥ (bhavanti); tu manaḥ matim atigatam; tu matiḥ jñānam atigatā; tu jñānam param abhigatam.
19. Thoughts (ākṛti) are absorbed in the mind (manas). But the mind (manas) goes beyond the intellect (mati). Yet, the intellect (mati) transcends (empirical) knowledge (jñāna). And (this ultimate) knowledge (jñāna) attains the Supreme.
इन्द्रियैर्मनसः सिद्धिर्न बुद्धिं बुध्यते मनः ।
न बुद्धिर्बुध्यतेऽव्यक्तं सूक्ष्मस्त्वेतानि पश्यति ॥२०॥
20. indriyairmanasaḥ siddhirna buddhiṁ budhyate manaḥ ,
na buddhirbudhyate'vyaktaṁ sūkṣmastvetāni paśyati.
20. indriyaiḥ manasaḥ siddhiḥ na buddhim budhyate manaḥ |
na buddhiḥ budhyate avyaktam sūkṣmaḥ tu etāni paśyati
20. indriyaiḥ manasaḥ siddhiḥ (bhavati) manaḥ buddhim na budhyate
buddhiḥ avyaktam na budhyate tu sūkṣmaḥ etāni paśyati
20. The senses facilitate the mind's operations, yet the mind (manas) does not comprehend the intellect (buddhi). The intellect (buddhi), in turn, does not comprehend the unmanifest (avyakta). However, a subtle principle perceives all these.