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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-276

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अतत्त्वज्ञस्य शास्त्राणां सततं संशयात्मनः ।
अकृतव्यवसायस्य श्रेयो ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
atattvajñasya śāstrāṇāṁ satataṁ saṁśayātmanaḥ ,
akṛtavyavasāyasya śreyo brūhi pitāmaha.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca atattvajñasya śāstrāṇām satatam
saṃśayātmanaḥ akṛtavyavasāyasya śreyaḥ brūhi pitāmaha
1. pitāmaha brūhi śreyaḥ atattvajñasya śāstrāṇām
satatam saṃśayātmanaḥ akṛtavyavasāyasya
1. Yudhishthira said: O Grandfather, please tell me what is truly beneficial for someone who does not understand the principles of the scriptures, who is perpetually filled with doubt, and who lacks firm resolve.
भीष्म उवाच ।
गुरुपूजा च सततं वृद्धानां पर्युपासनम् ।
श्रवणं चैव विद्यानां कूटस्थं श्रेय उच्यते ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
gurupūjā ca satataṁ vṛddhānāṁ paryupāsanam ,
śravaṇaṁ caiva vidyānāṁ kūṭasthaṁ śreya ucyate.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca gurupūjā ca satatam vṛddhānām paryupāsanam
śravaṇam ca eva vidyānām kūṭastham śreyaḥ ucyate
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca gurupūjā ca satatam vṛddhānām paryupāsanam
ca eva vidyānām śravaṇam kūṭastham śreyaḥ ucyate
2. Bhishma said: Constant reverence for one's teachers, devoted service to elders, and diligently listening to the various branches of knowledge – this is declared to be the firmly established ultimate good.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
गालवस्य च संवादं देवर्षेर्नारदस्य च ॥३॥
3. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
gālavasya ca saṁvādaṁ devarṣernāradasya ca.
3. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
gālavasya ca saṃvādam deva-ṛṣeḥ nāradasya ca
3. atra api imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
ca gālavasya deva-ṛṣeḥ nāradasya ca saṃvādam
3. In this context, they also relate this ancient narrative (itihāsa), the dialogue between Gālava and the divine sage (devarṣi) Nārada.
वीतमोहक्लमं विप्रं ज्ञानतृप्तं जितेन्द्रियम् ।
श्रेयस्कामं जितात्मानं नारदं गालवोऽब्रवीत् ॥४॥
4. vītamohaklamaṁ vipraṁ jñānatṛptaṁ jitendriyam ,
śreyaskāmaṁ jitātmānaṁ nāradaṁ gālavo'bravīt.
4. gālavaḥ abravīt vītamohaklamam vipram jñānatṛptam
jitendriyam śreyaskāmam jitātmanam nāradam
4. gālavaḥ abravīt vītamohaklamam jñānatṛptam
jitendriyam śreyaskāmam jitātmanam vipram nāradam
4. Gālava spoke to Nārada, the wise one (vipra) who was free from delusion and weariness, satisfied by wisdom (jñāna), had controlled his senses (indriya), sought the ultimate good, and had conquered his lower self (ātman).
यैः कैश्चित्संमतो लोके गुणैस्तु पुरुषो नृषु ।
भवत्यनपगान्सर्वांस्तान्गुणाँल्लक्षयाम्यहम् ॥५॥
5. yaiḥ kaiścitsaṁmato loke guṇaistu puruṣo nṛṣu ,
bhavatyanapagānsarvāṁstānguṇāँllakṣayāmyaham.
5. yaiḥ kaiścit saṃmataḥ loke guṇaiḥ tu puruṣaḥ nṛṣu
bhavati anapagān sarvān tān guṇān lakṣayāmi aham
5. aham tu tān sarvān anapagān guṇān lakṣayāmi yaiḥ
kaiścit guṇaiḥ puruṣaḥ nṛṣu loke saṃmataḥ bhavati
5. I shall indeed identify all those unfailing qualities by which a person (puruṣa) is esteemed among men in the world.
भवानेवंविधोऽस्माकं संशयं छेत्तुमर्हति ।
अमूढश्चिरमूढानां लोकतत्त्वमजानताम् ॥६॥
6. bhavānevaṁvidho'smākaṁ saṁśayaṁ chettumarhati ,
amūḍhaściramūḍhānāṁ lokatattvamajānatām.
6. bhavān evaṃvidhaḥ asmākam saṃśayam chettum
arhati amūḍhaḥ ciramūḍhānām lokatattvam ajānatām
6. bhavān evaṃvidhaḥ amūḍhaḥ asmākam ciramūḍhānām
lokatattvam ajānatām saṃśayam chettum arhati
6. You, being such a person and undeluded (amūḍha), ought to dispel our doubt, (the doubt) of those who have been long confused and do not know the true nature of the world.
ज्ञाने ह्येवं प्रवृत्तिः स्यात्कार्याकार्ये विजानतः ।
यत्कार्यं न व्यवस्यामस्तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥७॥
7. jñāne hyevaṁ pravṛttiḥ syātkāryākārye vijānataḥ ,
yatkāryaṁ na vyavasyāmastadbhavānvaktumarhati.
7. jñāne hi evam pravṛttiḥ syāt kāryākārye vijānataḥ
yat kāryam na vyavasyāmaḥ tat bhavān vaktum arhati
7. hi evaṃ pravṛttiḥ jñāne kāryākārye vijānataḥ syāt.
yat kāryam na vyavasyāmaḥ,
tat bhavān vaktum arhati.
7. Indeed, for one discerning what is right and wrong action (kāryākārye), a clear insight (pravṛtti) would arise through knowledge (jñāna). Therefore, that duty (kāryam) which we are unable to determine, you ought to explain.
भगवन्नाश्रमाः सर्वे पृथगाचारदर्शिनः ।
इदं श्रेय इदं श्रेय इति नानाप्रधाविताः ॥८॥
8. bhagavannāśramāḥ sarve pṛthagācāradarśinaḥ ,
idaṁ śreya idaṁ śreya iti nānāpradhāvitāḥ.
8. bhagavan āśramāḥ sarve pṛthak ācāradarśinaḥ
idam śreyaḥ idam śreyaḥ iti nānā pradhāvitāḥ
8. bhagavan,
sarve āśramāḥ pṛthak ācāradarśinaḥ,
"idam śreyaḥ,
idam śreyaḥ" iti nānā pradhāvitāḥ.
8. O Revered One (bhagavan), all the different stages of life (āśrama) have their own distinct customs and, thinking 'This is the supreme good! This is the supreme good!', they have pursued it in various ways.
तांस्तु विप्रस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा शास्त्रैः शास्त्राभिनन्दिनः ।
स्वशास्त्रैः परितुष्टांश्च श्रेयो नोपलभामहे ॥९॥
9. tāṁstu viprasthitāndṛṣṭvā śāstraiḥ śāstrābhinandinaḥ ,
svaśāstraiḥ parituṣṭāṁśca śreyo nopalabhāmahe.
9. tān tu viprasthitān dṛṣṭvā śāstraiḥ śāstrābhinandinaḥ
svaśāstraiḥ parituṣṭān ca śreyaḥ na upalabhāmahe
9. tu tān viprasthitān śāstraiḥ śāstrābhinandinaḥ svaśāstraiḥ
parituṣṭān ca dṛṣṭvā (vayam) śreyaḥ na upalabhāmahe
9. However, observing those who are deeply engaged and delight in their various doctrines, and are content with their own scriptures, we do not find the true ultimate good (śreyas).
शास्त्रं यदि भवेदेकं व्यक्तं श्रेयो भवेत्तदा ।
शास्त्रैश्च बहुभिर्भूयः श्रेयो गुह्यं प्रवेशितम् ॥१०॥
10. śāstraṁ yadi bhavedekaṁ vyaktaṁ śreyo bhavettadā ,
śāstraiśca bahubhirbhūyaḥ śreyo guhyaṁ praveśitam.
10. śāstram yadi bhavet ekam vyaktam śreyaḥ bhavet tadā |
śāstraiḥ ca bahubhiḥ bhūyaḥ śreyaḥ guhyam praveśitam
10. yadi śāstram ekam bhavet tadā śreyaḥ vyaktam bhavet ca
bahubhiḥ śāstraiḥ bhūyaḥ śreyaḥ guhyam praveśitam (asti)
10. If there were only one doctrine, then the ultimate good (śreyas) would be clearly manifest. However, by numerous doctrines, the ultimate good (śreyas) has been made further enigmatic.
एतस्मात्कारणाच्छ्रेयः कलिलं प्रतिभाति माम् ।
ब्रवीतु भगवांस्तन्मे उपसन्नोऽस्म्यधीहि भोः ॥११॥
11. etasmātkāraṇācchreyaḥ kalilaṁ pratibhāti mām ,
bravītu bhagavāṁstanme upasanno'smyadhīhi bhoḥ.
11. etasmāt kāraṇāt śreyaḥ kalilam pratibhāti mām |
bravītu bhagavān tat me upasannaḥ asmi adhīhi bhoḥ
11. etasmāt kāraṇāt śreyaḥ kalilam mām pratibhāti bhoḥ bhagavān tat me bravītu aham upasannaḥ asmi,
adhīhi
11. For this very reason, the ultimate good (śreyas) seems confusing to me. May the revered one (bhagavān) explain that to me. I have come to you as a student (upasanna); please instruct me, venerable one!
नारद उवाच ।
आश्रमास्तात चत्वारो यथासंकल्पिताः पृथक् ।
तान्सर्वाननुपश्य त्वं समाश्रित्यैव गालव ॥१२॥
12. nārada uvāca ,
āśramāstāta catvāro yathāsaṁkalpitāḥ pṛthak ,
tānsarvānanupaśya tvaṁ samāśrityaiva gālava.
12. nāradaḥ uvāca | āśramāḥ tāta catvāraḥ yathāsaṅkalpitāḥ
pṛthak | tān sarvān anupaśya tvam samāśritya eva gālava
12. tāta gālava,
nāradaḥ uvāca catvāraḥ āśramāḥ yathāsaṅkalpitāḥ pṛthak (santi) tvam samāśritya eva tān sarvān anupaśya
12. Nārada said: 'Dear son, the four stages of life (āśramas) are distinctly ordained as they are conceived. O Gālava, you should observe all of them by diligently following them yourself.'
तेषां तेषां तथा हि त्वमाश्रमाणां ततस्ततः ।
नानारूपगुणोद्देशं पश्य विप्रस्थितं पृथक् ।
नयन्ति चैव ते सम्यगभिप्रेतमसंशयम् ॥१३॥
13. teṣāṁ teṣāṁ tathā hi tvamāśramāṇāṁ tatastataḥ ,
nānārūpaguṇoddeśaṁ paśya viprasthitaṁ pṛthak ,
nayanti caiva te samyagabhipretamasaṁśayam.
13. teṣām teṣām tathā hi tvam āśramāṇām
tataḥ tataḥ nānārūpaguṇoddeśam
paśya viprasthitam pṛthak nayanti ca
eva te samyak abhipretam asaṃśayam
13. tvam hi tataḥ tataḥ teṣām teṣām
āśramāṇām nānārūpaguṇoddeśam pṛthak
viprasthitam paśya ca eva te
asaṃśayam abhipretam samyak nayanti
13. Indeed, you should observe how the various stages of life (āśramas), each with diverse forms, qualities, and specific objectives, are distinctly established in different places. And without doubt, these (stages of life) properly lead to the intended goal.
ऋजु पश्यंस्तथा सम्यगाश्रमाणां परां गतिम् ।
यत्तु निःश्रेयसं सम्यक्तच्चैवासंशयात्मकम् ॥१४॥
14. ṛju paśyaṁstathā samyagāśramāṇāṁ parāṁ gatim ,
yattu niḥśreyasaṁ samyaktaccaivāsaṁśayātmakam.
14. ṛju paśyan tathā samyak āśramāṇām parām gatim yat
tu niḥśreyasam samyak tat ca eva asaṃśayātmakam
14. paśyan ṛju tathā samyak āśramāṇām parām gatim yat
tu niḥśreyasam tat samyak ca eva asaṃśayātmakam
14. Observing directly and properly the supreme goal of the stages of life (āśramas), one understands that the ultimate good (niḥśreyasam) is itself, without a doubt, inherently certain.
अनुग्रहं च मित्राणाममित्राणां च निग्रहम् ।
संग्रहं च त्रिवर्गस्य श्रेय आहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१५॥
15. anugrahaṁ ca mitrāṇāmamitrāṇāṁ ca nigraham ,
saṁgrahaṁ ca trivargasya śreya āhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.
15. anugraham ca mitrāṇām amitrāṇām ca nigraham
saṃgraham ca trivargasya śreyaḥ āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
15. manīṣiṇaḥ mitrāṇām anugraham ca amitrāṇām
nigraham ca trivargasya saṃgraham ca śreyaḥ āhuḥ
15. The wise declare that showing favor to friends, restraining enemies, and fostering the three human pursuits (trivarga) lead to welfare (śreyas).
निवृत्तिः कर्मणः पापात्सततं पुण्यशीलता ।
सद्भिश्च समुदाचारः श्रेय एतदसंशयम् ॥१६॥
16. nivṛttiḥ karmaṇaḥ pāpātsatataṁ puṇyaśīlatā ,
sadbhiśca samudācāraḥ śreya etadasaṁśayam.
16. nivṛttiḥ karmaṇaḥ pāpāt satatam puṇyaśīlatā
sadbhiḥ ca samudācāraḥ śreyaḥ etat asaṃśayam
16. karmaṇaḥ pāpāt nivṛttiḥ satatam puṇyaśīlatā ca
sadbhiḥ ca samudācāraḥ etat asaṃśayam śreyaḥ
16. Abstaining from unrighteous action (karma), consistently upholding virtuous conduct, and maintaining proper behavior with the good – this, without a doubt, leads to welfare (śreyas).
मार्दवं सर्वभूतेषु व्यवहारेषु चार्जवम् ।
वाक्चैव मधुरा प्रोक्ता श्रेय एतदसंशयम् ॥१७॥
17. mārdavaṁ sarvabhūteṣu vyavahāreṣu cārjavam ,
vākcaiva madhurā proktā śreya etadasaṁśayam.
17. mārdavam sarvabhūteṣu vyavahāreṣu ca ārjavam
vāk ca eva madhurā proktā śreyaḥ etat asaṃśayam
17. sarvabhūteṣu mārdavam vyavahāreṣu ca ārjavam
vāk ca eva madhurā proktā etat asaṃśayam śreyaḥ
17. Gentleness towards all beings, straightforwardness in one's conduct, and indeed, sweet speech – this is undoubtedly the highest good.
देवताभ्यः पितृभ्यश्च संविभागोऽतिथिष्वपि ।
असंत्यागश्च भृत्यानां श्रेय एतदसंशयम् ॥१८॥
18. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaśca saṁvibhāgo'tithiṣvapi ,
asaṁtyāgaśca bhṛtyānāṁ śreya etadasaṁśayam.
18. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca saṃvibhāgaḥ atithiṣu
api asaṃtyāgaḥ ca bhṛtyānām śreyaḥ etat asaṃśayam
18. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca saṃvibhāgaḥ atithiṣu
api bhṛtyānām ca asaṃtyāgaḥ etat asaṃśayam śreyaḥ
18. Sharing one's provisions with deities and ancestors, and also with guests; and never abandoning one's dependants – this is undoubtedly the highest good.
सत्यस्य वचनं श्रेयः सत्यज्ञानं तु दुष्करम् ।
यद्भूतहितमत्यन्तमेतत्सत्यं ब्रवीम्यहम् ॥१९॥
19. satyasya vacanaṁ śreyaḥ satyajñānaṁ tu duṣkaram ,
yadbhūtahitamatyantametatsatyaṁ bravīmyaham.
19. satyasya vacanam śreyaḥ satyajñānam tu duṣkaram
yat bhūtahitam atyantam etat satyam bravīmi aham
19. satyasya vacanam śreyaḥ satyajñānam tu duṣkaram
yat atyantam bhūtahitam etat satyam aham bravīmi
19. Speaking the truth is indeed beneficial, but truly knowing the truth (satya) is difficult to achieve. I declare that truth to be that which is supremely beneficial to all beings.
अहंकारस्य च त्यागः प्रणयस्य च निग्रहः ।
संतोषश्चैकचर्या च कूटस्थं श्रेय उच्यते ॥२०॥
20. ahaṁkārasya ca tyāgaḥ praṇayasya ca nigrahaḥ ,
saṁtoṣaścaikacaryā ca kūṭasthaṁ śreya ucyate.
20. ahaṅkārasya ca tyāgaḥ praṇayasya ca nigrahaḥ
saṃtoṣaḥ ca ekacaryā ca kūṭastham śreyaḥ ucyate
20. ahaṅkārasya ca tyāgaḥ praṇayasya ca nigrahaḥ
saṃtoṣaḥ ca ekacaryā ca kūṭastham śreyaḥ ucyate
20. The abandonment of ego (ahaṅkāra), the restraint of attachment, and contentment, as well as a solitary way of life – these are declared to be the unchanging (kūṭastha) ultimate good (śreya).
धर्मेण वेदाध्ययनं वेदाङ्गानां तथैव च ।
विद्यार्थानां च जिज्ञासा श्रेय एतदसंशयम् ॥२१॥
21. dharmeṇa vedādhyayanaṁ vedāṅgānāṁ tathaiva ca ,
vidyārthānāṁ ca jijñāsā śreya etadasaṁśayam.
21. dharmeṇa vedādhyayanam vedāṅgānām tathaiva ca
vidyārthānām ca jijñāsā śreyaḥ etat asaṃśayam
21. dharmeṇa vedādhyayanam ca tathaiva vedāṅgānām
vidyārthānām ca jijñāsā etat asaṃśayam śreyaḥ
21. The study of the Vedas, and similarly of the Vedangas, when undertaken in accordance with natural law (dharma), and the earnest desire for knowledge (jijñāsā) among students - this is undoubtedly the ultimate good (śreyas).
शब्दरूपरसस्पर्शान्सह गन्धेन केवलान् ।
नात्यर्थमुपसेवेत श्रेयसोऽर्थी परंतप ॥२२॥
22. śabdarūparasasparśānsaha gandhena kevalān ,
nātyarthamupaseveta śreyaso'rthī paraṁtapa.
22. śabdarūparasasparśān saha gandhena kevalān na
atyartham upaseveta śreyasaḥ arthī paraṃtapa
22. paraṃtapa śreyasaḥ arthī śabdarūparasasparśān
kevalān gandhena saha na atyartham upaseveta
22. O tormentor of foes (paraṃtapa), one who seeks the ultimate good (śreyas) should not indulge excessively in mere sounds, forms, tastes, touches, and smells.
नक्तंचर्या दिवास्वप्नमालस्यं पैशुनं मदम् ।
अतियोगमयोगं च श्रेयसोऽर्थी परित्यजेत् ॥२३॥
23. naktaṁcaryā divāsvapnamālasyaṁ paiśunaṁ madam ,
atiyogamayogaṁ ca śreyaso'rthī parityajet.
23. naktaṃcaryā divāsvapnam ālasyam paiśunam madam
atiyogam ayogam ca śreyasaḥ arthī parityajet
23. śreyasaḥ arthī naktaṃcaryā divāsvapnam ālasyam
paiśunam madam ca atiyogam ayogam ca parityajet
23. One who seeks the ultimate good (śreyas) should abandon nocturnal activities, daytime sleep, laziness, backbiting, pride, and both excessive and insufficient effort (yoga).
कर्मोत्कर्षं न मार्गेत परेषां परिनिन्दया ।
स्वगुणैरेव मार्गेत विप्रकर्षं पृथग्जनात् ॥२४॥
24. karmotkarṣaṁ na mārgeta pareṣāṁ parinindayā ,
svaguṇaireva mārgeta viprakarṣaṁ pṛthagjanāt.
24. karmotkarṣam na mārgeta pareṣām parinindayā
svaguṇaiḥ eva mārgeta viprakarṣam pṛthagjanāt
24. pareṣām parinindayā karmotkarṣam na mārgeta.
svaguṇaiḥ eva pṛthagjanāt viprakarṣam mārgeta.
24. One should not strive for superior performance (karma) by severely criticizing others. Rather, one should attain distinction from ordinary people only through one's own inherent qualities.
निर्गुणास्त्वेव भूयिष्ठमात्मसंभाविनो नराः ।
दोषैरन्यान्गुणवतः क्षिपन्त्यात्मगुणक्षयात् ॥२५॥
25. nirguṇāstveva bhūyiṣṭhamātmasaṁbhāvino narāḥ ,
doṣairanyānguṇavataḥ kṣipantyātmaguṇakṣayāt.
25. nirguṇāḥ tu eva bhūyiṣṭham ātmasaṃbhāvinaḥ narāḥ
doṣaiḥ anyān guṇavataḥ kṣipanti ātmaguṇakṣayāt
25. narāḥ ātmasaṃbhāvinaḥ tu eva bhūyiṣṭham nirguṇāḥ
ātmaguṇakṣayāt doṣaiḥ guṇavataḥ anyān kṣipanti
25. People who are self-conceited and largely devoid of good qualities tend to criticize virtuous individuals by attributing faults to them, stemming from the erosion of their own virtues (ātman-guṇa).
अनुच्यमानाश्च पुनस्ते मन्यन्ते महाजनात् ।
गुणवत्तरमात्मानं स्वेन मानेन दर्पिताः ॥२६॥
26. anucyamānāśca punaste manyante mahājanāt ,
guṇavattaramātmānaṁ svena mānena darpitāḥ.
26. anucyamānāḥ ca punaḥ te manyante mahājanāt
guṇavattaram ātmānam svena mānena darpitāḥ
26. punaḥ ca anucyamānāḥ svena mānena darpitāḥ
te mahājanāt ātmānam guṇavattaram manyante
26. Furthermore, when they are not addressed or acknowledged, those who are puffed up by their own self-importance (māna) consider themselves more virtuous than truly great people (mahājana).
अब्रुवन्कस्यचिन्निन्दामात्मपूजामवर्णयन् ।
विपश्चिद्गुणसंपन्नः प्राप्नोत्येव महद्यशः ॥२७॥
27. abruvankasyacinnindāmātmapūjāmavarṇayan ,
vipaścidguṇasaṁpannaḥ prāpnotyeva mahadyaśaḥ.
27. abruvan kasyacit nindām ātmapūjām avarṇayan
vipaścit guṇasaṃpannaḥ prāpnoti eva mahat yaśaḥ
27. kasyacit nindām abruvan ātmapūjām avarṇayan
guṇasaṃpannaḥ vipaścit mahat yaśaḥ eva prāpnoti
27. A wise (vipaścit) person, endowed with virtues, who does not speak ill of anyone nor indulges in self-praise, indeed attains great renown.
अब्रुवन्वाति सुरभिर्गन्धः सुमनसां शुचिः ।
तथैवाव्याहरन्भाति विमलो भानुरम्बरे ॥२८॥
28. abruvanvāti surabhirgandhaḥ sumanasāṁ śuciḥ ,
tathaivāvyāharanbhāti vimalo bhānurambare.
28. abruvan vāti surabhiḥ gandhaḥ sumanasām śuciḥ
tathā eva avyāharan bhāti vimalaḥ bhānuḥ ambare
28. surabhiḥ śuciḥ sumanasām gandhaḥ abruvan vāti
tathā eva vimalaḥ bhānuḥ ambare avyāharan bhāti
28. The pure and fragrant scent of flowers spreads without being proclaimed. Similarly, the spotless sun (bhānu) shines in the sky (ambara) without uttering a word.
एवमादीनि चान्यानि परित्यक्तानि मेधया ।
ज्वलन्ति यशसा लोके यानि न व्याहरन्ति च ॥२९॥
29. evamādīni cānyāni parityaktāni medhayā ,
jvalanti yaśasā loke yāni na vyāharanti ca.
29. evamādīni ca anyāni parityaktāni medhayā
jvalanti yaśasā loke yāni na vyāharanti ca
29. medhayā parityaktāni evamādīni anyāni ca
yāni na vyāharanti ca loke yaśasā jvalanti
29. Even these and similar things, though discarded by wisdom (medhā), still shine brightly with renown in the world, even those that do not speak (for themselves).
न लोके दीप्यते मूर्खः केवलात्मप्रशंसया ।
अपि चापिहितः श्वभ्रे कृतविद्यः प्रकाशते ॥३०॥
30. na loke dīpyate mūrkhaḥ kevalātmapraśaṁsayā ,
api cāpihitaḥ śvabhre kṛtavidyaḥ prakāśate.
30. na loke dīpyate mūrkhaḥ kevalātmapraśaṃsayā
api ca apihitaḥ śvabhre kṛtavidyaḥ prakāśate
30. mūrkhaḥ kevalātmapraśaṃsayā loke na dīpyate
kṛtavidyaḥ śvabhre api apihitaḥ ca prakāśate
30. A foolish person (mūrkha) does not shine in the world merely through self-praise. Yet, a learned person (kṛtavidya), even when hidden in a pit, radiates brightly.
असन्नुच्चैरपि प्रोक्तः शब्दः समुपशाम्यति ।
दीप्यते त्वेव लोकेषु शनैरपि सुभाषितम् ॥३१॥
31. asannuccairapi proktaḥ śabdaḥ samupaśāmyati ,
dīpyate tveva lokeṣu śanairapi subhāṣitam.
31. asat uccaiḥ api proktaḥ śabdaḥ samupaśāmyati
dīpyate tu eva lokeṣu śanaiḥ api subhāṣitam
31. asat śabdaḥ uccaiḥ api proktaḥ samupaśāmyati
subhāṣitam tu eva śanaiḥ api lokeṣu dīpyate
31. A word (śabda), though spoken loudly, if it is without substance (asat), eventually fades away. But a wise saying (subhāṣita), even if uttered softly, shines brightly among people.
मूढानामवलिप्तानामसारं भाषितं बहु ।
दर्शयत्यन्तरात्मानं दिवा रूपमिवांशुमान् ॥३२॥
32. mūḍhānāmavaliptānāmasāraṁ bhāṣitaṁ bahu ,
darśayatyantarātmānaṁ divā rūpamivāṁśumān.
32. mūḍhānām avaliptānām asāram bhāṣitam bahu
darśayati antarātmanam divā rūpam iva aṃśumān
32. mūḍhānām avaliptānām bahu bhāṣitam asāram
aṃśumān divā rūpam iva antarātmanam darśayati
32. The extensive speech of the foolish (mūḍha) and the arrogant (avalipta) is devoid of substance. (In contrast, wisdom) reveals the inner self (antarātman), just as the sun (aṃśumān) reveals forms during the day.
एतस्मात्कारणात्प्रज्ञां मृगयन्ते पृथग्विधाम् ।
प्रज्ञालाभो हि भूतानामुत्तमः प्रतिभाति माम् ॥३३॥
33. etasmātkāraṇātprajñāṁ mṛgayante pṛthagvidhām ,
prajñālābho hi bhūtānāmuttamaḥ pratibhāti mām.
33. etasmāt kāraṇāt prajñām mṛgayante pṛthagvidhām
prajñālābhaḥ hi bhūtānām uttamaḥ pratibhāti mām
33. etasmāt kāraṇāt pṛthagvidhām prajñām mṛgayante.
hi bhūtānām prajñālābhaḥ uttamaḥ mām pratibhāti.
33. For this very reason, people seek diverse forms of wisdom. Indeed, the acquisition of wisdom appears to me to be the supreme good for all beings.
नापृष्टः कस्यचिद्ब्रूयान्न चान्यायेन पृच्छतः ।
ज्ञानवानपि मेधावी जडवल्लोकमाचरेत् ॥३४॥
34. nāpṛṣṭaḥ kasyacidbrūyānna cānyāyena pṛcchataḥ ,
jñānavānapi medhāvī jaḍavallokamācaret.
34. na apṛṣṭaḥ kasyacit brūyāt na ca anyāyena
pṛcchataḥ jñānavān api medhāvī jaḍavat lokam ācaret
34. apṛṣṭaḥ kasyacit na brūyāt.
ca anyāyena pṛcchataḥ na (brūyāt).
jñānavān api medhāvī (saḥ) jaḍavat lokam ācaret.
34. One should not speak to anyone without being asked, nor should one respond to someone who asks a question unjustly. Even if a person is knowledgeable and intelligent, they should behave in the world as if they were dull-witted.
ततो वासं परीक्षेत धर्मनित्येषु साधुषु ।
मनुष्येषु वदान्येषु स्वधर्मनिरतेषु च ॥३५॥
35. tato vāsaṁ parīkṣeta dharmanityeṣu sādhuṣu ,
manuṣyeṣu vadānyeṣu svadharmanirateṣu ca.
35. tataḥ vāsam parīkṣeta dharmanityeṣu sādhuṣu
manuṣyeṣu vadānyeṣu svadharmanirateṣu ca
35. tataḥ dharmanityeṣu sādhuṣu,
vadānyeṣu manuṣyeṣu ca svadharmanirateṣu (janaṣu) vāsam parīkṣeta.
35. Thereafter, one should carefully choose to reside among virtuous people who are consistently devoted to the natural law (dharma), among generous individuals, and among those diligently adhering to their own intrinsic nature (sva-dharma).
चतुर्णां यत्र वर्णानां धर्मव्यतिकरो भवेत् ।
न तत्र वासं कुर्वीत श्रेयोर्थी वै कथंचन ॥३६॥
36. caturṇāṁ yatra varṇānāṁ dharmavyatikaro bhavet ,
na tatra vāsaṁ kurvīta śreyorthī vai kathaṁcana.
36. caturṇām yatra varṇānām dharmavyatikaraḥ bhavet
na tatra vāsam kurvīta śreyo'rthī vai kathaṃcana
36. yatra caturṇām varṇānām dharmavyatikaraḥ bhavet,
tatra śreyo'rthī vai kathaṃcana vāsam na kurvīta.
36. Wherever there is a transgression of the natural law (dharma) among the four social classes, one who seeks welfare should certainly never reside there by any means.
निरारम्भोऽप्ययमिह यथालब्धोपजीवनः ।
पुण्यं पुण्येषु विमलं पापं पापेषु चाप्नुयात् ॥३७॥
37. nirārambho'pyayamiha yathālabdhopajīvanaḥ ,
puṇyaṁ puṇyeṣu vimalaṁ pāpaṁ pāpeṣu cāpnuyāt.
37. nirārambhaḥ api ayam iha yathālabdhopajīvanaḥ
puṇyam puṇyeṣu vimalam pāpam pāpeṣu ca āpnuyāt
37. ayam iha nirārambhaḥ api yathālabdhopajīvanaḥ
puṇyam puṇyeṣu vimalam pāpam pāpeṣu ca āpnuyāt
37. Even this person, who undertakes no (new) actions and lives upon whatever he obtains, will acquire pure merit through meritorious deeds and sin through sinful deeds (karma).
अपामग्नेस्तथेन्दोश्च स्पर्शं वेदयते यथा ।
तथा पश्यामहे स्पर्शमुभयोः पापपुण्ययोः ॥३८॥
38. apāmagnestathendośca sparśaṁ vedayate yathā ,
tathā paśyāmahe sparśamubhayoḥ pāpapuṇyayoḥ.
38. apām agneḥ tathā indoḥ ca sparśam vedayate yathā
tathā paśyāmahe sparśam ubhayoḥ pāpapuṇyayoḥ
38. yathā apām agneḥ indoḥ ca sparśam vedayate
tathā ubhayoḥ pāpapuṇyayoḥ sparśam paśyāmahe
38. Just as one experiences the touch of water, fire, and the moon, similarly we perceive the effect (sparśa) of both sin and merit (karma).
अपश्यन्तोऽन्नविषयं भुञ्जते विघसाशिनः ।
भुञ्जानं चान्नविषयान्विषयं विद्धि कर्मणाम् ॥३९॥
39. apaśyanto'nnaviṣayaṁ bhuñjate vighasāśinaḥ ,
bhuñjānaṁ cānnaviṣayānviṣayaṁ viddhi karmaṇām.
39. apaśyantaḥ annaviṣayam bhuñjate vighasāśinaḥ
bhuñjānam ca annaviṣayān viṣayam viddhi karmaṇām
39. vighasāśinaḥ annaviṣayam apaśyantaḥ bhuñjate ca
annaviṣayān bhuñjānam viṣayam karmaṇām viddhi
39. Those who subsist on remnants eat without attachment to food. But understand that partaking in the objects of food is indeed the domain of actions (karma).
यत्रागमयमानानामसत्कारेण पृच्छताम् ।
प्रब्रूयाद्ब्रह्मणो धर्मं त्यजेत्तं देशमात्मवान् ॥४०॥
40. yatrāgamayamānānāmasatkāreṇa pṛcchatām ,
prabrūyādbrahmaṇo dharmaṁ tyajettaṁ deśamātmavān.
40. yatra āgamayamānānām asatkāreṇa pṛcchatām prabrūyāt
brahmaṇaḥ dharmam tyajet tam deśam ātmavān
40. yatra āgamayamānānām pṛcchatām asatkāreṇa brahmaṇaḥ
dharmam prabrūyāt ātmavān tam deśam tyajet
40. Wherever one disrespectfully declares the natural law (dharma) concerning Brahman to those who have approached seeking knowledge and are asking, a self-possessed person (ātman) should abandon that place.
शिष्योपाध्यायिका वृत्तिर्यत्र स्यात्सुसमाहिता ।
यथावच्छास्त्रसंपन्ना कस्तं देशं परित्यजेत् ॥४१॥
41. śiṣyopādhyāyikā vṛttiryatra syātsusamāhitā ,
yathāvacchāstrasaṁpannā kastaṁ deśaṁ parityajet.
41. śiṣyopādhyāyikā vṛttiḥ yatra syāt susamāhitā
yathāvat śāstrasampannā kaḥ tam deśam parityajet
41. kaḥ tam deśam parityajet yatra śiṣyopādhyāyikā
vṛttiḥ susamāhitā yathāvat śāstrasampannā syāt
41. Who would abandon a land where the student-teacher relationship is well-balanced and properly established according to scriptural knowledge?
आकाशस्था ध्रुवं यत्र दोषं ब्रूयुर्विपश्चिताम् ।
आत्मपूजाभिकामा वै को वसेत्तत्र पण्डितः ॥४२॥
42. ākāśasthā dhruvaṁ yatra doṣaṁ brūyurvipaścitām ,
ātmapūjābhikāmā vai ko vasettatra paṇḍitaḥ.
42. ākāśasthā dhruvam yatra doṣam brūyuḥ vipascitām
ātmapūjābhikāmā vai kaḥ vaset tatra paṇḍitaḥ
42. kaḥ paṇḍitaḥ vaset tatra yatra ākāśasthā dhruvam
ātmapūjābhikāmā vai vipascitām doṣam brūyuḥ
42. What wise person (paṇḍita) would indeed dwell in a place where those in positions of authority constantly find fault with the learned, being eager for their own self-aggrandizement?
यत्र संलोडिता लुब्धैः प्रायशो धर्मसेतवः ।
प्रदीप्तमिव शैलान्तं कस्तं देशं न संत्यजेत् ॥४३॥
43. yatra saṁloḍitā lubdhaiḥ prāyaśo dharmasetavaḥ ,
pradīptamiva śailāntaṁ kastaṁ deśaṁ na saṁtyajet.
43. yatra saṃloḍitā lubdhaiḥ prāyaśaḥ dharmasetavaḥ
pradīptam iva śailāntam kaḥ tam deśam na saṃtyajet
43. kaḥ tam deśam na saṃtyajet yatra lubdhaiḥ prāyaśaḥ dharmasetavaḥ saṃloḍitā,
pradīptam iva śailāntam
43. Where the principles of (natural) law (dharma) are mostly shattered by greedy individuals, who would not abandon such a land, which resembles a burning mountainside?
यत्र धर्ममनाशङ्काश्चरेयुर्वीतमत्सराः ।
चरेत्तत्र वसेच्चैव पुण्यशीलेषु साधुषु ॥४४॥
44. yatra dharmamanāśaṅkāścareyurvītamatsarāḥ ,
carettatra vaseccaiva puṇyaśīleṣu sādhuṣu.
44. yatra dharmam anāśaṅkāḥ careyuḥ vītamatsarāḥ
caret tatra vaset ca eva puṇyaśīleṣu sādhūṣu
44. caret tatra vaset ca eva puṇyaśīleṣu sādhūṣu
yatra anāśaṅkāḥ vītamatsarāḥ dharmam careyuḥ
44. One should indeed reside and move about among virtuous and upright people where individuals, free from doubt and envy, diligently follow the natural law (dharma).
धर्ममर्थनिमित्तं तु चरेयुर्यत्र मानवाः ।
न ताननुवसेज्जातु ते हि पापकृतो जनाः ॥४५॥
45. dharmamarthanimittaṁ tu careyuryatra mānavāḥ ,
na tānanuvasejjātu te hi pāpakṛto janāḥ.
45. dharmam arthanimittam tu careyuḥ yatra mānavāḥ
| na tān anuvaset jātu te hi pāpakṛtaḥ janāḥ
45. yatra mānavāḥ dharmam arthanimittam tu careyuḥ
tān jātu na anuvaset hi te pāpakṛtaḥ janāḥ
45. Where people follow righteous conduct (dharma) merely for the sake of material gain, one should never reside near them, for they are indeed sinful individuals.
कर्मणा यत्र पापेन वर्तन्ते जीवितेस्पवः ।
व्यवधावेत्ततस्तूर्णं ससर्पाच्छरणादिव ॥४६॥
46. karmaṇā yatra pāpena vartante jīvitespavaḥ ,
vyavadhāvettatastūrṇaṁ sasarpāccharaṇādiva.
46. karmaṇā yatra pāpena vartante jīvitepsavaḥ |
vyavadhāvet tataḥ tūrṇam sasarpāt śaraṇāt iva
46. yatra jīvitepsavaḥ pāpena karmaṇā vartante,
tataḥ tūrṇam vyavadhāvet,
sasarpāt śaraṇāt iva.
46. Where those who cling to life (jīvitepsavaḥ) engage in sinful actions (karma), one should swiftly flee from that place, just as one would from a snake-infested dwelling.
येन खट्वां समारूढः कर्मणानुशयी भवेत् ।
आदितस्तन्न कर्तव्यमिच्छता भवमात्मनः ॥४७॥
47. yena khaṭvāṁ samārūḍhaḥ karmaṇānuśayī bhavet ,
āditastanna kartavyamicchatā bhavamātmanaḥ.
47. yena khaṭvām samārūḍhaḥ karmaṇā anuśayī bhavet
| āditaḥ tat na kartavyam icchatā bhavam ātmanaḥ
47. yena karmaṇā (kaścid) khaṭvām samārūḍhaḥ anuśayī bhavet,
tat (karma) āditaḥ na kartavyam,
ātmanaḥ bhavam icchatā (puruṣeṇa).
47. An action (karma) that would lead one to become bedridden should never be undertaken from the very beginning by someone who desires their own well-being (ātman).
यत्र राजा च राज्ञश्च पुरुषाः प्रत्यनन्तराः ।
कुटुम्बिनामग्रभुजस्त्यजेत्तद्राष्ट्रमात्मवान् ॥४८॥
48. yatra rājā ca rājñaśca puruṣāḥ pratyanantarāḥ ,
kuṭumbināmagrabhujastyajettadrāṣṭramātmavān.
48. yatra rājā ca rājñaḥ ca puruṣāḥ pratyanantarāḥ |
kuṭumbinām agrabhujaḥ tyajet tat rāṣṭram ātmanvān
48. yatra rājā ca rājñaḥ puruṣāḥ ca pratyanantarāḥ kuṭumbinām agrabhujaḥ (bhavanti),
(tasmāt) ātmanvān tat rāṣṭram tyajet.
48. Where the king and his immediate officials seize the primary resources from householders, a person of self-control (ātman) should abandon that kingdom.
श्रोत्रियास्त्वग्रभोक्तारो धर्मनित्याः सनातनाः ।
याजनाध्यापने युक्ता यत्र तद्राष्ट्रमावसेत् ॥४९॥
49. śrotriyāstvagrabhoktāro dharmanityāḥ sanātanāḥ ,
yājanādhyāpane yuktā yatra tadrāṣṭramāvaset.
49. śrotriyāḥ tu agrabhoktāraḥ dharmanityāḥ sanātanāḥ
yājanādhyāpane yuktāḥ yatra tat rāṣṭram āvaset
49. yatra śrotriyāḥ tu agrabhoktāraḥ dharmanityāḥ sanātanāḥ yājanādhyāpane yuktāḥ,
tat rāṣṭram āvaset
49. One should reside in that country where Brahmins learned in the Vedas (śrotriyāḥ) are considered the foremost recipients (of honor/offerings), who are perpetually committed to natural law (dharma), steadfastly adhere to timeless traditions, and are engaged in performing Vedic rituals (yajana) and teaching.
स्वाहास्वधावषट्कारा यत्र सम्यगनुष्ठिताः ।
अजस्रं चैव वर्तन्ते वसेत्तत्राविचारयन् ॥५०॥
50. svāhāsvadhāvaṣaṭkārā yatra samyaganuṣṭhitāḥ ,
ajasraṁ caiva vartante vasettatrāvicārayan.
50. svāhāsvadhāvaṣaṭkārāḥ yatra samyak anuṣṭhitāḥ
ajasram ca eva vartante vaset tatra avicārayan
50. yatra svāhāsvadhāvaṣaṭkārāḥ samyak anuṣṭhitāḥ ca eva ajasram vartante,
tatra avicārayan vaset
50. One should reside there without hesitation, in a country where the sacred utterances of Svāhā, Svadhā, and Vaṣaṭ, essential for Vedic rituals, are properly and constantly performed.
अशुचीन्यत्र पश्येत ब्राह्मणान्वृत्तिकर्शितान् ।
त्यजेत्तद्राष्ट्रमासन्नमुपसृष्टमिवामिषम् ॥५१॥
51. aśucīnyatra paśyeta brāhmaṇānvṛttikarśitān ,
tyajettadrāṣṭramāsannamupasṛṣṭamivāmiṣam.
51. aśucīn yatra paśyet brāhmaṇān vṛttikarśitān
tyajet tat rāṣṭram āsannam upasṛṣṭam iva āmiṣam
51. yatra aśucīn vṛttikarśitān brāhmaṇān paśyet,
tat āsannam rāṣṭram upasṛṣṭam āmiṣam iva tyajet
51. Where one observes Brahmins who are impure (aśucīn) and afflicted by a lack of livelihood, one should abandon that country, just as one would abandon nearby meat that has been defiled.
प्रीयमाणा नरा यत्र प्रयच्छेयुरयाचिताः ।
स्वस्थचित्तो वसेत्तत्र कृतकृत्य इवात्मवान् ॥५२॥
52. prīyamāṇā narā yatra prayaccheyurayācitāḥ ,
svasthacitto vasettatra kṛtakṛtya ivātmavān.
52. prīyamāṇāḥ narāḥ yatra prayaccheyuḥ ayācitāḥ
svasthacittaḥ vaset tatra kṛtakṛtyaḥ iva ātmavān
52. yatra prīyamāṇāḥ narāḥ ayācitāḥ prayaccheyuḥ,
tatra svasthacittaḥ ātmavān kṛtakṛtyaḥ iva vaset
52. One should reside with a calm mind in a place where people, being content, give things without being asked, feeling as fulfilled as one who is self-possessed (ātman) and has accomplished all duties.
दण्डो यत्राविनीतेषु सत्कारश्च कृतात्मसु ।
चरेत्तत्र वसेच्चैव पुण्यशीलेषु साधुषु ॥५३॥
53. daṇḍo yatrāvinīteṣu satkāraśca kṛtātmasu ,
carettatra vaseccaiva puṇyaśīleṣu sādhuṣu.
53. daṇḍaḥ yatra avinīteṣu satkāraḥ ca kṛtātmasu
caret tatra vaset ca eva puṇyaśīleṣu sādhuṣu
53. yatra avinīteṣu daṇḍaḥ ca kṛtātmasu satkāraḥ
tatra eva puṇyaśīleṣu sādhuṣu caret vaset
53. One should reside and conduct oneself in a place where the undisciplined are punished, the disciplined are honored, and virtuous, righteous people dwell.
उपसृष्टेष्वदान्तेषु दुराचारेष्वसाधुषु ।
अविनीतेषु लुब्धेषु सुमहद्दण्डधारणम् ॥५४॥
54. upasṛṣṭeṣvadānteṣu durācāreṣvasādhuṣu ,
avinīteṣu lubdheṣu sumahaddaṇḍadhāraṇam.
54. upasṛṣṭeṣu adānteṣu durācāreṣu asādhuṣu
avinīteṣu lubdheṣu sumahat daṇḍadhāraṇam
54. upasṛṣṭeṣu adānteṣu durācāreṣu asādhuṣu
avinīteṣu lubdheṣu sumahat daṇḍadhāraṇam
54. Wielding a very severe punishment is appropriate for those who are afflicted (by vices), uncontrolled, of bad conduct, unrighteous, undisciplined, and greedy.
यत्र राजा धर्मनित्यो राज्यं वै पर्युपासिता ।
अपास्य कामान्कामेशो वसेत्तत्राविचारयन् ॥५५॥
55. yatra rājā dharmanityo rājyaṁ vai paryupāsitā ,
apāsya kāmānkāmeśo vasettatrāvicārayan.
55. yatra rājā dharmanityaḥ rājyam vai paryupāsitā
apāsya kāmān kāmeśaḥ vaset tatra avicārayan
55. yatra rājā dharmanityaḥ vai rājyam paryupāsitā
saḥ kāmān apāsya kāmeśaḥ tatra avicārayan vaset
55. One should dwell there without hesitation, casting aside all desires (kāma) and being a master of one's own desires, where the king is perpetually devoted to natural law (dharma) and the realm is properly administered.
तथाशीला हि राजानः सर्वान्विषयवासिनः ।
श्रेयसा योजयन्त्याशु श्रेयसि प्रत्युपस्थिते ॥५६॥
56. tathāśīlā hi rājānaḥ sarvānviṣayavāsinaḥ ,
śreyasā yojayantyāśu śreyasi pratyupasthite.
56. tathāśīlāḥ hi rājānaḥ sarvān viṣayavāsinaḥ
śreyasā yojayanti āśu śreyasi pratyupasthite
56. hi tathāśīlāḥ rājānaḥ śreyasi pratyupasthite
sarvān viṣayavāsinaḥ āśu śreyasā yojayanti
56. For kings of such a character (as described above) swiftly connect all the inhabitants of their realm with prosperity when that prosperity is at hand.
पृच्छतस्ते मया तात श्रेय एतदुदाहृतम् ।
न हि शक्यं प्रधानेन श्रेयः संख्यातुमात्मनः ॥५७॥
57. pṛcchataste mayā tāta śreya etadudāhṛtam ,
na hi śakyaṁ pradhānena śreyaḥ saṁkhyātumātmanaḥ.
57. pṛcchataḥ te mayā tāta śreyaḥ etat udāhṛtam na
hi śakyam pradhānena śreyaḥ saṃkhyātum ātmanaḥ
57. tāta,
te pṛcchataḥ mayā etat śreyaḥ udāhṛtam.
pradhānena ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ saṃkhyātum na hi śakyam.
57. O dear one, I have explained this path to the supreme good (śreyas) to you who are asking. Indeed, it is not possible to fully comprehend the ultimate good (śreyas) of the self (ātman) through conventional means.
एवं प्रवर्तमानस्य वृत्तिं प्रणिहितात्मनः ।
तपसैवेह बहुलं श्रेयो व्यक्तं भविष्यति ॥५८॥
58. evaṁ pravartamānasya vṛttiṁ praṇihitātmanaḥ ,
tapasaiveha bahulaṁ śreyo vyaktaṁ bhaviṣyati.
58. evam pravartamānasya vṛttim praṇihitātmanaḥ
tapasā eva iha bahulam śreyaḥ vyaktam bhaviṣyati
58. evam pravartamānasya praṇihitātmanaḥ vṛttim (janaṃ prati),
iha tapasā eva bahulam śreyaḥ vyaktam bhaviṣyati.
58. For a person whose way of life is thus, and whose inner self (ātman) is disciplined, here in this world, abundant supreme good (śreyas) will certainly become manifest through spiritual discipline (tapas) alone.