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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-9

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वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो राज्ञाभ्यनुज्ञातो धृतराष्ट्रः प्रतापवान् ।
ययौ स्वभवनं राजा गान्धार्यानुगतस्तदा ॥१॥
1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato rājñābhyanujñāto dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ pratāpavān ,
yayau svabhavanaṁ rājā gāndhāryānugatastadā.
1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | tataḥ rājñā abhyanujñātaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
pratāpavān | yayau svabhavanam rājā gāndhāryā anugataḥ tadā
1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ rājñā abhyanujñātaḥ pratāpavān
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ rājā tadā gāndhāryā anugataḥ svabhavanam yayau
1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, the glorious Dhṛtarāṣṭra, having been permitted by the king, went to his own abode, accompanied by Gāndhārī at that time.
मन्दप्राणगतिर्धीमान्कृच्छ्रादिव समुद्धरन् ।
पदातिः स महीपालो जीर्णो गजपतिर्यथा ॥२॥
2. mandaprāṇagatirdhīmānkṛcchrādiva samuddharan ,
padātiḥ sa mahīpālo jīrṇo gajapatiryathā.
2. mandaprāṇagatiḥ dhīmān kṛcchrāt iva samuddharan
| padātiḥ saḥ mahīpālaḥ jīrṇaḥ gajapatiḥ yathā
2. saḥ dhīmān mandaprāṇagatiḥ mahīpālaḥ kṛcchrāt
iva samuddharan padātiḥ jīrṇaḥ gajapatiḥ yathā
2. That intelligent king, with his vital breath (prāṇa) moving slowly, proceeded on foot as if with great difficulty, like an aged lord of elephants.
तमन्वगच्छद्विदुरो विद्वान्सूतश्च संजयः ।
स चापि परमेष्वासः कृपः शारद्वतस्तथा ॥३॥
3. tamanvagacchadviduro vidvānsūtaśca saṁjayaḥ ,
sa cāpi parameṣvāsaḥ kṛpaḥ śāradvatastathā.
3. tam anvagacchat viduraḥ vidvān sūtaḥ ca saṃjayaḥ
| saḥ ca api parameṣvāsaḥ kṛpaḥ śāradvataḥ tathā
3. viduraḥ vidvān sūtaḥ ca saṃjayaḥ tam anvagacchat
saḥ parameṣvāsaḥ śāradvataḥ kṛpaḥ ca api tathā
3. Vidura followed him, as did the learned charioteer Sañjaya. Furthermore, Kṛpa, the son of Śaradvat and a supreme archer, also went.
स प्रविश्य गृहं राजा कृतपूर्वाह्णिकक्रियः ।
तर्पयित्वा द्विजश्रेष्ठानाहारमकरोत्तदा ॥४॥
4. sa praviśya gṛhaṁ rājā kṛtapūrvāhṇikakriyaḥ ,
tarpayitvā dvijaśreṣṭhānāhāramakarottadā.
4. saḥ praviśya gṛham rājā kṛtapūrvāhṇikakriyaḥ
tarpayitvā dvijaśreṣṭhān āhāram akarot tadā
4. Having entered his house, the king, who had performed his morning rituals, then took his meal after satisfying the foremost among the twice-born (brahmins).
गान्धारी चैव धर्मज्ञा कुन्त्या सह मनस्विनी ।
वधूभिरुपचारेण पूजिताभुङ्क्त भारत ॥५॥
5. gāndhārī caiva dharmajñā kuntyā saha manasvinī ,
vadhūbhirupacāreṇa pūjitābhuṅkta bhārata.
5. gāndhārī ca eva dharmajñā kuntyā saha manasvinī
vadhūbhiḥ upacāreṇa pūjitā abhuṅkta bhārata
5. And the high-minded Gāndhārī, who was knowledgeable in natural law (dharma), along with Kuntī, ate, honored by her daughters-in-law with proper service, O descendant of Bharata.
कृताहारं कृताहाराः सर्वे ते विदुरादयः ।
पाण्डवाश्च कुरुश्रेष्ठमुपातिष्ठन्त तं नृपम् ॥६॥
6. kṛtāhāraṁ kṛtāhārāḥ sarve te vidurādayaḥ ,
pāṇḍavāśca kuruśreṣṭhamupātiṣṭhanta taṁ nṛpam.
6. kṛtāhāram kṛtāhārāḥ sarve te vidurādayaḥ
pāṇḍavāḥ ca kuruśreṣṭham upātiṣṭhanta tam nṛpam
6. After the king had taken his meal, all of them - Vidura and the others, and also the Pāṇḍavas - having finished their own meals, approached that king, the foremost among the Kurus.
ततोऽब्रवीन्महाराज कुन्तीपुत्रमुपह्वरे ।
निषण्णं पाणिना पृष्ठे संस्पृशन्नम्बिकासुतः ॥७॥
7. tato'bravīnmahārāja kuntīputramupahvare ,
niṣaṇṇaṁ pāṇinā pṛṣṭhe saṁspṛśannambikāsutaḥ.
7. tataḥ abravīt mahārāja kuntīputram upahvare
niṣaṇṇam pāṇinā pṛṣṭhe saṃspṛśan ambikāsutaḥ
7. Then, O great king, Ambikā's son (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), touching Kuntī's son (Yudhiṣṭhira), who was seated apart, on the back with his hand, spoke to him.
अप्रमादस्त्वया कार्यः सर्वथा कुरुनन्दन ।
अष्टाङ्गे राजशार्दूल राज्ये धर्मपुरस्कृते ॥८॥
8. apramādastvayā kāryaḥ sarvathā kurunandana ,
aṣṭāṅge rājaśārdūla rājye dharmapuraskṛte.
8. apramādaḥ tvayā kāryaḥ sarvathā kurunandana
aṣṭāṅge rājaśārdūla rājye dharmapuraskṛte
8. O delight of the Kurus, O tiger among kings, you must always exercise vigilance regarding the eight-limbed kingdom (rājya) which is based on natural law (dharma).
तत्तु शक्यं यथा तात रक्षितुं पाण्डुनन्दन ।
राज्यं धर्मं च कौन्तेय विद्वानसि निबोध तत् ॥९॥
9. tattu śakyaṁ yathā tāta rakṣituṁ pāṇḍunandana ,
rājyaṁ dharmaṁ ca kaunteya vidvānasi nibodha tat.
9. tat tu śakyam yathā tāta rakṣitum pāṇḍunandana
rājyam dharmam ca kaunteya vidvān asi nibodha tat
9. O son of Pāṇḍu, O son of Kuntī, indeed, it is possible to protect both the kingdom (rājya) and natural law (dharma) in the proper manner. You are wise, so understand this.
विद्यावृद्धान्सदैव त्वमुपासीथा युधिष्ठिर ।
शृणुयास्ते च यद्ब्रूयुः कुर्याश्चैवाविचारयन् ॥१०॥
10. vidyāvṛddhānsadaiva tvamupāsīthā yudhiṣṭhira ,
śṛṇuyāste ca yadbrūyuḥ kuryāścaivāvicārayan.
10. vidyāvṛddhān sadā eva tvam upāsīthāḥ yudhiṣṭhira
śṛṇuyāḥ te ca yat brūyuḥ kuryāḥ ca eva avicārayan
10. O Yudhiṣṭhira, you should always attend upon those who are advanced in knowledge. Listen to whatever they say, and act upon it without questioning.
प्रातरुत्थाय तान्राजन्पूजयित्वा यथाविधि ।
कृत्यकाले समुत्पन्ने पृच्छेथाः कार्यमात्मनः ॥११॥
11. prātarutthāya tānrājanpūjayitvā yathāvidhi ,
kṛtyakāle samutpanne pṛcchethāḥ kāryamātmanaḥ.
11. prātaḥ utthāya tān rājan pūjayitvā yathāvidhi
kṛtyakāle samutpanne pṛcchethāḥ kāryam ātmanaḥ
11. O king, after rising in the morning and honoring them (the wise) according to the prescribed rites, when a matter of duty arises, you should inquire about your own task (karma).
ते तु संमानिता राजंस्त्वया राज्यहितार्थिना ।
प्रवक्ष्यन्ति हितं तात सर्वं कौरवनन्दन ॥१२॥
12. te tu saṁmānitā rājaṁstvayā rājyahitārthinā ,
pravakṣyanti hitaṁ tāta sarvaṁ kauravanandana.
12. te tu saṃmānitāḥ rājan tvayā rājyahitārthinā
pravakṣyanti hitam tāta sarvam kauravanandana
12. rājan kauravanandana tāta,
rājyahitārthinā tvayā saṃmānitāḥ te tu sarvam hitam pravakṣyanti.
12. O King, O delight of the Kurus, those who are honored by you, in your desire for the kingdom's welfare, will indeed tell you all that is beneficial, O dear one.
इन्द्रियाणि च सर्वाणि वाजिवत्परिपालय ।
हिताय वै भविष्यन्ति रक्षितं द्रविणं यथा ॥१३॥
13. indriyāṇi ca sarvāṇi vājivatparipālaya ,
hitāya vai bhaviṣyanti rakṣitaṁ draviṇaṁ yathā.
13. indriyāṇi ca sarvāṇi vājivat paripālaya hitāya
vai bhaviṣyanti rakṣitam draviṇam yathā
13. ca sarvāṇi indriyāṇi vājivat paripālaya.
(yathā) rakṣitam draviṇam (bhavati),
(tathā) vai (te indriyāṇi) hitāya bhaviṣyanti.
13. And control all your senses like horses; they will surely be for your welfare, just like protected wealth.
अमात्यानुपधातीतान्पितृपैतामहाञ्शुचीन् ।
दान्तान्कर्मसु सर्वेषु मुख्यान्मुख्येषु योजयेः ॥१४॥
14. amātyānupadhātītānpitṛpaitāmahāñśucīn ,
dāntānkarmasu sarveṣu mukhyānmukhyeṣu yojayeḥ.
14. amātyān upadhāatītān pitṛpaitāmahān śucīn
dāntān karmasu sarveṣu mukhyān mukhyeṣu yojayeḥ
14. (tvam) upadhāatītān pitṛpaitāmahān śucīn dāntān amātyān,
sarveṣu mukhyeṣu karmasu mukhyān (rūpeṇa) yojayeḥ.
14. You should appoint those ministers - who have passed tests of integrity, who are hereditary, pure, and self-controlled - as chief officials in all important matters (karma).
चारयेथाश्च सततं चारैरविदितैः परान् ।
परीक्षितैर्बहुविधं स्वराष्ट्रेषु परेषु च ॥१५॥
15. cārayethāśca satataṁ cārairaviditaiḥ parān ,
parīkṣitairbahuvidhaṁ svarāṣṭreṣu pareṣu ca.
15. cārayethāḥ ca satatam cāraiḥ aviditaiḥ parān
parīkṣitaiḥ bahuvidham svarāṣṭreṣu pareṣu ca
15. ca satatam aviditaiḥ bahuvidham parīkṣitaiḥ cāraiḥ parān (tvaṃ) cārayethāḥ,
svarāṣṭreṣu pareṣu ca.
15. And you should constantly employ unknown spies, thoroughly tested in many ways, to gather intelligence on your adversaries both within your own kingdom and in enemy territories.
पुरं च ते सुगुप्तं स्याद्दृढप्राकारतोरणम् ।
अट्टाट्टालकसंबाधं षट्पथं सर्वतोदिशम् ॥१६॥
16. puraṁ ca te suguptaṁ syāddṛḍhaprākāratoraṇam ,
aṭṭāṭṭālakasaṁbādhaṁ ṣaṭpathaṁ sarvatodiśam.
16. puram ca te suguptam syāt dṛḍhaprākāratoraṇam
aṭṭāṭṭālakasaṃbādham ṣaṭpatham sarvatodiśam
16. te puram ca suguptam syāt dṛḍhaprākāratoraṇam
aṭṭāṭṭālakasaṃbādham ṣaṭpatham sarvatodiśam
16. And your city should be well-protected, possessing strong walls and gateways, densely packed with watchtowers, and equipped with roads leading in all directions.
तस्य द्वाराणि कार्याणि पर्याप्तानि बृहन्ति च ।
सर्वतः सुविभक्तानि यन्त्रैरारक्षितानि च ॥१७॥
17. tasya dvārāṇi kāryāṇi paryāptāni bṛhanti ca ,
sarvataḥ suvibhaktāni yantrairārakṣitāni ca.
17. tasya dvārāṇi kāryāṇi paryāptāni bṛhanti ca
sarvataḥ suvibhaktāni yantraiḥ ārakṣitāni ca
17. tasya dvārāṇi paryāptāni bṛhanti ca sarvataḥ
suvibhaktāni ca yantraiḥ ārakṣitāni ca kāryāṇi
17. Its gates should be made numerous and large, well-distributed on all sides, and protected by mechanical devices.
पुरुषैरलमर्थज्ञैर्विदितैः कुलशीलतः ।
आत्मा च रक्ष्यः सततं भोजनादिषु भारत ॥१८॥
18. puruṣairalamarthajñairviditaiḥ kulaśīlataḥ ,
ātmā ca rakṣyaḥ satataṁ bhojanādiṣu bhārata.
18. puruṣaiḥ alam arthajñaiḥ viditaiḥ kulaśīlataḥ
ātmā ca rakṣyaḥ satatam bhojanādiṣu bhārata
18. bhārata ātmā ca satatam puruṣaiḥ alam arthajñaiḥ
kulaśīlataḥ viditaiḥ bhojanādiṣu rakṣyaḥ
18. And your own self (ātman) should always be protected, O Bhārata, by men who are competent, well-versed in affairs, and known for their family background and character, especially during meals and other activities.
विहाराहारकालेषु माल्यशय्यासनेषु च ।
स्त्रियश्च ते सुगुप्ताः स्युर्वृद्धैराप्तैरधिष्ठिताः ।
शीलवद्भिः कुलीनैश्च विद्वद्भिश्च युधिष्ठिर ॥१९॥
19. vihārāhārakāleṣu mālyaśayyāsaneṣu ca ,
striyaśca te suguptāḥ syurvṛddhairāptairadhiṣṭhitāḥ ,
śīlavadbhiḥ kulīnaiśca vidvadbhiśca yudhiṣṭhira.
19. vihārāhārakāleṣu mālyaśayyāsaneṣu ca
striyaḥ ca te suguptāḥ syuḥ vṛddhaiḥ
āptaiḥ adhiṣṭhitāḥ śīlavadbhiḥ
kulīnaiḥ ca vidvadbhiḥ ca yudhiṣṭhira
19. yudhiṣṭhira te striyaḥ ca vihārāhārakāleṣu
ca mālyaśayyāsaneṣu ca suguptāḥ
syuḥ vṛddhaiḥ āptaiḥ śīlavadbhiḥ
kulīnaiḥ ca vidvadbhiḥ ca adhiṣṭhitāḥ
19. O Yudhiṣṭhira, your women should be well-protected and supervised by elders and trustworthy individuals who possess good character, belong to noble families, and are learned, especially during times of recreation, meals, and when using garlands, beds, or seats.
मन्त्रिणश्चैव कुर्वीथा द्विजान्विद्याविशारदान् ।
विनीतांश्च कुलीनांश्च धर्मार्थकुशलानृजून् ॥२०॥
20. mantriṇaścaiva kurvīthā dvijānvidyāviśāradān ,
vinītāṁśca kulīnāṁśca dharmārthakuśalānṛjūn.
20. mantriṇaḥ ca eva kurvīthāḥ dvijān vidyāviśāradān
vinītān ca kulīnān ca dharmārthakuśalān ṛjūn
20. tvam mantriṇaḥ ca eva kurvīthāḥ dvijān vidyāviśāradān
vinītān ca kulīnān ca dharmārthakuśalān ṛjūn
20. You should certainly appoint as ministers those who are Brahmins (dvijān), skilled in knowledge, modest, of noble lineage, proficient in ethical conduct (dharma) and material welfare, and straightforward.
तैः सार्धं मन्त्रयेथास्त्वं नात्यर्थं बहुभिः सह ।
समस्तैरपि च व्यस्तैर्व्यपदेशेन केनचित् ॥२१॥
21. taiḥ sārdhaṁ mantrayethāstvaṁ nātyarthaṁ bahubhiḥ saha ,
samastairapi ca vyastairvyapadeśena kenacit.
21. taiḥ sārdham mantrayethāḥ tvam na atyartham bahubhiḥ
saha samastaiḥ api ca vyastaiḥ vyapadeśena kenacit
21. tvam taiḥ sārdham mantrayethāḥ na atyartham bahubhiḥ
saha api ca samastaiḥ vyastaiḥ kenacit vyapadeśena
21. You should consult with them, but not excessively with many people. You should deliberate with them all together, or individually, using some appropriate pretext.
सुसंवृतं मन्त्रगृहं स्थलं चारुह्य मन्त्रयेः ।
अरण्ये निःशलाके वा न च रात्रौ कथंचन ॥२२॥
22. susaṁvṛtaṁ mantragṛhaṁ sthalaṁ cāruhya mantrayeḥ ,
araṇye niḥśalāke vā na ca rātrau kathaṁcana.
22. susaṃvṛtam mantragṛham sthalam ca āruhya mantrayeḥ
araṇye niḥśalāke vā na ca rātrau kathaṃcana
22. tvam susaṃvṛtam mantragṛham vā araṇye niḥśalāke sthalam ca āruhya mantrayeḥ.
ca rātrau kathaṃcana na (mantrayeḥ)
22. You should deliberate in a well-protected council chamber, or having ascended an elevated place in a secluded forest free from any disturbances. And never, under any circumstances, at night.
वानराः पक्षिणश्चैव ये मनुष्यानुकारिणः ।
सर्वे मन्त्रगृहे वर्ज्या ये चापि जडपङ्गुकाः ॥२३॥
23. vānarāḥ pakṣiṇaścaiva ye manuṣyānukāriṇaḥ ,
sarve mantragṛhe varjyā ye cāpi jaḍapaṅgukāḥ.
23. vānarāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ ca eva ye manuṣyānukāriṇaḥ
sarve mantragṛhe varjyāḥ ye ca api jaḍapaṅgukāḥ
23. ye manuṣyānukāriṇaḥ vānarāḥ ca eva pakṣiṇaḥ ye
ca api jaḍapaṅgukāḥ sarve mantragṛhe varjyāḥ
23. Monkeys and birds that imitate humans, as well as all those who are dull-witted (jaḍa) and lame, should be avoided in the council chamber.
मन्त्रभेदे हि ये दोषा भवन्ति पृथिवीक्षिताम् ।
न ते शक्याः समाधातुं कथंचिदिति मे मतिः ॥२४॥
24. mantrabhede hi ye doṣā bhavanti pṛthivīkṣitām ,
na te śakyāḥ samādhātuṁ kathaṁciditi me matiḥ.
24. mantrabhede hi ye doṣāḥ bhavanti pṛthivīkṣitām
na te śakyāḥ samādhātum kathaṃcit iti me matiḥ
24. hi mantrabhede ye doṣāḥ pṛthivīkṣitām bhavanti
te kathaṃcit samādhātum na śakyāḥ iti me matiḥ
24. Indeed, the faults that arise for kings due to a breach of counsel cannot be rectified in any way; this is my opinion.
दोषांश्च मन्त्रभेदेषु ब्रूयास्त्वं मन्त्रिमण्डले ।
अभेदे च गुणान्राजन्पुनः पुनररिंदम ॥२५॥
25. doṣāṁśca mantrabhedeṣu brūyāstvaṁ mantrimaṇḍale ,
abhede ca guṇānrājanpunaḥ punarariṁdama.
25. doṣān ca mantrabhedeṣu brūyāḥ tvam mantrimaṇḍale
abhede ca guṇān rājan punaḥ punaḥ arindama
25. rājan arindama tvam mantrimaṇḍale mantrabhedeṣu
doṣān ca abhede ca guṇān punaḥ punaḥ brūyāḥ
25. O King, vanquisher of foes, you should repeatedly declare the faults arising from breaches of counsel in the assembly of ministers, and similarly, the merits of maintaining secrecy (abhede).
पौरजानपदानां च शौचाशौचं युधिष्ठिर ।
यथा स्याद्विदितं राजंस्तथा कार्यमरिंदम ॥२६॥
26. paurajānapadānāṁ ca śaucāśaucaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
yathā syādviditaṁ rājaṁstathā kāryamariṁdama.
26. paurajānapadānām ca śaucāśaucam yudhiṣṭhira
yathā syāt viditam rājan tathā kāryam arindama
26. yudhiṣṭhira rājan arindama paurajānapadānām ca
śaucāśaucam yathā viditam syāt tathā kāryam
26. O Yudhiṣṭhira, O King, vanquisher of foes, measures should be taken so that the moral conduct (śaucāśaucam) of both citizens and country dwellers is properly ascertained.