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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-71

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
केन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञ वर्तमानो महीपतिः ।
सुखेनार्थान्सुखोदर्कानिह च प्रेत्य चाप्नुयात् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kena vṛttena vṛttajña vartamāno mahīpatiḥ ,
sukhenārthānsukhodarkāniha ca pretya cāpnuyāt.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kena vṛttena vṛttajña vartamānaḥ
mahīpatiḥ sukhena arthān sukhodarkān iha ca pretya ca āpnuyāt
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he vṛttajña mahīpatiḥ kena vṛttena
vartamānaḥ iha ca pretya ca sukhena sukhodarkān arthān āpnuyāt
1. Yudhishthira said: 'O knower of proper conduct, by what kind of behavior should a king act so that he may happily obtain objectives (artha) which have a pleasant outcome, both in this world and in the next?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
इयं गुणानां षट्त्रिंशत्षट्त्रिंशद्गुणसंयुता ।
यान्गुणांस्तु गुणोपेतः कुर्वन्गुणमवाप्नुयात् ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
iyaṁ guṇānāṁ ṣaṭtriṁśatṣaṭtriṁśadguṇasaṁyutā ,
yānguṇāṁstu guṇopetaḥ kurvanguṇamavāpnuyāt.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iyam guṇānām ṣaṭtriṃśat ṣaṭtriṃśadguṇasaṃyutā
yān guṇān tu guṇopetaḥ kurvan guṇam avāpnuyāt
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iyam guṇānām ṣaṭtriṃśat ṣaṭtriṃśadguṇasaṃyutā (asti).
guṇopetaḥ (puruṣaḥ) yān guṇān tu kurvan guṇam avāpnuyāt.
2. Bhishma said: 'This is the set of thirty-six qualities, which is itself endowed with thirty-six virtues. A person endowed with virtues, by practicing these very qualities, will indeed attain merit (guṇa).'
चरेद्धर्मानकटुको मुञ्चेत्स्नेहं न नास्तिकः ।
अनृशंसश्चरेदर्थं चरेत्काममनुद्धतः ॥३॥
3. careddharmānakaṭuko muñcetsnehaṁ na nāstikaḥ ,
anṛśaṁsaścaredarthaṁ caretkāmamanuddhataḥ.
3. caret dharmān akaṭukaḥ muñcet sneham na nāstikaḥ
anṛśaṃsaḥ caret artham caret kāmam anuddhataḥ
3. akaṭukaḥ (san) dharmān caret nāstikaḥ (na san) sneham muñcet
anṛśaṃsaḥ (san) artham caret anuddhataḥ (san) kāmam caret
3. One should practice natural law (dharma) without harshness. One should give up attachment, but not be faithless (nāstika). One should pursue prosperity (artha) without cruelty. One should pursue desires (kāma) without arrogance.
प्रियं ब्रूयादकृपणः शूरः स्यादविकत्थनः ।
दाता नापात्रवर्षी स्यात्प्रगल्भः स्यादनिष्ठुरः ॥४॥
4. priyaṁ brūyādakṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syādavikatthanaḥ ,
dātā nāpātravarṣī syātpragalbhaḥ syādaniṣṭhuraḥ.
4. priyam brūyāt akṛpaṇaḥ śūraḥ syāt avikatthanaḥ dātā
na apātravarsī syāt pragalbhaḥ syāt aniṣṭhuraḥ
4. akṛpaṇaḥ priyam brūyāt śūraḥ avikatthanaḥ syāt dātā
apātravarsī na syāt pragalbhaḥ aniṣṭhuraḥ syāt
4. One should speak pleasantly and be generous. One should be brave and not boastful. A giver should not bestow upon unworthy recipients. One should be resolute and not harsh.
संदधीत न चानार्यैर्विगृह्णीयान्न बन्धुभिः ।
नानाप्तैः कारयेच्चारं कुर्यात्कार्यमपीडया ॥५॥
5. saṁdadhīta na cānāryairvigṛhṇīyānna bandhubhiḥ ,
nānāptaiḥ kārayeccāraṁ kuryātkāryamapīḍayā.
5. saṃdadhīta na ca anāryaiḥ vigṛhṇīyāt na bandhubhiḥ
na anāptaiḥ kārayet cāram kuryāt kāryam apīḍayā
5. anāryaiḥ ca na saṃdadhīta bandhubhiḥ na vigṛhṇīyāt
anāptaiḥ cāram na kārayet kāryam apīḍayā kuryāt
5. One should not make peace with ignoble persons, nor quarrel with relatives. One should not employ untrustworthy individuals for espionage. One should accomplish tasks without causing hardship.
अर्थान्ब्रूयान्न चासत्सु गुणान्ब्रूयान्न चात्मनः ।
आदद्यान्न च साधुभ्यो नासत्पुरुषमाश्रयेत् ॥६॥
6. arthānbrūyānna cāsatsu guṇānbrūyānna cātmanaḥ ,
ādadyānna ca sādhubhyo nāsatpuruṣamāśrayet.
6. arthān brūyāt na ca asatsu guṇān brūyāt na ca ātmanaḥ
ādadhyāt na ca sādhubhyaḥ na asatpuruṣam āśrayet
6. asatsu ca arthān na brūyāt ātmanaḥ ca guṇān na brūyāt
sādhubhyaḥ ca na ādadhyāt asatpuruṣam na āśrayet
6. One should not reveal confidential matters (artha) to the wicked, nor speak of one's own virtues. One should not accept (gifts) from good people, nor seek refuge in a wicked person.
नापरीक्ष्य नयेद्दण्डं न च मन्त्रं प्रकाशयेत् ।
विसृजेन्न च लुब्धेभ्यो विश्वसेन्नापकारिषु ॥७॥
7. nāparīkṣya nayeddaṇḍaṁ na ca mantraṁ prakāśayet ,
visṛjenna ca lubdhebhyo viśvasennāpakāriṣu.
7. na aparīkṣya nayet daṇḍam na ca mantram prakāśayet
visṛjet na ca lubdhebhyo viśvaset na apakāriṣu
7. aparīkṣya daṇḍam na nayet mantram ca na prakāśayet
lubdhebhyo ca na visṛjet apakāriṣu na viśvaset
7. One should not inflict punishment without due examination, nor reveal confidential counsel (mantra). One should not bestow (favors) upon greedy individuals, nor trust those who cause harm.
अनीर्षुर्गुप्तदारः स्याच्चोक्षः स्यादघृणी नृपः ।
स्त्रियं सेवेत नात्यर्थं मृष्टं भुञ्जीत नाहितम् ॥८॥
8. anīrṣurguptadāraḥ syāccokṣaḥ syādaghṛṇī nṛpaḥ ,
striyaṁ seveta nātyarthaṁ mṛṣṭaṁ bhuñjīta nāhitam.
8. anīrṣuḥ guptadāraḥ syāt cokṣaḥ syāt aghṛṇī nṛpaḥ |
striyam seveta na atyartham mṛṣṭam bhuñjīta na ahitam
8. nṛpaḥ anīrṣuḥ guptadāraḥ cokṣaḥ aghṛṇī syāt striyam
na atyartham seveta mṛṣṭam bhuñjīta na ahitam
8. A king should be free from jealousy, protect his wives, be pure, and be free from hatred. He should not associate excessively with women, and he should eat delicious food but not that which is unwholesome.
अस्तब्धः पूजयेन्मान्यान्गुरून्सेवेदमायया ।
अर्चेद्देवान्न दम्भेन श्रियमिच्छेदकुत्सिताम् ॥९॥
9. astabdhaḥ pūjayenmānyāngurūnsevedamāyayā ,
arceddevānna dambhena śriyamicchedakutsitām.
9. astabdhaḥ pūjayet mānyān gurūn seveta amāyayā |
arcet devān na dambhena śriyam icchet akutṣitām
9. (saḥ) astabdhaḥ mānyān pūjayet gurūn amāyayā seveta
devān na dambhena arcet akutṣitām śriyam icchet
9. He should be humble and honor those who are worthy of respect. He should serve his preceptors (guru) with sincerity, not with deceit. He should worship the gods not with hypocrisy, and he should desire untarnished prosperity.
सेवेत प्रणयं हित्वा दक्षः स्यान्न त्वकालवित् ।
सान्त्वयेन्न च भोगार्थमनुगृह्णन्न चाक्षिपेत् ॥१०॥
10. seveta praṇayaṁ hitvā dakṣaḥ syānna tvakālavit ,
sāntvayenna ca bhogārthamanugṛhṇanna cākṣipet.
10. seveta praṇayam hitvā dakṣaḥ syāt na tu akālavit |
sāntvayet na ca bhogārtham anugṛhṇan na ca ākṣipet
10. (saḥ) praṇayam hitvā seveta dakṣaḥ
syāt tu na akālavit (syāt)
(saḥ) sāntvayet na ca bhogārtham
(sāntvayet) anugṛhṇan na ca ākṣipet
10. He should interact with others, abandoning excessive familiarity. He should be skillful, yet not oblivious to the appropriate time. He should conciliate, but not for personal pleasure, nor should he show undue favor, nor should he insult.
प्रहरेन्न त्वविज्ञाय हत्वा शत्रून्न शेषयेत् ।
क्रोधं कुर्यान्न चाकस्मान्मृदुः स्यान्नापकारिषु ॥११॥
11. praharenna tvavijñāya hatvā śatrūnna śeṣayet ,
krodhaṁ kuryānna cākasmānmṛduḥ syānnāpakāriṣu.
11. praharet na tu avijñāya hatvā śatrūn na śeṣayet |
krodham kuryāt na ca ākasmāt mṛduḥ syāt na apakāriṣu
11. (saḥ) na tu avijñāya praharet śatrūn hatvā na śeṣayet
krodham na ca ākasmāt kuryāt mṛduḥ na apakāriṣu syāt
11. He should not strike without proper understanding. Having defeated his enemies, he should not leave any surviving. He should not display anger suddenly or without cause, nor should he be lenient towards those who commit wrongdoings.
एवं चरस्व राज्यस्थो यदि श्रेय इहेच्छसि ।
अतोऽन्यथा नरपतिर्भयमृच्छत्यनुत्तमम् ॥१२॥
12. evaṁ carasva rājyastho yadi śreya ihecchasi ,
ato'nyathā narapatirbhayamṛcchatyanuttamam.
12. evam carasva rājyasthaḥ yadi śreyaḥ iha icchasi
ataḥ anyathā narapatiḥ bhayam ṛcchati anuttamam
12. rājyasthaḥ yadi iha śreyaḥ icchasi evam carasva
ataḥ anyathā narapatiḥ anuttamam bhayam ṛcchati
12. If you desire prosperity and the ultimate good in this world, then conduct yourself in this manner while governing the kingdom. Otherwise, a king will incur the greatest, unsurpassed fear.
इति सर्वान्गुणानेतान्यथोक्तान्योऽनुवर्तते ।
अनुभूयेह भद्राणि प्रेत्य स्वर्गे महीयते ॥१३॥
13. iti sarvānguṇānetānyathoktānyo'nuvartate ,
anubhūyeha bhadrāṇi pretya svarge mahīyate.
13. iti sarvān guṇān etān yathoktān yaḥ anuvartate
anubhūya iha bhadrāṇi pretya svarge mahīyate
13. yaḥ iti etān sarvān yathoktān guṇān anuvartate
iha bhadrāṇi anubhūya pretya svarge mahīyate
13. Whoever thus follows all these aforementioned virtues, enjoys blessings in this world, and after death, is honored in heaven.
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इदं वचः शांतनवस्य शुश्रुवान्युधिष्ठिरः पाण्डवमुख्यसंवृतः ।
तदा ववन्दे च पितामहं नृपो यथोक्तमेतच्च चकार बुद्धिमान् ॥१४॥
14. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
idaṁ vacaḥ śāṁtanavasya śuśruvā;nyudhiṣṭhiraḥ pāṇḍavamukhyasaṁvṛtaḥ ,
tadā vavande ca pitāmahaṁ nṛpo; yathoktametacca cakāra buddhimān.
14. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca idam vacaḥ śāṃtanavasya
śuśruvān yudhiṣṭhiraḥ pāṇḍavamukhyasaṃvṛtaḥ
tadā vavande ca pitāmaham
nṛpaḥ yathoktam etat ca cakāra buddhimān
14. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca pāṇḍavamukhyasaṃvṛtaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ śāṃtanavasya idam vacaḥ
śuśruvān tadā pitāmaham ca vavande ca
buddhimān nṛpaḥ etat yathoktam cakāra
14. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this counsel from the son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma), Yudhiṣṭhira, surrounded by the chief Pāṇḍavas, then saluted his grandfather (Bhīṣma). And that wise king acted exactly as instructed.