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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43

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धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
ऋचो यजूंष्यधीते यः सामवेदं च यो द्विजः ।
पापानि कुर्वन्पापेन लिप्यते न स लिप्यते ॥१॥
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ṛco yajūṁṣyadhīte yaḥ sāmavedaṁ ca yo dvijaḥ ,
pāpāni kurvanpāpena lipyate na sa lipyate.
1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ṛcaḥ yajūṃṣi adhīte yaḥ sāmavedam ca
yaḥ dvijaḥ pāpāni kurvan pāpena lipyate na saḥ lipyate
1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: That twice-born (dvija) who studies the Ṛg Veda, Yajur Veda, and Sāma Veda, but performs sinful deeds, is indeed stained by sin (pāpa); he is not free from its effects.
सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
नैनं सामान्यृचो वापि न यजूंषि विचक्षण ।
त्रायन्ते कर्मणः पापान्न ते मिथ्या ब्रवीम्यहम् ॥२॥
2. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
nainaṁ sāmānyṛco vāpi na yajūṁṣi vicakṣaṇa ,
trāyante karmaṇaḥ pāpānna te mithyā bravīmyaham.
2. sanatsujāta uvāca | na enam sāmāni ṛcaḥ vā api na yajūṃṣi
vicakṣaṇa | trāyante karmaṇaḥ pāpāt na te mithyā bravīmi aham
2. Sanatsujāta said: O discerning one, neither the Sāman chants, nor the Ṛk verses, nor the Yajus formulas protect this person from sinful actions (karma). I assure you, I am not speaking falsely.
न छन्दांसि वृजिनात्तारयन्ति मायाविनं मायया वर्तमानम् ।
नीडं शकुन्ता इव जातपक्षाश्छन्दांस्येनं प्रजहत्यन्तकाले ॥३॥
3. na chandāṁsi vṛjināttārayanti; māyāvinaṁ māyayā vartamānam ,
nīḍaṁ śakuntā iva jātapakṣā;śchandāṁsyenaṁ prajahatyantakāle.
3. na chandāṃsi vṛjināt tārayanti
māyāvinam māyayā vartamānam |
nīḍam śakuntāḥ iva jātaprakṣāḥ
chandāṃsi enam prajahati antakāle
3. The Vedic hymns (chandāṃsi) do not deliver a person from wickedness if they are deceitful, living by illusion (māyā). Just as birds whose wings have grown abandon their nest, these Vedic hymns abandon such a person at the time of death.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
न चेद्वेदा वेदविदं शक्तास्त्रातुं विचक्षण ।
अथ कस्मात्प्रलापोऽयं ब्राह्मणानां सनातनः ॥४॥
4. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
na cedvedā vedavidaṁ śaktāstrātuṁ vicakṣaṇa ,
atha kasmātpralāpo'yaṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ sanātanaḥ.
4. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | na cet vedāḥ vedavidam śaktāḥ trātum
vicakṣaṇa | atha kasmāt pralāpaḥ ayam brāhmaṇānām sanātanaḥ
4. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O discerning one, if the Vedas are incapable of protecting a knower of the Vedas, then why is this ancient tradition of the brahmins (brāhmaṇānām) filled with talk about them?
सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
अस्मिँल्लोके तपस्तप्तं फलमन्यत्र दृश्यते ।
ब्राह्मणानामिमे लोका ऋद्धे तपसि संयताः ॥५॥
5. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
asmiँlloke tapastaptaṁ phalamanyatra dṛśyate ,
brāhmaṇānāmime lokā ṛddhe tapasi saṁyatāḥ.
5. sanatsujāta uvāca | asmin loke tapaḥ taptam phalam anyatra
dṛśyate | brāhmaṇānām ime lokāḥ ṛddhe tapasi saṃyatāḥ
5. Sanatsujāta said: The austerity (tapas) performed in this world, its fruit is seen in another realm. These worlds belonging to the brahmins (brāhmaṇānām) are attained by means of perfected austerity (tapas).
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं समृद्धमप्यृद्धं तपो भवति केवलम् ।
सनत्सुजात तद्ब्रूहि यथा विद्याम तद्वयम् ॥६॥
6. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ samṛddhamapyṛddhaṁ tapo bhavati kevalam ,
sanatsujāta tadbrūhi yathā vidyāma tadvayam.
6. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kathaṃ samṛddham api ṛddham tapaḥ bhavati
kevalam | sanatsujāta tat brūhi yathā vidyāma tat vayam
6. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Sanatsujāta, please explain to us how austerities (tapas), even when abundant and prosperous, become purely spiritual (kevalam). We wish to understand this.
सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
क्रोधादयो द्वादश यस्य दोषास्तथा नृशंसादि षडत्र राजन् ।
धर्मादयो द्वादश चाततानाः शास्त्रे गुणा ये विदिता द्विजानाम् ॥७॥
7. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
krodhādayo dvādaśa yasya doṣā;stathā nṛśaṁsādi ṣaḍatra rājan ,
dharmādayo dvādaśa cātatānāḥ; śāstre guṇā ye viditā dvijānām.
7. sanatsujāta uvāca | krodhādayaḥ dvādaśa
yasya doṣāḥ tathā nṛśaṃsādi ṣaṭ atra
rājan | dharmādayaḥ dvādaśa ca
ātatanāḥ śāstre guṇāḥ ye viditāḥ dvijānām
7. Sanatsujāta said: O King, there are twelve faults (doṣa) like anger (krodha) and others, and six (faults) like cruelty (nṛśaṃsa) and others, which belong to a person. Similarly, there are twelve virtues (guṇa) like righteousness (dharma) and others, which are clearly established (ātatanāḥ) in the scriptures and are known to the twice-born (dvija).
क्रोधः कामो लोभमोहौ विवित्साकृपासूया मानशोकौ स्पृहा च ।
ईर्ष्या जुगुप्सा च मनुष्यदोषा वर्ज्याः सदा द्वादशैते नरेण ॥८॥
8. krodhaḥ kāmo lobhamohau vivitsā;kṛpāsūyā mānaśokau spṛhā ca ,
īrṣyā jugupsā ca manuṣyadoṣā; varjyāḥ sadā dvādaśaite nareṇa.
8. krodhaḥ kāmaḥ lobhamohau
vivitsākṛpāsūyā mānaśokau spṛhā ca
| īrṣyā jugupsā ca manuṣyadoṣāḥ
varjyāḥ sadā dvādaśa ete nareṇa
8. Anger (krodha), desire (kāma), greed (lobha), delusion (moha), inquisitiveness (vivitsā), lack of compassion (akṛpā), envy (asūyā), pride (māna), sorrow (śoka), longing (spṛhā), jealousy (īrṣyā), and aversion (jugupsā) - these twelve human faults (doṣa) should always be avoided by a person (nara).
एकैकमेते राजेन्द्र मनुष्यान्पर्युपासते ।
लिप्समानोऽन्तरं तेषां मृगाणामिव लुब्धकः ॥९॥
9. ekaikamete rājendra manuṣyānparyupāsate ,
lipsamāno'ntaraṁ teṣāṁ mṛgāṇāmiva lubdhakaḥ.
9. ekaikaṃ ete rājendra manuṣyān paryupāsate |
lipsamānaḥ antaram teṣām mṛgāṇām iva lubdhakaḥ
9. O King of Kings (rājendra), these (faults) attend upon humans one by one, just as a hunter (lubdhaka) seeks an opportunity among deer (mṛga).
विकत्थनः स्पृहयालुर्मनस्वी बिभ्रत्कोपं चपलोऽरक्षणश्च ।
एते प्राप्ताः षण्नरान्पापधर्मान्प्रकुर्वते नोत सन्तः सुदुर्गे ॥१०॥
10. vikatthanaḥ spṛhayālurmanasvī; bibhratkopaṁ capalo'rakṣaṇaśca ,
ete prāptāḥ ṣaṇnarānpāpadharmā;nprakurvate nota santaḥ sudurge.
10. vikatthanaḥ spṛhayāluḥ manasvī
bibhrat kopam capalaḥ arakṣaṇaḥ ca
| ete prāptāḥ ṣaṭ narān pāpadharmān
prakurvate na uta santaḥ sudurge
10. A boastful person, one who is envious, a proud individual, someone harboring anger, a fickle person, and one who offers no protection – these six qualities, when present in men, lead to sinful actions (pāpadharma) and are not found among good people, even in the most difficult circumstances.
संभोगसंविद्द्विषमेधमानो दत्तानुतापी कृपणोऽबलीयान् ।
वर्गप्रशंसी वनितासु द्वेष्टा एतेऽपरे सप्त नृशंसधर्माः ॥११॥
11. saṁbhogasaṁviddviṣamedhamāno; dattānutāpī kṛpaṇo'balīyān ,
vargapraśaṁsī vanitāsu dveṣṭā; ete'pare sapta nṛśaṁsadharmāḥ.
11. saṃbhogasaṃviddviṣamedhamānaḥ
dattānutāpī kṛpaṇaḥ abalīyān |
vargapraśaṃsī vanitāsu dveṣṭā
ete apare sapta nṛśaṃsadharmāḥ
11. One who is excessively attached to worldly pleasures (saṃbhoga), one who intensifies hostility, one who repents after giving, a miserly person, one who is weak, one who excessively praises his own faction, and one who despises women – these are seven other cruel qualities (nṛśaṃsadharma) found in men.
धर्मश्च सत्यं च दमस्तपश्च अमात्सर्यं ह्रीस्तितिक्षानसूया ।
यज्ञश्च दानं च धृतिः श्रुतं च महाव्रता द्वादश ब्राह्मणस्य ॥१२॥
12. dharmaśca satyaṁ ca damastapaśca; amātsaryaṁ hrīstitikṣānasūyā ,
yajñaśca dānaṁ ca dhṛtiḥ śrutaṁ ca; mahāvratā dvādaśa brāhmaṇasya.
12. dharmaḥ ca satyam ca damaḥ tapaḥ
ca amātsaryam hrīḥ titikṣā anasūyā
yajñaḥ ca dānam ca dhṛtiḥ śrutam
ca mahāvratāḥ dvādaśa brāhmaṇasya
12. dharmaḥ ca satyam ca damaḥ tapaḥ
ca amātsaryam hrīḥ titikṣā anasūyā
yajñaḥ ca dānam ca dhṛtiḥ śrutam
ca dvādaśa mahāvratāḥ brāhmaṇasya
12. The natural law (dharma), truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity (tapas), freedom from jealousy, modesty, forbearance, non-malice, the Vedic ritual (yajña), charity (dāna), fortitude, and sacred knowledge – these are the twelve great observances (mahāvratā) for a Brahmin.
यस्त्वेतेभ्यः प्रवसेद्द्वादशेभ्यः सर्वामपीमां पृथिवीं प्रशिष्यात् ।
त्रिभिर्द्वाभ्यामेकतो वा विशिष्टो नास्य स्वमस्तीति स वेदितव्यः ॥१३॥
13. yastvetebhyaḥ pravaseddvādaśebhyaḥ; sarvāmapīmāṁ pṛthivīṁ praśiṣyāt ,
tribhirdvābhyāmekato vā viśiṣṭo; nāsya svamastīti sa veditavyaḥ.
13. yaḥ tu etebhyaḥ pravaset dvādaśebhyaḥ
sarvām api imām pṛthivīm praśiṣyāt
| tribhiḥ dvābhyām ekataḥ vā viśiṣṭaḥ
na asya svam asti iti saḥ veditavyaḥ
13. Indeed, if someone deviates from these twelve (vows), even if he were to govern this entire earth, or be distinguished by three, two, or even just one (of these virtues), he should be considered as one who possesses nothing of his own.
दमस्त्यागोऽप्रमादश्च एतेष्वमृतमाहितम् ।
तानि सत्यमुखान्याहुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः ॥१४॥
14. damastyāgo'pramādaśca eteṣvamṛtamāhitam ,
tāni satyamukhānyāhurbrāhmaṇā ye manīṣiṇaḥ.
14. damaḥ tyāgaḥ apramādaḥ ca eteṣu amṛtam āhitam
tāni satyamukhāni āhuḥ brāhmaṇāḥ ye manīṣiṇaḥ
14. Self-restraint (dama), renunciation, and vigilance (apramāda) - immortality (amṛtam) is contained within these. Those sagacious Brahmins (brāhmaṇāḥ) declare that these qualities have truth as their origin.
दमोऽष्टादशदोषः स्यात्प्रतिकूलं कृताकृते ।
अनृतं चाभ्यसूया च कामार्थौ च तथा स्पृहा ॥१५॥
15. damo'ṣṭādaśadoṣaḥ syātpratikūlaṁ kṛtākṛte ,
anṛtaṁ cābhyasūyā ca kāmārthau ca tathā spṛhā.
15. damaḥ aṣṭādaśadoṣaḥ syāt pratikūlam kṛtākṛte
anṛtam ca abhyasūyā ca kāmārthau ca tathā spṛhā
15. Self-restraint (dama) is characterized by its opposition to eighteen faults. It is averse to the realm of actions and inactions (kṛtākṛte), untruth, envy (abhyasūyā), desire (kāma) and material gain (artha), and also craving (spṛhā).
क्रोधः शोकस्तथा तृष्णा लोभः पैशुन्यमेव च ।
मत्सरश्च विवित्सा च परितापस्तथा रतिः ॥१६॥
16. krodhaḥ śokastathā tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ paiśunyameva ca ,
matsaraśca vivitsā ca paritāpastathā ratiḥ.
16. krodhaḥ śokaḥ tathā tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ paiśunyam eva
ca matsaraḥ ca vivitsā ca paritāpaḥ tathā ratiḥ
16. ...anger, grief, and also intense craving (tṛṣṇā), greed, and indeed treachery (paiśunyam); and envy (matsara), and the desire to know (vivitsā), and anguish (paritāpa), and also sensual pleasure (rati).
अपस्मारः सातिवादस्तथा संभावनात्मनि ।
एतैर्विमुक्तो दोषैर्यः स दमः सद्भिरुच्यते ॥१७॥
17. apasmāraḥ sātivādastathā saṁbhāvanātmani ,
etairvimukto doṣairyaḥ sa damaḥ sadbhirucyate.
17. apasmāraḥ sātivādaḥ tathā saṃbhāvanā ātmani etaiḥ
vimuktaḥ doṣaiḥ yaḥ saḥ damaḥ sadbhiḥ ucyate
17. ...forgetfulness (apasmāra), boastful speech (sātivāda), and also self-conceit (ātman-based saṃbhāvanā). One who is freed from these faults is called self-restraint (dama) by the virtuous.
श्रेयांस्तु षड्विधस्त्यागः प्रियं प्राप्य न हृष्यति ।
अप्रिये तु समुत्पन्ने व्यथां जातु न चार्च्छति ॥१८॥
18. śreyāṁstu ṣaḍvidhastyāgaḥ priyaṁ prāpya na hṛṣyati ,
apriye tu samutpanne vyathāṁ jātu na cārcchati.
18. śreyān tu ṣaḍvidhaḥ tyāgaḥ priyam prāpya na hṛṣyati
apriye tu samutpanne vyathām jātu na ca ārcchati
18. Superior is the sixfold renunciation (tyāga): one who practices it does not rejoice upon obtaining what is pleasant, nor does one ever experience distress when an unpleasant situation arises.
इष्टान्दारांश्च पुत्रांश्च न चान्यं यद्वचो भवेत् ।
अर्हते याचमानाय प्रदेयं तद्वचो भवेत् ।
अप्यवाच्यं वदत्येव स तृतीयो गुणः स्मृतः ॥१९॥
19. iṣṭāndārāṁśca putrāṁśca na cānyaṁ yadvaco bhavet ,
arhate yācamānāya pradeyaṁ tadvaco bhavet ,
apyavācyaṁ vadatyeva sa tṛtīyo guṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.
19. iṣṭān dārān ca putrān ca na ca anyam
yat vacaḥ bhavet arhate yācamānāya
pradeyam tat vacaḥ bhavet api avācyam
vadati eva saḥ tṛtīyaḥ guṇaḥ smṛtaḥ
19. One should not give away beloved wives and sons to others, and whatever promise (vacaḥ) one makes, that promise should be fulfilled for a worthy supplicant. Moreover, to speak even what is unspeakable is remembered as the third quality (guṇa).
त्यक्तैर्द्रव्यैर्यो भवति नोपयुङ्क्ते च कामतः ।
न च कर्मसु तद्धीनः शिष्यबुद्धिर्नरो यथा ।
सर्वैरेव गुणैर्युक्तो द्रव्यवानपि यो भवेत् ॥२०॥
20. tyaktairdravyairyo bhavati nopayuṅkte ca kāmataḥ ,
na ca karmasu taddhīnaḥ śiṣyabuddhirnaro yathā ,
sarvaireva guṇairyukto dravyavānapi yo bhavet.
20. tyaktaiḥ dravyaiḥ yaḥ bhavati na upayunkte
ca kāmataḥ na ca karmasu taddhīnaḥ
śiṣyabuddhiḥ naraḥ yathā sarvaiḥ eva
guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ dravyavān api yaḥ bhavet
20. He who, though possessing wealth (dravya), behaves as if his possessions are renounced, and does not enjoy them driven by desire (kāma), nor is he dependent on them in his actions (karma); such a man, who possesses the intellect of a disciple (śiṣya-buddhi), is indeed endowed with all qualities (guṇa).
अप्रमादोऽष्टदोषः स्यात्तान्दोषान्परिवर्जयेत् ।
इन्द्रियेभ्यश्च पञ्चभ्यो मनसश्चैव भारत ।
अतीतानागतेभ्यश्च मुक्तो ह्येतैः सुखी भवेत् ॥२१॥
21. apramādo'ṣṭadoṣaḥ syāttāndoṣānparivarjayet ,
indriyebhyaśca pañcabhyo manasaścaiva bhārata ,
atītānāgatebhyaśca mukto hyetaiḥ sukhī bhavet.
21. apramādaḥ aṣṭadoṣaḥ syāt tān doṣān
parivarjayet indriyebhyaḥ ca pañcabhyaḥ
manasaḥ ca eva bhārata atītānāgatebhyaḥ
ca muktaḥ hi etaiḥ sukhī bhavet
21. Vigilance (apramāda) relates to eight faults; one should completely avoid those faults. O Bhārata, whoever is liberated from these - namely the five senses, the mind, the past, and the future - that person indeed becomes happy.
दोषैरेतैर्विमुक्तं तु गुणैरेतैः समन्वितम् ।
एतत्समृद्धमप्यृद्धं तपो भवति केवलम् ।
यन्मां पृच्छसि राजेन्द्र किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥२२॥
22. doṣairetairvimuktaṁ tu guṇairetaiḥ samanvitam ,
etatsamṛddhamapyṛddhaṁ tapo bhavati kevalam ,
yanmāṁ pṛcchasi rājendra kiṁ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi.
22. doṣaiḥ etaiḥ vimuktam tu guṇaiḥ etaiḥ
samanvitam | etat samṛddham api ṛddham
tapaḥ bhavati kevalam | yat mām pṛcchasi
rājendra kim bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi
22. This penance (tapas) which is free from these faults and endowed with these qualities, though prosperous, is truly complete (tapas). O king (rājendra), what more do you wish to hear from me?
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
आख्यानपञ्चमैर्वेदैर्भूयिष्ठं कथ्यते जनः ।
तथैवान्ये चतुर्वेदास्त्रिवेदाश्च तथापरे ॥२३॥
23. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ākhyānapañcamairvedairbhūyiṣṭhaṁ kathyate janaḥ ,
tathaivānye caturvedāstrivedāśca tathāpare.
23. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | ākhyāna
pañcamaiḥ vedaiḥ bhūyiṣṭham kathyate
janaḥ | tathā eva anye
caturvedāḥ trivedāḥ ca tathā apare
23. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: Most people are described by the Vedas, with narratives (ākhyāna) considered the fifth (category). Similarly, others are 'four-Veda' scholars, and still others are 'three-Veda' scholars.
द्विवेदाश्चैकवेदाश्च अनृचश्च तथापरे ।
तेषां तु कतमः स स्याद्यमहं वेद ब्राह्मणम् ॥२४॥
24. dvivedāścaikavedāśca anṛcaśca tathāpare ,
teṣāṁ tu katamaḥ sa syādyamahaṁ veda brāhmaṇam.
24. dvivedāḥ ca ekavedāḥ ca anṛcaḥ ca tathā apare |
teṣām tu katamaḥ sa syāt yam aham veda brāhmaṇam
24. There are also 'two-Veda' scholars and 'one-Veda' scholars, and similarly, others are 'Anṛc' (those without R̥g Veda knowledge). Among these, who among them would be the one whom I consider a true Brahmin?
सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
एकस्य वेदस्याज्ञानाद्वेदास्ते बहवोऽभवन् ।
सत्यस्यैकस्य राजेन्द्र सत्ये कश्चिदवस्थितः ।
एवं वेदमनुत्साद्य प्रज्ञां महति कुर्वते ॥२५॥
25. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
ekasya vedasyājñānādvedāste bahavo'bhavan ,
satyasyaikasya rājendra satye kaścidavasthitaḥ ,
evaṁ vedamanutsādya prajñāṁ mahati kurvate.
25. sanatsujāta uvāca | ekasya vedasya ajñānāt
vedāḥ te bahavaḥ abhavan | satyasya ekasya
rājendra satye kaścid avasthitaḥ | evam
vedam anutsādya prajñām mahati kurvate
25. Sanatsujāta said: Due to ignorance of the one (true) Veda, those (other) Vedas became many. O king (rājendra), only one is established in the truth (satya) of the singular (satya). Thus, without destroying the (true) Veda (knowledge), they acquire great understanding (prajñā).
दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो लोभादेतत्प्रवर्तते ।
सत्यात्प्रच्यवमानानां संकल्पो वितथो भवेत् ॥२६॥
26. dānamadhyayanaṁ yajño lobhādetatpravartate ,
satyātpracyavamānānāṁ saṁkalpo vitatho bhavet.
26. dānam adhyayanam yajñaḥ lobhāt etat pravartate
satyāt pracyavamānānām saṃkalpaḥ vitathaḥ bhavet
26. Acts of charity (dāna), study, and Vedic ritual (yajña) may arise from greed. For those who stray from truth, their firm intention (saṃkalpa) becomes fruitless.
ततो यज्ञः प्रतायेत सत्यस्यैवावधारणात् ।
मनसान्यस्य भवति वाचान्यस्योत कर्मणा ।
संकल्पसिद्धः पुरुषः संकल्पानधितिष्ठति ॥२७॥
27. tato yajñaḥ pratāyeta satyasyaivāvadhāraṇāt ,
manasānyasya bhavati vācānyasyota karmaṇā ,
saṁkalpasiddhaḥ puruṣaḥ saṁkalpānadhitiṣṭhati.
27. tataḥ yajñaḥ pratāyeta satyasya eva
avadhāraṇāt manasā anyasya bhavati
vācā anyasya uta karmaṇā saṃkalpasiddhaḥ
puruṣaḥ saṃkalpān adhitiṣṭhati
27. A Vedic ritual (yajña) should then be performed only by a firm grasp of truth. What is conceived by the mind, what is spoken by speech, and what is done by action may differ from person to person. A person (puruṣa) whose firm intention (saṃkalpa) is accomplished effectively masters all intentions.
अनैभृत्येन वै तस्य दीक्षितव्रतमाचरेत् ।
नामैतद्धातुनिर्वृत्तं सत्यमेव सतां परम् ।
ज्ञानं वै नाम प्रत्यक्षं परोक्षं जायते तपः ॥२८॥
28. anaibhṛtyena vai tasya dīkṣitavratamācaret ,
nāmaitaddhātunirvṛttaṁ satyameva satāṁ param ,
jñānaṁ vai nāma pratyakṣaṁ parokṣaṁ jāyate tapaḥ.
28. anaibhṛtyena vai tasya dīkṣitavratam
ācaret nāma etat dhātunirvṛttam
satyam eva satām param jñānam vai nāma
pratyakṣam parokṣam jāyate tapaḥ
28. One should diligently observe the vow of an initiated person. This word (i.e., satya, truth) is indeed derived from a root and is supreme among the virtuous. Knowledge (jñāna) is verily direct perception; spiritual austerity (tapas) arises from indirect (parokṣa) experience.
विद्याद्बहु पठन्तं तु बहुपाठीति ब्राह्मणम् ।
तस्मात्क्षत्रिय मा मंस्था जल्पितेनैव ब्राह्मणम् ।
य एव सत्यान्नापैति स ज्ञेयो ब्राह्मणस्त्वया ॥२९॥
29. vidyādbahu paṭhantaṁ tu bahupāṭhīti brāhmaṇam ,
tasmātkṣatriya mā maṁsthā jalpitenaiva brāhmaṇam ,
ya eva satyānnāpaiti sa jñeyo brāhmaṇastvayā.
29. vidyāt bahu paṭhantam tu bahupāṭhī iti
brāhmaṇam tasmāt kṣatriya mā maṃsthāḥ
jalpitena eva brāhmaṇam yaḥ eva satyāt
na apaiti saḥ jñeyaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ tvayā
29. One should consider someone who studies extensively as merely a "great reciter," not as a true Brahmin. Therefore, O Kṣatriya, do not consider a person a Brahmin based solely on their words. Rather, you should know that individual to be a Brahmin who never deviates from truth (satya).
छन्दांसि नाम क्षत्रिय तान्यथर्वा जगौ पुरस्तादृषिसर्ग एषः ।
छन्दोविदस्ते य उ तानधीत्य न वेद्यवेदस्य विदुर्न वेद्यम् ॥३०॥
30. chandāṁsi nāma kṣatriya tānyatharvā; jagau purastādṛṣisarga eṣaḥ ,
chandovidaste ya u tānadhītya; na vedyavedasya vidurna vedyam.
30. chandāṃsi nāma kṣatriya tāni
atharvā jagau purastāt ṛṣisarga eṣaḥ
chandovidaḥ te ye u tān adhītya
na vedyavedasya viduḥ na vedyam
30. O Kṣatriya, indeed, Atharvan proclaimed these Vedic hymns long ago; this is an emanation from the sages. Those who, having studied these hymns, merely understand their meter do not truly grasp the Veda that is to be known, nor do they comprehend the ultimate knowable.
न वेदानां वेदिता कश्चिदस्ति कश्चिद्वेदान्बुध्यते वापि राजन् ।
यो वेद वेदान्न स वेद वेद्यं सत्ये स्थितो यस्तु स वेद वेद्यम् ॥३१॥
31. na vedānāṁ veditā kaścidasti; kaścidvedānbudhyate vāpi rājan ,
yo veda vedānna sa veda vedyaṁ; satye sthito yastu sa veda vedyam.
31. na vedānāṃ veditā kaścit asti kaścit
vedān budhyate vā api rājan
yaḥ veda vedān na sa veda vedyam
satye sthitaḥ yaḥ tu sa veda vedyam
31. O King, there is truly no one who is a (mere) knower of the Vedas, nor does anyone truly understand the Vedas by superficial means. One who merely knows the Vedic texts does not grasp the ultimate knowable. But he who is established in truth (satya) is the one who truly knows the ultimate knowable.
अभिजानामि ब्राह्मणमाख्यातारं विचक्षणम् ।
यश्छिन्नविचिकित्सः सन्नाचष्टे सर्वसंशयान् ॥३२॥
32. abhijānāmi brāhmaṇamākhyātāraṁ vicakṣaṇam ,
yaśchinnavicikitsaḥ sannācaṣṭe sarvasaṁśayān.
32. abhijānāmi brāhmaṇam ākhyātāram vicakṣaṇam
yaḥ chinnavicikitsaḥ san ācaṣṭe sarvasaṃśayān
32. I know a wise and discerning Brahmin, an expounder, who, being free from all doubt, clearly explains every skepticism.
तस्य पर्येषणं गच्छेत्प्राचीनं नोत दक्षिणम् ।
नार्वाचीनं कुतस्तिर्यङ्नादिशं तु कथंचन ॥३३॥
33. tasya paryeṣaṇaṁ gacchetprācīnaṁ nota dakṣiṇam ,
nārvācīnaṁ kutastiryaṅnādiśaṁ tu kathaṁcana.
33. tasya paryeṣaṇam gacchet prācīnam na uta dakṣiṇam
na arvācīnam kutaḥ tiryaṅ na ādiśam tu kathaṃcana
33. One should undertake a search for him, but not by going eastward, nor southward, nor westward, nor in any transverse direction, nor indeed by any means in any (specific) quarter.
तूष्णींभूत उपासीत न चेष्टेन्मनसा अपि ।
अभ्यावर्तेत ब्रह्मास्य अन्तरात्मनि वै श्रितम् ॥३४॥
34. tūṣṇīṁbhūta upāsīta na ceṣṭenmanasā api ,
abhyāvarteta brahmāsya antarātmani vai śritam.
34. tūṣṇīmbhūtaḥ upāsīta na ceṣṭet manasā api
abhyāvarteta brahma asya antarātmani vai śritam
34. One should remain silent and not even stir the mind. Indeed, the Brahman (brahman) of this person, residing within the inner self (ātman), turns inwards.
मौनाद्धि स मुनिर्भवति नारण्यवसनान्मुनिः ।
अक्षरं तत्तु यो वेद स मुनिः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ॥३५॥
35. maunāddhi sa munirbhavati nāraṇyavasanānmuniḥ ,
akṣaraṁ tattu yo veda sa muniḥ śreṣṭha ucyate.
35. maunāt hi saḥ muniḥ bhavati na araṇyavasanāt muniḥ
akṣaram tat tu yaḥ veda saḥ muniḥ śreṣṭhaḥ ucyate
35. Indeed, one becomes a sage (muni) through silence, not merely by dwelling in the forest. But whoever knows that imperishable (akṣaram) reality (brahman), that sage (muni) is declared to be the best.
सर्वार्थानां व्याकरणाद्वैयाकरण उच्यते ।
प्रत्यक्षदर्शी लोकानां सर्वदर्शी भवेन्नरः ॥३६॥
36. sarvārthānāṁ vyākaraṇādvaiyākaraṇa ucyate ,
pratyakṣadarśī lokānāṁ sarvadarśī bhavennaraḥ.
36. sarvārthānām vyākaraṇāt vaiyākaraṇaḥ ucyate
pratyakṣadarśī lokānām sarvadarśī bhavet naraḥ
36. One is called a grammarian (vaiyākaraṇa) because of their analysis (vyākaraṇa) of all meanings. A person who is a direct seer (pratyakṣadarśī) of the worlds becomes one who sees everything (sarvadarśī).
सत्ये वै ब्राह्मणस्तिष्ठन्ब्रह्म पश्यति क्षत्रिय ।
वेदानां चानुपूर्व्येण एतद्विद्वन्ब्रवीमि ते ॥३७॥
37. satye vai brāhmaṇastiṣṭhanbrahma paśyati kṣatriya ,
vedānāṁ cānupūrvyeṇa etadvidvanbravīmi te.
37. satye vai brāhmaṇaḥ tiṣṭhan brahma paśyati kṣatriya
vedānām ca ānupūrvyena etat vidvan bravīmi te
37. Indeed, O Kṣatriya, a Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) who stands firm in truth perceives Brahman (brahman). And, O wise one, I tell you this according to the prescribed order of the Vedas.