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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-304

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याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच ।
सांख्यज्ञानं मया प्रोक्तं योगज्ञानं निबोध मे ।
यथाश्रुतं यथादृष्टं तत्त्वेन नृपसत्तम ॥१॥
1. yājñavalkya uvāca ,
sāṁkhyajñānaṁ mayā proktaṁ yogajñānaṁ nibodha me ,
yathāśrutaṁ yathādṛṣṭaṁ tattvena nṛpasattama.
1. yājñavalkyaḥ uvāca sāṅkhyajñānam mayā proktam yogajñānam
nibodha me yathāśrutam yathādṛṣṭam tattvena nṛpasattama
1. yājñavalkyaḥ uvāca.
nṛpasattama! mayā sāṅkhyajñānam proktam.
yathāśrutam yathādṛṣṭam tattvena yogajñānam me nibodha.
1. Yājñavalkya said: The knowledge of Sāṅkhya has been declared by me. Now understand from me the knowledge of spiritual discipline (yoga), as it has been heard and seen, in its true essence, O best among kings.
नास्ति सांख्यसमं ज्ञानं नास्ति योगसमं बलम् ।
तावुभावेकचर्यौ तु उभावनिधनौ स्मृतौ ॥२॥
2. nāsti sāṁkhyasamaṁ jñānaṁ nāsti yogasamaṁ balam ,
tāvubhāvekacaryau tu ubhāvanidhanau smṛtau.
2. na asti sāṅkhyasamam jñānam na asti yogasamam
balam tau ubhau ekacaryau tu ubhau anidhanau smṛtau
2. sāṅkhyasamam jñānam na asti,
yogasamam balam na asti.
tau ubhau ekacaryau tu smṛtau.
ubhau anidhanau (ca) smṛtau.
2. There is no knowledge comparable to Sāṅkhya, and there is no strength comparable to spiritual discipline (yoga). These two, Sāṅkhya and yoga, are indeed considered to be practiced together, and both are traditionally remembered as eternal.
पृथक्पृथक्तु पश्यन्ति येऽल्पबुद्धिरता नराः ।
वयं तु राजन्पश्याम एकमेव तु निश्चयात् ॥३॥
3. pṛthakpṛthaktu paśyanti ye'lpabuddhiratā narāḥ ,
vayaṁ tu rājanpaśyāma ekameva tu niścayāt.
3. pṛthak pṛthak tu paśyanti ye alpabuddhiratāḥ
narāḥ vayam tu rājan paśyāma ekam eva tu niścayāt
3. ye alpabuddhiratāḥ narāḥ tu pṛthak pṛthak paśyanti.
rājan,
vayam tu niścayāt ekam eva paśyāma.
3. Those people who are devoted to shallow understanding (or of small intellect) see them as distinct. But we, O King, certainly see them as one and the same.
यदेव योगाः पश्यन्ति तत्सांख्यैरपि दृश्यते ।
एकं सांख्यं च योगं च यः पश्यति स तत्त्ववित् ॥४॥
4. yadeva yogāḥ paśyanti tatsāṁkhyairapi dṛśyate ,
ekaṁ sāṁkhyaṁ ca yogaṁ ca yaḥ paśyati sa tattvavit.
4. yat eva yogāḥ paśyanti tat sāṅkhyaiḥ api dṛśyate
ekam sāṅkhyam ca yogam ca yaḥ paśyati saḥ tattvavit
4. yaḥ yogāḥ yat paśyanti tat sāṅkhyaiḥ api dṛśyate ca
yaḥ ekam sāṅkhyam ca yogam paśyati saḥ tattvavit
4. What the practitioners of spiritual discipline (yoga) perceive, that is also understood by those who follow the Sāṅkhya philosophical system. One who sees both Sāṅkhya and (the practice of) yoga as fundamentally unified, he is truly a knower of reality.
रुद्रप्रधानानपरान्विद्धि योगान्परंतप ।
तेनैव चाथ देहेन विचरन्ति दिशो दश ॥५॥
5. rudrapradhānānaparānviddhi yogānparaṁtapa ,
tenaiva cātha dehena vicaranti diśo daśa.
5. rudrapradhānān aparān viddhi yogān parantapa
tena eva ca atha dehena vicaranti diśaḥ daśa
5. parantapa rudrapradhānān aparān yogān viddhi
ca atha tena eva dehena diśaḥ daśa vicaranti
5. O scorcher of foes (parantapa), know that there are other forms of spiritual discipline (yoga) which are primarily centered on Rudra. And then, with that very body, they roam throughout the ten directions.
यावद्धि प्रलयस्तात सूक्ष्मेणाष्टगुणेन वै ।
योगेन लोकान्विचरन्सुखं संन्यस्य चानघ ॥६॥
6. yāvaddhi pralayastāta sūkṣmeṇāṣṭaguṇena vai ,
yogena lokānvicaransukhaṁ saṁnyasya cānagha.
6. yāvat hi pralayaḥ tāta sūkṣmeṇa aṣṭaguṇena vai
yogena lokān vicaran sukham saṃnyasya ca anagha
6. tāta anagha yāvat hi pralayaḥ vai sūkṣmeṇa
aṣṭaguṇena yogena lokān vicaran ca sukham saṃnyasya
6. As long as the cosmic dissolution (pralaya) prevails, dear one, by means of the subtle eight-fold power of spiritual discipline (yoga), one wanders through the worlds, indeed renouncing all pleasure, O sinless one.
वेदेषु चाष्टगुणितं योगमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
सूक्ष्ममष्टगुणं प्राहुर्नेतरं नृपसत्तम ॥७॥
7. vedeṣu cāṣṭaguṇitaṁ yogamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ,
sūkṣmamaṣṭaguṇaṁ prāhurnetaraṁ nṛpasattama.
7. vedeṣu ca aṣṭaguṇitam yogam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
sūkṣmam aṣṭaguṇam prāhuḥ na itaram nṛpasattama
7. nṛpasattama ca vedeṣu manīṣiṇaḥ aṣṭaguṇitam
yogam āhuḥ sūkṣmam aṣṭaguṇam prāhuḥ na itaram
7. And indeed, in the Vedic texts, the sages (maniṣiṇaḥ) declare the eight-fold spiritual discipline (yoga); they speak of the subtle (yoga) endowed with eight qualities, O best among kings (nṛpasattama), and not any other.
द्विगुणं योगकृत्यं तु योगानां प्राहुरुत्तमम् ।
सगुणं निर्गुणं चैव यथाशास्त्रनिदर्शनम् ॥८॥
8. dviguṇaṁ yogakṛtyaṁ tu yogānāṁ prāhuruttamam ,
saguṇaṁ nirguṇaṁ caiva yathāśāstranidarśanam.
8. dviguṇam yogakṛtyam tu yogānām prāhuḥ uttamam
saguṇam nirguṇam ca eva yathāśāstranidarśanam
8. tu dviguṇam yogakṛtyam yogānām uttamam prāhuḥ
saguṇam ca eva nirguṇam yathāśāstranidarśanam
8. They indeed declare the two-fold practice of yoga (yoga) to be the supreme among yogas, referring to both the qualified (saguṇa) and unqualified (nirguṇa) types, as illustrated by scriptural guidance.
धारणा चैव मनसः प्राणायामश्च पार्थिव ।
प्राणायामो हि सगुणो निर्गुणं धारणं मनः ॥९॥
9. dhāraṇā caiva manasaḥ prāṇāyāmaśca pārthiva ,
prāṇāyāmo hi saguṇo nirguṇaṁ dhāraṇaṁ manaḥ.
9. dhāraṇā ca eva manasaḥ prāṇāyāmaḥ ca pārthiva
prāṇāyāmaḥ hi saguṇaḥ nirguṇam dhāraṇam manaḥ
9. pārthiva ca eva dhāraṇā manasaḥ ca prāṇāyāmaḥ
hi prāṇāyāmaḥ saguṇaḥ nirguṇam dhāraṇam manaḥ
9. And indeed, O King, there is concentration (dhāraṇā) of the mind (manas) and breath control (prāṇāyāma). For breath control (prāṇāyāma) is considered to have qualities (saguṇa), while concentration (dhāraṇā) of the mind (manas) is without qualities (nirguṇa).
यत्र दृश्येत मुञ्चन्वै प्राणान्मैथिलसत्तम ।
वाताधिक्यं भवत्येव तस्माद्धि न समाचरेत् ॥१०॥
10. yatra dṛśyeta muñcanvai prāṇānmaithilasattama ,
vātādhikyaṁ bhavatyeva tasmāddhi na samācaret.
10. yatra dṛśyeta muñcan vai prāṇān maithilasattama
vātādhikyam bhavati eva tasmāt hi na samācaret
10. maithilasattama yatra muñcan prāṇān vai dṛśyeta
vātādhikyam eva bhavati tasmāt hi na samācaret
10. O best of the Maithilas, wherever one perceives the uncontrolled release of vital breaths (prāṇa), an excess of the vāta (vāta) bodily humor indeed occurs. Therefore, one should certainly not engage in such a practice.
निशायाः प्रथमे यामे चोदना द्वादश स्मृताः ।
मध्ये सुप्त्वा परे यामे द्वादशैव तु चोदनाः ॥११॥
11. niśāyāḥ prathame yāme codanā dvādaśa smṛtāḥ ,
madhye suptvā pare yāme dvādaśaiva tu codanāḥ.
11. niśāyāḥ prathame yāme codanāḥ dvādaśa smṛtāḥ
madhye suptvā pare yāme dvādaśa eva tu codanāḥ
11. niśāyāḥ prathame yāme dvādaśa codanāḥ smṛtāḥ
madhye suptvā pare yāme tu dvādaśa eva codanāḥ
11. Twelve instructions (codanā) are prescribed for the first watch (yāma) of the night. Then, having slept in the interim, there are indeed twelve more instructions (codanā) in the subsequent watch (yāma).
तदेवमुपशान्तेन दान्तेनैकान्तशीलिना ।
आत्मारामेण बुद्धेन योक्तव्योऽऽत्मा न संशयः ॥१२॥
12. tadevamupaśāntena dāntenaikāntaśīlinā ,
ātmārāmeṇa buddhena yoktavyo''tmā na saṁśayaḥ.
12. tad evaṃ upaśāntena dāntena ekāntaśīlinā
ātmārāmeṇa buddhena yoktavyaḥ ātmā na saṃśayaḥ
12. tad evaṃ saṃśayaḥ na ātmā yoktavyaḥ buddhena
upaśāntena dāntena ekāntaśīlinā ātmārāmeṇa
12. Therefore, without doubt, the individual self (ātman) should be disciplined by an enlightened person who is tranquil, self-controlled, accustomed to solitude, and finds delight in the Self (ātman).
पञ्चानामिन्द्रियाणां तु दोषानाक्षिप्य पञ्चधा ।
शब्दं स्पर्शं तथा रूपं रसं गन्धं तथैव च ॥१३॥
13. pañcānāmindriyāṇāṁ tu doṣānākṣipya pañcadhā ,
śabdaṁ sparśaṁ tathā rūpaṁ rasaṁ gandhaṁ tathaiva ca.
13. pañcānām indriyāṇām tu doṣān ākṣipya pañcadhā śabdam
sparśam tathā rūpam rasam gandham tathā eva ca
13. tu pañcānām indriyāṇām pañcadhā doṣān ākṣipya,
śabdam sparśam tathā rūpam rasam gandham tathā eva ca
13. And having withdrawn the defects of the five senses in their fivefold manifestations - namely, sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, respectively.
प्रतिभामपवर्गं च प्रतिसंहृत्य मैथिल ।
इन्द्रियग्राममखिलं मनस्यभिनिवेश्य ह ॥१४॥
14. pratibhāmapavargaṁ ca pratisaṁhṛtya maithila ,
indriyagrāmamakhilaṁ manasyabhiniveśya ha.
14. pratibhām apavargam ca pratisaṃhṛtya maithila
indriyagrāmam akhilam manasi abhiniveśya ha
14. maithila,
ca pratibhām apavargam pratisaṃhṛtya,
ha akhilam indriyagrāmam manasi abhiniveśya
14. O Maithila, having withdrawn both intuitive insight and the concept of final liberation (mokṣa), and indeed having completely absorbed the entire group of senses into the mind.
मनस्तथैवाहंकारे प्रतिष्ठाप्य नराधिप ।
अहंकारं तथा बुद्धौ बुद्धिं च प्रकृतावपि ॥१५॥
15. manastathaivāhaṁkāre pratiṣṭhāpya narādhipa ,
ahaṁkāraṁ tathā buddhau buddhiṁ ca prakṛtāvapi.
15. manaḥ tathā eva ahaṅkāre pratiṣṭhāpya narādhipa
ahaṅkāram tathā buddhau buddhim ca prakṛtau api
15. narādhipa,
tathā eva manaḥ ahaṅkāre pratiṣṭhāpya,
tathā ahaṅkāram buddhau,
ca api buddhim prakṛtau
15. O ruler of men, having likewise established the mind in the ego (ahaṅkāra), the ego (ahaṅkāra) in the intellect (buddhi), and also the intellect (buddhi) in primordial nature (prakṛti).
एवं हि परिसंख्याय ततो ध्यायेत केवलम् ।
विरजस्कमलं नित्यमनन्तं शुद्धमव्रणम् ॥१६॥
16. evaṁ hi parisaṁkhyāya tato dhyāyeta kevalam ,
virajaskamalaṁ nityamanantaṁ śuddhamavraṇam.
16. evam hi parisaṃkhyāya tataḥ dhyāyeta kevalam
virajaskamalam nityam anantam śuddham avraṇam
16. evam hi parisaṃkhyāya tataḥ nityam anantam
śuddham avraṇam virajaskamalam kevalam dhyāyeta
16. Thus, having thoroughly discerned (the true nature), one should then meditate exclusively upon that which is free from passion and impurity, eternal, infinite, pure, and without blemish.
तस्थुषं पुरुषं सत्त्वमभेद्यमजरामरम् ।
शाश्वतं चाव्ययं चैव ईशानं ब्रह्म चाव्ययम् ॥१७॥
17. tasthuṣaṁ puruṣaṁ sattvamabhedyamajarāmaram ,
śāśvataṁ cāvyayaṁ caiva īśānaṁ brahma cāvyayam.
17. tasthuṣam puruṣam sattvam abhedyam ajarāmaram
śāśvatam ca avyayam ca eva īśānam brahma ca avyayam
17. puruṣam tasthuṣam sattvam abhedyam ajarāmaram
śāśvatam avyayam ca eva īśānam brahma avyayam ca
17. One should meditate upon the steadfast (puruṣa), the essence of being, indivisible, ageless and immortal, truly eternal and imperishable, the sovereign ruler, and the imperishable ultimate reality (brahman).
युक्तस्य तु महाराज लक्षणान्युपधारयेत् ।
लक्षणं तु प्रसादस्य यथा तृप्तः सुखं स्वपेत् ॥१८॥
18. yuktasya tu mahārāja lakṣaṇānyupadhārayet ,
lakṣaṇaṁ tu prasādasya yathā tṛptaḥ sukhaṁ svapet.
18. yuktasya tu mahārāja lakṣaṇāni upadhārayet
lakṣaṇam tu prasādasya yathā tṛptaḥ sukham svapet
18. mahārāja tu yuktasya lakṣaṇāni upadhārayet,
prasādasya lakṣaṇam tu yathā tṛptaḥ sukham svapet
18. Indeed, O great king, one should discern the signs of a person engaged in spiritual discipline (yoga). The characteristic of inner tranquility (prasāda) is, for instance, how a contented person sleeps peacefully.
निवाते तु यथा दीपो ज्वलेत्स्नेहसमन्वितः ।
निश्चलोर्ध्वशिखस्तद्वद्युक्तमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१९॥
19. nivāte tu yathā dīpo jvaletsnehasamanvitaḥ ,
niścalordhvaśikhastadvadyuktamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.
19. nivāte tu yathā dīpaḥ jvalet snehasamanvitaḥ
niścalordhvaśikhaḥ tadvat yuktam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
19. tu yathā nivāte snehasamanvitaḥ dīpaḥ
niścalordhvaśikhaḥ jvalet tadvat manīṣiṇaḥ yuktam āhuḥ
19. Just as a lamp, well-supplied with oil, burns with a steady, upward flame in a windless place, so too do the wise (manīṣiṇaḥ) describe a person established in spiritual discipline (yoga).
पाषाण इव मेघोत्थैर्यथा बिन्दुभिराहतः ।
नालं चालयितुं शक्यस्तथा युक्तस्य लक्षणम् ॥२०॥
20. pāṣāṇa iva meghotthairyathā bindubhirāhataḥ ,
nālaṁ cālayituṁ śakyastathā yuktasya lakṣaṇam.
20. pāṣāṇaḥ iva meghautthaiḥ yathā bindubhiḥ āhataḥ
na alam cālayitum śakyaḥ tathā yuktasya lakṣaṇam
20. yathā meghautthaiḥ bindubhiḥ āhataḥ pāṣāṇaḥ iva
cālayitum na alam śakyaḥ tathā yuktasya lakṣaṇam
20. Just as a stone, struck by raindrops from the clouds, cannot be moved, such is the characteristic of a person who is established in meditative concentration (yoga).
शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषैर्विविधैर्गीतवादितैः ।
क्रियमाणैर्न कम्पेत युक्तस्यैतन्निदर्शनम् ॥२१॥
21. śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣairvividhairgītavāditaiḥ ,
kriyamāṇairna kampeta yuktasyaitannidarśanam.
21. śaṅkhadundubhiniḥghoṣaiḥ vividhaiḥ gītavāditaiḥ
kriyamāṇaiḥ na kampeta yuktasya etat nidarśanam
21. śaṅkhadundubhiniḥghoṣaiḥ vividhaiḥ gītavāditaiḥ
kriyamāṇaiḥ na kampeta etat yuktasya nidarśanam
21. This is an illustration of one who is established in meditative concentration (yoga): he should not be disturbed by the clamor of conches and drums, nor by various songs and musical instruments being played.
तैलपात्रं यथा पूर्णं कराभ्यां गृह्य पूरुषः ।
सोपानमारुहेद्भीतस्तर्ज्यमानोऽसिपाणिभिः ॥२२॥
22. tailapātraṁ yathā pūrṇaṁ karābhyāṁ gṛhya pūruṣaḥ ,
sopānamāruhedbhītastarjyamāno'sipāṇibhiḥ.
22. tailapātram yathā pūrṇam karābhyām gṛhya pūruṣaḥ
sopānam āruhet bhītaḥ tarjyamānaḥ asipāṇibhiḥ
22. yathā pūruṣaḥ pūrṇam tailapātram karābhyām gṛhya
asipāṇibhiḥ tarjyamānaḥ bhītaḥ sopānam āruhet
22. Just as a person might ascend a staircase, holding a full oil pot with both hands, fearful and being threatened by men with swords in their hands...
संयतात्मा भयात्तेषां न पात्राद्बिन्दुमुत्सृजेत् ।
तथैवोत्तरमाणस्य एकाग्रमनसस्तथा ॥२३॥
23. saṁyatātmā bhayātteṣāṁ na pātrādbindumutsṛjet ,
tathaivottaramāṇasya ekāgramanasastathā.
23. saṃyatātmā bhayāt teṣām na pātrāt bindum utsṛjet
tathaiva uttaramāṇasya ekāgramanasaḥ tathā
23. saṃyatātmā teṣām bhayāt pātrāt bindum na utsṛjet
tathaiva ekāgramanasaḥ uttaramāṇasya tathā
23. That person with a controlled self (ātman), due to fear of those (sword-wielders), should not let a single drop fall from the pot. Similarly, this is how one with a focused mind, while engaged in spiritual ascent, should also remain.
स्थिरत्वादिन्द्रियाणां तु निश्चलत्वात्तथैव च ।
एवं युक्तस्य तु मुनेर्लक्षणान्युपधारयेत् ॥२४॥
24. sthiratvādindriyāṇāṁ tu niścalatvāttathaiva ca ,
evaṁ yuktasya tu munerlakṣaṇānyupadhārayet.
24. sthiratvāt indriyāṇām tu niścalatvāt tathā eva
ca evam yuktasya tu muneḥ lakṣaṇāni upadhārayet
24. One should recognize the characteristics of such a sage (muni) who is absorbed in yoga (yoga), marked by the steadiness of his senses and their similar immovability.
स युक्तः पश्यति ब्रह्म यत्तत्परममव्ययम् ।
महतस्तमसो मध्ये स्थितं ज्वलनसंनिभम् ॥२५॥
25. sa yuktaḥ paśyati brahma yattatparamamavyayam ,
mahatastamaso madhye sthitaṁ jvalanasaṁnibham.
25. saḥ yuktaḥ paśyati brahma yat tat paramam avyayam
mahataḥ tamasaḥ madhye sthitam jvalanasaṃnibham
25. That person, absorbed in yoga (yoga), perceives the supreme, imperishable Brahman, which is situated amidst profound darkness yet shines with the brilliance of a flame.
एतेन केवलं याति त्यक्त्वा देहमसाक्षिकम् ।
कालेन महता राजञ्श्रुतिरेषा सनातनी ॥२६॥
26. etena kevalaṁ yāti tyaktvā dehamasākṣikam ,
kālena mahatā rājañśrutireṣā sanātanī.
26. etena kevalam yāti tyaktvā deham asākṣikam
kālena mahatā rājan śrutiḥ eṣā sanātanī
26. By this means alone, one attains liberation (mokṣa), having relinquished the body without attachment. O King, this is the eternal Vedic tradition (śruti), established over a vast span of time.
एतद्धि योगं योगानां किमन्यद्योगलक्षणम् ।
विज्ञाय तद्धि मन्यन्ते कृतकृत्या मनीषिणः ॥२७॥
27. etaddhi yogaṁ yogānāṁ kimanyadyogalakṣaṇam ,
vijñāya taddhi manyante kṛtakṛtyā manīṣiṇaḥ.
27. etat hi yogam yogānām kim anyat yogalakṣaṇam
vijñāya tat hi manyante kṛtakṛtyāḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
27. This, indeed, is the essence of all systems of yoga (yoga); what other characteristic of yoga could there be? Having understood this, the wise ones (manīṣiṇaḥ) consider themselves to have fully accomplished their purpose.