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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
धर्माः पितामहेनोक्ता राजधर्माश्रिताः शुभाः ।
धर्ममाश्रमिणां श्रेष्ठं वक्तुमर्हसि पार्थिव ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dharmāḥ pitāmahenoktā rājadharmāśritāḥ śubhāḥ ,
dharmamāśramiṇāṁ śreṣṭhaṁ vaktumarhasi pārthiva.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca dharmāḥ pitāmahena uktā rājadharmāśritāḥ
śubhāḥ dharmam āśramiṇām śreṣṭham vaktum arhasi pārthiva
1. pārthiva pitāmahena rājadharmāśritāḥ śubhāḥ dharmāḥ
uktāḥ āśramiṇām śreṣṭham dharmam vaktum arhasi
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O King (pārthiva), the auspicious duties (dharma) pertaining to kingship have been declared by the grandfather. Now, you should speak of the most excellent duties (dharma) of those in the stages of life (āśrama).
भीष्म उवाच ।
सर्वत्र विहितो धर्मः स्वर्ग्यः सत्यफलं तपः ।
बहुद्वारस्य धर्मस्य नेहास्ति विफला क्रिया ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sarvatra vihito dharmaḥ svargyaḥ satyaphalaṁ tapaḥ ,
bahudvārasya dharmasya nehāsti viphalā kriyā.
2. bhīṣma uvāca sarvatra vihitaḥ dharmaḥ svargyaḥ satyaphalam
tapaḥ bahudvārasya dharmasya na iha asti viphalā kriyā
2. bhīṣma uvāca sarvatra dharmaḥ vihitaḥ svargyaḥ tapaḥ
satyaphalam bahudvārasya dharmasya iha viphalā kriyā na asti
2. Bhīṣma said: The natural law (dharma) is ordained everywhere and leads to heaven. Austerity (tapas) yields true results. For this natural law (dharma), which has many paths, no action (karma) undertaken here is ever fruitless.
यस्मिन्यस्मिंस्तु विनये यो यो याति विनिश्चयम् ।
स तमेवाभिजानाति नान्यं भरतसत्तम ॥३॥
3. yasminyasmiṁstu vinaye yo yo yāti viniścayam ,
sa tamevābhijānāti nānyaṁ bharatasattama.
3. yasmin yasmin tu vinaye yaḥ yaḥ yāti viniścayam
saḥ tam eva abhijānāti na anyam bharatasattama
3. bharatasattama yaḥ yaḥ tu yasmin yasmin vinaye
viniścayam yāti saḥ tam eva abhijānāti anyam na
3. O best among Bhāratas (bharatasattama), whoever attains firm conviction (viniścaya) in any specific discipline, he truly understands only that, and no other.
यथा यथा च पर्येति लोकतन्त्रमसारवत् ।
तथा तथा विरागोऽत्र जायते नात्र संशयः ॥४॥
4. yathā yathā ca paryeti lokatantramasāravat ,
tathā tathā virāgo'tra jāyate nātra saṁśayaḥ.
4. yathā yathā ca paryeti lokatantram asāravat
tathā tathā virāgaḥ atra jāyate na atra saṃśayaḥ
4. asāravat lokatantram yathā yathā ca paryeti
tathā tathā atra virāgaḥ jāyate atra saṃśayaḥ na
4. As worldly affairs (lokatantram) proceed, revealing their unsubstantial nature, a sense of dispassion (virāga) inevitably arises; there is no doubt about this.
एवं व्यवसिते लोके बहुदोषे युधिष्ठिर ।
आत्ममोक्षनिमित्तं वै यतेत मतिमान्नरः ॥५॥
5. evaṁ vyavasite loke bahudoṣe yudhiṣṭhira ,
ātmamokṣanimittaṁ vai yateta matimānnaraḥ.
5. evam vyavasite loke bahudoṣe yudhiṣṭhira
ātmamokṣanimittam vai yateta matimān naraḥ
5. yudhiṣṭhira bahudoṣe evam vyavasite loke
matimān naraḥ vai ātmamokṣanimittam yateta
5. O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the world (loka) is established in such a way, full of many flaws, an intelligent person (matimān naraḥ) should truly strive for the sake of the liberation (mokṣa) of their self (ātman).
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते ।
यया बुद्ध्या नुदेच्छोकं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥६॥
6. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā mṛte ,
yayā buddhyā nudecchokaṁ tanme brūhi pitāmaha.
6. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari
vā mṛte yayā buddhyā nudet śokam tat me brūhi pitāmaha
6. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha dhane vā dāre vā putre vā
pitari naṣṭe mṛte vā śokam yayā buddhyā nudet tat me brūhi
6. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O Grandfather, please tell me, by what kind of intellect (buddhi) one should dispel sorrow (śoka) when wealth (dhana) is lost, or a wife, or a son, or a father has passed away."
भीष्म उवाच ।
नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते ।
अहो दुःखमिति ध्यायञ्शोकस्यापचितिं चरेत् ॥७॥
7. bhīṣma uvāca ,
naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā mṛte ,
aho duḥkhamiti dhyāyañśokasyāpacitiṁ caret.
7. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā
mṛte aho duḥkham iti dhyāyan śokasya apacitim caret
7. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca dhane vā dāre vā putre vā pitari naṣṭe
mṛte vā "aho duḥkham" iti dhyāyan śokasya apacitim caret
7. Bhīṣma said: "When wealth (dhana) is lost, or a wife, or a son, or a father has passed away, one should contemplate, 'Alas, what suffering (duḥkha) this is!' and thus proceed with the alleviation of sorrow (śoka)."
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यथा सेनजितं विप्रः कश्चिदित्यब्रवीद्वचः ॥८॥
8. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
yathā senajitaṁ vipraḥ kaścidityabravīdvacaḥ.
8. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
yathā senajitam vipraḥ kaścit iti abravīt vacaḥ
8. atra api purātanam imam itihāsam udāharanti
yathā kaścit vipraḥ senajitam iti vacaḥ abravīt
8. Here, they also cite this ancient story: how a certain Brahmin spoke these words to Senajit.
पुत्रशोकाभिसंतप्तं राजानं शोकविह्वलम् ।
विषण्णवदनं दृष्ट्वा विप्रो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥९॥
9. putraśokābhisaṁtaptaṁ rājānaṁ śokavihvalam ,
viṣaṇṇavadanaṁ dṛṣṭvā vipro vacanamabravīt.
9. putraśokābhisantaptam rājānam śokavihvalam
viṣaṇṇavadanam dṛṣṭvā vipraḥ vacanam abravīt
9. putraśokābhisantaptam śokavihvalam viṣaṇṇavadanam
rājānam dṛṣṭvā vipraḥ vacanam abravīt
9. Having seen the king — who was afflicted by the grief of losing his son, overwhelmed by sorrow, and with a dejected face — the Brahmin spoke these words.
किं नु खल्वसि मूढस्त्वं शोच्यः किमनुशोचसि ।
यदा त्वामपि शोचन्तः शोच्या यास्यन्ति तां गतिम् ॥१०॥
10. kiṁ nu khalvasi mūḍhastvaṁ śocyaḥ kimanuśocasi ,
yadā tvāmapi śocantaḥ śocyā yāsyanti tāṁ gatim.
10. kim nu khalu asi mūḍhaḥ tvam śocyaḥ kim anuśocasi
yadā tvām api śocantah śocyāḥ yāsyanti tām gatim
10. kim nu khalu tvam mūḍhaḥ asi? śocyaḥ kim anuśocasi? yadā tvām api śocantah śocyāḥ tām gatim yāsyanti.
10. What, are you indeed so deluded? You yourself are pitiable, so why do you lament? For when those who lament even you—who are worthy of pity—will themselves go to that same destination.
त्वं चैवाहं च ये चान्ये त्वां राजन्पर्युपासते ।
सर्वे तत्र गमिष्यामो यत एवागता वयम् ॥११॥
11. tvaṁ caivāhaṁ ca ye cānye tvāṁ rājanparyupāsate ,
sarve tatra gamiṣyāmo yata evāgatā vayam.
11. tvam ca eva aham ca ye ca anye tvām rājan paryupāsate
sarve tatra gamiṣyāmaḥ yataḥ eva āgatāḥ vayam
11. rājan tvam ca aham ca ye ca anye tvām paryupāsate
sarve tatra gamiṣyāmaḥ yataḥ eva vayam āgatāḥ
11. You, and I, and those others who attend upon you, O King—all of us will go to that very place from which we came.
सेनजिदुवाच ।
का बुद्धिः किं तपो विप्र कः समाधिस्तपोधन ।
किं ज्ञानं किं श्रुतं वा ते यत्प्राप्य न विषीदसि ॥१२॥
12. senajiduvāca ,
kā buddhiḥ kiṁ tapo vipra kaḥ samādhistapodhana ,
kiṁ jñānaṁ kiṁ śrutaṁ vā te yatprāpya na viṣīdasi.
12. senajit uvāca | kā buddhiḥ kim tapaḥ vipra kaḥ samādhiḥ
tapodhana | kim jñānam kim śrutam vā te yat prāpya na viṣīdasi
12. senajit uvāca vipra tapodhana te kā buddhiḥ kim tapaḥ kaḥ
samādhiḥ kim jñānam kim śrutam vā yat prāpya na viṣīdasi
12. Senajit asked: "O Brahmin, O ascetic, what kind of understanding (buddhi), what austerity (tapas), what deep meditation (samādhi), what knowledge (jñāna), or what sacred learning (śruta) do you possess, by attaining which you never feel sorrow?"
ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
पश्य भूतानि दुःखेन व्यतिषक्तानि सर्वशः ।
आत्मापि चायं न मम सर्वा वा पृथिवी मम ॥१३॥
13. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
paśya bhūtāni duḥkhena vyatiṣaktāni sarvaśaḥ ,
ātmāpi cāyaṁ na mama sarvā vā pṛthivī mama.
13. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca | paśya bhūtāni duḥkhena vyatiṣaktāni
sarvaśaḥ | ātmā api ca ayam na mama sarvā vā pṛthivī mama
13. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca paśya bhūtāni vyatiṣaktāni duḥkhena
sarvaśaḥ ayam ātmā api na mama ca sarvā pṛthivī vā mama
13. The Brahmin replied: "Observe all living beings (bhūta) entangled everywhere in suffering. Furthermore, this individual self (ātman) is not mine, nor is the entire earth mine."
यथा मम तथान्येषामिति बुद्ध्या न मे व्यथा ।
एतां बुद्धिमहं प्राप्य न प्रहृष्ये न च व्यथे ॥१४॥
14. yathā mama tathānyeṣāmiti buddhyā na me vyathā ,
etāṁ buddhimahaṁ prāpya na prahṛṣye na ca vyathe.
14. yathā mama tathā anyeṣām iti buddhyā na me vyathā
| etām buddhim aham prāpya na prahṛṣye na ca vyathe
14. yathā mama tathā anyeṣām iti buddhyā me na vyathā
aham etām buddhim prāpya na prahṛṣye ca na vyathe
14. "Just as this is mine, so it is for others." With this understanding (buddhi), I feel no pain. Having attained this insight (buddhi), I neither rejoice nor do I suffer.
यथा काष्ठं च काष्ठं च समेयातां महोदधौ ।
समेत्य च व्यपेयातां तद्वद्भूतसमागमः ॥१५॥
15. yathā kāṣṭhaṁ ca kāṣṭhaṁ ca sameyātāṁ mahodadhau ,
sametya ca vyapeyātāṁ tadvadbhūtasamāgamaḥ.
15. yathā kāṣṭham ca kāṣṭham ca sameyātām mahodadhau
| sametya ca vyapeyātām tadvat bhūtasamāgamaḥ
15. yathā ca kāṣṭham ca kāṣṭham sameyātām mahodadhau
ca sametya vyapeyātām tadvat bhūtasamāgamaḥ
15. Just as one log and another log might come together in the great ocean, and having come together, they subsequently drift apart; similarly, is the coming together of living beings (bhūtasamāgama).
एवं पुत्राश्च पौत्राश्च ज्ञातयो बान्धवास्तथा ।
तेषु स्नेहो न कर्तव्यो विप्रयोगो हि तैर्ध्रुवम् ॥१६॥
16. evaṁ putrāśca pautrāśca jñātayo bāndhavāstathā ,
teṣu sneho na kartavyo viprayogo hi tairdhruvam.
16. evam putrāḥ ca pautrāḥ ca jñātayaḥ bāndhavāḥ tathā
teṣu snehaḥ na kartavyaḥ viprayogaḥ hi taiḥ dhruvam
16. evam putrāḥ ca pautrāḥ ca jñātayaḥ tathā bāndhavāḥ
teṣu snehaḥ na kartavyaḥ hi taiḥ viprayogaḥ dhruvam
16. Thus, one should not form attachment (sneha) to sons, grandsons, relatives, and kinsmen, for separation from them is indeed inevitable.
अदर्शनादापतितः पुनश्चादर्शनं गतः ।
न त्वासौ वेद न त्वं तं कः सन्कमनुशोचसि ॥१७॥
17. adarśanādāpatitaḥ punaścādarśanaṁ gataḥ ,
na tvāsau veda na tvaṁ taṁ kaḥ sankamanuśocasi.
17. adarśanāt āpatitaḥ punaḥ ca adarśanam gataḥ na
tvā asau veda na tvam tam kaḥ san kam anuśocasi
17. adarśanāt āpatitaḥ ca punaḥ adarśanam gataḥ asau
tvā na veda na tvam tam veda kaḥ san kam anuśocasi
17. He who has appeared from the unmanifest and returned to the unmanifest—neither does that one know you, nor do you know him. Who are you, and for whom do you grieve?
तृष्णार्तिप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखार्तिप्रभवं सुखम् ।
सुखात्संजायते दुःखमेवमेतत्पुनः पुनः ।
सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं दुःखस्यानन्तरं सुखम् ॥१८॥
18. tṛṣṇārtiprabhavaṁ duḥkhaṁ duḥkhārtiprabhavaṁ sukham ,
sukhātsaṁjāyate duḥkhamevametatpunaḥ punaḥ ,
sukhasyānantaraṁ duḥkhaṁ duḥkhasyānantaraṁ sukham.
18. tṛṣṇārtiprabhavam duḥkham duḥkhārtiprabhavam
sukham sukhāt saṃjāyate duḥkham
evam etat punaḥ punaḥ sukhasya anantaram
duḥkham duḥkhasya anantaram sukham
18. tṛṣṇārtiprabhavam duḥkham duḥkhārtiprabhavam
sukham sukhāt duḥkham saṃjāyate
evam etat punaḥ punaḥ sukhasya anantaram
duḥkham duḥkhasya anantaram sukham
18. Suffering (duḥkha) arises from the pain of craving, and happiness (sukha) arises from the pain of suffering. From happiness, suffering is born; thus, this cycle repeats again and again. After happiness comes suffering, and after suffering comes happiness.
सुखात्त्वं दुःखमापन्नः पुनरापत्स्यसे सुखम् ।
न नित्यं लभते दुःखं न नित्यं लभते सुखम् ॥१९॥
19. sukhāttvaṁ duḥkhamāpannaḥ punarāpatsyase sukham ,
na nityaṁ labhate duḥkhaṁ na nityaṁ labhate sukham.
19. sukhāt tvam duḥkham āpannaḥ punaḥ āpatsyase sukham
na nityam labhate duḥkham na nityam labhate sukham
19. tvam sukhāt duḥkham āpannaḥ punaḥ sukham āpatsyase
na nityam duḥkham labhate na nityam sukham labhate
19. You have descended from happiness (sukha) into suffering (duḥkha), and you will again attain happiness. One does not perpetually obtain suffering, nor does one perpetually obtain happiness.
नालं सुखाय सुहृदो नालं दुःखाय शत्रवः ।
न च प्रज्ञालमर्थानां न सुखानामलं धनम् ॥२०॥
20. nālaṁ sukhāya suhṛdo nālaṁ duḥkhāya śatravaḥ ,
na ca prajñālamarthānāṁ na sukhānāmalaṁ dhanam.
20. na alam sukhāya suhṛdaḥ na alam duḥkhāya śatravaḥ
na ca prajñā alam arthānām na sukhānām alam dhanam
20. suhṛdaḥ sukhāya na alam śatravaḥ duḥkhāya na alam
ca prajñā arthānām na alam sukhānām dhanam na alam
20. Friends alone are not sufficient for happiness, nor are enemies alone sufficient for misery. Moreover, intelligence alone is not sufficient for attaining all objectives (artha), nor is wealth alone sufficient for all forms of happiness.
न बुद्धिर्धनलाभाय न जाड्यमसमृद्धये ।
लोकपर्यायवृत्तान्तं प्राज्ञो जानाति नेतरः ॥२१॥
21. na buddhirdhanalābhāya na jāḍyamasamṛddhaye ,
lokaparyāyavṛttāntaṁ prājño jānāti netaraḥ.
21. na buddhiḥ dhanalābhāya na jāḍyam asamṛddhaye
lokaparyāyavṛttāntam prājñaḥ jānāti na itaraḥ
21. buddhiḥ dhanalābhāya na (bhavati) jāḍyam asamṛddhaye na
(bhavati) prājñaḥ lokaparyāyavṛttāntam jānāti itaraḥ na (jānāti)
21. Intelligence does not guarantee the acquisition of wealth (artha), nor does dullness (jāḍya) necessarily lead to a lack of prosperity. Only the wise person understands the changing course of worldly events, not anyone else.
बुद्धिमन्तं च मूढं च शूरं भीरुं जडं कविम् ।
दुर्बलं बलवन्तं च भागिनं भजते सुखम् ॥२२॥
22. buddhimantaṁ ca mūḍhaṁ ca śūraṁ bhīruṁ jaḍaṁ kavim ,
durbalaṁ balavantaṁ ca bhāginaṁ bhajate sukham.
22. buddhimantam ca mūḍham ca śūram bhīrum jaḍam kavim
durbalam balavantam ca bhāginam bhajate sukham
22. sukham buddhimantam ca mūḍham ca śūram bhīrum
jaḍam kavim durbalam balavantam ca bhāginam bhajate
22. Happiness (sukha) falls to the lot of (or attends) the intelligent and the foolish, the brave and the timid, the dull and the wise, the weak and the strong, and the one destined to receive it (bhāgin).
धेनुर्वत्सस्य गोपस्य स्वामिनस्तस्करस्य च ।
पयः पिबति यस्तस्या धेनुस्तस्येति निश्चयः ॥२३॥
23. dhenurvatsasya gopasya svāminastaskarasya ca ,
payaḥ pibati yastasyā dhenustasyeti niścayaḥ.
23. dhenuḥ vatsasya gopasya svāminaḥ taskarasya ca
payaḥ pibati yaḥ tasyāḥ dhenuḥ tasya iti niścayaḥ
23. dhenuḥ vatsasya gopasya svāminaḥ taskarasya ca payaḥ
(dadāti) yaḥ tasyāḥ (payaḥ) pibati dhenuḥ tasya iti niścayaḥ
23. A cow gives milk (payaḥ) for her calf, for the cowherd, for her owner, and also for a thief. Whoever drinks her milk, that cow is considered his – this is the definitive conclusion (niścaya).
ये च मूढतमा लोके ये च बुद्धेः परं गताः ।
ते नराः सुखमेधन्ते क्लिश्यत्यन्तरितो जनः ॥२४॥
24. ye ca mūḍhatamā loke ye ca buddheḥ paraṁ gatāḥ ,
te narāḥ sukhamedhante kliśyatyantarito janaḥ.
24. ye ca mūḍhatamāḥ loke ye ca buddheḥ param gatāḥ
te narāḥ sukham edhante kliśyati antaritaḥ janaḥ
24. ye ca mūḍhatamāḥ loke ye ca buddheḥ param gatāḥ
te narāḥ sukham edhante antaritaḥ janaḥ kliśyati
24. Those who are most deluded in the world, and those who have transcended the intellect, both these types of people prosper happily. The intermediate person, however, suffers.
अन्त्येषु रेमिरे धीरा न ते मध्येषु रेमिरे ।
अन्त्यप्राप्तिं सुखामाहुर्दुःखमन्तरमन्तयोः ॥२५॥
25. antyeṣu remire dhīrā na te madhyeṣu remire ,
antyaprāptiṁ sukhāmāhurduḥkhamantaramantayoḥ.
25. antyeṣu remire dhīrāḥ na te madhyeṣu remire
antyaprāptim sukhām āhuḥ duḥkham antaram antayoḥ
25. dhīrāḥ antyeṣu remire te madhyeṣu na remire
antyaprāptim sukhām āhuḥ antayoḥ antaram duḥkham
25. The wise find joy in the extremes, but they do not find joy in the middle paths. They declare the attainment of the extremes to be happiness, and the intermediate state between the two extremes to be sorrow.
ये तु बुद्धिसुखं प्राप्ता द्वंद्वातीता विमत्सराः ।
तान्नैवार्था न चानर्था व्यथयन्ति कदाचन ॥२६॥
26. ye tu buddhisukhaṁ prāptā dvaṁdvātītā vimatsarāḥ ,
tānnaivārthā na cānarthā vyathayanti kadācana.
26. ye tu buddhisukham prāptāḥ dvandvātītāḥ vimatsarāḥ
tān na eva arthāḥ na ca anarthāḥ vyathayanti kadācana
26. ye tu buddhisukham prāptāḥ dvandvātītāḥ vimatsarāḥ tān arthāḥ
na eva vyathayanti ca anarthāḥ na kadācana vyathayanti
26. But those who have attained the happiness of intellect, who have transcended the dualities (dvandvas), and are free from envy, neither desirable things nor undesirable things ever trouble them.
अथ ये बुद्धिमप्राप्ता व्यतिक्रान्ताश्च मूढताम् ।
तेऽतिवेलं प्रहृष्यन्ति संतापमुपयान्ति च ॥२७॥
27. atha ye buddhimaprāptā vyatikrāntāśca mūḍhatām ,
te'tivelaṁ prahṛṣyanti saṁtāpamupayānti ca.
27. atha ye buddhim aprāptāḥ vyatikrāntāḥ ca mūḍhatām
te ativelam prahṛṣyanti saṃtāpam upayānti ca
27. atha ye buddhim aprāptāḥ ca mūḍhatām vyatikrāntāḥ
te ativelam prahṛṣyanti ca saṃtāpam upayānti
27. Now, those who have not attained firm intellect, and yet have surpassed utter foolishness, they rejoice excessively and also fall into distress.
नित्यप्रमुदिता मूढा दिवि देवगणा इव ।
अवलेपेन महता परिदृब्धा विचेतसः ॥२८॥
28. nityapramuditā mūḍhā divi devagaṇā iva ,
avalepena mahatā paridṛbdhā vicetasaḥ.
28. nityapramuditā mūḍhā divi devagaṇā iva
avalepena mahatā paridṛbdhā vicetasaḥ
28. mūḍhā divi devagaṇā iva nityapramuditā
vicetasaḥ mahatā avalepena paridṛbdhā
28. The deluded ones (mūḍhā), ever joyful like hosts of gods in heaven, are mindless and greatly afflicted by arrogance.
सुखं दुःखान्तमालस्यं दुःखं दाक्ष्यं सुखोदयम् ।
भूतिश्चैव श्रिया सार्धं दक्षे वसति नालसे ॥२९॥
29. sukhaṁ duḥkhāntamālasyaṁ duḥkhaṁ dākṣyaṁ sukhodayam ,
bhūtiścaiva śriyā sārdhaṁ dakṣe vasati nālase.
29. sukham duḥkhāntam ālasyam duḥkham dākṣyam sukhodayam
bhūtiḥ ca eva śriyā sārdham dakṣe vasati na alase
29. ālasyam sukham duḥkhāntam; dākṣyam duḥkham sukhodayam;
bhūtiḥ ca eva śriyā sārdham dakṣe vasati na alase
29. Laziness (ālasya) is a comfort that ultimately ends in sorrow, whereas diligence (dākṣya) is a difficulty that gives rise to happiness. Prosperity and fortune (śrī) dwell in the diligent, not in the lazy.
सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं द्वेष्यं वा यदि वा प्रियम् ।
प्राप्तं प्राप्तमुपासीत हृदयेनापराजितः ॥३०॥
30. sukhaṁ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṁ dveṣyaṁ vā yadi vā priyam ,
prāptaṁ prāptamupāsīta hṛdayenāparājitaḥ.
30. sukham vā yadi vā duḥkham dveṣyam vā yadi vā
priyam prāptam prāptam upāsīta hṛdayena aparājitaḥ
30. aparājitaḥ hṛdayena sukham vā yadi vā duḥkham
dveṣyam vā yadi vā priyam prāptam prāptam upāsīta
30. One should accept whatever comes, be it happiness or sorrow, be it unpleasant or dear, with an unconquered heart.
शोकस्थानसहस्राणि हर्षस्थानशतानि च ।
दिवसे दिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति न पण्डितम् ॥३१॥
31. śokasthānasahasrāṇi harṣasthānaśatāni ca ,
divase divase mūḍhamāviśanti na paṇḍitam.
31. śokasthānasahasrāṇi harṣasthānaśatāni ca
divase divase mūḍham āviśanti na paṇḍitam
31. divase divase śokasthānasahasrāṇi ca
harṣasthānaśatāni mūḍham āviśanti na paṇḍitam
31. Every day, thousands of causes for sorrow and hundreds for joy afflict the deluded, but not the wise.
बुद्धिमन्तं कृतप्रज्ञं शुश्रूषुमनसूयकम् ।
दान्तं जितेन्द्रियं चापि शोको न स्पृशते नरम् ॥३२॥
32. buddhimantaṁ kṛtaprajñaṁ śuśrūṣumanasūyakam ,
dāntaṁ jitendriyaṁ cāpi śoko na spṛśate naram.
32. buddhimantam kṛtaprajñam śuśrūṣum anasūyakam
dāntam jitendriyam ca api śokaḥ na spṛśate naram
32. śokaḥ na spṛśate naram buddhimantam kṛtaprajñam
śuśrūṣum anasūyakam dāntam jitendriyam ca api
32. Sorrow (śoka) does not affect a person who is intelligent, has attained wisdom, is eager to learn, free from envy, self-controlled, and has mastered their senses.
एतां बुद्धिं समास्थाय गुप्तचित्तश्चरेद्बुधः ।
उदयास्तमयज्ञं हि न शोकः स्प्रष्टुमर्हति ॥३३॥
33. etāṁ buddhiṁ samāsthāya guptacittaścaredbudhaḥ ,
udayāstamayajñaṁ hi na śokaḥ spraṣṭumarhati.
33. etām buddhim samāsthāya guptacittaḥ caret budhaḥ
udayāstamayajñam hi na śokaḥ spraṣṭum arhati
33. budhaḥ etām buddhim samāsthāya guptacittaḥ caret.
hi śokaḥ udayāstamayajñam na spraṣṭum arhati
33. Having firmly established this understanding (buddhi), a wise person should conduct themselves with a guarded mind. For sorrow (śoka) is indeed unable to touch one who comprehends rise and fall.
यन्निमित्तं भवेच्छोकस्त्रासो वा दुःखमेव वा ।
आयासो वा यतोमूलस्तदेकाङ्गमपि त्यजेत् ॥३४॥
34. yannimittaṁ bhavecchokastrāso vā duḥkhameva vā ,
āyāso vā yatomūlastadekāṅgamapi tyajet.
34. yat nimittam bhavet śokaḥ trāsaḥ vā duḥkham eva
vā āyāsaḥ vā yatomūlaḥ tat ekāṅgam api tyajet
34. yat nimittam śokaḥ vā trāsaḥ vā duḥkham eva vā bhavet,
vā yatomūlaḥ āyāsaḥ bhavet,
tat ekāṅgam api tyajet
34. Whatever may be the cause of sorrow (śoka), or fear, or even suffering, or from which exhaustion (āyāsa) originates, one should abandon even a single part of that.
यद्यत्त्यजति कामानां तत्सुखस्याभिपूर्यते ।
कामानुसारी पुरुषः कामाननु विनश्यति ॥३५॥
35. yadyattyajati kāmānāṁ tatsukhasyābhipūryate ,
kāmānusārī puruṣaḥ kāmānanu vinaśyati.
35. yat yat tyajati kāmānām tat sukhasya abhipūryate
kāmānusārī puruṣaḥ kāmān anu vinaśyati
35. yat yat kāmānām tyajati,
tat sukhasya abhipūryate.
kāmānusārī puruṣaḥ kāmān anu vinaśyati
35. Whatever one renounces of desires (kāma), that much is filled with happiness (sukha). A person who follows desires (kāma) perishes along with those desires.
यच्च कामसुखं लोके यच्च दिव्यं महत्सुखम् ।
तृष्णाक्षयसुखस्यैते नार्हतः षोडशीं कलाम् ॥३६॥
36. yacca kāmasukhaṁ loke yacca divyaṁ mahatsukham ,
tṛṣṇākṣayasukhasyaite nārhataḥ ṣoḍaśīṁ kalām.
36. yat ca kāmasukham loke yat ca divyam mahat sukham
tṛṣṇākṣayasukhasya ete na arhatas ṣoḍaśīm kalām
36. loke yat ca kāmasukham yat ca divyam mahat sukham
ete tṛṣṇākṣayasukhasya ṣoḍaśīm kalām na arhatas
36. Whatever pleasure (sukha) of desire (kāmasukha) exists in the world, and whatever great divine pleasure (sukha) exists, these two are not worth even a sixteenth part of the happiness (sukha) that comes from the destruction of craving (tṛṣṇākṣaya).
पूर्वदेहकृतं कर्म शुभं वा यदि वाशुभम् ।
प्राज्ञं मूढं तथा शूरं भजते यादृशं कृतम् ॥३७॥
37. pūrvadehakṛtaṁ karma śubhaṁ vā yadi vāśubham ,
prājñaṁ mūḍhaṁ tathā śūraṁ bhajate yādṛśaṁ kṛtam.
37. pūrvadehakṛtam karma śubham vā yadi vā aśubham
prājñam mūḍham tathā śūram bhajate yādṛśam kṛtam
37. pūrvadehakṛtam karma śubham vā yadi vā aśubham
yādṛśam kṛtam prājñam mūḍham tathā śūram bhajate
37. The action (karma) performed in a previous body, whether it was auspicious or inauspicious, follows (bhajate) the wise, the foolish, and the brave, just as it was done.
एवमेव किलैतानि प्रियाण्येवाप्रियाणि च ।
जीवेषु परिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च ॥३८॥
38. evameva kilaitāni priyāṇyevāpriyāṇi ca ,
jīveṣu parivartante duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca.
38. evam eva kila etāni priyāṇi eva apriyāṇi ca
jīveṣu परिवर्तन्ते duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca
38. evam eva kila etāni priyāṇi eva apriyāṇi ca
duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca jīveṣu परिवर्तन्ते
38. Indeed, in this very way, these beloved things and unpleasant things, as well as sufferings (duḥkha) and happiness (sukha), alternate among living beings (jīveṣu).
तदेवं बुद्धिमास्थाय सुखं जीवेद्गुणान्वितः ।
सर्वान्कामाञ्जुगुप्सेत सङ्गान्कुर्वीत पृष्ठतः ।
वृत्त एष हृदि प्रौढो मृत्युरेष मनोमयः ॥३९॥
39. tadevaṁ buddhimāsthāya sukhaṁ jīvedguṇānvitaḥ ,
sarvānkāmāñjugupseta saṅgānkurvīta pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
vṛtta eṣa hṛdi prauḍho mṛtyureṣa manomayaḥ.
39. tat evam buddhim āsthāya sukham jīvet
guṇānvitaḥ sarvān kāmān jugupseta
saṅgān kurvīta pṛṣṭhataḥ vṛttaḥ eṣaḥ
hṛdi prauḍhaḥ mṛtyuḥ eṣaḥ manomayaḥ
39. tat evam buddhim āsthāya guṇānvitaḥ
sukham jīvet sarvān kāmān jugupseta
saṅgān pṛṣṭhataḥ kurvīta eṣaḥ prauḍhaḥ
mṛtyuḥ eṣaḥ manomayaḥ hṛdi vṛttaḥ
39. Therefore, having adopted such understanding (buddhi), one endowed with virtues (guṇānvita) should live happily. One should despise all desires (kāma) and cast attachments (saṅga) aside. This profound, mental death (mṛtyu) has arisen in the heart (hṛdi).
यदा संहरते कामान्कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः ।
तदात्मज्योतिरात्मा च आत्मन्येव प्रसीदति ॥४०॥
40. yadā saṁharate kāmānkūrmo'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ ,
tadātmajyotirātmā ca ātmanyeva prasīdati.
40. yadā saṃharate kāmān kūrmaḥ aṅgāni iva sarvaśaḥ
tadā ātmajyotiḥ ātmā ca ātmani eva prasīdati
40. yadā kūrmaḥ aṅgāni iva sarvaśaḥ kāmān saṃharate,
tadā ātmajyotiḥ ātmā ca ātmani eva prasīdati
40. When one completely withdraws desires (kāman), just as a tortoise withdraws its limbs entirely, then the self (ātman), which is its own light, becomes perfectly content within itself.
किंचिदेव ममत्वेन यदा भवति कल्पितम् ।
तदेव परितापार्थं सर्वं संपद्यते तदा ॥४१॥
41. kiṁcideva mamatvena yadā bhavati kalpitam ,
tadeva paritāpārthaṁ sarvaṁ saṁpadyate tadā.
41. kiñcit eva mamatvena yadā bhavati kalpitam
tat eva paritāpārtham sarvam sampadyate tadā
41. yadā kiñcit eva mamatvena kalpitam bhavati,
tadā tat sarvam eva paritāpārtham sampadyate
41. When something is imagined with a sense of possessiveness (mamatvena), then all of that invariably becomes a source of great suffering.
न बिभेति यदा चायं यदा चास्मान्न बिभ्यति ।
यदा नेच्छति न द्वेष्टि ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥४२॥
42. na bibheti yadā cāyaṁ yadā cāsmānna bibhyati ,
yadā necchati na dveṣṭi brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
42. na bibheti yadā ca ayam yadā ca asmāt na bibhyati
yadā na icchati na dveṣṭi brahma sampadyate tadā
42. yadā ayam na bibheti,
yadā ca asmāt na bibhyati,
yadā na icchati,
na dveṣṭi,
tadā brahma sampadyate
42. When one does not fear, and when others do not fear him; when one neither desires nor hates, then one attains (brahman).
उभे सत्यानृते त्यक्त्वा शोकानन्दौ भयाभये ।
प्रियाप्रिये परित्यज्य प्रशान्तात्मा भविष्यसि ॥४३॥
43. ubhe satyānṛte tyaktvā śokānandau bhayābhaye ,
priyāpriye parityajya praśāntātmā bhaviṣyasi.
43. ubhe satyānṛte tyaktvā śokānandau bhayābhaye
priyāpriye parityajya praśāntātmā bhaviṣyasi
43. ubhe satyānṛte,
śokānandau,
bhayābhaye,
priyāpriye tyaktvā parityajya,
praśāntātmā bhaviṣyasi
43. Having abandoned both truth and untruth, sorrow and joy, fear and fearlessness, and both the pleasant and the unpleasant, you will become one whose self (ātman) is perfectly tranquil.
यदा न कुरुते धीरः सर्वभूतेषु पापकम् ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥४४॥
44. yadā na kurute dhīraḥ sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam ,
karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
44. yadā na kurute dhīraḥ sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam
karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma sampadyate tadā
44. yadā dhīraḥ karmaṇā manasā vācā sarvabhūteṣu
pāpakam na kurute tadā brahma sampadyate
44. When a steadfast person commits no evil against any beings, whether by action (karma), thought, or word, then he attains the Absolute (brahman).
या दुस्त्यजा दुर्मतिभिर्या न जीर्यति जीर्यतः ।
योऽसौ प्राणान्तिको रोगस्तां तृष्णां त्यजतः सुखम् ॥४५॥
45. yā dustyajā durmatibhiryā na jīryati jīryataḥ ,
yo'sau prāṇāntiko rogastāṁ tṛṣṇāṁ tyajataḥ sukham.
45. yā dustyajā durmatibhiḥ yā na jīryati jīryataḥ yaḥ
asau prāṇāntikaḥ rogaḥ tām tṛṣṇām tyajataḥ sukham
45. yā durmatibhiḥ dustyajā yā jīryataḥ na jīryati yaḥ
asau prāṇāntikaḥ rogaḥ tām tṛṣṇām tyajataḥ sukham
45. That craving (tṛṣṇā) which is difficult for the foolish to abandon, which does not diminish even as one grows old, and which is a fatal disease – happiness comes to one who gives up that craving.
अत्र पिङ्गलया गीता गाथाः श्रूयन्ति पार्थिव ।
यथा सा कृच्छ्रकालेऽपि लेभे धर्मं सनातनम् ॥४६॥
46. atra piṅgalayā gītā gāthāḥ śrūyanti pārthiva ,
yathā sā kṛcchrakāle'pi lebhe dharmaṁ sanātanam.
46. atra piṅgalayā gītāḥ gāthāḥ śrūyanti pārthiva
yathā sā kṛcchrakāle api lebhe dharmam sanātanam
46. pārthiva atra piṅgalayā gītāḥ gāthāḥ śrūyanti
yathā sā kṛcchrakāle api sanātanam dharmam lebhe
46. O King (Pārthiva), here are heard the verses sung by Piṅgalā, (describing) how she attained the eternal intrinsic nature (dharma) even in a difficult time.
संकेते पिङ्गला वेश्या कान्तेनासीद्विनाकृता ।
अथ कृच्छ्रगता शान्तां बुद्धिमास्थापयत्तदा ॥४७॥
47. saṁkete piṅgalā veśyā kāntenāsīdvinākṛtā ,
atha kṛcchragatā śāntāṁ buddhimāsthāpayattadā.
47. saṃkete piṅgalā veśyā kāntena āsīt vinākṛtā
atha kṛcchragatā śāntām buddhim āsthāpayat tadā
47. saṃkete veśyā piṅgalā kāntena vinākṛtā āsīt
atha tadā kṛcchragatā śāntām buddhim āsthāpayat
47. At the designated meeting place, Piṅgalā, the courtesan, was left alone by her lover. Then, finding herself in distress, she established a calm mind (buddhi).
पिङ्गलोवाच ।
उन्मत्ताहमनुन्मत्तं कान्तमन्ववसं चिरम् ।
अन्तिके रमणं सन्तं नैनमध्यगमं पुरा ॥४८॥
48. piṅgalovāca ,
unmattāhamanunmattaṁ kāntamanvavasaṁ ciram ,
antike ramaṇaṁ santaṁ nainamadhyagamaṁ purā.
48. piṅgalā uvāca unmattā aham anunmattam kāntam anu avasam
ciram antike ramaṇam santam na enam adhi agamam purā
48. piṅgalā uvāca unmattā aham anunmattam kāntam ciram anu
avasam antike santam ramaṇam enam purā na adhi agamam
48. Piṅgalā said: "Infatuated as I was, I pursued a lover who was not truly devoted for a long time. My real beloved (ramaṇa) was always close by, yet I failed to recognize him until now."
एकस्थूणं नवद्वारमपिधास्याम्यगारकम् ।
का हि कान्तमिहायान्तमयं कान्तेति मंस्यते ॥४९॥
49. ekasthūṇaṁ navadvāramapidhāsyāmyagārakam ,
kā hi kāntamihāyāntamayaṁ kānteti maṁsyate.
49. ekasthūṇam navadvāram apidhāsyāmi agārakam kā
hi kāntam iha āyāntam ayam kāntaḥ iti maṃsyate
49. ekasthūṇam navadvāram agārakam apidhāsyāmi kā
hi iha āyāntam kāntam ayam kāntaḥ iti maṃsyate
49. I will seal this body (agāraka), which has a single pillar (eka-sthūṇa) and nine doors (nava-dvāra). For who, indeed, would then consider anyone approaching it to be their true beloved (kānta)?
अकामाः कामरूपेण धूर्ता नरकरूपिणः ।
न पुनर्वञ्चयिष्यन्ति प्रतिबुद्धास्मि जागृमि ॥५०॥
50. akāmāḥ kāmarūpeṇa dhūrtā narakarūpiṇaḥ ,
na punarvañcayiṣyanti pratibuddhāsmi jāgṛmi.
50. akāmāḥ kāmarūpeṇa dhūrtāḥ narakarūpiṇaḥ na
punaḥ vañcayisṣyanti pratibuddhā asmi jāgṛmi
50. akāmāḥ kāmarūpeṇa dhūrtāḥ narakarūpiṇaḥ punaḥ
na vañcayisṣyanti pratibuddhā asmi jāgṛmi
50. These deceivers (dhūrta) who assume various desired forms (kāma-rūpeṇa) but are truly hellish (naraka-rūpiṇaḥ) will never again delude me, for I am now awakened (pratibuddhā asmi) and fully alert (jāgṛmi).
अनर्थोऽपि भवत्यर्थो दैवात्पूर्वकृतेन वा ।
संबुद्धाहं निराकारा नाहमद्याजितेन्द्रिया ॥५१॥
51. anartho'pi bhavatyartho daivātpūrvakṛtena vā ,
saṁbuddhāhaṁ nirākārā nāhamadyājitendriyā.
51. anarthaḥ api bhavati arthaḥ daivāt pūrvakṛtena vā
saṃbuddhā aham nirākārā na aham adya ajitendriyā
51. anarthaḥ api daivāt vā pūrvakṛtena arthaḥ bhavati
aham saṃbuddhā nirākārā na aham adya ajitendriyā
51. Even misfortune (anartha) can become a source of fortune (artha), whether by destiny (daivāt) or by actions performed in the past (pūrvakṛtena karma). I am now completely awakened (sambuddhā), free from attachment to form (nirākārā); today, I am no longer one whose senses (indriya) are unconquered (ajita).
सुखं निराशः स्वपिति नैराश्यं परमं सुखम् ।
आशामनाशां कृत्वा हि सुखं स्वपिति पिङ्गला ॥५२॥
52. sukhaṁ nirāśaḥ svapiti nairāśyaṁ paramaṁ sukham ,
āśāmanāśāṁ kṛtvā hi sukhaṁ svapiti piṅgalā.
52. sukham nirāśaḥ svapiti nairāśyam paramam sukham
| āśām anāśām kṛtvā hi sukham svapiti piṅgalā
52. nirāśaḥ sukham svapiti; nairāśyam paramam sukham (asti).
hi piṅgalā āśām anāśām kṛtvā sukham svapiti.
52. One who is free from desires sleeps happily; indeed, freedom from desire is the supreme happiness. For instance, Piṅgalā, having transformed her hope into no-hope, slept happily.
भीष्म उवाच ।
एतैश्चान्यैश्च विप्रस्य हेतुमद्भिः प्रभाषितैः ।
पर्यवस्थापितो राजा सेनजिन्मुमुदे सुखम् ॥५३॥
53. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etaiścānyaiśca viprasya hetumadbhiḥ prabhāṣitaiḥ ,
paryavasthāpito rājā senajinmumude sukham.
53. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | etaiḥ ca anyaiḥ ca viprasya hetumadbhiḥ
prabhāṣitaiḥ | paryavasthāpitaḥ rājā senajit mumude sukham
53. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
viprasya etaiḥ ca anyaiḥ ca hetumadbhiḥ prabhāṣitaiḥ,
paryavasthāpitaḥ rājā senajit sukham mumude.
53. Bhīṣma said: King Senajit, having been consoled by these and other logical statements of the brahmin, rejoiced happily.