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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-77

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भीष्म उवाच ।
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु वसिष्ठमृषिसत्तमम् ।
इक्ष्वाकुवंशजो राजा सौदासो ददतां वरः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etasminneva kāle tu vasiṣṭhamṛṣisattamam ,
ikṣvākuvaṁśajo rājā saudāso dadatāṁ varaḥ.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etasmin eva kāle tu vasiṣṭham
ṛṣisattamam ikṣvākuvaṃśajaḥ rājā saudāsaḥ dadatām varaḥ
1. Bhīṣma said: Just at that time, King Saudāsa, born in the Ikṣvāku dynasty, the foremost among givers, (honored/approached) Vasiṣṭha, the best of sages.
सर्वलोकचरं सिद्धं ब्रह्मकोशं सनातनम् ।
पुरोहितमिदं प्रष्टुमभिवाद्योपचक्रमे ॥२॥
2. sarvalokacaraṁ siddhaṁ brahmakośaṁ sanātanam ,
purohitamidaṁ praṣṭumabhivādyopacakrame.
2. sarvalokacaram siddham brahmakośam sanātanam
purohitam idam praṣṭum abhivādya upacakrame
2. After reverently saluting this eternal, perfected preceptor, who moves through all worlds and is a treasury of sacred knowledge (brahmakośa), he began to ask.
सौदास उवाच ।
त्रैलोक्ये भगवन्किं स्वित्पवित्रं कथ्यतेऽनघ ।
यत्कीर्तयन्सदा मर्त्यः प्राप्नुयात्पुण्यमुत्तमम् ॥३॥
3. saudāsa uvāca ,
trailokye bhagavankiṁ svitpavitraṁ kathyate'nagha ,
yatkīrtayansadā martyaḥ prāpnuyātpuṇyamuttamam.
3. saudāsa uvāca | trailokye bhagavan
kim svit pavitram kathyate
anagha | yat kīrtayan sadā
martyaḥ prāpnuyāt puṇyam uttamam
3. Saudas said: "O revered and sinless one, what is considered the purest thing in the three worlds, by always chanting which a mortal can attain the highest spiritual merit?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
तस्मै प्रोवाच वचनं प्रणताय हितं तदा ।
गवामुपनिषद्विद्वान्नमस्कृत्य गवां शुचिः ॥४॥
4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tasmai provāca vacanaṁ praṇatāya hitaṁ tadā ,
gavāmupaniṣadvidvānnamaskṛtya gavāṁ śuciḥ.
4. bhīṣma uvāca | tasmai provāca vacanam praṇatāya hitam
tadā | gavām upaniṣad vidvān namaskṛtya gavām śuciḥ
4. Bhishma said: Then, the pure and learned one, who knew the esoteric teachings (upaniṣad) of cows, first offered his salutations, and then spoke beneficial words to the one who had bowed.
गावः सुरभिगन्धिन्यस्तथा गुग्गुलुगन्धिकाः ।
गावः प्रतिष्ठा भूतानां गावः स्वस्त्ययनं महत् ॥५॥
5. gāvaḥ surabhigandhinyastathā guggulugandhikāḥ ,
gāvaḥ pratiṣṭhā bhūtānāṁ gāvaḥ svastyayanaṁ mahat.
5. gāvaḥ surabhigandhinyaḥ tathā guggulugandhikāḥ |
gāvaḥ pratiṣṭhā bhūtānām gāvaḥ svastyayanam mahat
5. Cows possess a pleasant fragrance, and likewise, the scent of guggulu. Cows are the foundation of all beings. Cows are a great source of welfare and auspiciousness.
गावो भूतं भविष्यच्च गावः पुष्टिः सनातनी ।
गावो लक्ष्म्यास्तथा मूलं गोषु दत्तं न नश्यति ।
अन्नं हि सततं गावो देवानां परमं हविः ॥६॥
6. gāvo bhūtaṁ bhaviṣyacca gāvaḥ puṣṭiḥ sanātanī ,
gāvo lakṣmyāstathā mūlaṁ goṣu dattaṁ na naśyati ,
annaṁ hi satataṁ gāvo devānāṁ paramaṁ haviḥ.
6. gāvaḥ bhūtam bhaviṣyam ca gāvaḥ puṣṭiḥ
sanātanī gāvaḥ lakṣmyāḥ tathā
mūlam goṣu dattam na naśyati annam hi
satatam gāvaḥ devānām paramam haviḥ
6. gāvaḥ bhūtam ca bhaviṣyam gāvaḥ
sanātanī puṣṭiḥ tathā gāvaḥ lakṣmyāḥ
mūlam goṣu dattam na naśyati hi gāvaḥ
satatam annam devānām paramam haviḥ
6. Cows are the past and the future. Cows are eternal nourishment and prosperity. Cows are also the source of wealth (Lakshmi). What is given to cows does not perish. Indeed, cows always provide sustenance and are the supreme offering for the deities.
स्वाहाकारवषट्कारौ गोषु नित्यं प्रतिष्ठितौ ।
गावो यज्ञस्य हि फलं गोषु यज्ञाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥७॥
7. svāhākāravaṣaṭkārau goṣu nityaṁ pratiṣṭhitau ,
gāvo yajñasya hi phalaṁ goṣu yajñāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ.
7. svāhākāravaṣaṭkārau goṣu nityam pratiṣṭhitau
gāvaḥ yajñasya hi phalam goṣu yajñāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ
7. svāhākāravaṣaṭkārau nityam goṣu pratiṣṭhitau hi
gāvaḥ yajñasya phalam goṣu yajñāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ
7. The utterances Svāhā and Vaṣaṭ are constantly established in cows. Indeed, cows are the fruit of the Vedic ritual (yajña), and the Vedic rituals (yajñas) are established in cows.
सायं प्रातश्च सततं होमकाले महामते ।
गावो ददति वै होम्यमृषिभ्यः पुरुषर्षभ ॥८॥
8. sāyaṁ prātaśca satataṁ homakāle mahāmate ,
gāvo dadati vai homyamṛṣibhyaḥ puruṣarṣabha.
8. sāyam prātaḥ ca satatam homakāle mahāmate
gāvaḥ dadati vai homyam ṛṣibhyaḥ puruṣarṣabha
8. mahāmate puruṣarṣabha sāyam ca prātaḥ satatam
homakāle gāvaḥ vai ṛṣibhyaḥ homyam dadati
8. O great-minded one, O best among men! Constantly, both in the evening and in the morning, at the time of the Vedic fire ritual (homa), cows indeed provide the offering for the ritual to the sages (ṛṣis).
कानिचिद्यानि दुर्गाणि दुष्कृतानि कृतानि च ।
तरन्ति चैव पाप्मानं धेनुं ये ददति प्रभो ॥९॥
9. kānicidyāni durgāṇi duṣkṛtāni kṛtāni ca ,
taranti caiva pāpmānaṁ dhenuṁ ye dadati prabho.
9. kānicit yāni durgāṇi duṣkṛtāni kṛtāni ca
taranti ca eva pāpmānam dhenum ye dadati prabho
9. prabho ye dhenum dadati kānicit yāni durgāṇi
duṣkṛtāni kṛtāni ca taranti ca eva pāpmānam
9. O Lord! Those who give a cow overcome whatever difficulties and misdeeds (duṣkṛtāni) they have committed, and indeed, they transcend sin.
एकां च दशगुर्दद्याद्दश दद्याच्च गोशती ।
शतं सहस्रगुर्दद्यात्सर्वे तुल्यफला हि ते ॥१०॥
10. ekāṁ ca daśagurdadyāddaśa dadyācca gośatī ,
śataṁ sahasragurdadyātsarve tulyaphalā hi te.
10. ekām ca daśaguḥ dadyāt daśa dadyāt ca gośatī
śatam sahasraguḥ dadyāt sarve tulyaphalāḥ hi te
10. daśaguḥ ekām dadyāt ca gośatī daśa dadyāt
sahasraguḥ śatam dadyāt hi te sarve tulyaphalāḥ
10. The giver of ten (cows) should give one. The giver of a hundred cows should give ten. The giver of a thousand cows should give a hundred. Indeed, all of them attain equal merit.
अनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः ।
समृद्धो यश्च कीनाशो नार्घ्यमर्हन्ति ते त्रयः ॥११॥
11. anāhitāgniḥ śatagurayajvā ca sahasraguḥ ,
samṛddho yaśca kīnāśo nārghyamarhanti te trayaḥ.
11. anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ayajvā ca sahasraguḥ samṛddhaḥ
yaḥ ca kīnāśaḥ na arghyam arhanti te trayaḥ
11. anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ca ayajvā sahasraguḥ ca yaḥ
samṛddhaḥ kīnāśaḥ te trayaḥ arghyam na arhanti
11. The hundred-cow owner who has not maintained the sacred fires, and the thousand-cow owner who does not perform (yajña), and the prosperous peasant - these three are not worthy of a respectful offering.
कपिलां ये प्रयच्छन्ति सवत्सां कांस्यदोहनाम् ।
सुव्रतां वस्त्रसंवीतामुभौ लोकौ जयन्ति ते ॥१२॥
12. kapilāṁ ye prayacchanti savatsāṁ kāṁsyadohanām ,
suvratāṁ vastrasaṁvītāmubhau lokau jayanti te.
12. kapilām ye prayacchanti savatsām kāṃsyadohanām
suvratām vastrasaṃvītām ubhau lokau jayanti te
12. ye kapilām savatsām kāṃsyadohanām suvratām
vastrasaṃvītām prayacchanti te ubhau lokau jayanti
12. Those who donate a reddish-brown cow, along with its calf, whose milk is drawn into a bronze vessel, which is well-behaved, and covered with clothes - they conquer both worlds.
युवानमिन्द्रियोपेतं शतेन सह यूथपम् ।
गवेन्द्रं ब्राह्मणेन्द्राय भूरिशृङ्गमलंकृतम् ॥१३॥
13. yuvānamindriyopetaṁ śatena saha yūthapam ,
gavendraṁ brāhmaṇendrāya bhūriśṛṅgamalaṁkṛtam.
13. yuvānam indriyopetam śatena saha yūthapam
gavendram brāhmaṇendrāya bhūriśṛṅgam alaṅkṛtam
13. yuvānam indriyopetam yūthapam śatena saha
bhūriśṛṅgam alaṅkṛtam gavendram brāhmaṇendrāya
13. (One should give) a young, sense-endowed, chief of the herd, an excellent bull, accompanied by a hundred (cows), having large horns, and adorned, to an excellent Brahmin.
वृषभं ये प्रयच्छन्ति श्रोत्रियाय परंतप ।
ऐश्वर्यं तेऽभिजायन्ते जायमानाः पुनः पुनः ॥१४॥
14. vṛṣabhaṁ ye prayacchanti śrotriyāya paraṁtapa ,
aiśvaryaṁ te'bhijāyante jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ.
14. vṛṣabham ye prayacchanti śrotriyāya paraṃtapa
aiśvaryam te abhijāyante jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ
14. paraṃtapa ye śrotriyāya vṛṣabham prayacchanti
te jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ aiśvaryam abhijāyante
14. O tormentor of foes, those who give a bull to a learned Vedic scholar are repeatedly born into states of power and prosperity.
नाकीर्तयित्वा गाः सुप्यान्नास्मृत्य पुनरुत्पतेत् ।
सायं प्रातर्नमस्येच्च गास्ततः पुष्टिमाप्नुयात् ॥१५॥
15. nākīrtayitvā gāḥ supyānnāsmṛtya punarutpatet ,
sāyaṁ prātarnamasyecca gāstataḥ puṣṭimāpnuyāt.
15. na akīrtayitvā gāḥ supyāt na asmṛtya punar utpatet
sāyam prātaḥ namasyet ca gāḥ tataḥ puṣṭim āpnuyāt
15. na gāḥ akīrtayitvā supyāt na asmṛtya punar utpatet
sāyam prātaḥ ca gāḥ namasyet tataḥ puṣṭim āpnuyāt
15. One should not sleep without mentioning cows, nor should one rise without remembering them. One should revere cows both in the evening and in the morning; from that, one will attain growth and prosperity.
गवां मूत्रपुरीषस्य नोद्विजेत कदाचन ।
न चासां मांसमश्नीयाद्गवां व्युष्टिं तथाश्नुते ॥१६॥
16. gavāṁ mūtrapurīṣasya nodvijeta kadācana ,
na cāsāṁ māṁsamaśnīyādgavāṁ vyuṣṭiṁ tathāśnute.
16. gavām mūtrapurīṣasya na udvijeta kadācana na ca
āsām māṃsam aśnīyāt gavām vyuṣṭim tathā aśnute
16. gavām mūtrapurīṣasya kadācana na udvijeta ca āsām
māṃsam na aśnīyāt tathā gavām vyuṣṭim aśnute
16. One should never feel aversion towards the urine and dung of cows. And one should not eat their flesh; by this, one truly obtains the benefits associated with cows.
गाश्च संकीर्तयेन्नित्यं नावमन्येत गास्तथा ।
अनिष्टं स्वप्नमालक्ष्य गां नरः संप्रकीर्तयेत् ॥१७॥
17. gāśca saṁkīrtayennityaṁ nāvamanyeta gāstathā ,
aniṣṭaṁ svapnamālakṣya gāṁ naraḥ saṁprakīrtayet.
17. gāḥ ca saṃkīrtayet nityam na avamanyeta gāḥ tathā
aniṣṭam svapnam ālakṣya gām naraḥ samprakīrtayet
17. ca gāḥ nityam saṃkīrtayet tathā gāḥ na avamanyeta
naraḥ aniṣṭam svapnam ālakṣya gām samprakīrtayet
17. One should always speak highly of cows and never disrespect them. Similarly, if a person experiences an inauspicious dream, they should mention cows as a remedy.
गोमयेन सदा स्नायाद्गोकरीषे च संविशेत् ।
श्लेष्ममूत्रपुरीषाणि प्रतिघातं च वर्जयेत् ॥१८॥
18. gomayena sadā snāyādgokarīṣe ca saṁviśet ,
śleṣmamūtrapurīṣāṇi pratighātaṁ ca varjayet.
18. gomayena sadā snāyāt gokarīṣe ca saṃviśet
śleṣmamūtrapurīṣāṇi pratighātaṃ ca varjayet
18. sadā gomayena snāyāt ca gokarīṣe saṃviśet
śleṣmamūtrapurīṣāṇi ca pratighātaṃ varjayet
18. One should always bathe with cow dung and sleep on cow dung. One should avoid phlegm, urine, and feces, as well as suppressing the natural urges related to them.
सार्द्रचर्मणि भुञ्जीत निरीक्षन्वारुणीं दिशम् ।
वाग्यतः सर्पिषा भूमौ गवां व्युष्टिं तथाश्नुते ॥१९॥
19. sārdracarmaṇi bhuñjīta nirīkṣanvāruṇīṁ diśam ,
vāgyataḥ sarpiṣā bhūmau gavāṁ vyuṣṭiṁ tathāśnute.
19. sārdracarmaṇi bhuñjīta nirīkṣan vāruṇīṃ diśam
vāgyataḥ sarpiṣā bhūmau gavāṃ vyuṣṭiṃ tathā aśnute
19. sārdracarmaṇi vāruṇīṃ diśam nirīkṣan bhuñjīta
vāgyataḥ bhūmau sarpiṣā tathā gavāṃ vyuṣṭiṃ aśnute
19. One should eat on a wet cowhide, facing the western direction. Remaining silent, one attains the prosperity of cows by offering or consuming ghee on the ground.
घृतेन जुहुयादग्निं घृतेन स्वस्ति वाचयेत् ।
घृतं दद्याद्घृतं प्राशेद्गवां व्युष्टिं तथाश्नुते ॥२०॥
20. ghṛtena juhuyādagniṁ ghṛtena svasti vācayet ,
ghṛtaṁ dadyādghṛtaṁ prāśedgavāṁ vyuṣṭiṁ tathāśnute.
20. ghṛtena juhuyāt agniṃ ghṛtena svasti vācayet ghṛtaṃ
dadyāt ghṛtaṃ prāśet gavāṃ vyuṣṭiṃ tathā aśnute
20. ghṛtena agniṃ juhuyāt ghṛtena svasti vācayet ghṛtaṃ
dadyāt ghṛtaṃ prāśet tathā gavāṃ vyuṣṭiṃ aśnute
20. One should offer ghee into the fire, and one should have blessings pronounced using ghee. One should give ghee, and one should consume ghee; thus, one attains the prosperity of cows.
गोमत्या विद्यया धेनुं तिलानामभिमन्त्र्य यः ।
रसरत्नमयीं दद्यान्न स शोचेत्कृताकृते ॥२१॥
21. gomatyā vidyayā dhenuṁ tilānāmabhimantrya yaḥ ,
rasaratnamayīṁ dadyānna sa śocetkṛtākṛte.
21. gomatyā vidyayā dhenuṃ tilānām abhimantrya
yaḥ rasaratnamayīṃ dadyāt na sa śocet kṛtākṛte
21. yaḥ gomatyā vidyayā tilānām abhimantrya
rasaratnamayīṃ dhenuṃ dadyāt sa kṛtākṛte na śocet
21. Whoever, having consecrated sesame seeds with the Gomatī mantra (vidyā), gives a symbolic cow made of essence and jewels, he does not grieve over actions done or not done.
गावो मामुपतिष्ठन्तु हेमशृङ्गाः पयोमुचः ।
सुरभ्यः सौरभेयाश्च सरितः सागरं यथा ॥२२॥
22. gāvo māmupatiṣṭhantu hemaśṛṅgāḥ payomucaḥ ,
surabhyaḥ saurabheyāśca saritaḥ sāgaraṁ yathā.
22. gāvaḥ mām upatiṣṭhantu hemaśṛṅgāḥ payomucaḥ
surabhyaḥ saurabheyāḥ ca saritaḥ sāgaram yathā
22. May cows attend upon me - those with golden horns, yielding milk, fragrant, and born of Surabhi - just as rivers converge into the ocean.
गावः पश्यन्तु मां नित्यं गावः पश्याम्यहं तदा ।
गावोऽस्माकं वयं तासां यतो गावस्ततो वयम् ॥२३॥
23. gāvaḥ paśyantu māṁ nityaṁ gāvaḥ paśyāmyahaṁ tadā ,
gāvo'smākaṁ vayaṁ tāsāṁ yato gāvastato vayam.
23. gāvaḥ paśyantu mām nityam gāvaḥ paśyāmi aham tadā
gāvaḥ asmākam vayam tāsām yataḥ gāvaḥ tataḥ vayam
23. May cows always see me; then I (also) see cows. Cows are ours, and we are theirs; for where cows are, there we are also.
एवं रात्रौ दिवा चैव समेषु विषमेषु च ।
महाभयेषु च नरः कीर्तयन्मुच्यते भयात् ॥२४॥
24. evaṁ rātrau divā caiva sameṣu viṣameṣu ca ,
mahābhayeṣu ca naraḥ kīrtayanmucyate bhayāt.
24. evam rātrau divā ca eva sameṣu viṣameṣu ca
mahābhayeṣu ca naraḥ kīrtayan mucyate bhayāt
24. Thus, a person, by glorifying (them), is freed from fear both at night and during the day, in balanced and unbalanced situations, and in great dangers.