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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-102

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किंशीलाः किंसमुत्थानाः कथंरूपाश्च भारत ।
किंसंनाहाः कथंशस्त्रा जनाः स्युः संयुगे नृप ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁśīlāḥ kiṁsamutthānāḥ kathaṁrūpāśca bhārata ,
kiṁsaṁnāhāḥ kathaṁśastrā janāḥ syuḥ saṁyuge nṛpa.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kiṃśīlāḥ kiṃsamutthānāḥ kathaṃrūpāḥ ca
bhārata kiṃsannāhāḥ kathaṃśastrāḥ janāḥ syuḥ saṃyuge nṛpa
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhārata nṛpa janāḥ saṃyuge kiṃśīlāḥ
kiṃsamutthānāḥ kathaṃrūpāḥ ca kiṃsannāhāḥ kathaṃśastrāḥ syuḥ
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O Bhārata, O King, what is the disposition, origin, and appearance of the people (soldiers)? What kind of armor and weapons would they have in battle?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
यथाचरितमेवात्र शस्त्रपत्रं विधीयते ।
आचारादेव पुरुषस्तथा कर्मसु वर्तते ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yathācaritamevātra śastrapatraṁ vidhīyate ,
ācārādeva puruṣastathā karmasu vartate.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yathācaritam eva atra śastrapattram
vidhīyate ācārāt eva puruṣaḥ tathā karmasu vartate
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra śastrapattram yathācaritam eva
vidhīyate tathā puruṣaḥ ācārāt eva karmasu vartate
2. Bhishma said: Just as the discipline regarding weapons is established here through customary practice, so too does a person act in their deeds according to their established conduct.
गान्धाराः सिन्धुसौवीरा नखरप्रासयोधिनः ।
आभीरवः सुबलिनस्तद्बलं सर्वपारगम् ॥३॥
3. gāndhārāḥ sindhusauvīrā nakharaprāsayodhinaḥ ,
ābhīravaḥ subalinastadbalaṁ sarvapāragam.
3. gāndhārāḥ sindhusauvīrāḥ nakharaprasayodhinaḥ
ābhīravaḥ subalinaḥ tat balam sarvapāragam
3. gāndhārāḥ sindhusauvīrāḥ nakharaprasayodhinaḥ
ābhīravaḥ subalinaḥ tat balam sarvapāragam
3. The Gandharas and Sindhu-Sauviras are warriors who fight with nails and spears. The Abhiras are very powerful. Their force is capable of overcoming all.
सर्वशस्त्रेषु कुशलाः सत्त्ववन्तो ह्युशीनराः ।
प्राच्या मातङ्गयुद्धेषु कुशलाः शठयोधिनः ॥४॥
4. sarvaśastreṣu kuśalāḥ sattvavanto hyuśīnarāḥ ,
prācyā mātaṅgayuddheṣu kuśalāḥ śaṭhayodhinaḥ.
4. sarvaśastreṣu kuśalāḥ sattvavantaḥ hi uśīnarāḥ
prācyāḥ mātaṅgayuddheṣu kuśalāḥ śaṭhayodhinaḥ
4. hi uśīnarāḥ sattvavantaḥ sarvaśastreṣu kuśalāḥ
prācyāḥ mātaṅgayuddheṣu kuśalāḥ śaṭhayodhinaḥ
4. Indeed, the Ushinaras are courageous and skilled in all weapons. The Easterners are adept in elephant battles and are cunning warriors.
तथा यवनकाम्बोजा मथुरामभितश्च ये ।
एते नियुद्धकुशला दाक्षिणात्यासिचर्मिणः ॥५॥
5. tathā yavanakāmbojā mathurāmabhitaśca ye ,
ete niyuddhakuśalā dākṣiṇātyāsicarmiṇaḥ.
5. tathā yavanakāmbojāḥ mathurām abhitaḥ ca ye
ete niyuddhakusalāḥ dākṣiṇātyāḥ asicarmiṇaḥ
5. tathā yavanakāmbojāḥ ca ye mathurām abhitaḥ
ete niyuddhakusalāḥ dākṣiṇātyāḥ asicarmiṇaḥ
5. Likewise, the Yavanas and Kambojas, as well as those who are near Mathura, are skilled in hand-to-hand combat. The Southerners are armed with swords and shields.
सर्वत्र शूरा जायन्ते महासत्त्वा महाबलाः ।
प्राय एष समुद्दिष्टो लक्षणानि तु मे शृणु ॥६॥
6. sarvatra śūrā jāyante mahāsattvā mahābalāḥ ,
prāya eṣa samuddiṣṭo lakṣaṇāni tu me śṛṇu.
6. sarvatra śūrāḥ jāyante mahāsattvāḥ mahābalāḥ
prāyaḥ eṣaḥ samuddiṣṭaḥ lakṣaṇāni tu me śṛṇu
6. śūrāḥ mahāsattvāḥ mahābalāḥ sarvatra jāyante
eṣaḥ prāyaḥ samuddiṣṭaḥ tu me lakṣaṇāni śṛṇu
6. Everywhere, brave and courageous individuals of great strength are born. This is generally how they are described. But now, listen to their specific characteristics from me.
सिंहशार्दूलवाङ्नेत्राः सिंहशार्दूलगामिनः ।
पारावतकुलिङ्गाक्षाः सर्वे शूराः प्रमाथिनः ॥७॥
7. siṁhaśārdūlavāṅnetrāḥ siṁhaśārdūlagāminaḥ ,
pārāvatakuliṅgākṣāḥ sarve śūrāḥ pramāthinaḥ.
7. siṃhaśārdūlavāṅnetrāḥ siṃhaśārdūlagāminaḥ
pārāvatakuliṅgākṣāḥ sarve śūrāḥ pramāthinaḥ
7. sarve śūrāḥ siṃhaśārdūlavāṅnetrāḥ
siṃhaśārdūlagāminaḥ pārāvatakuliṅgākṣāḥ pramāthinaḥ
7. They have voices and eyes like lions and tigers, and walk with the gait of lions and tigers. Some possess eyes like pigeons or sparrows. All these heroes are indeed powerful and formidable (pramāthinaḥ).
मृगस्वरा द्वीपिनेत्रा ऋषभाक्षास्तथापरे ।
प्रवादिनः सुचण्डाश्च क्रोधिनः किंनरीस्वनाः ॥८॥
8. mṛgasvarā dvīpinetrā ṛṣabhākṣāstathāpare ,
pravādinaḥ sucaṇḍāśca krodhinaḥ kiṁnarīsvanāḥ.
8. mṛgasvarāḥ dvīpinetrāḥ ṛṣabhākṣāḥ tathā apare
pravādinaḥ sucanḍāḥ ca krodhinaḥ kiṃnarīsvarāḥ
8. apare mṛgasvarāḥ dvīpinetrāḥ ṛṣabhākṣāḥ tathā
pravādinaḥ sucanḍāḥ ca krodhinaḥ kiṃnarīsvarāḥ
8. Still others have voices like deer, eyes like leopards, and eyes like bulls. They are eloquent, intensely fierce, prone to anger, and possess voices like Kinnaris (mythical celestial musicians).
मेघस्वनाः क्रुद्धमुखाः केचित्करभनिस्वनाः ।
जिह्मनासानुजङ्घाश्च दूरगा दूरपातिनः ॥९॥
9. meghasvanāḥ kruddhamukhāḥ kecitkarabhanisvanāḥ ,
jihmanāsānujaṅghāśca dūragā dūrapātinaḥ.
9. meghasvanāḥ kruddhamukhāḥ kecit karabhanisvanāḥ
jihmanāsānujanghāḥ ca dūragāḥ dūrapātinaḥ
9. kecit meghasvanāḥ kruddhamukhāḥ karabhanisvanāḥ
jihmanāsānujanghāḥ ca dūragāḥ dūrapātinaḥ
9. Some of them possess voices like thunderclouds and angry visages, while others have cries like camels. Furthermore, they are characterized by crooked noses and shanks, can travel great distances, and strike from afar.
बिडालकुब्जास्तनवस्तनुकेशास्तनुत्वचः ।
शूराश्चपलचित्ताश्च ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥१०॥
10. biḍālakubjāstanavastanukeśāstanutvacaḥ ,
śūrāścapalacittāśca te bhavanti durāsadāḥ.
10. biḍālakubjāstanavaḥ tanukeśāḥ tanutvacaḥ
śūrāḥ ca capalacittāḥ ca te bhavanti durāsadāḥ
10. te biḍālakubjāstanavaḥ tanukeśāḥ tanutvacaḥ ca
śūrāḥ ca capalacittāḥ ca bhavanti durāsadāḥ
10. Those who have cat-like stooped bodies, sparse hair, and thin skin, and who are brave yet fickle-minded, are formidable.
गोधानिमीलिताः केचिन्मृदुप्रकृतयोऽपि च ।
तुरंगगतिनिर्घोषास्ते नराः पारयिष्णवः ॥११॥
11. godhānimīlitāḥ kecinmṛduprakṛtayo'pi ca ,
turaṁgagatinirghoṣāste narāḥ pārayiṣṇavaḥ.
11. godhānīmīlitāḥ kecit mṛduprakṛtayaḥ api ca
turaṅgagatinirghoṣāḥ te narāḥ pārayiṣṇavaḥ
11. kecit narāḥ mṛduprakṛtayaḥ api ca godhānīmīlitāḥ
turaṅgagatinirghoṣāḥ te pārayiṣṇavaḥ
11. Some individuals, even if gentle by nature (prakṛti), who possess eyes that seem half-closed like a lizard's and a resounding gait like that of a horse, those people are capable.
सुसंहताः प्रतनवो व्यूढोरस्काः सुसंस्थिताः ।
प्रवादितेन नृत्यन्ति हृष्यन्ति कलहेषु च ॥१२॥
12. susaṁhatāḥ pratanavo vyūḍhoraskāḥ susaṁsthitāḥ ,
pravāditena nṛtyanti hṛṣyanti kalaheṣu ca.
12. susaṃhatāḥ pratanavaḥ vyūḍhoraskāḥ susaṃsthitāḥ
pravāditena nṛtyanti hṛṣyanti kalaheṣu ca
12. susaṃhatāḥ pratanavaḥ vyūḍhoraskāḥ susaṃsthitāḥ
pravāditena nṛtyanti ca kalaheṣu hṛṣyanti
12. They are well-built, very slender, broad-chested, and well-proportioned. They dance when music is played and rejoice in disputes.
गम्भीराक्षा निःसृताक्षाः पिङ्गला भ्रुकुटीमुखाः ।
नकुलाक्षास्तथा चैव सर्वे शूरास्तनुत्यजः ॥१३॥
13. gambhīrākṣā niḥsṛtākṣāḥ piṅgalā bhrukuṭīmukhāḥ ,
nakulākṣāstathā caiva sarve śūrāstanutyajaḥ.
13. gambhīrākṣāḥ niḥsṛtākṣāḥ piṅgalā bhrukuṭīmukhāḥ
nakulākṣāḥ tathā ca eva sarve śūrāḥ tanutyajaḥ
13. sarve gambhīrākṣāḥ niḥsṛtākṣāḥ piṅgalā bhrukuṭīmukhāḥ
nakulākṣāḥ tathā ca eva śūrāḥ tanutyajaḥ
13. Those with deep-set eyes, prominent eyes, tawny complexions, frowning faces, and mongoose-like sharp eyes – all of them are brave and ready to sacrifice their lives.
जिह्माक्षाः प्रललाटाश्च निर्मांसहनवोऽपि च ।
वक्रबाह्वङ्गुलीसक्ताः कृशा धमनिसंतताः ॥१४॥
14. jihmākṣāḥ pralalāṭāśca nirmāṁsahanavo'pi ca ,
vakrabāhvaṅgulīsaktāḥ kṛśā dhamanisaṁtatāḥ.
14. jihmākṣāḥ pralalāṭāḥ ca nirmāṃsahanavaḥ api ca
vakrabāhvaṅgulīsaktāḥ kṛśāḥ dhamanisaṃtatāḥ
14. jihmākṣāḥ pralalāṭāḥ ca nirmāṃsahanavaḥ api ca
vakrabāhvaṅgulīsaktāḥ kṛśāḥ dhamanisaṃtatāḥ
14. They have slanted eyes and prominent foreheads, and also lean jaws. Their crooked arms have fingers that appear fused, and they are emaciated, with their veins visibly spread across their bodies.
प्रविशन्त्यतिवेगेन संपरायेऽभ्युपस्थिते ।
वारणा इव संमत्तास्ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥१५॥
15. praviśantyativegena saṁparāye'bhyupasthite ,
vāraṇā iva saṁmattāste bhavanti durāsadāḥ.
15. praviśanti ativegena saṃparāye abhyupastite
vāraṇāḥ iva saṃmattāḥ te bhavanti durāsadāḥ
15. praviśanti ativegena saṃparāye abhyupastite
vāraṇāḥ iva saṃmattāḥ te bhavanti durāsadāḥ
15. They enter with great speed when battle has approached. Like frenzied elephants, they become formidable (difficult to approach).
दीप्तस्फुटितकेशान्ताः स्थूलपार्श्वहनूमुखाः ।
उन्नतांसाः पृथुग्रीवा विकटाः स्थूलपिण्डिकाः ॥१६॥
16. dīptasphuṭitakeśāntāḥ sthūlapārśvahanūmukhāḥ ,
unnatāṁsāḥ pṛthugrīvā vikaṭāḥ sthūlapiṇḍikāḥ.
16. dīptasphuṭitakeśāntāḥ sthūlapārśvahanūmukhāḥ
unnatāṃsāḥ pṛthugrīvāḥ vikaṭāḥ sthūlapiṇḍikāḥ
16. dīptasphuṭitakeśāntāḥ sthūlapārśvahanūmukhāḥ
unnatāṃsāḥ pṛthugrīvāḥ vikaṭāḥ sthūlapiṇḍikāḥ
16. They possess fiery and dishevelled hair, stout sides, jaws, and faces, elevated shoulders, broad necks, and thick calves; indeed, they are monstrous.
उद्वृत्ताश्चैव सुग्रीवा विनता विहगा इव ।
पिण्डशीर्षाहिवक्त्राश्च वृषदंशमुखा इव ॥१७॥
17. udvṛttāścaiva sugrīvā vinatā vihagā iva ,
piṇḍaśīrṣāhivaktrāśca vṛṣadaṁśamukhā iva.
17. udvṛttāḥ ca eva sugrīvāḥ vinatāḥ vihagāḥ iva
piṇḍaśīrṣāhivaktrāḥ ca vṛṣadaṃśamukhāḥ iva
17. udvṛttāḥ ca eva sugrīvāḥ vinatāḥ vihagāḥ iva
piṇḍaśīrṣāhivaktrāḥ ca vṛṣadaṃśamukhāḥ iva
17. Moreover, they have prominent forms and beautiful necks, and they stoop like birds. They also possess faces like round-headed serpents and like cats.
उग्रस्वना मन्युमन्तो युद्धेष्वारावसारिणः ।
अधर्मज्ञावलिप्ताश्च घोरा रौद्रप्रदर्शिनः ॥१८॥
18. ugrasvanā manyumanto yuddheṣvārāvasāriṇaḥ ,
adharmajñāvaliptāśca ghorā raudrapradarśinaḥ.
18. ugrasvanāḥ manyumantaḥ yuddheṣu ārāvasāriṇaḥ
adharmajñāvaliptāḥ ca ghorāḥ raudrapradarśinaḥ
18. (ते) ugrasvanāḥ manyumantaḥ ārāvasāriṇaḥ yuddheṣu
adharmajñāvaliptāḥ ca ghorāḥ raudrapradarśinaḥ
18. They possess fierce cries, are full of wrath, and charge into battles with roaring shouts. They are ignorant of natural law (dharma) and arrogant; dreadful, they display a terrifying ferocity.
त्यक्तात्मानः सर्व एते अन्त्यजा ह्यनिवर्तिनः ।
पुरस्कार्याः सदा सैन्ये हन्यन्ते घ्नन्ति चापि ते ॥१९॥
19. tyaktātmānaḥ sarva ete antyajā hyanivartinaḥ ,
puraskāryāḥ sadā sainye hanyante ghnanti cāpi te.
19. tyaktātmānaḥ sarve ete antyajāḥ hi anivartinaḥ
puraskāryāḥ sadā sainye hanyante ghnanti ca api te
19. sarve ete antyajāḥ hi tyaktātmānaḥ anivartinaḥ.
te sadā sainye puraskāryāḥ,
hanyante ca api ghnanti.
19. All these outcastes (antyaja) have renounced their own lives (ātman) and are unwavering. They should always be given prominence in the army; they are killed and they also kill.
अधार्मिका भिन्नवृत्ताः साध्वेवैषां पराभवः ।
एवमेव प्रकुप्यन्ति राज्ञोऽप्येते ह्यभीक्ष्णशः ॥२०॥
20. adhārmikā bhinnavṛttāḥ sādhvevaiṣāṁ parābhavaḥ ,
evameva prakupyanti rājño'pyete hyabhīkṣṇaśaḥ.
20. adhārmikāḥ bhinnvṛttāḥ sādhu eva eṣām parābhavaḥ
evam eva prakupyanti rājñaḥ api ete hi abhīkṣṇaśaḥ
20. (ते) adhārmikāḥ bhinnvṛttāḥ,
eṣām parābhavaḥ sādhu eva.
evam eva ete hi rājñaḥ api abhīkṣṇaśaḥ prakupyanti.
20. They are unrighteous (adharmika) and of corrupted conduct; therefore, their defeat is indeed justified. Moreover, these very individuals frequently become enraged even at the king.