Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-159

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
अर्जुन उवाच ।
कारणं ब्रूहि गन्धर्व किं तद्येन स्म धर्षिताः ।
यान्तो ब्रह्मविदः सन्तः सर्वे रात्रावरिंदम ॥१॥
1. arjuna uvāca ,
kāraṇaṁ brūhi gandharva kiṁ tadyena sma dharṣitāḥ ,
yānto brahmavidaḥ santaḥ sarve rātrāvariṁdama.
1. arjunaḥ uvāca | kāraṇam brūhi gandharva kim tat yena sma
dharṣitāḥ | yāntaḥ brahmavidaḥ santaḥ sarve rātrau arimdam
1. Arjuna said, "O Gandharva, O subduer of enemies (arimdam), tell me the reason why all of us, virtuous ones and knowers of Brahman (brahman), were humiliated in this way while traveling at night."
गन्धर्व उवाच ।
अनग्नयोऽनाहुतयो न च विप्रपुरस्कृताः ।
यूयं ततो धर्षिताः स्थ मया पाण्डवनन्दन ॥२॥
2. gandharva uvāca ,
anagnayo'nāhutayo na ca viprapuraskṛtāḥ ,
yūyaṁ tato dharṣitāḥ stha mayā pāṇḍavanandana.
2. gandharvaḥ uvāca | anagnayaḥ anāhutayaḥ na ca viprapuraskṛtāḥ
| yūyam tataḥ dharṣitāḥ stha mayā pāṇḍavanandana
2. The Gandharva said, "Since you all were without sacred fires, without performing oblations, and not led by Brahmins, you were therefore humiliated by me, O delight of the Pāṇḍavas."
यक्षराक्षसगन्धर्वाः पिशाचोरगमानवाः ।
विस्तरं कुरुवंशस्य श्रीमतः कथयन्ति ते ॥३॥
3. yakṣarākṣasagandharvāḥ piśācoragamānavāḥ ,
vistaraṁ kuruvaṁśasya śrīmataḥ kathayanti te.
3. yakṣarākṣasagandharvāḥ piśācoragamānavāḥ |
vistaram kuruvaṃśasya śrīmataḥ kathayanti te
3. The Yakshas, Rakshasas, Gandharvas, Pishachas, serpents (uraga), and humans - they all narrate the extensive history of the glorious Kuru dynasty.
नारदप्रभृतीनां च देवर्षीणां मया श्रुतम् ।
गुणान्कथयतां वीर पूर्वेषां तव धीमताम् ॥४॥
4. nāradaprabhṛtīnāṁ ca devarṣīṇāṁ mayā śrutam ,
guṇānkathayatāṁ vīra pūrveṣāṁ tava dhīmatām.
4. nāradaprabhṛtīnām ca devarṣīṇām mayā śrutam |
guṇān kathayatām vīra pūrveṣām tava dhīmatām
4. O hero (vīra), I have heard from divine sages (devarṣīṇām) like Nārada and others, who were recounting the virtues of your wise ancestors.
स्वयं चापि मया दृष्टश्चरता सागराम्बराम् ।
इमां वसुमतीं कृत्स्नां प्रभावः स्वकुलस्य ते ॥५॥
5. svayaṁ cāpi mayā dṛṣṭaścaratā sāgarāmbarām ,
imāṁ vasumatīṁ kṛtsnāṁ prabhāvaḥ svakulasya te.
5. svayam ca api mayā dṛṣṭaḥ caratā sāgarāmbarām
imām vasumatīm kṛtsnām prabhāvaḥ svakulasya te
5. And I myself, while traversing this entire earth, which is bordered by the oceans, have personally witnessed the immense power (prabhāva) of your lineage (kula).
वेदे धनुषि चाचार्यमभिजानामि तेऽर्जुन ।
विश्रुतं त्रिषु लोकेषु भारद्वाजं यशस्विनम् ॥६॥
6. vede dhanuṣi cācāryamabhijānāmi te'rjuna ,
viśrutaṁ triṣu lokeṣu bhāradvājaṁ yaśasvinam.
6. vede dhanuṣi ca ācāryam abhijānāmi te arjuna
viśrutam triṣu lokeṣu bhāradvājaṃ yaśasvinam
6. O Arjuna, I recognize your teacher, the glorious Bhāradvāja (Drona), who is famous throughout the three worlds for his mastery of both the Vedas and archery.
धर्मं वायुं च शक्रं च विजानाम्यश्विनौ तथा ।
पाण्डुं च कुरुशार्दूल षडेतान्कुलवर्धनान् ।
पितॄनेतानहं पार्थ देवमानुषसत्तमान् ॥७॥
7. dharmaṁ vāyuṁ ca śakraṁ ca vijānāmyaśvinau tathā ,
pāṇḍuṁ ca kuruśārdūla ṣaḍetānkulavardhanān ,
pitṝnetānahaṁ pārtha devamānuṣasattamān.
7. dharmam vāyum ca śakram ca vijānāmi
aśvinau tathā pāṇḍum ca kuruśārdūla
ṣaṭ etān kulavardhanān pitṝn
etān aham pārtha devamānuṣasattamān
7. O tiger among the Kurus (kuruśārdūla), O Pārtha, I recognize these six - Dharma, Vāyu, Śakra, the two Aśvins, and Pāṇḍu - as the fathers (pitṝn) who expand your lineage (kula) and are the foremost among gods and men.
दिव्यात्मानो महात्मानः सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वराः ।
भवन्तो भ्रातरः शूराः सर्वे सुचरितव्रताः ॥८॥
8. divyātmāno mahātmānaḥ sarvaśastrabhṛtāṁ varāḥ ,
bhavanto bhrātaraḥ śūrāḥ sarve sucaritavratāḥ.
8. divyātmānaḥ mahātmānaḥ sarvaśastrabhṛtām varāḥ
bhavantaḥ bhrātaraḥ śūrāḥ sarve sucaritavratāḥ
8. You, my brothers, are all brave heroes, possessing divine natures (divyātman) and noble souls (mahātman), the best among all who bear weapons, and steadfast in your excellent vows.
उत्तमां तु मनोबुद्धिं भवतां भावितात्मनाम् ।
जानन्नपि च वः पार्थ कृतवानिह धर्षणाम् ॥९॥
9. uttamāṁ tu manobuddhiṁ bhavatāṁ bhāvitātmanām ,
jānannapi ca vaḥ pārtha kṛtavāniha dharṣaṇām.
9. uttamām tu manobuddhim bhavatām bhāvitātmanām
jānan api ca vaḥ pārtha kṛtavān iha dharṣaṇām
9. But, O Pārtha, even though I knew your excellent intellect and pure mind (manobuddhi) - you whose selves (ātman) are cultivated - I have, in this situation, committed an offense against you.
स्त्रीसकाशे च कौरव्य न पुमान्क्षन्तुमर्हति ।
धर्षणामात्मनः पश्यन्बाहुद्रविणमाश्रितः ॥१०॥
10. strīsakāśe ca kauravya na pumānkṣantumarhati ,
dharṣaṇāmātmanaḥ paśyanbāhudraviṇamāśritaḥ.
10. strī-sakāśe ca kāuravya na pumān kṣantum arhati
dharṣaṇām ātmanaḥ paśyan bāhu-draviṇam āśritaḥ
10. O Kaurava, a man who relies on the strength of his arms, upon witnessing an insult to himself, should not tolerate it, especially in the presence of women.
नक्तं च बलमस्माकं भूय एवाभिवर्धते ।
यतस्ततो मां कौन्तेय सदारं मन्युराविशत् ॥११॥
11. naktaṁ ca balamasmākaṁ bhūya evābhivardhate ,
yatastato māṁ kaunteya sadāraṁ manyurāviśat.
11. naktaṃ ca balam asmākam bhūyaḥ eva abhivardhate
| yataḥ tataḥ mām kaunteya sa-dāram manyuḥ āviśat
11. O son of Kunti, our strength always increases at night. For this reason, anger (manyu) seized me and my wife.
सोऽहं त्वयेह विजितः संख्ये तापत्यवर्धन ।
येन तेनेह विधिना कीर्त्यमानं निबोध मे ॥१२॥
12. so'haṁ tvayeha vijitaḥ saṁkhye tāpatyavardhana ,
yena teneha vidhinā kīrtyamānaṁ nibodha me.
12. saḥ aham tvayā iha vijitaḥ saṅkhye tāpatya-vardhana
| yena tena iha vidhinā kīrtyamānam nibodha me
12. O enhancer of the Tapati race, I, who am speaking, was conquered by you here in battle. Understand from me the specific reason (vidhinā) for this, which is now being explained.
ब्रह्मचर्यं परो धर्मः स चापि नियतस्त्वयि ।
यस्मात्तस्मादहं पार्थ रणेऽस्मिन्विजितस्त्वया ॥१३॥
13. brahmacaryaṁ paro dharmaḥ sa cāpi niyatastvayi ,
yasmāttasmādahaṁ pārtha raṇe'sminvijitastvayā.
13. brahmacaryam paraḥ dharmaḥ saḥ ca api niyataḥ tvayi
| yasmāt tasmāt aham pārtha raṇe asmin vijitaḥ tvayā
13. Celibacy (brahmacarya) is the supreme natural law (dharma), and that (brahmacarya) is firmly established in you. Therefore, O son of Pṛthā, I was defeated by you in this battle.
यस्तु स्यात्क्षत्रियः कश्चित्कामवृत्तः परंतप ।
नक्तं च युधि युध्येत न स जीवेत्कथंचन ॥१४॥
14. yastu syātkṣatriyaḥ kaścitkāmavṛttaḥ paraṁtapa ,
naktaṁ ca yudhi yudhyeta na sa jīvetkathaṁcana.
14. yaḥ tu syāt kṣatriyaḥ kaścit kāma-vṛttaḥ paraṃ-tapa
| naktaṃ ca yudhi yudhyeta na saḥ jīvet kathaṃcana
14. But any warrior (kṣatriya), O tormentor of foes, who acts according to his desires and fights at night in battle, will certainly not survive.
यस्तु स्यात्कामवृत्तोऽपि राजा तापत्य संगरे ।
जयेन्नक्तंचरान्सर्वान्स पुरोहितधूर्गतः ॥१५॥
15. yastu syātkāmavṛtto'pi rājā tāpatya saṁgare ,
jayennaktaṁcarānsarvānsa purohitadhūrgataḥ.
15. yaḥ tu syāt kāmavṛttaḥ api rājā tāpatya saṅgare
jayet naktaṃcarān sarvān saḥ purohita-dhūr-gataḥ
15. O son of Tapati, even a king whose conduct is self-willed (kāmavṛtta) will conquer all the night-roaming demons (naktaṃcara) in battle, provided he is supported by a priest (purohita).
तस्मात्तापत्य यत्किंचिन्नृणां श्रेय इहेप्सितम् ।
तस्मिन्कर्मणि योक्तव्या दान्तात्मानः पुरोहिताः ॥१६॥
16. tasmāttāpatya yatkiṁcinnṛṇāṁ śreya ihepsitam ,
tasminkarmaṇi yoktavyā dāntātmānaḥ purohitāḥ.
16. tasmāt tāpatya yat kiñcit nṛṇām śreyaḥ iha īpsitam
tasmin karmaṇi yoktavyāḥ dāntātmānaḥ purohitāḥ
16. Therefore, O son of Tapati, whatever well-being (śreyaḥ) men desire here in this world, self-controlled priests (purohita) should be engaged in that endeavor (karmaṇi).
वेदे षडङ्गे निरताः शुचयः सत्यवादिनः ।
धर्मात्मानः कृतात्मानः स्युर्नृपाणां पुरोहिताः ॥१७॥
17. vede ṣaḍaṅge niratāḥ śucayaḥ satyavādinaḥ ,
dharmātmānaḥ kṛtātmānaḥ syurnṛpāṇāṁ purohitāḥ.
17. vede ṣaḍaṅge niratāḥ śucayaḥ satyavādinaḥ
dharmātmānaḥ kṛtātmānaḥ syuḥ nṛpāṇām purohitāḥ
17. Devoted to the Veda and its six ancillary branches, pure, truth-speaking, righteous (dharmātman), and disciplined (kṛtātman) individuals should be the priests (purohita) of kings.
जयश्च नियतो राज्ञः स्वर्गश्च स्यादनन्तरम् ।
यस्य स्याद्धर्मविद्वाग्मी पुरोधाः शीलवाञ्शुचिः ॥१८॥
18. jayaśca niyato rājñaḥ svargaśca syādanantaram ,
yasya syāddharmavidvāgmī purodhāḥ śīlavāñśuciḥ.
18. jayaḥ ca niyataḥ rājñaḥ svargaḥ ca syāt anantaram
yasya syāt dharmavit vāgmī purodhāḥ śīlavān śuciḥ
18. And certain victory (jaya) is assured for that king, and heaven (svarga) will be his immediately thereafter, who has a chief priest (purodhā) who is a knower of natural law (dharma), eloquent, virtuous, and pure.
लाभं लब्धुमलब्धं हि लब्धं च परिरक्षितुम् ।
पुरोहितं प्रकुर्वीत राजा गुणसमन्वितम् ॥१९॥
19. lābhaṁ labdhumalabdhaṁ hi labdhaṁ ca parirakṣitum ,
purohitaṁ prakurvīta rājā guṇasamanvitam.
19. lābham labdhum alabdham hi labdham ca parirakṣitum
purohitam prakurvīta rājā guṇasamanvitam
19. Indeed, to acquire gain (lābha) that has not yet been obtained, and to preserve that which has been obtained, a king should appoint a priest (purohita) who is endowed with good qualities.
पुरोहितमते तिष्ठेद्य इच्छेत्पृथिवीं नृपः ।
प्राप्तुं मेरुवरोत्तंसां सर्वशः सागराम्बराम् ॥२०॥
20. purohitamate tiṣṭhedya icchetpṛthivīṁ nṛpaḥ ,
prāptuṁ meruvarottaṁsāṁ sarvaśaḥ sāgarāmbarām.
20. purohitamate tiṣṭhet yaḥ icchet pṛthivīm nṛpaḥ
prāptum meruvarottansām sarvaśaḥ sāgarāmbarām
20. A king who wishes to acquire the entire earth, which is adorned by the magnificent Mount Meru and is encompassed by oceans, should abide by the counsel of his priest.
न हि केवलशौर्येण तापत्याभिजनेन च ।
जयेदब्राह्मणः कश्चिद्भूमिं भूमिपतिः क्वचित् ॥२१॥
21. na hi kevalaśauryeṇa tāpatyābhijanena ca ,
jayedabrāhmaṇaḥ kaścidbhūmiṁ bhūmipatiḥ kvacit.
21. na hi kevalaśauryeṇa tāpatyābhijanena ca jayet
abrāhmaṇaḥ kaścit bhūmim bhūmipatiḥ kvacit
21. No ruler, if they are not a brahmin, could ever conquer the earth merely through valor or by virtue of their lineage (abhijana) from Tapati.
तस्मादेवं विजानीहि कुरूणां वंशवर्धन ।
ब्राह्मणप्रमुखं राज्यं शक्यं पालयितुं चिरम् ॥२२॥
22. tasmādevaṁ vijānīhi kurūṇāṁ vaṁśavardhana ,
brāhmaṇapramukhaṁ rājyaṁ śakyaṁ pālayituṁ ciram.
22. tasmāt evam vijānīhi kurūṇām vaṃśavardhana
brāhmaṇapramukham rājyam śakyam pālayitum ciram
22. Therefore, O enhancer of the Kuru lineage, understand this: a kingdom (rājya) with brahmins (brāhmaṇa) as its foremost leaders can be ruled for a long time.