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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-55

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वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अथाब्रवीन्महातेजा वाक्यं कौरवनन्दनः ।
हन्त धर्मान्प्रवक्ष्यामि दृढे वाङ्मनसी मम ।
तव प्रसादाद्गोविन्द भूतात्मा ह्यसि शाश्वतः ॥१॥
1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
athābravīnmahātejā vākyaṁ kauravanandanaḥ ,
hanta dharmānpravakṣyāmi dṛḍhe vāṅmanasī mama ,
tava prasādādgovinda bhūtātmā hyasi śāśvataḥ.
1. vaiśampāyana uvāca atha abravīt mahātejā
vākyam kauravanandanaḥ hanta dharmān
pravakṣyāmi dṛḍhe vāk manasī mama tava
prasādāt govinda bhūtātmā hi asi śāśvataḥ
1. vaiśampāyana uvāca atha mahātejā
kauravanandanaḥ vākyam abravīt hanta mama vāk
manasī dṛḍhe dharmān pravakṣyāmi govinda
tava prasādāt hi tvam bhūtātmā śāśvataḥ asi
1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, the greatly refulgent Bhīṣma, the delight of the Kurus, spoke these words: "Now, I will indeed expound upon the principles of natural law (dharma), as my speech and mind are resolute. O Govinda, it is by your grace, for you are truly the eternal soul of all beings (bhūtātmā)."
युधिष्ठिरस्तु मां राजा धर्मान्समनुपृच्छतु ।
एवं प्रीतो भविष्यामि धर्मान्वक्ष्यामि चानघ ॥२॥
2. yudhiṣṭhirastu māṁ rājā dharmānsamanupṛcchatu ,
evaṁ prīto bhaviṣyāmi dharmānvakṣyāmi cānagha.
2. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu mām rājā dharmān samanupṛcchatu
evam prītaḥ bhaviṣyāmi dharmān vakṣyāmi ca anagha
2. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu rājā mām dharmān samanupṛcchatu
evam prītaḥ bhaviṣyāmi ca anagha dharmān vakṣyāmi
2. "Let King Yudhiṣṭhira indeed question me thoroughly about the principles of natural law (dharma). Thus, I shall be pleased, and I will explain the principles of natural law (dharma), O sinless one."
यस्मिन्राजर्षभे जाते धर्मात्मनि महात्मनि ।
अहृष्यन्नृषयः सर्वे स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥३॥
3. yasminrājarṣabhe jāte dharmātmani mahātmani ,
ahṛṣyannṛṣayaḥ sarve sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
3. yasmin rājarṣabhe jāte dharmātmani mahātmani
ahṛṣyan ṛṣayaḥ sarve saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
3. saḥ pāṇḍavaḥ mām pṛcchatu yasmin rājarṣabhe
jāte dharmātmani mahātmani sarve ṛṣayaḥ ahṛṣyan
3. "Let that Pāṇḍava, Yudhiṣṭhira, question me, he who is a royal sage, whose soul is dedicated to natural law (dharmātman), the great-souled one, at whose birth all the sages rejoiced."
सर्वेषां दीप्तयशसां कुरूणां धर्मचारिणाम् ।
यस्य नास्ति समः कश्चित्स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥४॥
4. sarveṣāṁ dīptayaśasāṁ kurūṇāṁ dharmacāriṇām ,
yasya nāsti samaḥ kaścitsa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
4. sarveṣām dīptayaśasām kurūṇām dharmacāriṇām yasya
na asti samaḥ kaścit saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
4. saḥ pāṇḍavaḥ mām pṛcchatu yasya sarveṣām dīptayaśasām
kurūṇām dharmacāriṇām kaścit samaḥ na asti
4. "Let that Pāṇḍava question me, to whom there is no equal among all the glorious Kurus who adhere to natural law (dharma)."
धृतिर्दमो ब्रह्मचर्यं क्षमा धर्मश्च नित्यदा ।
यस्मिन्नोजश्च तेजश्च स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥५॥
5. dhṛtirdamo brahmacaryaṁ kṣamā dharmaśca nityadā ,
yasminnojaśca tejaśca sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
5. dhṛtiḥ damaḥ brahmacaryam kṣamā dharmaḥ ca nityadā
yasmim ojaḥ ca tejaḥ ca saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
5. pāṇḍavaḥ yasmim dhṛtiḥ damaḥ brahmacaryam kṣamā ca nityadā
dharmaḥ ca ojaḥ ca tejaḥ ca (santi) saḥ mām pṛcchatu
5. O son of Pāṇḍu, that person should question me who always possesses fortitude, self-control, celibacy, forgiveness, and the intrinsic nature (dharma) of righteousness, and in whom are present both vital energy and spiritual radiance.
सत्यं दानं तपः शौचं शान्तिर्दाक्ष्यमसंभ्रमः ।
यस्मिन्नेतानि सर्वाणि स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥६॥
6. satyaṁ dānaṁ tapaḥ śaucaṁ śāntirdākṣyamasaṁbhramaḥ ,
yasminnetāni sarvāṇi sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
6. satyam dānam tapaḥ śaucam śāntiḥ dākṣyam asaṃbhramaḥ
yasmim etāni sarvāṇi saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
6. pāṇḍavaḥ yasmim satyam dānam tapaḥ śaucam śāntiḥ dākṣyam
asaṃbhramaḥ etāni sarvāṇi (santi) saḥ mām pṛcchatu
6. O son of Pāṇḍu, that person should question me who possesses truthfulness, charity (dāna), austerity (tapas), purity, tranquility, skillfulness, and freedom from confusion, and in whom all these qualities reside.
यो न कामान्न संरम्भान्न भयान्नार्थकारणात् ।
कुर्यादधर्मं धर्मात्मा स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥७॥
7. yo na kāmānna saṁrambhānna bhayānnārthakāraṇāt ,
kuryādadharmaṁ dharmātmā sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
7. yaḥ na kāmān na saṃrambhāt na bhayāt na artha-kāraṇāt
kuryāt adharmam dharmātmā saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
7. pāṇḍavaḥ yaḥ dharmātmā kāmān na saṃrambhāt na bhayāt na artha-kāraṇāt na adharmam kuryāt,
saḥ mām pṛcchatu
7. O son of Pāṇḍu, that righteous-souled person (dharmātmā) should question me who does not commit unrighteousness (adharma) out of desire, nor out of passion, nor out of fear, nor for the sake of material gain.
संबन्धिनोऽतिथीन्भृत्यान्संश्रितोपाश्रितांश्च यः ।
संमानयति सत्कृत्य स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥८॥
8. saṁbandhino'tithīnbhṛtyānsaṁśritopāśritāṁśca yaḥ ,
saṁmānayati satkṛtya sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
8. sambandhinaḥ atithīn bhṛtyān saṃśrita-upāśritān ca
yaḥ sammānayati satkṛtya saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
8. pāṇḍavaḥ yaḥ sambandhinaḥ atithīn bhṛtyān ca saṃśrita-upāśritān ca satkṛtya sammānayati,
saḥ mām pṛcchatu
8. O son of Pāṇḍu, that person should question me who, having shown due respect, honors relatives, guests, servants, and those who have sought refuge and protection.
सत्यनित्यः क्षमानित्यो ज्ञाननित्योऽतिथिप्रियः ।
यो ददाति सतां नित्यं स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥९॥
9. satyanityaḥ kṣamānityo jñānanityo'tithipriyaḥ ,
yo dadāti satāṁ nityaṁ sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
9. satyanityaḥ kṣamānityaḥ jñānanityaḥ atithipriyaḥ
yaḥ dadāti satām nityam saḥ mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
9. pāṇḍavaḥ yaḥ satyanityaḥ kṣamānityaḥ jñānanityaḥ
atithipriyaḥ nityam satām dadāti saḥ mām pṛcchatu
9. O Pāṇḍava, let the one who is constantly truthful, always forgiving, perpetually knowledgeable, hospitable to guests, and who regularly gives to the virtuous, question me.
इज्याध्ययननित्यश्च धर्मे च निरतः सदा ।
शान्तः श्रुतरहस्यश्च स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः ॥१०॥
10. ijyādhyayananityaśca dharme ca nirataḥ sadā ,
śāntaḥ śrutarahasyaśca sa māṁ pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ.
10. ijyādhyayananityaḥ ca dharme ca nirataḥ sadā
śāntaḥ śrutarahasyaḥ ca sa mām pṛcchatu pāṇḍavaḥ
10. sa pāṇḍavaḥ ijyādhyayananityaḥ ca dharme ca sadā
nirataḥ śāntaḥ śrutarahasyaḥ ca mām pṛcchatu
10. That Pāṇḍava, who is always engaged in Vedic rituals (yajña) and study, devoted to natural law (dharma), peaceful, and who has heard the secret doctrines, may question me.
वासुदेव उवाच ।
लज्जया परयोपेतो धर्मात्मा स युधिष्ठिरः ।
अभिशापभयाद्भीतो भवन्तं नोपसर्पति ॥११॥
11. vāsudeva uvāca ,
lajjayā parayopeto dharmātmā sa yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
abhiśāpabhayādbhīto bhavantaṁ nopasarpati.
11. vāsudevaḥ uvāca lajjayā parayā upetaḥ dharmātmā saḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ abhiśāpabhayāt bhītaḥ bhavantam na upasarpati
11. vāsudevaḥ uvāca saḥ dharmātmā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ parayā lajjayā
upetaḥ abhiśāpabhayāt bhītaḥ bhavantam na upasarpati
11. Vāsudeva said: That virtuous Yudhiṣṭhira, filled with immense shame and frightened by the prospect of a curse, does not approach you.
लोकस्य कदनं कृत्वा लोकनाथो विशां पते ।
अभिशापभयाद्भीतो भवन्तं नोपसर्पति ॥१२॥
12. lokasya kadanaṁ kṛtvā lokanātho viśāṁ pate ,
abhiśāpabhayādbhīto bhavantaṁ nopasarpati.
12. lokasya kadanam kṛtvā lokanāthaḥ viśām pate
abhiśāpabhayāt bhītaḥ bhavantam na upasarpati
12. viśām pate lokanāthaḥ lokasya kadanam kṛtvā
abhiśāpabhayāt bhītaḥ bhavantam na upasarpati
12. O ruler of the people, the protector of the world, having wrought devastation upon the populace, he is fearful of a curse and does not come before you.
पूज्यान्मान्यांश्च भक्तांश्च गुरून्संबन्धिबान्धवान् ।
अर्घ्यार्हानिषुभिर्हत्वा भवन्तं नोपसर्पति ॥१३॥
13. pūjyānmānyāṁśca bhaktāṁśca gurūnsaṁbandhibāndhavān ,
arghyārhāniṣubhirhatvā bhavantaṁ nopasarpati.
13. pūjyān mānyān ca bhaktān ca gurūn sambandhibāndhavān
arghyārhān iṣubhiḥ hatvā bhavantam na upasarpati
13. iṣubhiḥ pūjyān mānyān ca bhaktān ca gurūn
sambandhibāndhavān arghyārhān hatvā bhavantam na upasarpati
13. Having slain with arrows those who are worthy of worship, the venerable, and one's devotees, teachers, relatives, and kinsmen - those deserving of honorific offerings - one does not approach You.
भीष्म उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानां यथा धर्मो दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
क्षत्रियाणां तथा कृष्ण समरे देहपातनम् ॥१४॥
14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ yathā dharmo dānamadhyayanaṁ tapaḥ ,
kṣatriyāṇāṁ tathā kṛṣṇa samare dehapātanam.
14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇānām yathā dharmaḥ dānam adhyayanam
tapaḥ kṣatriyāṇām tathā kṛṣṇa samare dehapātanam
14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca - kṛṣṇa,
yathā brāhmaṇānām dharmaḥ dānam adhyayanam tapaḥ (asti),
tathā kṣatriyāṇām samare dehapātanam (asti)
14. Bhiṣma said: "Just as the intrinsic nature (dharma) for Brahmins is charity (dāna), study, and austerity (tapas), similarly, O Kṛṣṇa, for Kṣatriyas, it is the relinquishing of the body in battle."
पितॄन्पितामहान्पुत्रान्गुरून्संबन्धिबान्धवान् ।
मिथ्याप्रवृत्तान्यः संख्ये निहन्याद्धर्म एव सः ॥१५॥
15. pitṝnpitāmahānputrāngurūnsaṁbandhibāndhavān ,
mithyāpravṛttānyaḥ saṁkhye nihanyāddharma eva saḥ.
15. pitṝn pitāmahān putrān gurūn sambandhibāndhavān
mithyāpravṛttān yaḥ saṅkhye nihanyāt dharmaḥ eva saḥ
15. yaḥ saṅkhye mithyāpravṛttān pitṝn pitāmahān putrān gurūn sambandhibāndhavān nihanyāt,
saḥ eva dharmaḥ
15. Whoever kills in battle those who are fathers, grandfathers, sons, teachers, relatives, and kinsmen, but are engaged in wrong conduct, that alone is proper action (dharma).
समयत्यागिनो लुब्धान्गुरूनपि च केशव ।
निहन्ति समरे पापान्क्षत्रियो यः स धर्मवित् ॥१६॥
16. samayatyāgino lubdhāngurūnapi ca keśava ,
nihanti samare pāpānkṣatriyo yaḥ sa dharmavit.
16. samayatyāginaḥ lubdhān gurūn api ca keśava
nihanti samare pāpān kṣatriyaḥ yaḥ saḥ dharmavit
16. keśava,
yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ samare samayatyāginaḥ lubdhān pāpān gurūn api ca nihanti,
saḥ dharmavit
16. O Keśava, that Kṣatriya who kills in battle even his teachers who are greedy, violate their agreements, and are sinful, he is truly a knower of intrinsic nature (dharma).
आहूतेन रणे नित्यं योद्धव्यं क्षत्रबन्धुना ।
धर्म्यं स्वर्ग्यं च लोक्यं च युद्धं हि मनुरब्रवीत् ॥१७॥
17. āhūtena raṇe nityaṁ yoddhavyaṁ kṣatrabandhunā ,
dharmyaṁ svargyaṁ ca lokyaṁ ca yuddhaṁ hi manurabravīt.
17. āhūtena raṇe nityam yoddhavyam kṣatrabandhunā dharmyam
svargyam ca lokyam ca yuddham hi manuḥ abravīt
17. kṣatrabandhunā āhūtena raṇe nityam yoddhavyam.
manuḥ hi yuddham dharmyam svargyam ca lokyam ca abravīt.
17. A kṣatriya (kṣatrabandhu), when called upon, must always fight in battle. Indeed, Manu declared that war is in accordance with natural law (dharma), leads to heaven, and is beneficial for the world.
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तस्तु भीष्मेण धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
विनीतवदुपागम्य तस्थौ संदर्शनेऽग्रतः ॥१८॥
18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktastu bhīṣmeṇa dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
vinītavadupāgamya tasthau saṁdarśane'grataḥ.
18. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ tu bhīṣmeṇa dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ vinītavat upāgamya tasthau saṃdarśane agrataḥ
18. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca.
tu bhīṣmeṇa evam uktaḥ dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ vinītavat upāgamya agrataḥ saṃdarśane tasthau.
18. Vaiśampāyana said: Although thus addressed by Bhishma, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the King of Righteousness (Dharma-rāja), humbly approached and stood before him, within his sight.
अथास्य पादौ जग्राह भीष्मश्चाभिननन्द तम् ।
मूर्ध्नि चैनमुपाघ्राय निषीदेत्यब्रवीत्तदा ॥१९॥
19. athāsya pādau jagrāha bhīṣmaścābhinananda tam ,
mūrdhni cainamupāghrāya niṣīdetyabravīttadā.
19. atha asya pādau jagrāha bhīṣmaḥ ca abhinananda tam
mūrdhni ca enam upāghrāya niṣīda iti abravīt tadā
19. atha bhīṣmaḥ asya pādau jagrāha,
ca tam abhinananda.
ca enam mūrdhni upāghrāya tadā niṣīda iti abravīt.
19. Then Bhishma clasped his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) feet and congratulated him. And after smelling his head (as a sign of blessing), he then said to him, 'Please sit down!'
तमुवाचाथ गाङ्गेय ऋषभः सर्वधन्विनाम् ।
पृच्छ मां तात विस्रब्धं मा भैस्त्वं कुरुसत्तम ॥२०॥
20. tamuvācātha gāṅgeya ṛṣabhaḥ sarvadhanvinām ,
pṛccha māṁ tāta visrabdhaṁ mā bhaistvaṁ kurusattama.
20. tam uvāca atha gāṅgeyaḥ ṛṣabhaḥ sarvadhanvinām
pṛccha mām tāta visrabdham mā bhaiḥ tvam kurusattama
20. atha gāṅgeyaḥ sarvadhanvinām ṛṣabhaḥ tam uvāca.
tāta,
kurusattama,
visrabdham mām pṛccha.
tvam mā bhaiḥ.
20. Then Bhishma (Gāṅgeya), the foremost of all archers, said to him: 'My dear son, ask me confidently. Do not be afraid, O best of the Kurus!'