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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-155

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भीष्म उवाच ।
सर्वमेतत्तपोमूलं कवयः परिचक्षते ।
न ह्यतप्ततपा मूढः क्रियाफलमवाप्यते ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sarvametattapomūlaṁ kavayaḥ paricakṣate ,
na hyataptatapā mūḍhaḥ kriyāphalamavāpyate.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca sarvam etat tapomūlam kavayaḥ paricakṣate
na hi ataptatapāḥ mūḍhaḥ kriyāphalam avāpyate
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kavayaḥ etat sarvam tapomūlam paricakṣate.
hi ataptatapāḥ mūḍhaḥ kriyāphalam na avāpyate
1. Bhishma said: The wise (kavayaḥ) declare that all this (existence) has its root in asceticism (tapas). For indeed, a deluded person (mūḍhaḥ) who has not performed asceticism (tapas) does not attain the fruit of action (karma).
प्रजापतिरिदं सर्वं तपसैवासृजत्प्रभुः ।
तथैव वेदानृषयस्तपसा प्रतिपेदिरे ॥२॥
2. prajāpatiridaṁ sarvaṁ tapasaivāsṛjatprabhuḥ ,
tathaiva vedānṛṣayastapasā pratipedire.
2. prajāpatiḥ idam sarvam tapasā eva asṛjat prabhuḥ
tathā eva vedān ṛṣayaḥ tapasā pratipedire
2. prajāpatiḥ prabhuḥ idam sarvam tapasā eva asṛjat.
tathā eva ṛṣayaḥ tapasā vedān pratipedire
2. Prajāpati, the Lord (prabhuḥ), created all this universe by asceticism (tapas) alone. Likewise, the sages (ṛṣayaḥ) obtained the Vedas through asceticism (tapas).
तपसो ह्यानुपूर्व्येण फलमूलानिलाशनाः ।
त्रीँल्लोकांस्तपसा सिद्धाः पश्यन्ति सुसमाहिताः ॥३॥
3. tapaso hyānupūrvyeṇa phalamūlānilāśanāḥ ,
trīँllokāṁstapasā siddhāḥ paśyanti susamāhitāḥ.
3. tapasaḥ hi ānupūrvyena phalamūlanilāśanāḥ trīn
lokān tapasā siddhāḥ paśyanti susamāhitāḥ
3. Indeed, those who subsist on fruits, roots, and air, having become accomplished (siddha) through austerity (tapas) performed in due order, perceive the three worlds, being perfectly concentrated.
औषधान्यगदादीनि तिस्रो विद्याश्च संस्कृताः ।
तपसैव हि सिध्यन्ति तपोमूलं हि साधनम् ॥४॥
4. auṣadhānyagadādīni tisro vidyāśca saṁskṛtāḥ ,
tapasaiva hi sidhyanti tapomūlaṁ hi sādhanam.
4. auṣadhāni agadādīni tisraḥ vidyāḥ ca saṃskṛtāḥ
tapasā eva hi sidhyanti tapomūlam hi sādhanam
4. Healing medicines and the three purified sciences (vidyā) are indeed perfected by austerity (tapas) alone. For, austerity (tapas) is certainly the root of all means to accomplishment (sādhana).
यद्दुरापं दुराम्नायं दुराधर्षं दुरुत्सहम् ।
सर्वं तत्तपसा शक्यं तपो हि दुरतिक्रमम् ॥५॥
5. yaddurāpaṁ durāmnāyaṁ durādharṣaṁ durutsaham ,
sarvaṁ tattapasā śakyaṁ tapo hi duratikramam.
5. yat durāpam durāmnāyam durādharṣam durutsaham
sarvam tat tapasā śakyam tapaḥ hi duratikramam
5. Whatever is difficult to obtain, difficult to understand, difficult to conquer, or difficult to accomplish—all of that is made possible through austerity (tapas). For, austerity (tapas) is indeed insurmountable.
सुरापोऽसंमतादायी भ्रूणहा गुरुतल्पगः ।
तपसैव सुतप्तेन नरः पापाद्विमुच्यते ॥६॥
6. surāpo'saṁmatādāyī bhrūṇahā gurutalpagaḥ ,
tapasaiva sutaptena naraḥ pāpādvimucyate.
6. surāpaḥ asaṃmatādāyī bhrūṇahā gurutalapagaḥ
tapasā eva sutaptena naraḥ pāpāt vimucyate
6. Even a drunkard, one who accepts gifts from the unworthy, a fetus-killer (or killer of a Brahmin), or one who defiles the guru's bed—such a person is freed from sin only by intensely performed austerity (tapas).
तपसो बहुरूपस्य तैस्तैर्द्वारैः प्रवर्ततः ।
निवृत्त्या वर्तमानस्य तपो नानशनात्परम् ॥७॥
7. tapaso bahurūpasya taistairdvāraiḥ pravartataḥ ,
nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapo nānaśanātparam.
7. tapasas bahurūpasya taiḥ taiḥ dvāraiḥ pravartataḥ
nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapaḥ na anaśanāt param
7. bahurūpasya tapasaḥ taiḥ taiḥ dvāraiḥ pravartataḥ
nivṛttyā vartamānasya tapaḥ anaśanāt param na
7. Austerity (tapas) is multifaceted, manifesting through various means. Yet, for one who practices with renunciation, no austerity (tapas) is superior to fasting.
अहिंसा सत्यवचनं दानमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
एतेभ्यो हि महाराज तपो नानशनात्परम् ॥८॥
8. ahiṁsā satyavacanaṁ dānamindriyanigrahaḥ ,
etebhyo hi mahārāja tapo nānaśanātparam.
8. ahiṃsā satyavacanam dānam indriyanigrahaḥ
etebhyaḥ hi mahārāja tapaḥ na anaśanāt param
8. ahiṃsā satyavacanam dānam indriyanigrahaḥ hi
mahārāja etebhyaḥ tapaḥ anaśanāt param na
8. Non-violence, truthful speech, charity (dāna), and control of the senses—even among these (practices), O great king, no austerity (tapas) is superior to fasting.
न दुष्करतरं दानान्नातिमातरमाश्रमः ।
त्रैविद्येभ्यः परं नास्ति संन्यासः परमं तपः ॥९॥
9. na duṣkarataraṁ dānānnātimātaramāśramaḥ ,
traividyebhyaḥ paraṁ nāsti saṁnyāsaḥ paramaṁ tapaḥ.
9. na duṣkarataram dānāt na atimātaram āśramaḥ
traividyebhyaḥ param na asti saṃnyāsaḥ paramam tapaḥ
9. dānāt duṣkarataram na āśramaḥ atimātaram na
traividyebhyaḥ param na asti saṃnyāsaḥ paramam tapaḥ
9. Nothing is more difficult than charity (dāna), and no stage of life (āśrama) is exceedingly challenging. There is nothing higher than those learned in the three Vedas. Renunciation (saṃnyāsa) is the supreme austerity (tapas).
इन्द्रियाणीह रक्षन्ति धनधान्याभिगुप्तये ।
तस्मादर्थे च धर्मे च तपो नानशनात्परम् ॥१०॥
10. indriyāṇīha rakṣanti dhanadhānyābhiguptaye ,
tasmādarthe ca dharme ca tapo nānaśanātparam.
10. indriyāṇi iha rakṣanti dhanadhānyābhiguptaye
tasmāt arthe ca dharme ca tapaḥ na anaśanāt param
10. iha dhanadhānyābhiguptaye indriyāṇi rakṣanti
tasmāt arthe ca dharme ca tapaḥ anaśanāt param na
10. Here in this world, people restrain their senses for the preservation of wealth and grain. Therefore, concerning both material prosperity and natural law (dharma), no austerity (tapas) is superior to fasting.
ऋषयः पितरो देवा मनुष्या मृगसत्तमाः ।
यानि चान्यानि भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ॥११॥
11. ṛṣayaḥ pitaro devā manuṣyā mṛgasattamāḥ ,
yāni cānyāni bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca.
11. ṛṣayaḥ pitaraḥ devāḥ manuṣyāḥ mṛgasattamāḥ
yāni ca anyāni bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca
11. ṛṣayaḥ pitaraḥ devāḥ manuṣyāḥ mṛgasattamāḥ
ca yāni anyāni sthāvarāṇi ca carāṇi bhūtāni
11. Sages, ancestors, gods, humans, and the best of beasts; and whatever other beings, whether immobile or mobile (caraṇi ca).
तपःपरायणाः सर्वे सिध्यन्ति तपसा च ते ।
इत्येवं तपसा देवा महत्त्वं चाप्यवाप्नुवन् ॥१२॥
12. tapaḥparāyaṇāḥ sarve sidhyanti tapasā ca te ,
ityevaṁ tapasā devā mahattvaṁ cāpyavāpnuvan.
12. tapaḥparāyaṇāḥ sarve sidhyanti tapasā ca te iti
evam tapasā devāḥ mahattvam ca api avāpnuvan
12. sarve tapaḥparāyaṇāḥ te ca tapasā sidhyanti iti
evam devāḥ api tapasā mahattvam ca avāpnuvan
12. All those dedicated to austerity (tapas) achieve success through their austerity (tapas). Thus, through austerity (tapas), even the gods attained greatness.
इमानीष्टविभागानि फलानि तपसा सदा ।
तपसा शक्यते प्राप्तुं देवत्वमपि निश्चयात् ॥१३॥
13. imānīṣṭavibhāgāni phalāni tapasā sadā ,
tapasā śakyate prāptuṁ devatvamapi niścayāt.
13. imāni iṣṭavibhāgāni phalāni tapasā sadā
tapasā śakyate prāptum devatvam api niścayāt
13. imāni iṣṭavibhāgāni phalāni tapasā sadā (prāpyante)
tapasā devatvam api niścayāt prāptum śakyate
13. These desired fruits and benefits are always achieved through austerity (tapas). It is certainly possible to attain even divinity through austerity (tapas).