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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-6

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ सर्वशास्त्रविशारद ।
दैवे पुरुषकारे च किं स्विच्छ्रेष्ठतरं भवेत् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pitāmaha mahāprājña sarvaśāstraviśārada ,
daive puruṣakāre ca kiṁ svicchreṣṭhataraṁ bhavet.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha mahāprājña sarvaśāstraviśārada
daive puruṣakāre ca kim svit śreṣṭhataram bhavet
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha mahāprājña sarvaśāstraviśārada
daive puruṣakāre ca kim svit śreṣṭhataram bhavet
1. Yudhishthira said: 'O Grandfather, greatly wise and an expert in all scriptures, which, pray tell, is superior: divine influence or human effort?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
वसिष्ठस्य च संवादं ब्रह्मणश्च युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
vasiṣṭhasya ca saṁvādaṁ brahmaṇaśca yudhiṣṭhira.
2. bhīṣma uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
vasiṣṭhasya ca saṃvādam brahmaṇaḥ ca yudhiṣṭhira
2. bhīṣma uvāca yudhiṣṭhira atra api imam purātanam
itihāsam vasiṣṭhasya ca brahmaṇaḥ ca saṃvādam udāharanti
2. Bhishma said: 'O Yudhishthira, in this matter, they cite this ancient account – the dialogue between Vasishtha and Brahma.'
दैवमानुषयोः किं स्वित्कर्मणोः श्रेष्ठमित्युत ।
पुरा वसिष्ठो भगवान्पितामहमपृच्छत ॥३॥
3. daivamānuṣayoḥ kiṁ svitkarmaṇoḥ śreṣṭhamityuta ,
purā vasiṣṭho bhagavānpitāmahamapṛcchata.
3. daivamānuṣayoḥ kim svit karmaṇoḥ śreṣṭham iti
uta purā vasiṣṭhaḥ bhagavān pitāmaham apṛcchat
3. purā bhagavān vasiṣṭhaḥ pitāmaham daivamānuṣayoḥ
karmaṇoḥ kim svit śreṣṭham iti uta apṛcchat
3. Formerly, the revered Vasiṣṭha asked the grandfather (Brahmā), 'Which is superior among divine actions (karma) and human actions (karma)?'
ततः पद्मोद्भवो राजन्देवदेवः पितामहः ।
उवाच मधुरं वाक्यमर्थवद्धेतुभूषितम् ॥४॥
4. tataḥ padmodbhavo rājandevadevaḥ pitāmahaḥ ,
uvāca madhuraṁ vākyamarthavaddhetubhūṣitam.
4. tataḥ padmodbhavaḥ rājan devadevaḥ pitāmahaḥ
uvāca madhuram vākyam arthavat hetubhūṣitam
4. rājan tataḥ devadevaḥ padmodbhavaḥ pitāmahaḥ
arthavat hetubhūṣitam madhuram vākyam uvāca
4. Then, O king, the grandfather (Brahmā), the god of gods, the one born from a lotus (padmodbhava), spoke sweet and meaningful words, adorned with sound reasoning.
नाबीजं जायते किंचिन्न बीजेन विना फलम् ।
बीजाद्बीजं प्रभवति बीजादेव फलं स्मृतम् ॥५॥
5. nābījaṁ jāyate kiṁcinna bījena vinā phalam ,
bījādbījaṁ prabhavati bījādeva phalaṁ smṛtam.
5. na abījam jāyate kiñcit na bījena vinā phalam
bījāt bījam prabhavati bījāt eva phalam smṛtam
5. kiñcit abījam na jāyate bījena vinā phalam na
bījāt bījam prabhavati bījāt eva phalam smṛtam
5. Nothing is born without a seed, nor is there fruit without a seed. From a seed, another seed arises; and from a seed alone, fruit (phala) is said to originate.
यादृशं वपते बीजं क्षेत्रमासाद्य कर्षकः ।
सुकृते दुष्कृते वापि तादृशं लभते फलम् ॥६॥
6. yādṛśaṁ vapate bījaṁ kṣetramāsādya karṣakaḥ ,
sukṛte duṣkṛte vāpi tādṛśaṁ labhate phalam.
6. yādṛśam vapate bījam kṣetram āsādya karṣakaḥ
sukṛte duṣkṛte vā api tādṛśam labhate phalam
6. karṣakaḥ kṣetram āsādya yādṛśam bījam vapate
sukṛte duṣkṛte vā api tādṛśam phalam labhate
6. Just as a farmer, having prepared the field, sows a certain kind of seed, so too does one obtain a corresponding fruit (phala), whether it arises from virtuous actions (karma) or harmful actions (karma).
यथा बीजं विना क्षेत्रमुप्तं भवति निष्फलम् ।
तथा पुरुषकारेण विना दैवं न सिध्यति ॥७॥
7. yathā bījaṁ vinā kṣetramuptaṁ bhavati niṣphalam ,
tathā puruṣakāreṇa vinā daivaṁ na sidhyati.
7. yathā bījam vinā kṣetram uptam bhavati niṣphalam
tathā puruṣakāreṇa vinā daivam na sidhyati
7. yathā bījam vinā uptam kṣetram niṣphalam bhavati
tathā puruṣakāreṇa vinā daivam na sidhyati
7. Just as a field, when sown without seed, becomes fruitless, similarly, fate (daiva) does not succeed without human effort (puruṣakāra).
क्षेत्रं पुरुषकारस्तु दैवं बीजमुदाहृतम् ।
क्षेत्रबीजसमायोगात्ततः सस्यं समृध्यते ॥८॥
8. kṣetraṁ puruṣakārastu daivaṁ bījamudāhṛtam ,
kṣetrabījasamāyogāttataḥ sasyaṁ samṛdhyate.
8. kṣetram puruṣakāraḥ tu daivam bījam udāhṛtam
kṣetrabījasamāyogāt tataḥ sasyam samṛdhyate
8. kṣetram puruṣakāraḥ tu daivam bījam udāhṛtam
kṣetrabījasamāyogāt tataḥ sasyam samṛdhyate
8. The field is indeed human effort (puruṣakāra), and destiny (daiva) is declared to be the seed. From the combination of the field and the seed, the crop then flourishes.
कर्मणः फलनिर्वृत्तिं स्वयमश्नाति कारकः ।
प्रत्यक्षं दृश्यते लोके कृतस्याप्यकृतस्य च ॥९॥
9. karmaṇaḥ phalanirvṛttiṁ svayamaśnāti kārakaḥ ,
pratyakṣaṁ dṛśyate loke kṛtasyāpyakṛtasya ca.
9. karmaṇaḥ phalanirvṛttim svayam aśnāti kārakaḥ
pratyakṣam dṛśyate loke kṛtasya api akṛtasya ca
9. kārakaḥ karmaṇaḥ phalanirvṛttim svayam aśnāti
loke kṛtasya akṛtasya ca api pratyakṣam dṛśyate
9. The doer himself experiences the outcome of his action (karma). This is directly observed in the world, regarding both what has been done and what has not been done.
शुभेन कर्मणा सौख्यं दुःखं पापेन कर्मणा ।
कृतं सर्वत्र लभते नाकृतं भुज्यते क्वचित् ॥१०॥
10. śubhena karmaṇā saukhyaṁ duḥkhaṁ pāpena karmaṇā ,
kṛtaṁ sarvatra labhate nākṛtaṁ bhujyate kvacit.
10. śubhena karmaṇā saukhyam duḥkham pāpena karmaṇā
kṛtam sarvatra labhate na akṛtam bhujyate kvacit
10. śubhena karmaṇā saukhyam pāpena karmaṇā duḥkham
kṛtam sarvatra labhate akṛtam kvacit na bhujyate
10. Happiness results from auspicious action (karma), and unhappiness from sinful action (karma). What has been done is received everywhere; what has not been done is never experienced anywhere.
कृती सर्वत्र लभते प्रतिष्ठां भाग्यविक्षतः ।
अकृती लभते भ्रष्टः क्षते क्षारावसेचनम् ॥११॥
11. kṛtī sarvatra labhate pratiṣṭhāṁ bhāgyavikṣataḥ ,
akṛtī labhate bhraṣṭaḥ kṣate kṣārāvasecanam.
11. kṛtī sarvatra labhate pratiṣṭhām bhāgyavikṣataḥ
akṛtī labhate bhraṣṭaḥ kṣate kṣārāvasecanam
11. kṛtī bhāgyavikṣataḥ sarvatra pratiṣṭhām labhate
akṛtī bhraṣṭaḥ kṣate kṣārāvasecanam labhate
11. An accomplished person gains respect everywhere, even when his fortune is wounded. An incompetent and ruined person, however, receives the sprinkling of alkali upon his wound.
तपसा रूपसौभाग्यं रत्नानि विविधानि च ।
प्राप्यते कर्मणा सर्वं न दैवादकृतात्मना ॥१२॥
12. tapasā rūpasaubhāgyaṁ ratnāni vividhāni ca ,
prāpyate karmaṇā sarvaṁ na daivādakṛtātmanā.
12. tapasā rūpasaubhāgyam ratnāni vividhāni ca
prāpyate karmaṇā sarvam na daivāt akṛtātmanā
12. rūpasaubhāgyam vividhāni ratnāni ca sarvam
tapasā karmaṇā prāpyate akṛtātmanā daivāt na
12. Beauty and good fortune, along with various treasures, are all obtained through spiritual discipline (tapas) and action (karma), and not by fate (daiva) for one who has not prepared his inner being (ātman).
तथा स्वर्गश्च भोगश्च निष्ठा या च मनीषिता ।
सर्वं पुरुषकारेण कृतेनेहोपपद्यते ॥१३॥
13. tathā svargaśca bhogaśca niṣṭhā yā ca manīṣitā ,
sarvaṁ puruṣakāreṇa kṛtenehopapadyate.
13. tathā svargaḥ ca bhogaḥ ca niṣṭhā yā ca manīṣitā
sarvam puruṣakāreṇa kṛtena iha upapadyate
13. tathā svargaḥ ca bhogaḥ ca yā ca manīṣitā niṣṭhā
sarvam iha kṛtena puruṣakāreṇa upapadyate
13. Similarly, heaven, enjoyment, and whatever desired goal (niṣṭhā) are all achieved here through diligent human effort (puruṣakāra).
ज्योतींषि त्रिदशा नागा यक्षाश्चन्द्रार्कमारुताः ।
सर्वे पुरुषकारेण मानुष्याद्देवतां गताः ॥१४॥
14. jyotīṁṣi tridaśā nāgā yakṣāścandrārkamārutāḥ ,
sarve puruṣakāreṇa mānuṣyāddevatāṁ gatāḥ.
14. jyotīṃṣi tridaśāḥ nāgāḥ yakṣāḥ ca candrārkamārutāḥ
sarve puruṣakāreṇa mānuṣyāt devatām gatāḥ
14. jyotīṃṣi tridaśāḥ nāgāḥ yakṣāḥ ca candrārkamārutāḥ
sarve puruṣakāreṇa mānuṣyāt devatām gatāḥ
14. The luminaries, the gods (tridaśa), the Nāgas, the Yakṣas, and the deities of the Moon, Sun, and Wind – all of them attained godhood from their human state solely through human effort (puruṣakāra).
अर्थो वा मित्रवर्गो वा ऐश्वर्यं वा कुलान्वितम् ।
श्रीश्चापि दुर्लभा भोक्तुं तथैवाकृतकर्मभिः ॥१५॥
15. artho vā mitravargo vā aiśvaryaṁ vā kulānvitam ,
śrīścāpi durlabhā bhoktuṁ tathaivākṛtakarmabhiḥ.
15. arthaḥ vā mitravargaḥ vā aiśvaryam vā kulānvitam śrīḥ
ca api durlabhā bhoktum tathā eva akṛtakarmabhiḥ
15. arthaḥ vā mitravargaḥ vā aiśvaryam kulānvitam vā ca
api śrīḥ akṛtakarmabhiḥ bhoktum durlabhā tathā eva
15. Wealth, or a circle of friends, or sovereignty, or a distinguished lineage - and even prosperity (śrī) itself - all these are difficult for those who have not performed (meritorious) actions (karma) to enjoy.
शौचेन लभते विप्रः क्षत्रियो विक्रमेण च ।
वैश्यः पुरुषकारेण शूद्रः शुश्रूषया श्रियम् ॥१६॥
16. śaucena labhate vipraḥ kṣatriyo vikrameṇa ca ,
vaiśyaḥ puruṣakāreṇa śūdraḥ śuśrūṣayā śriyam.
16. śaucena labhate vipraḥ kṣatriyaḥ vikrameṇa ca
vaiśyaḥ puruṣakāreṇa śūdraḥ śuśrūṣayā śriyam
16. vipraḥ śaucena śriyam labhate ca kṣatriyaḥ
vikrameṇa vaiśyaḥ puruṣakāreṇa śūdraḥ śuśrūṣayā
16. A Brahmin (vipra) attains prosperity (śrī) through purity, and a Kshatriya (kṣatriya) through valor. A Vaishya (vaiśya) attains it through personal effort, and a Shudra (śūdra) through service.
नादातारं भजन्त्यर्था न क्लीबं नापि निष्क्रियम् ।
नाकर्मशीलं नाशूरं तथा नैवातपस्विनम् ॥१७॥
17. nādātāraṁ bhajantyarthā na klībaṁ nāpi niṣkriyam ,
nākarmaśīlaṁ nāśūraṁ tathā naivātapasvinam.
17. na adātāram bhajanti arthāḥ na klībam na api niṣkriyam
na akarmaśīlam na aśūram tathā na eva atapasvinam
17. arthāḥ adātāram na bhajanti klībam na api niṣkriyam
na akarmaśīlam na aśūram tathā eva atapasvinam na
17. Wealth does not resort to the non-giver, nor to the weak, nor to the inactive. Similarly, it does not approach the idle, the non-heroic, or indeed the one who does not practice spiritual austerity (tapas).
येन लोकास्त्रयः सृष्टा दैत्याः सर्वाश्च देवताः ।
स एष भगवान्विष्णुः समुद्रे तप्यते तपः ॥१८॥
18. yena lokāstrayaḥ sṛṣṭā daityāḥ sarvāśca devatāḥ ,
sa eṣa bhagavānviṣṇuḥ samudre tapyate tapaḥ.
18. yena lokāḥ trayaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ daityāḥ sarvāḥ ca devatāḥ
sa eṣaḥ bhagavān viṣṇuḥ samudre tapyate tapaḥ
18. yena trayaḥ lokāḥ sarvāḥ daityāḥ ca devatāḥ sṛṣṭāḥ
saḥ eṣaḥ bhagavān viṣṇuḥ samudre tapaḥ tapyate
18. He by whom the three worlds were created, as well as all the Asuras and deities - that very glorious Lord (bhagavat), Vishnu, is performing spiritual austerity (tapas) in the ocean.
स्वं चेत्कर्मफलं न स्यात्सर्वमेवाफलं भवेत् ।
लोको दैवं समालम्ब्य उदासीनो भवेन्न तु ॥१९॥
19. svaṁ cetkarmaphalaṁ na syātsarvamevāphalaṁ bhavet ,
loko daivaṁ samālambya udāsīno bhavenna tu.
19. svam cet karma phalam na syāt sarvam eva aphalam
bhavet lokaḥ daivam samālambya udāsīnaḥ bhavet na tu
19. If there were no fruit of one's own actions (karma), then everything would be without result. One should not become indifferent by merely relying on destiny (daiva).
अकृत्वा मानुषं कर्म यो दैवमनुवर्तते ।
वृथा श्राम्यति संप्राप्य पतिं क्लीबमिवाङ्गना ॥२०॥
20. akṛtvā mānuṣaṁ karma yo daivamanuvartate ,
vṛthā śrāmyati saṁprāpya patiṁ klībamivāṅganā.
20. akṛtvā mānuṣam karma yaḥ daivam anuvartate
vṛthā śrāmyati samprāpya patim klībam iva aṅganā
20. The one who, without performing human effort (karma), merely follows destiny (daiva), labors in vain, just like a woman who has obtained an impotent husband.
न तथा मानुषे लोके भयमस्ति शुभाशुभे ।
यथा त्रिदशलोके हि भयमल्पेन जायते ॥२१॥
21. na tathā mānuṣe loke bhayamasti śubhāśubhe ,
yathā tridaśaloke hi bhayamalpena jāyate.
21. na tathā mānuṣe loke bhayam asti śubhāśubhe
yathā tridaśaloke hi bhayam alpena jāyate
21. In the human world, there is not such fear regarding good or bad outcomes as there is in the world of the gods, where fear arises even from a trifle.
कृतः पुरुषकारस्तु दैवमेवानुवर्तते ।
न दैवमकृते किंचित्कस्यचिद्दातुमर्हति ॥२२॥
22. kṛtaḥ puruṣakārastu daivamevānuvartate ,
na daivamakṛte kiṁcitkasyaciddātumarhati.
22. kṛtaḥ puruṣakāraḥ tu daivam eva anuvartate
na daivam akṛte kiñcit kasyacit dātum arhati
22. When human effort (puruṣakāra) is performed, destiny (daiva) indeed follows. For destiny is not able to give anything to anyone if effort is not made.
यदा स्थानान्यनित्यानि दृश्यन्ते दैवतेष्वपि ।
कथं कर्म विना दैवं स्थास्यते स्थापयिष्यति ॥२३॥
23. yadā sthānānyanityāni dṛśyante daivateṣvapi ,
kathaṁ karma vinā daivaṁ sthāsyate sthāpayiṣyati.
23. yadā sthānāni anityāni dṛśyante daivateṣu api
katham karma vinā daivam sthāsyate sthāpayiṣyati
23. yadā daivateṣu api sthānāni anityāni dṛśyante,
katham daivam vinā karma sthāsyate sthāpayiṣyati
23. When even the states of deities are observed to be impermanent, how can human action (karma) possibly endure or establish anything without divine influence (daivam)?
न दैवतानि लोकेऽस्मिन्व्यापारं यान्ति कस्यचित् ।
व्यासङ्गं जनयन्त्युग्रमात्माभिभवशङ्कया ॥२४॥
24. na daivatāni loke'sminvyāpāraṁ yānti kasyacit ,
vyāsaṅgaṁ janayantyugramātmābhibhavaśaṅkayā.
24. na daivatāni loke asmin vyāpāram yānti kasyacit
vyāsaṅgam janayanti ugram ātma abhibhava śaṅkayā
24. asmin loke daivatāni kasyacit vyāpāram na yānti
ātmābhibhavaśaṅkayā ugram vyāsaṅgam janayanti
24. In this world, deities do not undertake activities for just anyone. Rather, they create intense difficulties, fearing their own subjugation.
ऋषीणां देवतानां च सदा भवति विग्रहः ।
कस्य वाचा ह्यदैवं स्याद्यतो दैवं प्रवर्तते ॥२५॥
25. ṛṣīṇāṁ devatānāṁ ca sadā bhavati vigrahaḥ ,
kasya vācā hyadaivaṁ syādyato daivaṁ pravartate.
25. ṛṣīṇām devatānām ca sadā bhavati vigrahaḥ kasya
vācā hi adaivam syāt yataḥ daivam pravartate
25. ṛṣīṇām ca devatānām sadā vigrahaḥ bhavati hi
kasya vācā adaivam syāt yataḥ daivam pravartate
25. Conflict (vigraha) always exists between sages and deities. By whose word, then, could anything truly be considered non-divine (adaivam), since it is from that source that the divine (daivam) proceeds?
कथं चास्य समुत्पत्तिर्यथा दैवं प्रवर्तते ।
एवं त्रिदशलोकेऽपि प्राप्यन्ते बहवश्छलाः ॥२६॥
26. kathaṁ cāsya samutpattiryathā daivaṁ pravartate ,
evaṁ tridaśaloke'pi prāpyante bahavaśchalāḥ.
26. katham ca asya samutpattiḥ yathā daivam pravartate
evam tridaśaloke api prāpyante bahavaḥ chalāḥ
26. ca asya samutpattiḥ katham yathā daivam pravartate
evam tridaśaloke api bahavaḥ chalāḥ prāpyante
26. And what is the origin of this (divine influence), and how does the divine (daivam) function? Indeed, many deceptions are encountered even in the world of the thirty gods.
आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मनः ।
आत्मैव चात्मनः साक्षी कृतस्याप्यकृतस्य च ॥२७॥
27. ātmaiva hyātmano bandhurātmaiva ripurātmanaḥ ,
ātmaiva cātmanaḥ sākṣī kṛtasyāpyakṛtasya ca.
27. ātmā eva hi ātmanaḥ bandhuḥ ātmā eva ripuḥ ātmanaḥ
ātmā eva ca ātmanaḥ sākṣī kṛtasya api akṛtasya ca
27. hi ātmā eva ātmanaḥ bandhuḥ ātmā eva ātmanaḥ ripuḥ
ca ātmā eva ātmanaḥ sākṣī kṛtasya api akṛtasya ca
27. Indeed, one's own self (ātman) is a friend to oneself, and one's own self (ātman) is an enemy to oneself. Moreover, one's own self (ātman) is a witness to what has been done and what has not been done.
कृतं च विकृतं किंचित्कृते कर्मणि सिध्यति ।
सुकृते दुष्कृतं कर्म न यथार्थं प्रपद्यते ॥२८॥
28. kṛtaṁ ca vikṛtaṁ kiṁcitkṛte karmaṇi sidhyati ,
sukṛte duṣkṛtaṁ karma na yathārthaṁ prapadyate.
28. kṛtam ca vikṛtam kiñcit kṛte karmaṇi sidhyati
sukṛte duṣkṛtam karma na yathārtham prapadyate
28. kṛtam ca kiñcit vikṛtam kṛte karmaṇi sidhyati
sukṛte duṣkṛtam karma yathārtham na prapadyate
28. Whatever is performed, whether properly done or even somewhat imperfectly performed, it leads to accomplishment through the undertaking of an action (karma). When a meritorious action (karma) is performed, an unmeritorious action (karma) does not truly manifest its full effect.
देवानां शरणं पुण्यं सर्वं पुण्यैरवाप्यते ।
पुण्यशीलं नरं प्राप्य किं दैवं प्रकरिष्यति ॥२९॥
29. devānāṁ śaraṇaṁ puṇyaṁ sarvaṁ puṇyairavāpyate ,
puṇyaśīlaṁ naraṁ prāpya kiṁ daivaṁ prakariṣyati.
29. devānām śaraṇam puṇyam sarvam puṇyaiḥ avāpyate
puṇyaśīlam naram prāpya kim daivam prakariṣyati
29. devānām puṇyam śaraṇam sarvam puṇyaiḥ avāpyate
puṇyaśīlam naram prāpya daivam kim prakariṣyati
29. The sacred abode of the gods, and indeed all good things, are attained through meritorious deeds. What can destiny (daiva) do when it encounters a person of virtuous character?
पुरा ययातिर्विभ्रष्टश्च्यावितः पतितः क्षितौ ।
पुनरारोपितः स्वर्गं दौहित्रैः पुण्यकर्मभिः ॥३०॥
30. purā yayātirvibhraṣṭaścyāvitaḥ patitaḥ kṣitau ,
punarāropitaḥ svargaṁ dauhitraiḥ puṇyakarmabhiḥ.
30. purā yayātiḥ vibhraṣṭaḥ ca cyāvitaḥ patitaḥ kṣitau
punar āropitaḥ svargam dauhitraiḥ puṇyakarmabhiḥ
30. purā yayātiḥ vibhraṣṭaḥ ca cyāvitaḥ patitaḥ kṣitau
punar dauhitraiḥ puṇyakarmabhiḥ svargam āropitaḥ
30. Formerly, King Yayāti, having been deprived of his status and cast down to earth, was again raised to heaven by his grandsons, who were performers of meritorious deeds (puṇyakarma).
पुरूरवाश्च राजर्षिर्द्विजैरभिहितः पुरा ।
ऐल इत्यभिविख्यातः स्वर्गं प्राप्तो महीपतिः ॥३१॥
31. purūravāśca rājarṣirdvijairabhihitaḥ purā ,
aila ityabhivikhyātaḥ svargaṁ prāpto mahīpatiḥ.
31. purūravāḥ ca rājarṣiḥ dvijaiḥ abhihitaḥ purā
ailaḥ iti abhivikhyātaḥ svargam prāptaḥ mahīpatiḥ
31. purā dvijaiḥ abhihitaḥ ailaḥ iti abhivikhyātaḥ
rājarṣiḥ mahīpatiḥ purūravāḥ ca svargam prāptaḥ
31. King Pururavas, the royal sage, who was spoken of by the twice-born (dvija) in ancient times and famously known as Aila, that ruler attained heaven.
अश्वमेधादिभिर्यज्ञैः सत्कृतः कोसलाधिपः ।
महर्षिशापात्सौदासः पुरुषादत्वमागतः ॥३२॥
32. aśvamedhādibhiryajñaiḥ satkṛtaḥ kosalādhipaḥ ,
maharṣiśāpātsaudāsaḥ puruṣādatvamāgataḥ.
32. aśvamedhādibhiḥ yajñaiḥ satkṛtaḥ kosalādhipaḥ
maharṣiśāpāt saudāsaḥ puruṣādatvam āgataḥ
32. aśvamedhādibhiḥ yajñaiḥ satkṛtaḥ kosalādhipaḥ
saudāsaḥ maharṣiśāpāt puruṣādatvam āgataḥ
32. Honored with Vedic rituals (yajña) like the aśvamedha, the king of Kosala, Saudāsa, became a man-eater due to the curse of a great sage.
अश्वत्थामा च रामश्च मुनिपुत्रौ धनुर्धरौ ।
न गच्छतः स्वर्गलोकं सुकृतेनेह कर्मणा ॥३३॥
33. aśvatthāmā ca rāmaśca muniputrau dhanurdharau ,
na gacchataḥ svargalokaṁ sukṛteneha karmaṇā.
33. aśvatthāmā ca rāmaḥ ca muniputrau dhanurdharau
na gacchataḥ svargalokam sukṛtena iha karmaṇā
33. aśvatthāmā ca rāmaḥ ca muniputrau dhanurdharau
iha sukṛtena karmaṇā svargalokam na gacchataḥ
33. Aśvatthāman and Rāma, both sons of sages and wielders of bows, do not go to the celestial world even by their good actions (karma) in this life.
वसुर्यज्ञशतैरिष्ट्वा द्वितीय इव वासवः ।
मिथ्याभिधानेनैकेन रसातलतलं गतः ॥३४॥
34. vasuryajñaśatairiṣṭvā dvitīya iva vāsavaḥ ,
mithyābhidhānenaikena rasātalatalaṁ gataḥ.
34. vasuḥ yajñaśataiḥ iṣṭvā dvitīyaḥ iva vāsavaḥ
mithyābhidhānena ekena rasātalatalam gataḥ
34. vasuḥ yajñaśataiḥ iṣṭvā dvitīyaḥ iva vāsavaḥ
ekena mithyābhidhānena rasātalatalam gataḥ
34. Vasu, having performed hundreds of Vedic rituals (yajña), like a second Indra, descended to the lowest abyss due to a single false statement.
बलिर्वैरोचनिर्बद्धो धर्मपाशेन दैवतैः ।
विष्णोः पुरुषकारेण पातालशयनः कृतः ॥३५॥
35. balirvairocanirbaddho dharmapāśena daivataiḥ ,
viṣṇoḥ puruṣakāreṇa pātālaśayanaḥ kṛtaḥ.
35. baliḥ vairocaniḥ baddhaḥ dharmapāśena daivataiḥ
viṣṇoḥ puruṣakāreṇa pātālaśayanaḥ kṛtaḥ
35. vairocaniḥ baliḥ daivataiḥ dharmapāśena
baddhaḥ viṣṇoḥ puruṣakāreṇa pātālaśayanaḥ kṛtaḥ
35. Bali, the son of Virocana, was bound by the gods with the noose of natural law (dharma). Through the powerful agency of Viṣṇu, he was made to reside in the netherworld.
शक्रस्योदस्य चरणं प्रस्थितो जनमेजयः ।
द्विजस्त्रीणां वधं कृत्वा किं दैवेन न वारितः ॥३६॥
36. śakrasyodasya caraṇaṁ prasthito janamejayaḥ ,
dvijastrīṇāṁ vadhaṁ kṛtvā kiṁ daivena na vāritaḥ.
36. śakrasya udasya caraṇam prasthitaḥ janamejayaḥ
dvijastrīṇām vadham kṛtvā kim daivena na vāritaḥ
36. janamejayaḥ śakrasya caraṇam udasya dvijastrīṇām
vadham kṛtvā prasthitaḥ daivena kim na vāritaḥ
36. King Janamejaya, having set forth, after defiantly lifting Indra's foot and committing the slaughter of brahmin women - why was he not prevented by divine power (daiva)?
अज्ञानाद्ब्राह्मणं हत्वा स्पृष्टो बालवधेन च ।
वैशंपायनविप्रर्षिः किं दैवेन निवारितः ॥३७॥
37. ajñānādbrāhmaṇaṁ hatvā spṛṣṭo bālavadhena ca ,
vaiśaṁpāyanaviprarṣiḥ kiṁ daivena nivāritaḥ.
37. ajñānāt brāhmaṇam hatvā spṛṣṭaḥ bālavadhena ca
vaiśaṃpāyanaviprarṣiḥ kim daivena nivāritaḥ
37. vaiśaṃpāyanaviprarṣiḥ ajñānāt brāhmaṇam hatvā
bālavadhena ca spṛṣṭaḥ daivena kim nivāritaḥ
37. The brahmin sage Vaiśampāyana, having unknowingly killed a brahmin and also afflicted by the sin of child-murder - why was he prevented by divine power (daiva)?
गोप्रदानेन मिथ्या च ब्राह्मणेभ्यो महामखे ।
पुरा नृगश्च राजर्षिः कृकलासत्वमागतः ॥३८॥
38. gopradānena mithyā ca brāhmaṇebhyo mahāmakhe ,
purā nṛgaśca rājarṣiḥ kṛkalāsatvamāgataḥ.
38. gopradānena mithyā ca brāhmaṇebhyaḥ mahāmakhe
purā nṛgaḥ ca rājarṣiḥ kṛkalāsatvam āgataḥ
38. purā rājarṣiḥ nṛgaḥ mahāmakhe brāhmaṇebhyaḥ
mithyā gopradānena ca kṛkalāsatvam āgataḥ
38. In ancient times, the king-sage Nṛga, due to having wrongly given cows to brahmins during a great Vedic ritual (yajña), attained the state of a chameleon.
धुन्धुमारश्च राजर्षिः सत्रेष्वेव जरां गतः ।
प्रीतिदायं परित्यज्य सुष्वाप स गिरिव्रजे ॥३९॥
39. dhundhumāraśca rājarṣiḥ satreṣveva jarāṁ gataḥ ,
prītidāyaṁ parityajya suṣvāpa sa girivraje.
39. Dhundhumāraḥ ca rājarṣiḥ satreṣu eva jarām gataḥ
prītidāyam parityajya suṣvāpa saḥ girivraje
39. rājarṣiḥ Dhundhumāraḥ ca satreṣu eva jarām gataḥ,
(saḥ) prītidāyam parityajya girivraje suṣvāpa.
39. King-sage Dhundhumāra, who reached old age solely through performing Vedic rituals (yajñas), abandoned his legacy and then slept in Girivraja.
पाण्डवानां हृतं राज्यं धार्तराष्ट्रैर्महाबलैः ।
पुनः प्रत्याहृतं चैव न दैवाद्भुजसंश्रयात् ॥४०॥
40. pāṇḍavānāṁ hṛtaṁ rājyaṁ dhārtarāṣṭrairmahābalaiḥ ,
punaḥ pratyāhṛtaṁ caiva na daivādbhujasaṁśrayāt.
40. Pāṇḍavānām hṛtam rājyam Dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ mahābalaiḥ
punaḥ pratyāhṛtam ca eva na daivāt bhujasaṃśrayāt
40. Dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ mahābalaiḥ Pāṇḍavānām rājyam hṛtam.
punaḥ ca eva (tat) pratyāhṛtam,
na daivāt (api tu) bhujasaṃśrayāt.
40. The kingdom of the Pāṇḍavas was seized by the mighty Dhārtarāṣṭras. Yet, it was recovered again, not by destiny (daiva), but indeed by the strength of their own arms.
तपोनियमसंयुक्ता मुनयः संशितव्रताः ।
किं ते दैवबलाच्छापमुत्सृजन्ते न कर्मणा ॥४१॥
41. taponiyamasaṁyuktā munayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ ,
kiṁ te daivabalācchāpamutsṛjante na karmaṇā.
41. taponiyamasaṃyuktāḥ munayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ
kim te daivabalāt śāpam utsṛjante na karmaṇā
41. taponiyamasaṃyuktāḥ saṃśitavratāḥ munayaḥ te daivabalāt śāpam utsṛjante,
na karmaṇā? kim?
41. Sages (munis) dedicated to asceticism and strict vows, why do they utter curses relying on the power of destiny (daiva), and not through their own disciplined actions (karma)?
पापमुत्सृजते लोके सर्वं प्राप्य सुदुर्लभम् ।
लोभमोहसमापन्नं न दैवं त्रायते नरम् ॥४२॥
42. pāpamutsṛjate loke sarvaṁ prāpya sudurlabham ,
lobhamohasamāpannaṁ na daivaṁ trāyate naram.
42. pāpam utsṛjate loke sarvam prāpya sudurlabham
lobhamohasamāpannam na daivam trāyate naram
42. loke (janaḥ) sudurlabham sarvam prāpya pāpam utsṛjate.
daivam lobhamohasamāpannam naram na trāyate.
42. In the world, a person, having acquired something extremely rare, may commit all sins. Fate (daiva) does not protect a person consumed by greed and delusion.
यथाग्निः पवनोद्धूतः सूक्ष्मोऽपि भवते महान् ।
तथा कर्मसमायुक्तं दैवं साधु विवर्धते ॥४३॥
43. yathāgniḥ pavanoddhūtaḥ sūkṣmo'pi bhavate mahān ,
tathā karmasamāyuktaṁ daivaṁ sādhu vivardhate.
43. yathā agniḥ pavana-uddhūtaḥ sūkṣmaḥ api bhavate
mahān tathā karma-samāyuktam daivam sādhu vivardhate
43. yathā pavana-uddhūtaḥ sūkṣmaḥ api agniḥ mahān bhavate
tathā karma-samāyuktam daivam sādhu vivardhate
43. Just as fire, fanned by the wind, even if small, becomes great, so too, destiny (daivam), combined with action (karma), truly flourishes.
यथा तैलक्षयाद्दीपः प्रम्लानिमुपगच्छति ।
तथा कर्मक्षयाद्दैवं प्रम्लानिमुपगच्छति ॥४४॥
44. yathā tailakṣayāddīpaḥ pramlānimupagacchati ,
tathā karmakṣayāddaivaṁ pramlānimupagacchati.
44. yathā tailakṣayāt dīpaḥ pramlānim upagacchati
tathā karmakṣayāt daivam pramlānim upagacchati
44. yathā tailakṣayāt dīpaḥ pramlānim upagacchati
tathā karmakṣayāt daivam pramlānim upagacchati
44. Just as a lamp fades away due to the exhaustion of oil, so too, destiny (daivam) diminishes due to the exhaustion of action (karma).
विपुलमपि धनौघं प्राप्य भोगान्स्त्रियो वा पुरुष इह न शक्तः कर्महीनोऽपि भोक्तुम् ।
सुनिहितमपि चार्थं दैवतै रक्ष्यमाणं व्ययगुणमपि साधुं कर्मणा संश्रयन्ते ॥४५॥
45. vipulamapi dhanaughaṁ prāpya bhogānstriyo vā; puruṣa iha na śaktaḥ karmahīno'pi bhoktum ,
sunihitamapi cārthaṁ daivatai rakṣyamāṇaṁ; vyayaguṇamapi sādhuṁ karmaṇā saṁśrayante.
45. vipulam api dhana-ogham prāpya bhogān striyaḥ
vā puruṣaḥ iha na śaktaḥ karma-hīnaḥ api
bhoktum sunihitam api ca artham daivataiḥ rakṣyamāṇam
vyaya-guṇam api sādhum karmaṇā saṃśrayante
45. karma-hīnaḥ puruṣaḥ iha vipulam api dhana-ogham
bhogān vā striyaḥ prāpya api bhoktum na śaktaḥ
ca daivataiḥ rakṣyamāṇam su-nihitam api artham
vyaya-guṇam api sādhum karmaṇā saṃśrayante
45. Even after acquiring abundant wealth, pleasures, or women, a person in this world, if devoid of supporting action (karma), is unable to enjoy them. Furthermore, even well-preserved wealth, though protected by deities, is acquired and utilized through one's (karma) by a person, even a virtuous one who is prone to spending.
भवति मनुजलोकाद्देवलोको विशिष्टो बहुतरसुसमृद्ध्या मानुषाणां गृहाणि ।
पितृवनभवनाभं दृश्यते चामराणां न च फलति विकर्मा जीवलोकेन दैवम् ॥४६॥
46. bhavati manujalokāddevaloko viśiṣṭo; bahutarasusamṛddhyā mānuṣāṇāṁ gṛhāṇi ,
pitṛvanabhavanābhaṁ dṛśyate cāmarāṇāṁ; na ca phalati vikarmā jīvalokena daivam.
46. bhavati manujalokāt devalokaḥ viśiṣṭaḥ
bahutarasusamṛddhyā mānuṣāṇām gṛhāṇi
pitṛvanabhavanābham dṛśyate ca amarāṇām
na ca phalati vikarmā jīvalokena daivam
46. devalokaḥ bahutarasusamṛddhyā manujalokāt
viśiṣṭaḥ bhavati ca amarāṇām mānuṣāṇām
gṛhāṇi pitṛvanabhavanābham dṛśyate
ca vikarmā jīvalokena daivam na phalati
46. The realm of the gods is superior to the human realm due to its far greater prosperity. Indeed, the houses of humans appear like dwellings in a cremation ground to the immortals. And destiny (daivam) does not bring success for a person who performs improper actions (vikarmā) in this mortal world.
व्यपनयति विमार्गं नास्ति दैवे प्रभुत्वं गुरुमिव कृतमग्र्यं कर्म संयाति दैवम् ।
अनुपहतमदीनं कामकारेण दैवं नयति पुरुषकारः संचितस्तत्र तत्र ॥४७॥
47. vyapanayati vimārgaṁ nāsti daive prabhutvaṁ; gurumiva kṛtamagryaṁ karma saṁyāti daivam ,
anupahatamadīnaṁ kāmakāreṇa daivaṁ; nayati puruṣakāraḥ saṁcitastatra tatra.
47. vyapanayati vimārgam na asti daive prabhutvam
gurum iva kṛtam agryam karma saṃyāti
daivam anupahatam adīnam kāmakāreṇa daivam
nayati puruṣakāraḥ saṃcitaḥ tatra tatra
47. daive prabhutvam na asti daivam vimārgam
vyapanayati daivam gurum iva kṛtam agryam karma
saṃyāti tatra tatra saṃcitaḥ puruṣakāraḥ
kāmakāreṇa anupahatam adīnam daivam nayati
47. Destiny (daiva) removes one from wrong paths, and there is no mastery over it. Destiny itself comes about as a result of excellent action (karma) performed as if for a preceptor (guru). Nevertheless, human effort (puruṣakāra), accumulated persistently, guides an unimpeded and undaunted destiny (daiva) according to its own will.
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं मया वै मुनिसत्तम ।
फलं पुरुषकारस्य सदा संदृश्य तत्त्वतः ॥४८॥
48. etatte sarvamākhyātaṁ mayā vai munisattama ,
phalaṁ puruṣakārasya sadā saṁdṛśya tattvataḥ.
48. etat te sarvam ākhyātam mayā vai munisattama
phalam puruṣakārasya sadā saṃdṛśya tattvataḥ
48. munisattama mayā te etat sarvam ākhyātam vai
puruṣakārasya phalam sadā tattvataḥ saṃdṛśya
48. O best of sages (muni), all this has been explained by me to you, regarding the fruit of human effort (puruṣakāra), which is always evident in its true nature.
अभ्युत्थानेन दैवस्य समारब्धेन कर्मणा ।
विधिना कर्मणा चैव स्वर्गमार्गमवाप्नुयात् ॥४९॥
49. abhyutthānena daivasya samārabdhena karmaṇā ,
vidhinā karmaṇā caiva svargamārgamavāpnuyāt.
49. abhyutthānena daivasya samārabdhena karmaṇā
vidhinā karmaṇā ca eva svargamārgam avāpnuyāt
49. daivasya abhyutthānena samārabdhena karmaṇā
ca eva vidhinā karmaṇā svargamārgam avāpnuyāt
49. One would attain the path to heaven through the favorable manifestation of destiny (daiva), through action (karma) undertaken with diligence, and indeed, through prescribed action.