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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं तदक्षरमित्युक्तं यस्मान्नावर्तते पुनः ।
किं च तत्क्षरमित्युक्तं यस्मादावर्तते पुनः ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ tadakṣaramityuktaṁ yasmānnāvartate punaḥ ,
kiṁ ca tatkṣaramityuktaṁ yasmādāvartate punaḥ.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim tat akṣaram iti uktam yasmāt na āvartate
punaḥ kim ca tat kṣaram iti uktam yasmāt āvartate punaḥ
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yasmāt punaḥ na āvartate tat kim akṣaram
iti uktam ca yasmāt punaḥ āvartate tat kim kṣaram iti uktam
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: What is that which is termed "the imperishable", from which one does not return again? And what is that which is termed "the perishable", from which one does return again?
अक्षरक्षरयोर्व्यक्तिमिच्छाम्यरिनिषूदन ।
उपलब्धुं महाबाहो तत्त्वेन कुरुनन्दन ॥२॥
2. akṣarakṣarayorvyaktimicchāmyariniṣūdana ,
upalabdhuṁ mahābāho tattvena kurunandana.
2. akṣarakṣarayoḥ vyaktim icchāmi ariniṣūdana
upalabdhum mahābāho tattvena kurunandana
2. ariniṣūdana mahābāho kurunandana akṣarakṣarayoḥ
vyaktim tattvena upalabdhum icchāmi
2. O destroyer of foes (ariniṣūdana), O mighty-armed one (mahābāho), O delight of the Kurus (kurunandana), I desire to truly comprehend the nature of both the imperishable and the perishable.
त्वं हि ज्ञाननिधिर्विप्रैरुच्यसे वेदपारगैः ।
ऋषिभिश्च महाभागैर्यतिभिश्च महात्मभिः ॥३॥
3. tvaṁ hi jñānanidhirviprairucyase vedapāragaiḥ ,
ṛṣibhiśca mahābhāgairyatibhiśca mahātmabhiḥ.
3. tvam hi jñānanidhiḥ vipraiḥ ucyase vedapāragaiḥ
ṛṣibhiḥ ca mahābhāgaiḥ yatibhiḥ ca mahātmabhiḥ
3. hi tvam jñānanidhiḥ vedapāragaiḥ vipraiḥ ca
mahābhāgaiḥ ṛṣibhiḥ ca mahātmabhiḥ yatibhiḥ ucyase
3. You are indeed declared a treasure of knowledge by Brahmins who have mastered the Vedas, as well as by illustrious sages and great-souled ascetics.
शेषमल्पं दिनानां ते दक्षिणायनभास्करे ।
आवृत्ते भगवत्यर्के गन्तासि परमां गतिम् ॥४॥
4. śeṣamalpaṁ dinānāṁ te dakṣiṇāyanabhāskare ,
āvṛtte bhagavatyarke gantāsi paramāṁ gatim.
4. śeṣam alpam dinānām te dakṣiṇāyanabhāskare
āvṛtte bhagavati arke gantā asi paramām gatim
4. te dinānām alpam śeṣam dakṣiṇāyanabhāskare āvṛtte
bhagavati arke (sati) paramām gatim gantā asi
4. Only a few days of your life remain during this period when the sun is in its southern course (dakṣināyaṇa). Once the revered sun (arka) turns to its northern course (uttarāyaṇa), you will attain the supreme destination.
त्वयि प्रतिगते श्रेयः कुतः श्रोष्यामहे वयम् ।
कुरुवंशप्रदीपस्त्वं ज्ञानद्रव्येण दीप्यसे ॥५॥
5. tvayi pratigate śreyaḥ kutaḥ śroṣyāmahe vayam ,
kuruvaṁśapradīpastvaṁ jñānadravyeṇa dīpyase.
5. tvayi pratigate śreyaḥ kutaḥ śroṣyāmahe vayam
kuruvaṃśapradīpaḥ tvam jñānadravyeṇa dīpyase
5. tvayi pratigate vayam śreyaḥ kutaḥ śroṣyāmahe
tvam kuruvaṃśapradīpaḥ jñānadravyeṇa dīpyase
5. Once you depart, from whom will we hear about what is truly beneficial (śreyas)? You are indeed the lamp of the Kuru lineage, glowing brightly with the wealth of knowledge.
तदेतच्छ्रोतुमिच्छामि त्वत्तः कुरुकुलोद्वह ।
न तृप्यामीह राजेन्द्र शृण्वन्नमृतमीदृशम् ॥६॥
6. tadetacchrotumicchāmi tvattaḥ kurukulodvaha ,
na tṛpyāmīha rājendra śṛṇvannamṛtamīdṛśam.
6. tat etat śrotum icchāmi tvattaḥ kurukulodvaha
na tṛpyāmi iha rājendra śṛṇvan amṛtam īdṛśam
6. kurukulodvaha,
tvattaḥ tat etat śrotum icchāmi rājendra,
īdṛśam amṛtam śṛṇvan iha na tṛpyāmi
6. Therefore, O upholder of the Kuru lineage, I desire to hear this from you. Here, O great king, I am not satisfied (tṛpti) while listening to such nectar-like discourse.
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्येऽहमितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
वसिष्ठस्य च संवादं करालजनकस्य च ॥७॥
7. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atra te vartayiṣye'hamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
vasiṣṭhasya ca saṁvādaṁ karālajanakasya ca.
7. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra te vartayiṣye aham itihāsam
purātanam vasiṣṭhasya ca saṃvādam karālajanakasya ca
7. aham atra te purātanam itihāsam vasiṣṭhasya ca
karālajanakasya ca saṃvādam vartayiṣye iti bhīṣmaḥ uvāca
7. Bhishma said: I will now recount to you an ancient narrative, the dialogue between Vasiṣṭha and Karāla Janaka.
वसिष्ठं श्रेष्ठमासीनमृषीणां भास्करद्युतिम् ।
पप्रच्छ जनको राजा ज्ञानं नैःश्रेयसं परम् ॥८॥
8. vasiṣṭhaṁ śreṣṭhamāsīnamṛṣīṇāṁ bhāskaradyutim ,
papraccha janako rājā jñānaṁ naiḥśreyasaṁ param.
8. vasiṣṭham śreṣṭham āsīnam ṛṣīṇām bhāskaradyutim
papraccha janakaḥ rājā jñānam naiḥśreyasam param
8. rājā janakaḥ ṛṣīṇām śreṣṭham bhāskaradyutim āsīnam
vasiṣṭham param naiḥśreyasam jñānam papraccha
8. King Janaka asked Vasiṣṭha, who was seated, the most excellent among sages, and radiant like the sun, about the supreme knowledge (jñāna) that leads to ultimate liberation (mokṣa).
परमध्यात्मकुशलमध्यात्मगतिनिश्चयम् ।
मैत्रावरुणिमासीनमभिवाद्य कृताञ्जलिः ॥९॥
9. paramadhyātmakuśalamadhyātmagatiniścayam ,
maitrāvaruṇimāsīnamabhivādya kṛtāñjaliḥ.
9. param adhyātma-kuśalam adhyātma-gati-niścayam
maitrāvaruṇim āsīnam abhivādya kṛtāñjaliḥ
9. saḥ rājā janakaḥ kṛtāñjaliḥ san
āsīnam maitrāvaruṇim vasiṣṭham param
adhyātma-kuśalam adhyātma-gati-niścayam
tam abhivādya papraccha
9. (King Janaka, who was) having joined palms, bowed respectfully to the son of Mitrā-Varuṇa (Vasiṣṭha), who was seated, supremely skilled in spiritual matters (adhyātma), and possessed of certain knowledge regarding the spiritual path (adhyātma-gati).
स्वक्षरं प्रश्रितं वाक्यं मधुरं चाप्यनुल्बणम् ।
पप्रच्छर्षिवरं राजा करालजनकः पुरा ॥१०॥
10. svakṣaraṁ praśritaṁ vākyaṁ madhuraṁ cāpyanulbaṇam ,
papraccharṣivaraṁ rājā karālajanakaḥ purā.
10. svakṣaram praśritam vākyam madhuram ca api
anulbaṇam papraccha ṛṣivaram rājā karālajanakaḥ purā
10. purā rājā karālajanakaḥ ṛṣivaram svakṣaram
praśritam madhuram ca api anulbaṇam vākyam papraccha
10. King Karāla Janaka formerly questioned the best of sages (ṛṣivara) with a well-articulated, humble, pleasant, and unexaggerated speech.
भगवञ्श्रोतुमिच्छामि परं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।
यस्मान्न पुनरावृत्तिमाप्नुवन्ति मनीषिणः ॥११॥
11. bhagavañśrotumicchāmi paraṁ brahma sanātanam ,
yasmānna punarāvṛttimāpnuvanti manīṣiṇaḥ.
11. bhagavan śrotum icchāmi param brahma sanātanam
yasmāt na punaḥ āvṛttim āpnuvanti manīṣiṇaḥ
11. bhagavan,
(aham) param sanātanam brahma śrotum icchāmi,
yasmāt manīṣiṇaḥ punaḥ āvṛttim na āpnuvanti.
11. O revered one, I wish to hear about the eternal Supreme (brahman), from which the wise do not return (i.e., they attain final liberation and are not reborn).
यच्च तत्क्षरमित्युक्तं यत्रेदं क्षरते जगत् ।
यच्चाक्षरमिति प्रोक्तं शिवं क्षेम्यमनामयम् ॥१२॥
12. yacca tatkṣaramityuktaṁ yatredaṁ kṣarate jagat ,
yaccākṣaramiti proktaṁ śivaṁ kṣemyamanāmayam.
12. yat ca tat kṣaram iti uktam yatra idam kṣarate jagat
yat ca akṣaram iti proktam śivam kṣemyam anāmayam
12. ca yat tat kṣaram iti uktam,
yatra idam jagat kṣarate; ca yat akṣaram iti proktam śivam kṣemyam anāmayam.
12. And also that which is called "perishable" (kṣara), in which this entire world (jagat) dissolves; and that which is declared "imperishable" (akṣara), which is auspicious, salutary, and unblemished.
वसिष्ठ उवाच ।
श्रूयतां पृथिवीपाल क्षरतीदं यथा जगत् ।
यन्न क्षरति पूर्वेण यावत्कालेन चाप्यथ ॥१३॥
13. vasiṣṭha uvāca ,
śrūyatāṁ pṛthivīpāla kṣaratīdaṁ yathā jagat ,
yanna kṣarati pūrveṇa yāvatkālena cāpyatha.
13. vasiṣṭha uvāca śrūyatām pṛthivīpāla kṣarati idam yathā
jagat yat na kṣarati pūrveṇa yāvat kālena ca api atha
13. vasiṣṭha uvāca.
pṛthivīpāla,
śrūyatām.
yathā idam jagat kṣarati,
ca yat pūrveṇa na kṣarati,
atha ca yāvat kālena.
13. Vasiṣṭha said: O protector of the earth (pṛthivīpāla), listen (to this): how this world (jagat) perishes; and [learn about] that which does not perish according to the former [description], and for how long it endures.
युगं द्वादशसाहस्रं कल्पं विद्धि चतुर्गुणम् ।
दशकल्पशतावृत्तं तदहर्ब्राह्ममुच्यते ।
रात्रिश्चैतावती राजन्यस्यान्ते प्रतिबुध्यते ॥१४॥
14. yugaṁ dvādaśasāhasraṁ kalpaṁ viddhi caturguṇam ,
daśakalpaśatāvṛttaṁ tadaharbrāhmamucyate ,
rātriścaitāvatī rājanyasyānte pratibudhyate.
14. yugam dvādaśasāhasram kalpam viddhi
caturguṇam daśakalpaśatāvṛttam
tat ahaḥ brāhmam ucyate rātriḥ ca
etāvatī rājan yasya ante pratibudhyate
14. rājan,
yugam dvādaśasāhasram; kalpam caturguṇam viddhi.
daśakalpaśatāvṛttam tat brāhmam ahaḥ ucyate.
ca etāvatī rātriḥ; yasya ante (saḥ) pratibudhyate.
14. A yuga (mahāyuga) is [said to be] twelve thousand [divine years]; understand a kalpa (mahāyuga) to be made of four parts. A period of one thousand such kalpas (mahāyugas) is called a day of Brahmā. And the night, O king, is of the same duration, at the end of which he (Brahmā) awakens.
सृजत्यनन्तकर्माणं महान्तं भूतमग्रजम् ।
मूर्तिमन्तममूर्तात्मा विश्वं शंभुः स्वयंभुवः ।
अणिमा लघिमा प्राप्तिरीशानं ज्योतिरव्ययम् ॥१५॥
15. sṛjatyanantakarmāṇaṁ mahāntaṁ bhūtamagrajam ,
mūrtimantamamūrtātmā viśvaṁ śaṁbhuḥ svayaṁbhuvaḥ ,
aṇimā laghimā prāptirīśānaṁ jyotiravyayam.
15. sṛjati anantakarmāṇam mahāntam bhūtam
agrajam mūrtimantam amūrtātmā
viśvam śambhuḥ svayambhuvaḥ aṇimā
laghimā prāptiḥ īśānam jyotiḥ avyayam
15. amūrtātmā śambhuḥ anantakarmāṇam mahāntam agrajam mūrtimantam bhūtam svayambhuvaḥ viśvam sṛjati.
aṇimā laghimā prāptiḥ īśānam jyotiḥ avyayam.
15. The formless Self (ātman), Shiva, creates the great, first-born, embodied being of infinite actions (karma) and the universe pertaining to the self-existent one (Svayambhu). (He manifests as) subtlety (aṇimā), lightness (laghimā), attainment (prāpti), supremacy, and the imperishable light.
सर्वतःपाणिपादान्तं सर्वतोक्षिशिरोमुखम् ।
सर्वतःश्रुतिमल्लोके सर्वमावृत्य तिष्ठति ॥१६॥
16. sarvataḥpāṇipādāntaṁ sarvatokṣiśiromukham ,
sarvataḥśrutimalloke sarvamāvṛtya tiṣṭhati.
16. sarvataḥpāṇipādāntam sarvatokṣiśiromukham
sarvataḥśrutimat loke sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhati
16. sarvataḥpāṇipādāntam sarvatokṣiśiromukham sarvataḥśrutimat loke sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhati.
16. Having hands and feet everywhere, having eyes, heads, and mouths everywhere, having ears everywhere, it exists pervading everything in the world.
हिरण्यगर्भो भगवानेष बुद्धिरिति स्मृतः ।
महानिति च योगेषु विरिञ्च इति चाप्युत ॥१७॥
17. hiraṇyagarbho bhagavāneṣa buddhiriti smṛtaḥ ,
mahāniti ca yogeṣu viriñca iti cāpyuta.
17. hiraṇyagarbhaḥ bhagavān eṣaḥ buddhiḥ iti smṛtaḥ
mahān iti ca yogeṣu viriñcaḥ iti ca api uta
17. eṣaḥ bhagavān hiraṇyagarbhaḥ buddhiḥ iti smṛtaḥ.
yogeṣu ca mahān iti ca api uta viriñcaḥ iti.
17. This divine Hiraṇyagarbha is known as Buddhi (intellect). And in the systems of Yoga (yoga), he is also called Mahān (the Great Principle), and moreover, Viriñca (Brahma).
सांख्ये च पठ्यते शास्त्रे नामभिर्बहुधात्मकः ।
विचित्ररूपो विश्वात्मा एकाक्षर इति स्मृतः ॥१८॥
18. sāṁkhye ca paṭhyate śāstre nāmabhirbahudhātmakaḥ ,
vicitrarūpo viśvātmā ekākṣara iti smṛtaḥ.
18. sāṅkhye ca paṭhyate śāstre nāmabhiḥ bahudhātmakaḥ
vicitrarūpaḥ viśvātmā ekākṣaraḥ iti smṛtaḥ
18. (saḥ) sāṅkhye śāstre ca paṭhyate.
(saḥ) nāmabhiḥ bahudhātmakaḥ vicitrarūpaḥ viśvātmā ekākṣaraḥ iti smṛtaḥ.
18. And in the Sāṃkhya (sāṅkhya) treatise, he is mentioned. He is known by various names as the one having many natures, of wonderful forms, the universal Self (ātman), and the one syllable (Om).
वृतं नैकात्मकं येन कृत्स्नं त्रैलोक्यमात्मना ।
तथैव बहुरूपत्वाद्विश्वरूप इति स्मृतः ॥१९॥
19. vṛtaṁ naikātmakaṁ yena kṛtsnaṁ trailokyamātmanā ,
tathaiva bahurūpatvādviśvarūpa iti smṛtaḥ.
19. vṛtam na ekātmakaṃ yena kṛtsnam trailokyam ātmanā
tathā eva bahurūpatvāt viśvarūpaḥ iti smṛtaḥ
19. yena ātmanā ekātmakaṃ na vṛtam kṛtsnam trailokyam.
tathā eva bahurūpatvāt viśvarūpaḥ iti smṛtaḥ
19. By whom the entire three worlds are encompassed by his own self (ātman), which is not of a single nature. In the same way, because of his manifold forms, he is remembered as Viśvarūpa (the universal form).
एष वै विक्रियापन्नः सृजत्यात्मानमात्मना ।
अहंकारं महातेजाः प्रजापतिमहंकृतम् ॥२०॥
20. eṣa vai vikriyāpannaḥ sṛjatyātmānamātmanā ,
ahaṁkāraṁ mahātejāḥ prajāpatimahaṁkṛtam.
20. eṣaḥ vai vikriyāpannaḥ sṛjati ātmānam ātmanā
ahaṅkāram mahātejāḥ prajāpatim ahaṃkṛtam
20. eṣaḥ mahātejāḥ vikriyāpannaḥ vai ātmanā ātmānam sṛjati.
(saḥ) ahaṃkṛtam ahaṅkāram prajāpatim (sṛjati).
20. This one, indeed, undergoing transformation, creates his own self (ātman) by his own self (ātman). The greatly effulgent one creates Prajāpati, who is the ego (ahaṅkāra) and is endowed with ego-sense.
अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तमुत्पन्नं विद्यासर्गं वदन्ति तम् ।
महान्तं चाप्यहंकारमविद्यासर्गमेव च ॥२१॥
21. avyaktādvyaktamutpannaṁ vidyāsargaṁ vadanti tam ,
mahāntaṁ cāpyahaṁkāramavidyāsargameva ca.
21. avyaktāt vyaktam utpannam vidyāsargam vadanti
tam mahāntam ca api ahaṅkāram avidyāsargam eva ca
21. avyaktāt utpannam vyaktam tam vidyāsargam vadanti.
ca api mahāntam ahaṅkāram eva ca avidyāsargam (vadanti).
21. They declare that which has manifested from the unmanifest (avyakta) to be the creation of knowledge (vidyāsarga). And they also refer to the Mahat (the great principle) and the ego (ahaṅkāra) as indeed the creation of ignorance (avidyāsarga).
अविधिश्च विधिश्चैव समुत्पन्नौ तथैकतः ।
विद्याविद्येति विख्याते श्रुतिशास्त्रार्थचिन्तकैः ॥२२॥
22. avidhiśca vidhiścaiva samutpannau tathaikataḥ ,
vidyāvidyeti vikhyāte śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ.
22. avidhiḥ ca vidhiḥ ca eva samutpannau tathā ekataḥ
vidyā avidye iti vikhyāte śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ
22. avidhiḥ ca vidhiḥ ca eva tathā ekataḥ samutpannau.
(tau) vidyā avidye iti śrutiśāstrārthacintakaiḥ vikhyāte.
22. Ignorance (avidhi) and knowledge (vidhi) both arose in that manner from a single source. These two are famously known as knowledge (vidyā) and ignorance (avidyā) by those who contemplate the meaning of the Vedic texts (śruti) and scriptures (śāstra).
भूतसर्गमहंकारात्तृतीयं विद्धि पार्थिव ।
अहंकारेषु भूतेषु चतुर्थं विद्धि वैकृतम् ॥२३॥
23. bhūtasargamahaṁkārāttṛtīyaṁ viddhi pārthiva ,
ahaṁkāreṣu bhūteṣu caturthaṁ viddhi vaikṛtam.
23. bhūtasargam ahaṅkārāt tṛtīyam viddhi pārthiva
ahaṅkāreṣu bhūteṣu caturtham viddhi vaikṛtam
23. pārthiva ahaṅkārāt bhūtasargam tṛtīyam viddhi
ahaṅkāreṣu bhūteṣu vaikṛtam caturtham viddhi
23. O King, know the creation of the subtle elements (bhūtasarga) originating from the ego (ahaṅkāra) as the third. And understand the fourth as the derivative creation (vaikṛtam), which arises from the ego and the elements.
वायुर्ज्योतिरथाकाशमापोऽथ पृथिवी तथा ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धस्तथैव च ॥२४॥
24. vāyurjyotirathākāśamāpo'tha pṛthivī tathā ,
śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca raso gandhastathaiva ca.
24. vāyuḥ jyotiḥ atha ākāśam āpaḥ atha pṛthivī tathā
śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ gandhaḥ tathā eva ca
24. vāyuḥ jyotiḥ atha ākāśam āpaḥ atha pṛthivī tathā śabdaḥ
ca sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ ca gandhaḥ tathā eva ca
24. Air, light (jyotis), then space (ākāśa), water, and earth; likewise, sound, touch, form, taste, and smell.
एवं युगपदुत्पन्नं दशवर्गमसंशयम् ।
पञ्चमं विद्धि राजेन्द्र भौतिकं सर्गमर्थवत् ॥२५॥
25. evaṁ yugapadutpannaṁ daśavargamasaṁśayam ,
pañcamaṁ viddhi rājendra bhautikaṁ sargamarthavat.
25. evam yugapat utpannam daśavargam asaṃśayam
pañcamam viddhi rājendra bhautikam sargam arthavat
25. rājendra evam yugapat utpannam daśavargam
asaṃśayam bhautikam arthavat sargam pañcamam viddhi
25. O King of kings, know this group of ten, which arose simultaneously, to be undoubtedly the fifth creation—the significant material creation.
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चक्षुषी जिह्वा घ्राणमेव च पञ्चमम् ।
वाक्च हस्तौ च पादौ च पायुर्मेढ्रं तथैव च ॥२६॥
26. śrotraṁ tvakcakṣuṣī jihvā ghrāṇameva ca pañcamam ,
vākca hastau ca pādau ca pāyurmeḍhraṁ tathaiva ca.
26. śrotram tvak cakṣuṣī jihvā ghrāṇam eva ca pañcamam
vāk ca hastau ca pādau ca pāyuḥ meḍhram tathā eva ca
26. śrotram tvak cakṣuṣī jihvā ca ghrāṇam ca eva pañcamam
vāk ca hastau ca pādau ca pāyuḥ ca meḍhram tathā eva ca
26. The ear, skin, eyes, tongue, and indeed the nose as the fifth (sense organ); and speech, hands, feet, the anus, and similarly the genitals.
बुद्धीन्द्रियाणि चैतानि तथा कर्मेन्द्रियाणि च ।
संभूतानीह युगपन्मनसा सह पार्थिव ॥२७॥
27. buddhīndriyāṇi caitāni tathā karmendriyāṇi ca ,
saṁbhūtānīha yugapanmanasā saha pārthiva.
27. buddhīndriyāṇi ca etāni tathā karmendriyāṇi ca
saṃbhūtāni iha yugapat manasā saha pārthiva
27. pārthiva buddhīndriyāṇi ca etāni tathā
karmendriyāṇi ca manasā saha iha yugapat saṃbhūtāni
27. And these senses of knowledge, along with the organs of action, have arisen here simultaneously, together with the mind, O King.
एषा तत्त्वचतुर्विंशा सर्वाकृतिषु वर्तते ।
यां ज्ञात्वा नाभिशोचन्ति ब्राह्मणास्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥२८॥
28. eṣā tattvacaturviṁśā sarvākṛtiṣu vartate ,
yāṁ jñātvā nābhiśocanti brāhmaṇāstattvadarśinaḥ.
28. eṣā tattvacaturviṃśā sarvākṛtiṣu vartate | yām
jñātvā na abhiśocanti brāhmaṇāḥ tattvadarśinaḥ
28. eṣā tattvacaturviṃśā sarvākṛtiṣu vartate.
yām jñātvā tattvadarśinaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ na abhiśocanti.
28. This twenty-fourth principle (tattva) is present in all forms. Knowing this, the Brahmins (brāhmaṇa), who are seers of truth, do not grieve.
एतद्देहं समाख्यातं त्रैलोक्ये सर्वदेहिषु ।
वेदितव्यं नरश्रेष्ठ सदेवनरदानवे ॥२९॥
29. etaddehaṁ samākhyātaṁ trailokye sarvadehiṣu ,
veditavyaṁ naraśreṣṭha sadevanaradānave.
29. etat deham samākhyātam trailokye sarvadehiṣu
| veditavyam naraśreṣṭha sadevanaradanave
29. naraśreṣṭha,
etat deham trailokye sarvadehiṣu sadevanaradanave samākhyātam veditavyam
29. This body has been declared (samākhyāta) in the three worlds, among all embodied beings. It should be known (veditavya), O best among men, by gods, humans, and demons alike.
सयक्षभूतगन्धर्वे सकिंनरमहोरगे ।
सचारणपिशाचे वै सदेवर्षिनिशाचरे ॥३०॥
30. sayakṣabhūtagandharve sakiṁnaramahorage ,
sacāraṇapiśāce vai sadevarṣiniśācare.
30. sayakṣabhūtagandharve sakiṃnaramahorage
| sacāraṇapiśāce vai sadevarṣiniśācare
30. sayakṣabhūtagandharve sakiṃnaramahorage
sacāraṇapiśāce vai sadevarṣiniśācare
30. This includes (beings) with Yakshas, Bhutas, and Gandharvas; with Kinnaras and great Uragas (Nāga); with Charaṇas and Pisacas, indeed; and with divine sages (devarṣi) and night-prowlers (niśācara).
सदंशकीटमशके सपूतिकृमिमूषके ।
शुनि श्वपाके वैणेये सचण्डाले सपुल्कसे ॥३१॥
31. sadaṁśakīṭamaśake sapūtikṛmimūṣake ,
śuni śvapāke vaiṇeye sacaṇḍāle sapulkase.
31. sadraṃśakīṭamaśake sapūtikṛmimūṣake śuni
śvapāke vaiṇeye sacaṇḍāle sapulkase
31. sadraṃśakīṭamaśake sapūtikṛmimūṣake śuni
śvapāke vaiṇeye sacaṇḍāle sapulkase
31. Among stinging insects, worms, and mosquitoes; among putrid worms and mice; in a dog, a dog-eater, and a flute-player; among Chāṇḍālas and Pulkasas.
हस्त्यश्वखरशार्दूले सवृक्षे गवि चैव ह ।
यच्च मूर्तिमयं किंचित्सर्वत्रैतन्निदर्शनम् ॥३२॥
32. hastyaśvakharaśārdūle savṛkṣe gavi caiva ha ,
yacca mūrtimayaṁ kiṁcitsarvatraitannidarśanam.
32. hastyaśvakharashārdūle savṛkṣe gavi ca eva ha
yat ca mūrtimayam kiṃcit sarvatra etat nidarśanam
32. yat ca kiṃcit mūrtimayam (asti) hastyaśvakharashārdūle savṛkṣe gavi ca eva ha,
etat nidarśanam sarvatra (vidyate).
32. Among elephants, horses, donkeys, and tigers; among trees and cows; and whatever else is embodied, this principle is evident everywhere.
जले भुवि तथाकाशे नान्यत्रेति विनिश्चयः ।
स्थानं देहवतामस्ति इत्येवमनुशुश्रुम ॥३३॥
33. jale bhuvi tathākāśe nānyatreti viniścayaḥ ,
sthānaṁ dehavatāmasti ityevamanuśuśruma.
33. jale bhuvi tathā ākāśe na anyatra iti viniścayaḥ
sthānam dehavatām asti iti evam anuśuśruma
33. jale bhuvi tathā ākāśe (eva) na anyatra iti viniścayaḥ (bhavati).
dehavatām sthānam asti iti evam anuśuśruma.
33. In water, on earth, and similarly in the sky – there is no other place; this is the firm conclusion. We have thus heard that a dwelling (or existence) for embodied beings is solely within these (realms).
कृत्स्नमेतावतस्तात क्षरते व्यक्तसंज्ञकम् ।
अहन्यहनि भूतात्मा ततः क्षर इति स्मृतः ॥३४॥
34. kṛtsnametāvatastāta kṣarate vyaktasaṁjñakam ,
ahanyahani bhūtātmā tataḥ kṣara iti smṛtaḥ.
34. kṛtsnam etāvataḥ tāta kṣarate vyaktasaṃjñakam
ahani ahani bhūtātmā tataḥ kṣaraḥ iti smṛtaḥ
34. tāta,
kṛtsnam yat vyaktasaṃjñakam asti,
etāvataḥ kṣarate.
tataḥ bhūtātmā ahani ahani kṣaraḥ iti smṛtaḥ.
34. O dear one (tāta), all that is known as the manifest (vyakta), to this extent, decays. Therefore, the soul (ātman) of beings is called the 'perishable' (kṣara) day after day.
एतदक्षरमित्युक्तं क्षरतीदं यथा जगत् ।
जगन्मोहात्मकं प्राहुरव्यक्तं व्यक्तसंज्ञकम् ॥३५॥
35. etadakṣaramityuktaṁ kṣaratīdaṁ yathā jagat ,
jaganmohātmakaṁ prāhuravyaktaṁ vyaktasaṁjñakam.
35. etat akṣaram iti uktam kṣarati idam yathā jagat
jagatmohātmakam prāhuḥ avyaktam vyaktasaṃjñakam
35. etat akṣaram iti uktam yathā idam jagat kṣarati
manīṣiṇaḥ vyaktasaṃjñakam avyaktam jagatmohātmakam prāhuḥ
35. This (fundamental principle) is called the imperishable (akṣara), just as this world (jagat) is perishable. Sages declare that the unmanifest (avyakta), which is also referred to as the manifest, is inherently of the nature of worldly delusion (moha).
महांश्चैवाग्रजो नित्यमेतत्क्षरनिदर्शनम् ।
कथितं ते महाराज यस्मान्नावर्तते पुनः ॥३६॥
36. mahāṁścaivāgrajo nityametatkṣaranidarśanam ,
kathitaṁ te mahārāja yasmānnāvartate punaḥ.
36. mahān ca eva agrajaḥ nityam etatkṣaranidarśanam
kathitam te mahārāja yasmāt na āvartate punaḥ
36. mahārāja te mahān ca eva nityam agrajaḥ
etatkṣaranidarśanam kathitam yasmāt punaḥ na āvartate
36. Indeed, the great (cosmic principle, Mahān) and the eternal first-born (Agraja) – this entire manifestation is presented as an example of the perishable (kṣara). It has been explained to you, O great king (mahārāja), that from which one does not return again (punarāvṛtti).
पञ्चविंशतिमो विष्णुर्निस्तत्त्वस्तत्त्वसंज्ञकः ।
तत्त्वसंश्रयणादेतत्तत्त्वमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥३७॥
37. pañcaviṁśatimo viṣṇurnistattvastattvasaṁjñakaḥ ,
tattvasaṁśrayaṇādetattattvamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.
37. pañcaviṃśatitamaḥ viṣṇuḥ nistattvaḥ tattvasaṃjñakaḥ
tattvasaṃśrayaṇāt etat tattvam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
37. pañcaviṃśatitamaḥ viṣṇuḥ nistattvaḥ tattvasaṃjñakaḥ
asti tattvasaṃśrayaṇāt manīṣiṇaḥ etat tattvam āhuḥ
37. Viṣṇu is the twenty-fifth (principle, tattva). He is devoid of principles (nistattva), yet he is designated as a principle (tattvasaṃjñaka). Because of his relationship to (saṃśrayaṇāt) the other principles (tattva), the wise (manīṣiṇaḥ) call him this (ultimate) principle (tattva).
यदमूर्त्यसृजद्व्यक्तं तत्तन्मूर्त्यधितिष्ठति ।
चतुर्विंशतिमो व्यक्तो ह्यमूर्तः पञ्चविंशकः ॥३८॥
38. yadamūrtyasṛjadvyaktaṁ tattanmūrtyadhitiṣṭhati ,
caturviṁśatimo vyakto hyamūrtaḥ pañcaviṁśakaḥ.
38. yat amūrti asṛjat vyaktam tat tat mūrti adhitiṣṭhati
caturviṃśatitamaḥ vyaktaḥ hi amūrtaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ
38. yat amūrti vyaktam asṛjat,
tat (amūrti) tat tat mūrti adhitiṣṭhati hi vyaktaḥ caturviṃśatitamaḥ (asti),
amūrtaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ (ca asti)
38. That which, being formless (amūrti), created the manifest (vyakta), that (formless principle) resides (adhitiṣṭhati) in every form (mūrti). Indeed, the manifest (vyakta) is considered the twenty-fourth (principle), while the formless (amūrta) is the twenty-fifth.
स एव हृदि सर्वासु मूर्तिष्वातिष्ठतेऽऽत्मवान् ।
चेतयंश्चेतनो नित्यः सर्वमूर्तिरमूर्तिमान् ॥३९॥
39. sa eva hṛdi sarvāsu mūrtiṣvātiṣṭhate''tmavān ,
cetayaṁścetano nityaḥ sarvamūrtiramūrtimān.
39. saḥ eva hṛdi sarvāsu mūrtiṣu ātiṣṭhate ātmavān
cetayan cetanaḥ nityaḥ sarvamūrtiḥ amūrtimān
39. saḥ ātmavān eva nityaḥ cetanaḥ cetayan sarvamūrtiḥ
amūrtimān hṛdi sarvāsu mūrtiṣu ātiṣṭhate
39. He alone, the supreme Self (ātman), resides in the heart of all forms. He is the eternal, sentient, and consciousness-giving one, who, though inherently formless, manifests as all forms.
सर्गप्रलयधर्मिण्या असर्गप्रलयात्मकः ।
गोचरे वर्तते नित्यं निर्गुणो गुणसंज्ञकः ॥४०॥
40. sargapralayadharmiṇyā asargapralayātmakaḥ ,
gocare vartate nityaṁ nirguṇo guṇasaṁjñakaḥ.
40. sargapralayadharmiṇyāḥ asargapralayātmakaḥ
gochare vartate nityam nirguṇaḥ guṇasaṃjñakaḥ
40. asargapralayātmakaḥ nirguṇaḥ guṇasaṃjñakaḥ
nityam sargapralayadharmiṇyāḥ gochare vartate
40. Though his intrinsic nature (dharma) is beyond creation and dissolution, he constantly exists within the sphere of that which is characterized by creation and dissolution. He is devoid of material qualities (guṇa), yet is designated by them.
एवमेष महानात्मा सर्गप्रलयकोविदः ।
विकुर्वाणः प्रकृतिमानभिमन्यत्यबुद्धिमान् ॥४१॥
41. evameṣa mahānātmā sargapralayakovidaḥ ,
vikurvāṇaḥ prakṛtimānabhimanyatyabuddhimān.
41. evam eṣaḥ mahān ātmā sargapralayakovidaḥ
vikurvāṇaḥ prakṛtimān abhimanyuati abuddhimān
41. evam eṣaḥ mahān ātmā sargapralayakovidaḥ
prakṛtimān vikurvāṇaḥ abuddhimān abhimanyuati
41. In this way, this great Self (ātman), though skilled in creation and dissolution, as the possessor of nature (prakṛti), diversifies and identifies (with it), as if lacking true understanding.
तमःसत्त्वरजोयुक्तस्तासु तास्विह योनिषु ।
लीयतेऽप्रतिबुद्धत्वादबुद्धजनसेवनात् ॥४२॥
42. tamaḥsattvarajoyuktastāsu tāsviha yoniṣu ,
līyate'pratibuddhatvādabuddhajanasevanāt.
42. tamaḥsattvarajoyuktaḥ tāsu tāsu iha yoniṣu
līyate apratibuddhatvāt abuddhajanasevanāt
42. iha tamaḥsattvarajoyuktaḥ apratibuddhatvāt
abuddhajanasevanāt tāsu tāsu yoniṣu līyate
42. Affected by the qualities (guṇa) of tamas, sattva, and rajas, he enters into various forms of birth in this world. This happens due to a lack of spiritual awakening and association with the ignorant.
सहवासो निवासात्मा नान्योऽहमिति मन्यते ।
योऽहं सोऽहमिति ह्युक्त्वा गुणाननु निवर्तते ॥४३॥
43. sahavāso nivāsātmā nānyo'hamiti manyate ,
yo'haṁ so'hamiti hyuktvā guṇānanu nivartate.
43. sahavāsaḥ nivāsātmā na anyaḥ aham iti manyate yaḥ
aham saḥ aham iti hi uktvā guṇān anu nivartate
43. sahavāsaḥ nivāsātmā na anyaḥ aham iti manyate hi
yaḥ aham saḥ aham iti uktvā guṇān anu nivartate
43. One who identifies with the body as their dwelling believes, 'I am not distinct from it.' However, by declaring, 'I am indeed who I am' (the true self (ātman)), one then turns away from the material qualities (guṇas).
तमसा तामसान्भावान्विविधान्प्रतिपद्यते ।
रजसा राजसांश्चैव सात्त्विकान्सत्त्वसंश्रयात् ॥४४॥
44. tamasā tāmasānbhāvānvividhānpratipadyate ,
rajasā rājasāṁścaiva sāttvikānsattvasaṁśrayāt.
44. tamasā tāmasān bhāvān vividhān pratipadyate
rajasā rājasān ca eva sāttvikān sattvasaṃśrayāt
44. tamasā tāmasān bhāvān vividhān pratipadyate
rajasā rājasān ca eva sāttvikān sattvasaṃśrayāt
44. Through ignorance (tamas), one attains various ignorant (tamasic) states of being. Similarly, through passion (rajas), one attains passionate (rajasic) states, and through reliance on goodness (sattva), one attains pure (sattvic) states.
शुक्ललोहितकृष्णानि रूपाण्येतानि त्रीणि तु ।
सर्वाण्येतानि रूपाणि जानीहि प्राकृतानि वै ॥४५॥
45. śuklalohitakṛṣṇāni rūpāṇyetāni trīṇi tu ,
sarvāṇyetāni rūpāṇi jānīhi prākṛtāni vai.
45. śuklalohitakṛṣṇāni rūpāṇi etāni trīṇi tu
sarvāṇi etāni rūpāṇi jānīhi prākṛtāni vai
45. śuklalohitakṛṣṇāni rūpāṇi etāni trīṇi tu
sarvāṇi etāni rūpāṇi jānīhi prākṛtāni vai
45. These three forms – white, red, and black – are indeed present. Know that all these forms are entirely born of material nature (prakṛti).
तामसा निरयं यान्ति राजसा मानुषांस्तथा ।
सात्त्विका देवलोकाय गच्छन्ति सुखभागिनः ॥४६॥
46. tāmasā nirayaṁ yānti rājasā mānuṣāṁstathā ,
sāttvikā devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ.
46. tāmasāḥ nirayam yānti rājasāḥ mānuṣān tathā
sāttvikāḥ devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ
46. tāmasāḥ nirayam yānti rājasāḥ mānuṣān tathā
sāttvikāḥ devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ
46. Those who are ignorant (tamasic) go to lower realms. Those who are passionate (rajasic) similarly go to human realms. And those who are pure (sattvic) go to the divine realms, enjoying happiness.
निष्कैवल्येन पापेन तिर्यग्योनिमवाप्नुयात् ।
पुण्यपापेन मानुष्यं पुण्येनैकेन देवताः ॥४७॥
47. niṣkaivalyena pāpena tiryagyonimavāpnuyāt ,
puṇyapāpena mānuṣyaṁ puṇyenaikena devatāḥ.
47. niṣkaivalyena pāpena tiryagyonim avāpnuyāt
puṇyapāpena mānuṣyam puṇyena ekena devatāḥ
47. niṣkaivalyena pāpena tiryagyonim avāpnuyāt
puṇyapāpena mānuṣyam ekena puṇyena devatāḥ
47. By sins that preclude final liberation (kaivalya), one may attain an animal birth. Through a combination of merit (puṇya) and demerit, one achieves human existence, and by merit (puṇya) alone, one attains the state of divine beings.
एवमव्यक्तविषयं क्षरमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
पञ्चविंशतिमो योऽयं ज्ञानादेव प्रवर्तते ॥४८॥
48. evamavyaktaviṣayaṁ kṣaramāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ,
pañcaviṁśatimo yo'yaṁ jñānādeva pravartate.
48. evam avyaktaviṣayam kṣaram āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
pañcaviṃśatitamaḥ yaḥ ayam jñānāt eva pravartate
48. manīṣiṇaḥ evam avyaktaviṣayam kṣaram āhuḥ yaḥ
ayam pañcaviṃśatitamaḥ jñānāt eva pravartate
48. Thus, the discerning ones (manīṣiṇaḥ) declare the perishable (kṣara) principle, which has the unmanifest (avyakta) as its domain. This very principle, the twenty-fifth, functions solely through knowledge (jñāna).