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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-90

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भीष्म उवाच ।
वनस्पतीन्भक्ष्यफलान्न छिन्द्युर्विषये तव ।
ब्राह्मणानां मूलफलं धर्म्यमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
vanaspatīnbhakṣyaphalānna chindyurviṣaye tava ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ mūlaphalaṁ dharmyamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.
1. bhīṣma uvāca vanaspatīn bhakṣyaphalān na chindyuh viṣaye
tava brāhmaṇānām mūlaphalām dharmyam āhuh manīṣiṇaḥ
1. bhīṣma uvāca tava viṣaye bhakṣyaphalān vanaspatīn na
chindyuh manīṣiṇaḥ brāhmaṇānām mūlaphalām dharmyam āhuḥ
1. Bhishma said: "One should not cut down trees bearing edible fruits in your dominion. The wise declare that roots and fruits are permissible in accordance with natural law (dharma) for Brahmins."
ब्राह्मणेभ्योऽतिरिक्तं च भुञ्जीरन्नितरे जनाः ।
न ब्राह्मणोपरोधेन हरेदन्यः कथंचन ॥२॥
2. brāhmaṇebhyo'tiriktaṁ ca bhuñjīrannitare janāḥ ,
na brāhmaṇoparodhena haredanyaḥ kathaṁcana.
2. brāhmaṇebhyaḥ atiriktam ca bhuñjīran itare janāḥ
| na brāhmaṇoparodhena haret anyaḥ kathaṃcana
2. itare janāḥ ca brāhmaṇebhyaḥ atiriktam bhuñjīran
anyaḥ na brāhmaṇoparodhena kathaṃcana haret
2. "And other people should eat what remains in excess after the Brahmins have taken their share. No one else should ever seize anything by hindering a Brahmin."
विप्रश्चेत्त्यागमातिष्ठेदाख्यायावृत्तिकर्शितः ।
परिकल्प्यास्य वृत्तिः स्यात्सदारस्य नराधिप ॥३॥
3. vipraścettyāgamātiṣṭhedākhyāyāvṛttikarśitaḥ ,
parikalpyāsya vṛttiḥ syātsadārasya narādhipa.
3. vipraḥ cet tyāgam ātiṣṭhet ākhyāya avṛttikarśitaḥ
| parikalpya asya vṛttiḥ syāt sadārasya narādhipa
3. narādhipa,
cet avṛttikarśitaḥ vipraḥ tyāgam ākhyāya ātiṣṭhet asya sadārasya vṛttiḥ parikalpya syāt
3. "O king, if a Brahmin, afflicted by a lack of livelihood, declares his abandonment (of duties), then his subsistence, along with that of his wife, should be provided."
स चेन्नोपनिवर्तेत वाच्यो ब्राह्मणसंसदि ।
कस्मिन्निदानीं मर्यादामयं लोकः करिष्यति ॥४॥
4. sa cennopanivarteta vācyo brāhmaṇasaṁsadi ,
kasminnidānīṁ maryādāmayaṁ lokaḥ kariṣyati.
4. sa cet na upanivarteta vācyaḥ brāhmaṇasaṃsadi
| kasmin idānīm maryādām ayam lokaḥ kariṣyati
4. cet sa na upanivarteta,
brāhmaṇasaṃsadi vācyaḥ (syāt) idānīm ayam lokaḥ kasmin maryādām kariṣyati?
4. "If he (the Brahmin) does not desist, he should be reprimanded in an assembly of Brahmins. Otherwise, in whom will this world then place its limits (maryādā)?"
असंशयं निवर्तेत न चेद्वक्ष्यत्यतः परम् ।
पूर्वं परोक्षं कर्तव्यमेतत्कौन्तेय शासनम् ॥५॥
5. asaṁśayaṁ nivarteta na cedvakṣyatyataḥ param ,
pūrvaṁ parokṣaṁ kartavyametatkaunteya śāsanam.
5. asaṃśayam nivarteta na cet vakṣyati ataḥ param
pūrvaṃ parokṣam kartavyam etat kaunteya śāsanam
5. kaunteya etat śāsanam pūrvaṃ parokṣam kartavyam
na cet ataḥ param vakṣyati asaṃśayam nivarteta
5. If (the matter) is not explained further than this, it will undoubtedly be abandoned. O son of Kunti, this is the instruction: the previously indirect (or subtle) thing must be performed.
आहुरेतज्जना ब्रह्मन्न चैतच्छ्रद्दधाम्यहम् ।
निमन्त्र्यश्च भवेद्भोगैरवृत्त्या चेत्तदाचरेत् ॥६॥
6. āhuretajjanā brahmanna caitacchraddadhāmyaham ,
nimantryaśca bhavedbhogairavṛttyā cettadācaret.
6. āhuḥ etat janāḥ brahman na ca etat śraddadhāmi aham
nimantryaḥ ca bhavet bhogaiḥ avṛttyā cet tadā ācaret
6. brahman janāḥ etat āhuḥ aham ca etat na śraddadhāmi
cet avṛttyā ācaret tadā bhogaiḥ ca nimantryaḥ bhavet
6. People say this, O Brahmin, but I do not believe it. If one acts due to a lack of livelihood, then one should (be allowed to) do so, and one should be invited with sustenance.
कृषिगोरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं लोकानामिह जीवनम् ।
ऊर्ध्वं चैव त्रयी विद्या सा भूतान्भावयत्युत ॥७॥
7. kṛṣigorakṣyavāṇijyaṁ lokānāmiha jīvanam ,
ūrdhvaṁ caiva trayī vidyā sā bhūtānbhāvayatyuta.
7. kṛṣi gorakṣya vāṇijyam lokānām iha jīvanam
ūrdhvam ca eva trayī vidyā sā bhūtān bhāvayati uta
7. iha lokānām kṛṣi gorakṣya vāṇijyam jīvanam ca
eva ūrdhvam trayī vidyā sā uta bhūtān bhāvayati
7. Agriculture, protection of cows (gorakṣya), and commerce are the means of livelihood for people in this world. And indeed, the higher threefold knowledge (Vedic knowledge), that (knowledge) also sustains all beings.
तस्यां प्रयतमानायां ये स्युस्तत्परिपन्थिनः ।
दस्यवस्तद्वधायेह ब्रह्मा क्षत्रमथासृजत् ॥८॥
8. tasyāṁ prayatamānāyāṁ ye syustatparipanthinaḥ ,
dasyavastadvadhāyeha brahmā kṣatramathāsṛjat.
8. tasyām prayatamānāyām ye syuḥ tatparipanthinaḥ
dasyavaḥ tadvadhāya iha brahmā kṣatram atha asṛjat
8. tasyām prayatamānāyām ye tatparipanthinaḥ dasyavaḥ
syuḥ tadvadhāya iha atha brahmā kṣatram asṛjat
8. When that (Vedic) knowledge is being practiced, for the destruction of those who would be its adversaries (tatparipanthinaḥ) and robbers (dasyavaḥ) here, Brahmā then created the warrior class (kṣatram).
शत्रूञ्जहि प्रजा रक्ष यजस्व क्रतुभिर्नृप ।
युध्यस्व समरे वीरो भूत्वा कौरवनन्दन ॥९॥
9. śatrūñjahi prajā rakṣa yajasva kratubhirnṛpa ,
yudhyasva samare vīro bhūtvā kauravanandana.
9. śatrūn jahi prajā rakṣa yajasva kratubhiḥ nṛpa
yudhyasva samare vīraḥ bhūtvā kurunandana
9. nṛpa kurunandana śatrūn jahi prajā rakṣa
kratubhiḥ yajasva vīraḥ bhūtvā samare yudhyasva
9. O King, vanquish your enemies, protect your subjects, and perform sacrifices. O son of Kuru, become a hero and fight in battle.
संरक्ष्यान्पालयेद्राजा यः स राजार्यकृत्तमः ।
ये केचित्तान्न रक्षन्ति तैरर्थो नास्ति कश्चन ॥१०॥
10. saṁrakṣyānpālayedrājā yaḥ sa rājāryakṛttamaḥ ,
ye kecittānna rakṣanti tairartho nāsti kaścana.
10. saṃrakṣyān pālayet rājā yaḥ saḥ rājā aryakṛttamaḥ ye
kecit tān na rakṣanti taiḥ arthaḥ na asti kaścana
10. yaḥ rājā saṃrakṣyān pālayet saḥ aryakṛttamaḥ rājā (bhavati).
ye kecit tān na rakṣanti taiḥ kaścana arthaḥ na asti.
10. That king who protects those who ought to be protected is the noblest of kings. For those who do not protect them, there is absolutely no meaning or purpose.
सदैव राज्ञा बोद्धव्यं सर्वलोकाद्युधिष्ठिर ।
तस्माद्धेतोर्हि भुञ्जीत मनुष्यानेव मानवः ॥११॥
11. sadaiva rājñā boddhavyaṁ sarvalokādyudhiṣṭhira ,
tasmāddhetorhi bhuñjīta manuṣyāneva mānavaḥ.
11. sadā eva rājñā boddhavyaṃ sarvalokāt yudhiṣṭhira
tasmāt hetoḥ hi bhuñjīta manuṣyān eva mānavaḥ
11. yudhiṣṭhira sadā eva rājñā sarvalokāt boddhavyaṃ (asti).
tasmāt hetoḥ hi mānavaḥ manuṣyān eva bhuñjīta.
11. O Yudhiṣṭhira, the king should always understand this from all the world. For that very reason, a human should indeed rule over other humans.
अन्तरेभ्यः परान्रक्षन्परेभ्यः पुनरन्तरान् ।
परान्परेभ्यः स्वान्स्वेभ्यः सर्वान्पालय नित्यदा ॥१२॥
12. antarebhyaḥ parānrakṣanparebhyaḥ punarantarān ,
parānparebhyaḥ svānsvebhyaḥ sarvānpālaya nityadā.
12. antarebhyaḥ parān rakṣan parebhyaḥ punaḥ antarān
parān parebhyaḥ svān svebhyaḥ sarvān pālay nityadā
12. (tvam) antarebhyaḥ parān rakṣan (evaṃ) parebhyaḥ punaḥ antarān (rakṣa).
(tathā) svebhyaḥ svān (rakṣa) parebhyaḥ parān (rakṣa).
nityadā sarvān pālay.
12. Protecting outsiders from internal dangers, and then, internal residents from outsiders. Protect your own people from internal threats, and foreigners from other foreign elements. Always protect all.
आत्मानं सर्वतो रक्षन्राजा रक्षेत मेदिनीम् ।
आत्ममूलमिदं सर्वमाहुर्हि विदुषो जनाः ॥१३॥
13. ātmānaṁ sarvato rakṣanrājā rakṣeta medinīm ,
ātmamūlamidaṁ sarvamāhurhi viduṣo janāḥ.
13. ātmānam sarvataḥ rakṣan rājā rakṣeta medinīm
| ātma-mūlam idam sarvam āhuḥ hi viduṣaḥ janāḥ
13. rājā sarvataḥ ātmānam rakṣan medinīm rakṣeta
hi viduṣaḥ janāḥ idam sarvam ātma-mūlam āhuḥ
13. A king, by protecting his own person (ātman) in every respect, should protect his land. Indeed, knowledgeable people say that all this (kingdom and its prosperity) is rooted in the king's own self (ātman).
किं छिद्रं कोऽनुषङ्गो मे किं वास्त्यविनिपातितम् ।
कुतो मामास्रवेद्दोष इति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत् ॥१४॥
14. kiṁ chidraṁ ko'nuṣaṅgo me kiṁ vāstyavinipātitam ,
kuto māmāsraveddoṣa iti nityaṁ vicintayet.
14. kim chidram kaḥ anuṣaṅgaḥ me kim vā asti avinipātitam
| kutaḥ mām āsravet doṣaḥ iti nityam vicintayet
14. me kim chidram? kaḥ anuṣaṅgaḥ? vā kim avinipātitam
asti? kutaḥ doṣaḥ mām āsravet? iti nityam vicintayet
14. “What is my vulnerability? Who is connected to me (in a problematic way)? What (task or enemy) remains undefeated? From where might a defect manifest in me?” One should constantly reflect in this manner.
गुप्तैश्चारैरनुमतैः पृथिवीमनुचारयेत् ।
सुनीतं यदि मे वृत्तं प्रशंसन्ति न वा पुनः ।
कच्चिद्रोचेज्जनपदे कच्चिद्राष्ट्रे च मे यशः ॥१५॥
15. guptaiścārairanumataiḥ pṛthivīmanucārayet ,
sunītaṁ yadi me vṛttaṁ praśaṁsanti na vā punaḥ ,
kaccidrocejjanapade kaccidrāṣṭre ca me yaśaḥ.
15. guptaiḥ cāraiḥ anumataiḥ pṛthivīm
anucārayet | sunītam yadi me vṛttam
praśaṃsanti na vā punaḥ | kaccit
rocet janapade kaccit rāṣṭre ca me yaśaḥ
15. saḥ guptaiḥ anumataiḥ cāraiḥ pṛthivīm anucārayet yadi me sunītam vṛttam praśaṃsanti,
na vā punaḥ? kaccit me yaśaḥ janapade rāṣṭre ca rocet?
15. He should employ secret and authorized spies to thoroughly survey the land. (Through them, he should ascertain): “Is my well-administered conduct praised, or is it not? Does my reputation find favor among the populace in the district and the kingdom?”
धर्मज्ञानां धृतिमतां संग्रामेष्वपलायिनाम् ।
राष्ट्रं च येऽनुजीवन्ति ये च राज्ञोऽनुजीविनः ॥१६॥
16. dharmajñānāṁ dhṛtimatāṁ saṁgrāmeṣvapalāyinām ,
rāṣṭraṁ ca ye'nujīvanti ye ca rājño'nujīvinaḥ.
16. dharma-jñānām dhṛtimatām saṅgrāmeṣu apalāyinām |
rāṣṭram ca ye anujīvanti ye ca rājñaḥ anujīvinaḥ
16. dharma-jñānām dhṛtimatām saṅgrāmeṣu apalāyinām ca ye rāṣṭram anujīvanti,
ca ye rājñaḥ anujīvinaḥ
16. Of those who understand natural law (dharma), who are resolute, and who do not flee from battles; and those who thrive in the kingdom (by living there), as well as those who are direct dependents of the king.
अमात्यानां च सर्वेषां मध्यस्थानां च सर्वशः ।
ये च त्वाभिप्रशंसेयुर्निन्देयुरथ वा पुनः ।
सर्वान्सुपरिणीतांस्तान्कारयेत युधिष्ठिर ॥१७॥
17. amātyānāṁ ca sarveṣāṁ madhyasthānāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ ,
ye ca tvābhipraśaṁseyurnindeyuratha vā punaḥ ,
sarvānsupariṇītāṁstānkārayeta yudhiṣṭhira.
17. amātyānām ca sarveṣām madhyasthānām
ca sarvaśaḥ | ye ca tvā abhipraśaṃseyuḥ
nindeyuḥ atha vā punaḥ | sarvān
supariṇītān tān kārayeta yudhiṣṭhira
17. yudhiṣṭhira sarveṣām amātyānām ca
sarvaśaḥ madhyasthānām ca ye ca tvā
abhipraśaṃseyuḥ atha vā punaḥ nindeyuḥ
tān sarvān supariṇītān kārayeta
17. O Yudhishthira, you should ensure that all ministers and all neutral individuals - both those who might praise you and those who might criticize you - are thoroughly tested and well-suited (for their roles), and then employ them.
एकान्तेन हि सर्वेषां न शक्यं तात रोचितुम् ।
मित्रामित्रमथो मध्यं सर्वभूतेषु भारत ॥१८॥
18. ekāntena hi sarveṣāṁ na śakyaṁ tāta rocitum ,
mitrāmitramatho madhyaṁ sarvabhūteṣu bhārata.
18. ekāntena hi sarveṣām na śakyam tāta rocitum |
mitrāmitram atho madhyam sarvabhūteṣu bhārata
18. tāta bhārata hi ekāntena sarveṣām rocitum na
śakyam atho sarvabhūteṣu mitrāmitram madhyam
18. O dear one (tāta), O descendant of Bharata (bhārata), it is indeed impossible to please everyone exclusively. Nor, among all beings, can there be simply friends, enemies, or neutral parties.
तुल्यबाहुबलानां च गुणैरपि निषेविनाम् ।
कथं स्यादधिकः कश्चित्स तु भुञ्जीत मानवान् ॥१९॥
19. tulyabāhubalānāṁ ca guṇairapi niṣevinām ,
kathaṁ syādadhikaḥ kaścitsa tu bhuñjīta mānavān.
19. tulya bāhubalānām ca guṇaiḥ api niṣevinām | katham
syāt adhikaḥ kaścit saḥ tu bhuñjīta mānavān
19. tulya bāhubalānām ca guṇaiḥ api niṣevinām katham
kaścit adhikaḥ syāt saḥ tu mānavān bhuñjīta
19. How can anyone be superior among those who possess equal physical strength and who serve with virtues? Yet, such a one (a ruler) must govern human beings.
ये चरा ह्यचरानद्युरदंष्ट्रान्दंष्ट्रिणस्तथा ।
आशीविषा इव क्रुद्धा भुजगा भुजगानिव ॥२०॥
20. ye carā hyacarānadyuradaṁṣṭrāndaṁṣṭriṇastathā ,
āśīviṣā iva kruddhā bhujagā bhujagāniva.
20. ye carāḥ hi acarān adyuḥ adaṃṣṭrān daṃṣṭriṇaḥ
tathā | āśīviṣāḥ iva kruddhāḥ bhujagāḥ bhujagān iva
20. hi ye carāḥ acarān adyuḥ tathā daṃṣṭriṇaḥ adaṃṣṭrān
kruddhāḥ āśīviṣāḥ bhujagāḥ iva bhujagān iva
20. Indeed, mobile beings consume immobile ones, and fanged creatures (devour) the fangless. Just as enraged venomous serpents (āśīviṣa) consume other serpents.
एतेभ्यश्चाप्रमत्तः स्यात्सदा यत्तो युधिष्ठिर ।
भारुण्डसदृशा ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥२१॥
21. etebhyaścāpramattaḥ syātsadā yatto yudhiṣṭhira ,
bhāruṇḍasadṛśā hyete nipatanti pramādyataḥ.
21. etebhyaḥ ca apramattaḥ syāt sadā yattaḥ yudhiṣṭhira
bhāruṇḍasadṛśāḥ hi ete nipatanti pramādyataḥ
21. yudhiṣṭhira etebhyaḥ ca sadā apramattaḥ yattaḥ
syāt hi ete bhāruṇḍasadṛśāḥ pramādyataḥ nipatanti
21. O Yudhishthira, one should always be diligent and vigilant regarding these matters. For indeed, these (dangers or enemies), like Bharuṇḍa birds, attack those who are careless.
कच्चित्ते वणिजो राष्ट्रे नोद्विजन्ते करार्दिताः ।
क्रीणन्तो बहु वाल्पेन कान्तारकृतनिश्रमाः ॥२२॥
22. kaccitte vaṇijo rāṣṭre nodvijante karārditāḥ ,
krīṇanto bahu vālpena kāntārakṛtaniśramāḥ.
22. kaccit te vaṇijaḥ rāṣṭre na udvijante karārditāḥ
krīṇantaḥ bahu vā alpena kāntārakṛtaniśramāḥ
22. kaccit te rāṣṭre vaṇijaḥ kāntārakṛtaniśramāḥ
karārditāḥ na udvijante vā bahu alpena krīṇantaḥ
22. I hope that your merchants within the kingdom, who exert themselves traveling through wildernesses, are not oppressed by taxes, and that they are able to purchase goods in abundance at low prices.
कच्चित्कृषिकरा राष्ट्रं न जहत्यतिपीडिताः ।
ये वहन्ति धुरं राज्ञां संभरन्तीतरानपि ॥२३॥
23. kaccitkṛṣikarā rāṣṭraṁ na jahatyatipīḍitāḥ ,
ye vahanti dhuraṁ rājñāṁ saṁbharantītarānapi.
23. kaccit kṛṣikarāḥ rāṣṭram na jahati atipīḍitāḥ
ye vahanti dhuram rājñām saṃbharanti itarān api
23. kaccit kṛṣikarāḥ ye rājñām dhuram vahanti itarān
api saṃbharanti atipīḍitāḥ rāṣṭram na jahati
23. I hope that the farmers, who bear the burden of the kings and also support other people, are not abandoning the country because they are excessively oppressed.
इतो दत्तेन जीवन्ति देवाः पितृगणास्तथा ।
मनुष्योरगरक्षांसि वयांसि पशवस्तथा ॥२४॥
24. ito dattena jīvanti devāḥ pitṛgaṇāstathā ,
manuṣyoragarakṣāṁsi vayāṁsi paśavastathā.
24. itaḥ dattena jīvanti devāḥ pitṛgaṇāḥ tathā
manuṣyauragarakṣāṃsi vayāṃsi paśavaḥ tathā
24. itaḥ dattena devāḥ pitṛgaṇāḥ tathā
manuṣyauragarakṣāṃsi vayāṃsi paśavaḥ tathā jīvanti
24. From the offerings given here (on earth), the gods and the hosts of ancestors subsist. In the same way, humans, serpents, rākṣasas (demons), birds, and animals also derive their sustenance.
एषा ते राष्ट्रवृत्तिश्च राष्ट्रगुप्तिश्च भारत ।
एतमेवार्थमाश्रित्य भूयो वक्ष्यामि पाण्डव ॥२५॥
25. eṣā te rāṣṭravṛttiśca rāṣṭraguptiśca bhārata ,
etamevārthamāśritya bhūyo vakṣyāmi pāṇḍava.
25. eṣā te rāṣṭravṛttiḥ ca rāṣṭraguptiḥ ca bhārata
etam eva artham āśritya bhūyaḥ vakṣyāmi pāṇḍava
25. bhārata pāṇḍava te eṣā rāṣṭravṛttiḥ ca rāṣṭraguptiḥ
ca etam eva artham āśritya bhūyaḥ vakṣyāmi
25. O Bhārata, this is your duty regarding the kingdom and its protection. Relying on this very subject, I will speak to you further, O Pāṇḍava.