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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अयं पितामहेनोक्तो राजधर्मः सनातनः ।
ईश्वरश्च महादण्डो दण्डे सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ayaṁ pitāmahenokto rājadharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
īśvaraśca mahādaṇḍo daṇḍe sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ayam pitāmahena uktaḥ rājadharmaḥ
sanātanaḥ īśvaraḥ ca mahādaṇḍaḥ daṇḍe sarvam pratiṣṭhitam
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmahena ayam sanātanaḥ rājadharmaḥ
uktaḥ ca īśvaraḥ mahādaṇḍaḥ sarvam daṇḍe pratiṣṭhitam
1. Yudhishthira said: "This eternal royal constitution (dharma) has been declared by the grandfather (Bhishma). The Lord (īśvara) himself is the great enforcer of justice (daṇḍa); indeed, everything is founded upon this justice (daṇḍa)."
देवतानामृषीणां च पितॄणां च महात्मनाम् ।
यक्षरक्षःपिशाचानां मर्त्यानां च विशेषतः ॥२॥
2. devatānāmṛṣīṇāṁ ca pitṝṇāṁ ca mahātmanām ,
yakṣarakṣaḥpiśācānāṁ martyānāṁ ca viśeṣataḥ.
2. devatānām ṛṣīṇām ca pitṝṇām ca mahātmanām
yakṣarakṣaḥpiśācānām martyānām ca viśeṣataḥ
2. devatānām ṛṣīṇām ca pitṝṇām ca mahātmanām
yakṣarakṣaḥpiśācānām martyānām ca viśeṣataḥ
2. This applies to gods, to sages, and to ancestors, to great souls, and to Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, and Piśācas, and especially to mortals.
सर्वेषां प्राणिनां लोके तिर्यक्ष्वपि निवासिनाम् ।
सर्वव्यापी महातेजा दण्डः श्रेयानिति प्रभो ॥३॥
3. sarveṣāṁ prāṇināṁ loke tiryakṣvapi nivāsinām ,
sarvavyāpī mahātejā daṇḍaḥ śreyāniti prabho.
3. sarveṣām prāṇinām loke tiryakṣu api nivāsinām
sarvavyāpī mahātejāḥ daṇḍaḥ śreyān iti prabho
3. prabho sarveṣām prāṇinām loke tiryakṣu api
nivāsinām daṇḍaḥ sarvavyāpī mahātejāḥ śreyān iti
3. O Lord, it is said that Danda (the principle of governance/punishment), which is all-pervading and of great splendor, is superior for all beings residing in the world, even among animals.
इत्येतदुक्तं भवता सर्वं दण्ड्यं चराचरम् ।
दृश्यते लोकमासक्तं ससुरासुरमानुषम् ॥४॥
4. ityetaduktaṁ bhavatā sarvaṁ daṇḍyaṁ carācaram ,
dṛśyate lokamāsaktaṁ sasurāsuramānuṣam.
4. iti etat uktam bhavatā sarvam daṇḍyam carācaram
dṛśyate lokam āsaktam sasurāsuramānuṣam
4. bhavatā iti etat sarvam carācaram daṇḍyam
uktam sasurāsuramānuṣam lokam āsaktam dṛśyate
4. Thus, it has been said by you that all creation, moving and non-moving, is subject to Danda (governance/punishment). The world, including gods, demons, and humans, is seen to be engrossed (in its affairs, implying Danda's pervasive influence).
एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं तत्त्वेन भरतर्षभ ।
को दण्डः कीदृशो दण्डः किंरूपः किंपरायणः ॥५॥
5. etadicchāmyahaṁ jñātuṁ tattvena bharatarṣabha ,
ko daṇḍaḥ kīdṛśo daṇḍaḥ kiṁrūpaḥ kiṁparāyaṇaḥ.
5. etat icchāmi aham jñātum tattvena bharatarṣabha
kaḥ daṇḍaḥ kīdṛśaḥ daṇḍaḥ kiṃrūpaḥ kiṃparāyaṇaḥ
5. bharatarṣabha aham etat tattvena jñātum icchāmi
daṇḍaḥ kaḥ? daṇḍaḥ kīdṛśaḥ? kiṃrūpaḥ? kiṃparāyaṇaḥ?
5. O best of Bharatas, I wish to know this truly: What is Danda (governance/punishment)? What kind of Danda is it? What is its form? And what is its ultimate purpose (parāyaṇa)?
किमात्मकः कथंभूतः कतिमूर्तिः कथंप्रभुः ।
जागर्ति स कथं दण्डः प्रजास्ववहितात्मकः ॥६॥
6. kimātmakaḥ kathaṁbhūtaḥ katimūrtiḥ kathaṁprabhuḥ ,
jāgarti sa kathaṁ daṇḍaḥ prajāsvavahitātmakaḥ.
6. kimātmakaḥ kathaṃbhūtaḥ katimūrtiḥ kathaṃprabhuḥ
jāgarti saḥ kathaṃ daṇḍaḥ prajāsvavahitātmakaḥ
6. saḥ daṇḍaḥ kimātmakaḥ kathaṃbhūtaḥ katimūrtiḥ
kathaṃprabhuḥ prajāsvavahitātmakaḥ kathaṃ jāgarti
6. What is its essential nature (ātman)? How is it constituted? How many forms does it embody? What kind of authority does it wield? How does that governance (daṇḍa), with its attentive intrinsic nature (ātman), remain vigilant among the subjects?
कश्च पूर्वापरमिदं जागर्ति परिपालयन् ।
कश्च विज्ञायते पूर्वं कोऽपरो दण्डसंज्ञितः ।
किंसंस्थश्च भवेद्दण्डः का चास्य गतिरिष्यते ॥७॥
7. kaśca pūrvāparamidaṁ jāgarti paripālayan ,
kaśca vijñāyate pūrvaṁ ko'paro daṇḍasaṁjñitaḥ ,
kiṁsaṁsthaśca bhaveddaṇḍaḥ kā cāsya gatiriṣyate.
7. kaḥ ca pūrvāparam idaṃ jāgarti
paripālayan kaḥ ca vijñāyate pūrvaṃ kaḥ
aparaḥ daṇḍasaṃjñitaḥ kimsaṃsthaḥ ca
bhavet daṇḍaḥ kā ca asya gatiḥ iṣyate
7. kaḥ ca idaṃ pūrvāparam paripālayan
jāgarti kaḥ ca pūrvaṃ vijñāyate kaḥ
aparaḥ daṇḍasaṃjñitaḥ daṇḍaḥ kimsaṃsthaḥ
ca bhavet ca asya kā gatiḥ iṣyate
7. And who is it that, protecting this entire past and future (pūrvāparam), remains vigilant? Who is known as the primary (pūrva) principle, and who is the other, called governance (daṇḍa)? In what does governance (daṇḍa) ultimately reside, and what is considered its destined path?
भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणु कौरव्य यो दण्डो व्यवहार्यो यथा च सः ।
यस्मिन्हि सर्वमायत्तं स दण्ड इह केवलः ॥८॥
8. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇu kauravya yo daṇḍo vyavahāryo yathā ca saḥ ,
yasminhi sarvamāyattaṁ sa daṇḍa iha kevalaḥ.
8. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śṛṇu kauravya yaḥ daṇḍaḥ vyavahāryaḥ yathā
ca saḥ yasmin hi sarvam āyattam saḥ daṇḍaḥ iha kevalaḥ
8. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kauravya śṛṇu yaḥ daṇḍaḥ vyavahāryaḥ ca
yathā saḥ yasmin hi sarvam āyattam saḥ daṇḍaḥ iha kevalaḥ
8. Bhishma said: Listen, O Kaurava, to what the governance (daṇḍa) that is to be administered is, and how it functions. Indeed, everything is dependent on that (daṇḍa); that governance (daṇḍa) is truly the only essential principle here in this world.
धर्मस्याख्या महाराज व्यवहार इतीष्यते ।
तस्य लोपः कथं न स्याल्लोकेष्ववहितात्मनः ।
इत्यर्थं व्यवहारस्य व्यवहारत्वमिष्यते ॥९॥
9. dharmasyākhyā mahārāja vyavahāra itīṣyate ,
tasya lopaḥ kathaṁ na syāllokeṣvavahitātmanaḥ ,
ityarthaṁ vyavahārasya vyavahāratvamiṣyate.
9. dharmasya ākhyā mahārāja vyavahāraḥ
iti iṣyate tasya lopaḥ kathaṃ na
syāt lokeṣu avahitātmanaḥ iti artham
vyavahārasya vyavahāratvam iṣyate
9. mahārāja dharmasya ākhyā vyavahāraḥ
iti iṣyate tasya avahitātmanaḥ
lopaḥ lokeṣu kathaṃ na syāt iti artham
vyavahārasya vyavahāratvam iṣyate
9. Bhishma said: O great king, the designation for "dharma" (natural law) is considered to be 'administration' (vyavahāra). How can the transgression of that (dharma or vyavahāra) not occur among the people, for (the sake of) that with an attentive constitution (ātman)? Therefore, the true nature of administration (vyavahāra) is desired to be established.
अपि चैतत्पुरा राजन्मनुना प्रोक्तमादितः ।
सुप्रणीतेन दण्डेन प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना ।
प्रजा रक्षति यः सम्यग्धर्म एव स केवलः ॥१०॥
10. api caitatpurā rājanmanunā proktamāditaḥ ,
supraṇītena daṇḍena priyāpriyasamātmanā ,
prajā rakṣati yaḥ samyagdharma eva sa kevalaḥ.
10. api ca etat purā rājan manunā
proktam āditaḥ supraṇītena daṇḍena
priyāpriyasamātmanā prajāḥ rakṣati
yaḥ samyak dharmaḥ eva saḥ kevalaḥ
10. rājan api ca etat purā āditaḥ manunā
proktam yaḥ supraṇītena
priyāpriyasamātmanā daṇḍena prajāḥ samyak
rakṣati saḥ kevalaḥ dharmaḥ eva
10. Moreover, O king, this was declared by Manu from the very beginning: He who properly protects the subjects with a well-administered authority (daṇḍa), which is impartial towards friends and non-friends, he alone is truly upholding the natural law (dharma).
अथोक्तमेतद्वचनं प्रागेव मनुना पुरा ।
जन्म चोक्तं वसिष्ठेन ब्रह्मणो वचनं महत् ॥११॥
11. athoktametadvacanaṁ prāgeva manunā purā ,
janma coktaṁ vasiṣṭhena brahmaṇo vacanaṁ mahat.
11. atha uktam etat vacanam prāk eva manunā purā
janma ca uktam vasiṣṭhena brahmaṇaḥ vacanam mahat
11. atha manunā purā prāk eva etat vacanam uktam ca
vasiṣṭhena brahmaṇaḥ mahat janma vacanam uktam
11. Furthermore, this statement was indeed declared previously by Manu in ancient times. And the great pronouncement of Brahmā concerning the origin (janma) was also declared by Vasiṣṭha.
प्रागिदं वचनं प्रोक्तमतः प्राग्वचनं विदुः ।
व्यवहारस्य चाख्यानाद्व्यवहार इहोच्यते ॥१२॥
12. prāgidaṁ vacanaṁ proktamataḥ prāgvacanaṁ viduḥ ,
vyavahārasya cākhyānādvyavahāra ihocyate.
12. prāk idam vacanam proktam ataḥ prāgvacanam viduḥ
vyavahārasya ca ākhyānāt vyavahāraḥ iha ucyate
12. idam vacanam prāk proktam ataḥ (imam) prāgvacanam
viduḥ ca vyavahārasya ākhyānāt iha vyavahāraḥ ucyate
12. This statement was declared previously; therefore, they know it as the 'previous statement'. And due to its exposition of legal conduct (vyavahāra), it is here called 'legal conduct (vyavahāra)'.
दण्डात्त्रिवर्गः सततं सुप्रणीतात्प्रवर्तते ।
दैवं हि परमो दण्डो रूपतोऽग्निरिवोच्छिखः ॥१३॥
13. daṇḍāttrivargaḥ satataṁ supraṇītātpravartate ,
daivaṁ hi paramo daṇḍo rūpato'gnirivocchikhaḥ.
13. daṇḍāt trivargaḥ satatam supraṇītāt pravartate
daivam hi paramaḥ daṇḍaḥ rūpataḥ agniḥ iva ucchikhaḥ
13. supraṇītāt daṇḍāt trivargaḥ satatam pravartate hi daivam daṇḍaḥ paramaḥ,
rūpataḥ ucchikhaḥ agniḥ iva
13. From a well-administered authority (daṇḍa), the three objectives of human life (dharma, artha, and kāma) constantly proceed. Indeed, the divine authority (daṇḍa) is supreme, appearing like a fire with rising flames.
नीलोत्पलदलश्यामश्चतुर्दंष्ट्रश्चतुर्भुजः ।
अष्टपान्नैकनयनः शङ्कुकर्णोर्ध्वरोमवान् ॥१४॥
14. nīlotpaladalaśyāmaścaturdaṁṣṭraścaturbhujaḥ ,
aṣṭapānnaikanayanaḥ śaṅkukarṇordhvaromavān.
14. nīlotpaladalśyāmaḥ caturdaṃṣṭraḥ caturbhujaḥ
aṣṭapāt na ekanayanaḥ śaṅkukarṇaḥ ūrdhvaromavān
14. nīlotpaladalśyāmaḥ caturdaṃṣṭraḥ caturbhujaḥ
aṣṭapāt na ekanayanaḥ śaṅkukarṇaḥ ūrdhvaromavān
14. He is dark like the petals of a blue lotus, possesses four fangs, and has four arms. He has eight legs, not just one eye (implying multiple eyes), conical ears, and upward-standing hair.
जटी द्विजिह्वस्ताम्रास्यो मृगराजतनुच्छदः ।
एतद्रूपं बिभर्त्युग्रं दण्डो नित्यं दुरावरः ॥१५॥
15. jaṭī dvijihvastāmrāsyo mṛgarājatanucchadaḥ ,
etadrūpaṁ bibhartyugraṁ daṇḍo nityaṁ durāvaraḥ.
15. jaṭī dvijihvaḥ tāmrāsyaḥ mṛgarājatranucchadaḥ
etat rūpam bibharti ugram daṇḍaḥ nityam durāvaraḥ
15. daṇḍaḥ nityam durāvaraḥ jaṭī dvijihvaḥ tāmrāsyaḥ
mṛgarājatranucchadaḥ etat ugram rūpam bibharti
15. He has matted hair, a forked tongue, a copper-colored face, and a hide like a lion's. This fearsome, always irresistible form is borne by Daṇḍa (Punishment).
असिर्गदा धनुः शक्तिस्त्रिशूलं मुद्गरः शरः ।
मुसलं परशुश्चक्रं प्रासो दण्डर्ष्टितोमराः ॥१६॥
16. asirgadā dhanuḥ śaktistriśūlaṁ mudgaraḥ śaraḥ ,
musalaṁ paraśuścakraṁ prāso daṇḍarṣṭitomarāḥ.
16. asiḥ gadā dhanuḥ śaktiḥ triśūlam mudgaraḥ śaraḥ
musalam paraśuḥ cakram prāsaḥ daṇḍaḥ ṛṣṭiḥ tomarāḥ
16. asiḥ gadā dhanuḥ śaktiḥ triśūlam mudgaraḥ śaraḥ
musalam paraśuḥ cakram prāsaḥ daṇḍaḥ ṛṣṭiḥ tomarāḥ
16. A sword, mace, bow, spear (śakti), trident, hammer, arrow, pestle, axe, discus, javelin (prāsa), staff, spear (ṛṣṭi), and javelins (tomara) are among them.
सर्वप्रहरणीयानि सन्ति यानीह कानिचित् ।
दण्ड एव हि सर्वात्मा लोके चरति मूर्तिमान् ॥१७॥
17. sarvapraharaṇīyāni santi yānīha kānicit ,
daṇḍa eva hi sarvātmā loke carati mūrtimān.
17. sarvapraharaṇīyāni santi yāni iha kānicit
daṇḍaḥ eva hi sarvātmā loke carati mūrtimān
17. yāni kānicit sarvapraharaṇīyāni iha santi,
daṇḍaḥ eva hi sarvātmā mūrtimān loke carati
17. Whatever weapons for striking exist here, Daṇḍa (Punishment) himself, as the very essence (ātman) of all, moves about in the world embodied.
भिन्दंश्छिन्दन्रुजन्कृन्तन्दारयन्पाटयंस्तथा ।
घातयन्नभिधावंश्च दण्ड एव चरत्युत ॥१८॥
18. bhindaṁśchindanrujankṛntandārayanpāṭayaṁstathā ,
ghātayannabhidhāvaṁśca daṇḍa eva caratyuta.
18. bhindan chindan rujan kṛntan dārayan pāṭayan
tathā ghātayan abhidhāvan ca daṇḍaḥ eva carati uta
18. uta daṇḍaḥ eva bhindan chindan rujan kṛntan
dārayan pāṭayan tathā ghātayan ca abhidhāvan carati
18. Indeed, Daṇḍa (justice or punishment) operates by breaking, cutting, inflicting pain, severing, tearing, splitting, and similarly by causing death and pursuing [offenders].
असिर्विशसनो धर्मस्तीक्ष्णवर्त्मा दुरासदः ।
श्रीगर्भो विजयः शास्ता व्यवहारः प्रजागरः ॥१९॥
19. asirviśasano dharmastīkṣṇavartmā durāsadaḥ ,
śrīgarbho vijayaḥ śāstā vyavahāraḥ prajāgaraḥ.
19. asiḥ viśasanaḥ dharmaḥ tīkṣṇavartmā durāsadaḥ
śrīgarbhaḥ vijayaḥ śāstā vyavahāraḥ prajāgaraḥ
19. (Daṇḍaḥ) asiḥ viśasanaḥ dharmaḥ tīkṣṇavartmā durāsadaḥ
śrīgarbhaḥ vijayaḥ śāstā vyavahāraḥ prajāgaraḥ (asti)
19. Daṇḍa (justice or punishment) is referred to as the sword, the destroyer, the natural law (dharma), the one with a fierce path, and the unassailable. It is the source of glory, victory, the discipliner, legal procedure, and the ever-vigilant.
शास्त्रं ब्राह्मणमन्त्रश्च शास्ता प्राग्वचनं गतः ।
धर्मपालोऽक्षरो देवः सत्यगो नित्यगो ग्रहः ॥२०॥
20. śāstraṁ brāhmaṇamantraśca śāstā prāgvacanaṁ gataḥ ,
dharmapālo'kṣaro devaḥ satyago nityago grahaḥ.
20. śāstram brāhmaṇamantraḥ ca śāstā prāgvancanam gataḥ
dharmapālaḥ akṣaraḥ devaḥ satyagaḥ nityagaḥ grahaḥ
20. (Daṇḍaḥ) śāstram ca brāhmaṇamantraḥ,
(saḥ) śāstā prāgvancanam gataḥ.
(Saḥ) dharmapālaḥ akṣaraḥ devaḥ satyagaḥ nityagaḥ grahaḥ (ca asti).
20. Daṇḍa (justice) is also the scripture (śāstra) and the sacred utterance of the Brahmin. It is the discipliner who embodies ancient pronouncements. Furthermore, it is the protector of (dharma) natural law, the imperishable, the divine, the one who adheres to truth, the ever-present, and the upholder.
असङ्गो रुद्रतनयो मनुज्येष्ठः शिवंकरः ।
नामान्येतानि दण्डस्य कीर्तितानि युधिष्ठिर ॥२१॥
21. asaṅgo rudratanayo manujyeṣṭhaḥ śivaṁkaraḥ ,
nāmānyetāni daṇḍasya kīrtitāni yudhiṣṭhira.
21. asaṅgaḥ rudratanayaḥ manujyeṣṭhaḥ śivaṃkaraḥ
nāmāni etāni daṇḍasya kīrtitāni yudhiṣṭhira
21. (Daṇḍaḥ) asaṅgaḥ rudratanayaḥ manujyeṣṭhaḥ śivaṃkaraḥ (ca asti).
Yudhiṣṭhira,
etāni daṇḍasya nāmāni kīrtitāni.
21. Daṇḍa (justice) is also described as the unattached, the son of Rudra, the foremost among humanity (manu), and the benevolent (śivaṃkara). O Yudhiṣṭhira, these are the names of Daṇḍa that have been enumerated.
दण्डो हि भगवान्विष्णुर्यज्ञो नारायणः प्रभुः ।
शश्वद्रूपं महद्बिभ्रन्महापुरुष उच्यते ॥२२॥
22. daṇḍo hi bhagavānviṣṇuryajño nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ ,
śaśvadrūpaṁ mahadbibhranmahāpuruṣa ucyate.
22. daṇḍaḥ hi bhagavān viṣṇuḥ yajñaḥ nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ
śaśvat rūpam mahat bibhran mahāpuruṣaḥ ucyate
22. daṇḍaḥ hi bhagavān viṣṇuḥ; yajñaḥ nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ (ca asti).
(saḥ) śaśvat mahat rūpam bibhran,
mahāpuruṣaḥ ucyate.
22. Indeed, punishment (daṇḍa) is Lord Viṣṇu, and the Vedic ritual (yajña) is Lord Nārāyaṇa. Assuming an eternal, mighty form, He is called the Great Being (mahāpuruṣa).
यथोक्ता ब्रह्मकन्येति लक्ष्मीर्नीतिः सरस्वती ।
दण्डनीतिर्जगद्धात्री दण्डो हि बहुविग्रहः ॥२३॥
23. yathoktā brahmakanyeti lakṣmīrnītiḥ sarasvatī ,
daṇḍanītirjagaddhātrī daṇḍo hi bahuvigrahaḥ.
23. yathoktā brahmakanyā iti lakṣmīḥ nītiḥ sarasvatī
daṇḍanītiḥ jagaddhātrī daṇḍaḥ hi bahuvigrahaḥ
23. yathoktā brahmakanyā iti lakṣmīḥ nītiḥ sarasvatī
daṇḍanītiḥ jagaddhātrī daṇḍaḥ hi bahuvigrahaḥ
23. She is mentioned as the daughter of Brahma (brahmakanyā), Lakshmi, Nīti (ethics/governance), and Sarasvatī. This science of governance (daṇḍanīti) is the sustainer of the world, and daṇḍa (justice/authority) itself indeed manifests in many forms.
अर्थानर्थौ सुखं दुःखं धर्माधर्मौ बलाबले ।
दौर्भाग्यं भागधेयं च पुण्यापुण्ये गुणागुणौ ॥२४॥
24. arthānarthau sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ dharmādharmau balābale ,
daurbhāgyaṁ bhāgadheyaṁ ca puṇyāpuṇye guṇāguṇau.
24. arthānarthau sukham duḥkham dharmādharmau balābale
daurbhāgyam bhāgadheyam ca puṇyāpuṇye guṇāguṇau
24. arthānarthau sukham duḥkham dharmādharmau balābale
daurbhāgyam bhāgadheyam ca puṇyāpuṇye guṇāguṇau
24. (It manifests as) gain and loss (artha and anartha), happiness and sorrow, virtue and vice (dharma and adharma), strength and weakness, misfortune and good fortune, and merit and demerit, qualities and faults.
कामाकामावृतुर्मासः शर्वरी दिवसः क्षणः ।
अप्रसादः प्रसादश्च हर्षः क्रोधः शमो दमः ॥२५॥
25. kāmākāmāvṛturmāsaḥ śarvarī divasaḥ kṣaṇaḥ ,
aprasādaḥ prasādaśca harṣaḥ krodhaḥ śamo damaḥ.
25. kāmākāmau ṛtuḥ māsaḥ śarvarī divasaḥ kṣaṇaḥ
aprasādaḥ prasādaḥ ca harṣaḥ krodhaḥ śamaḥ damaḥ
25. kāmākāmau ṛtuḥ māsaḥ śarvarī divasaḥ kṣaṇaḥ
aprasādaḥ prasādaḥ ca harṣaḥ krodhaḥ śamaḥ damaḥ
25. (It encompasses) desire and aversion (kāma and akāma), season and month, night, day and moment. Displeasure and favor, joy and anger, as well as mental tranquility (śama) and self-control (dama).
दैवं पुरुषकारश्च मोक्षामोक्षौ भयाभये ।
हिंसाहिंसे तपो यज्ञः संयमोऽथ विषाविषम् ॥२६॥
26. daivaṁ puruṣakāraśca mokṣāmokṣau bhayābhaye ,
hiṁsāhiṁse tapo yajñaḥ saṁyamo'tha viṣāviṣam.
26. daivam puruṣakāraḥ ca mokṣāmokṣau bhayābhaye
hiṃsāhiṃse tapaḥ yajñaḥ saṃyamaḥ atha viṣāviṣam
26. daivam ca puruṣakāraḥ mokṣāmokṣau bhayābhaye
hiṃsāhiṃse tapaḥ yajñaḥ saṃyamaḥ atha viṣāviṣam
26. Fate and human exertion, liberation (mokṣa) and non-liberation, fear and fearlessness, violence and non-violence, asceticism (tapas), Vedic ritual (yajña), self-control, and then poison and non-poison.
अन्तश्चादिश्च मध्यं च कृत्यानां च प्रपञ्चनम् ।
मदः प्रमादो दर्पश्च दम्भो धैर्यं नयानयौ ॥२७॥
27. antaścādiśca madhyaṁ ca kṛtyānāṁ ca prapañcanam ,
madaḥ pramādo darpaśca dambho dhairyaṁ nayānayau.
27. antaḥ ca ādiḥ ca madhyam ca kṛtyānām ca prapañcanam
madaḥ pramādaḥ darpaḥ ca dambhaḥ dhairyam nayānayau
27. ādiḥ ca madhyam ca antaḥ ca kṛtyānām ca prapañcanam
madaḥ pramādaḥ darpaḥ ca dambhaḥ dhairyam nayānayau
27. The beginning, the middle, and the end of undertakings, as well as their detailed explanation; (also) intoxication, heedlessness, arrogance, hypocrisy, patience, and good policy and bad policy.
अशक्तिः शक्तिरित्येव मानस्तम्भौ व्ययाव्ययौ ।
विनयश्च विसर्गश्च कालाकालौ च भारत ॥२८॥
28. aśaktiḥ śaktirityeva mānastambhau vyayāvyayau ,
vinayaśca visargaśca kālākālau ca bhārata.
28. aśaktiḥ śaktiḥ iti eva mānanastambhau vyayāvyayau
vinayaḥ ca visargaḥ ca kālākālau ca bhārata
28. aśaktiḥ śaktiḥ iti eva mānanastambhau vyayāvyayau
vinayaḥ ca visargaḥ ca kālākālau ca bhārata
28. Incapacity and capacity, indeed; (also) honor and haughtiness, expenditure and non-expenditure; modesty and relinquishment (or giving), and appropriate time and inappropriate time, O Bhārata.
अनृतं ज्ञाज्ञता सत्यं श्रद्धाश्रद्धे तथैव च ।
क्लीबता व्यवसायश्च लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ ॥२९॥
29. anṛtaṁ jñājñatā satyaṁ śraddhāśraddhe tathaiva ca ,
klībatā vyavasāyaśca lābhālābhau jayājayau.
29. anṛtam jñājñatā satyam śraddhāśraddhe tathā eva
ca klībatā vyavasāyaḥ ca lābhālābhau jayājayau
29. anṛtam jñājñatā satyam śraddhāśraddhe tathā eva
ca klībatā ca vyavasāyaḥ lābhālābhau jayājayau
29. Falsehood, knowledge and ignorance, truth, faith (śraddhā) and lack of faith, and likewise; (also) impotence, and resolve, gain and loss, (and) victory and defeat.
तीक्ष्णता मृदुता मृत्युरागमानागमौ तथा ।
विराद्धिश्चैव राद्धिश्च कार्याकार्ये बलाबले ॥३०॥
30. tīkṣṇatā mṛdutā mṛtyurāgamānāgamau tathā ,
virāddhiścaiva rāddhiśca kāryākārye balābale.
30. tīkṣṇatā mṛdutā mṛtyuḥ āgama-anāgamau tathā
virāddhiḥ ca eva rāddhiḥ ca kāryā-akārye balā-abale
30. tīkṣṇatā mṛdutā mṛtyuḥ āgama-anāgamau tathā
virāddhiḥ ca eva rāddhiḥ ca kāryā-akārye balā-abale
30. Sharpness, gentleness, death, coming and going, as well as failure and success, actions to be done and actions not to be done, and strength and weakness (are some of the aspects).
असूया चानसूया च धर्माधर्मौ तथैव च ।
अपत्रपानपत्रपे ह्रीश्च संपद्विपच्च ह ॥३१॥
31. asūyā cānasūyā ca dharmādharmau tathaiva ca ,
apatrapānapatrape hrīśca saṁpadvipacca ha.
31. asūyā ca anasūyā ca dharmā-adharmau tathā eva ca
apatrapā-anapatrape hrīḥ ca sampat vipat ca ha
31. asūyā ca anasūyā ca dharmā-adharmau tathā eva ca
apatrapā-anapatrape hrīḥ ca sampat vipat ca ha
31. Envy and the absence of envy, righteousness (dharma) and unrighteousness, and similarly, shame and shamelessness, modesty, and prosperity and adversity, indeed (are other aspects).
तेजः कर्मणि पाण्डित्यं वाक्शक्तिस्तत्त्वबुद्धिता ।
एवं दण्डस्य कौरव्य लोकेऽस्मिन्बहुरूपता ॥३२॥
32. tejaḥ karmaṇi pāṇḍityaṁ vākśaktistattvabuddhitā ,
evaṁ daṇḍasya kauravya loke'sminbahurūpatā.
32. tejaḥ karmaṇi pāṇḍityaṃ vākśaktiḥ tattvabuddhitā
evaṃ daṇḍasya kauravya loke asmin bahurūpatā
32. kauravya,
evaṃ asmin loke tejaḥ karmaṇi pāṇḍityaṃ vākśaktiḥ tattvabuddhitā daṇḍasya bahurūpatā (asti).
32. Prowess, skill in action (karma), eloquence, and discernment of truth - thus, O Kauravya, in this world, exists the manifold nature of coercion (daṇḍa).
न स्याद्यदीह दण्डो वै प्रमथेयुः परस्परम् ।
भयाद्दण्डस्य चान्योन्यं घ्नन्ति नैव युधिष्ठिर ॥३३॥
33. na syādyadīha daṇḍo vai pramatheyuḥ parasparam ,
bhayāddaṇḍasya cānyonyaṁ ghnanti naiva yudhiṣṭhira.
33. na syāt yadi iha daṇḍaḥ vai pramatheyuḥ parasparam
bhayāt daṇḍasya ca anyonyam ghnanti na eva yudhiṣṭhira
33. yudhiṣṭhira,
yadi iha daṇḍaḥ vai na syāt,
(janāḥ) parasparam pramatheyuḥ.
ca daṇḍasya bhayāt (janāḥ) anyonyam na eva ghnanti.
33. If indeed there were no coercion (daṇḍa) here, people would oppress each other. And it is certainly out of fear of coercion (daṇḍa), O Yudhishthira, that they do not kill each other.
दण्डेन रक्ष्यमाणा हि राजन्नहरहः प्रजाः ।
राजानं वर्धयन्तीह तस्माद्दण्डः परायणम् ॥३४॥
34. daṇḍena rakṣyamāṇā hi rājannaharahaḥ prajāḥ ,
rājānaṁ vardhayantīha tasmāddaṇḍaḥ parāyaṇam.
34. daṇḍena rakṣyamāṇāḥ hi rājan aharahaḥ prajāḥ
rājānam vardhayanti iha tasmāt daṇḍaḥ parāyaṇam
34. rājan hi daṇḍena aharahaḥ rakṣyamāṇāḥ prajāḥ
iha rājānam vardhayanti tasmāt daṇḍaḥ parāyaṇam
34. O king, indeed, subjects who are protected daily by proper governance (daṇḍa) make the king prosper in this world. Therefore, governance (daṇḍa) is the supreme support.
व्यवस्थापयति क्षिप्रमिमं लोकं नरेश्वर ।
सत्ये व्यवस्थितो धर्मो ब्राह्मणेष्ववतिष्ठते ॥३५॥
35. vyavasthāpayati kṣipramimaṁ lokaṁ nareśvara ,
satye vyavasthito dharmo brāhmaṇeṣvavatiṣṭhate.
35. vyavasthāpayati kṣipram imam lokam nareśvara
satye vyavasthitaḥ dharmaḥ brāhmaṇeṣu avatiṣṭhate
35. nareśvara kṣipram imam lokam vyavasthāpayati
satye vyavasthitaḥ dharmaḥ brāhmaṇeṣu avatiṣṭhate
35. O lord of men, he swiftly establishes this world in order. The intrinsic nature (dharma), firmly based on truth, abides among the Brahmins.
धर्मयुक्ता द्विजाः श्रेष्ठा वेदयुक्ता भवन्ति च ।
बभूव यज्ञो वेदेभ्यो यज्ञः प्रीणाति देवताः ॥३६॥
36. dharmayuktā dvijāḥ śreṣṭhā vedayuktā bhavanti ca ,
babhūva yajño vedebhyo yajñaḥ prīṇāti devatāḥ.
36. dharmayuktāḥ dvijāḥ śreṣṭhāḥ vedayuktāḥ bhavanti
ca babhūva yajñaḥ vedebhyaḥ yajñaḥ prīṇāti devatāḥ
36. dharmayuktāḥ śreṣṭhāḥ dvijāḥ ca vedayuktāḥ bhavanti.
yajñaḥ vedebhyaḥ babhūva.
(saḥ) yajñaḥ devatāḥ prīṇāti.
36. The best among the twice-born (dvija), those who are connected with natural law (dharma), also become connected with the Vedas. The Vedic ritual (yajña) originated from the Vedas, and the Vedic ritual (yajña) pleases the deities.
प्रीताश्च देवता नित्यमिन्द्रे परिददत्युत ।
अन्नं ददाति शक्रश्चाप्यनुगृह्णन्निमाः प्रजाः ॥३७॥
37. prītāśca devatā nityamindre paridadatyuta ,
annaṁ dadāti śakraścāpyanugṛhṇannimāḥ prajāḥ.
37. prītāḥ ca devatāḥ nityam indre paridadati uta
annam dadāti śakraḥ ca api anugṛhṇan imāḥ prajāḥ
37. ca prītāḥ devatāḥ nityam indre paridadati uta ca
śakraḥ api anugṛhṇan imāḥ prajāḥ annam dadāti
37. And the pleased deities constantly offer (the fruits of sacrifice) to Indra. And Indra (Śakra) in turn bestows food, thus blessing these creatures.
प्राणाश्च सर्वभूतानां नित्यमन्ने प्रतिष्ठिताः ।
तस्मात्प्रजाः प्रतिष्ठन्ते दण्डो जागर्ति तासु च ॥३८॥
38. prāṇāśca sarvabhūtānāṁ nityamanne pratiṣṭhitāḥ ,
tasmātprajāḥ pratiṣṭhante daṇḍo jāgarti tāsu ca.
38. prāṇāḥ ca sarvabhūtānām nityam anne pratiṣṭhitāḥ
tasmāt prajāḥ pratiṣṭhante daṇḍaḥ jāgarti tāsu ca
38. sarvabhūtānām prāṇāḥ ca nityam anne pratiṣṭhitāḥ
tasmāt prajāḥ pratiṣṭhante ca daṇḍaḥ tāsu jāgarti
38. The life forces (prāṇa) of all beings are always established in food. Therefore, people are sustained, and the rod of justice (daṇḍa) vigilantly protects them.
एवंप्रयोजनश्चैव दण्डः क्षत्रियतां गतः ।
रक्षन्प्रजाः प्रजागर्ति नित्यं सुविहितोऽक्षरः ॥३९॥
39. evaṁprayojanaścaiva daṇḍaḥ kṣatriyatāṁ gataḥ ,
rakṣanprajāḥ prajāgarti nityaṁ suvihito'kṣaraḥ.
39. evamprayojanaḥ ca eva daṇḍaḥ kṣatriyatām gataḥ
rakṣan prajāḥ prajāgarti nityam suvihitaḥ akṣaraḥ
39. evaṃprayojanaḥ ca eva daṇḍaḥ kṣatriyatām gataḥ
rakṣan prajāḥ nityam prajāgarti suvihitaḥ akṣaraḥ
39. Indeed, the rod of justice (daṇḍa), having such a purpose and having attained the nature of a ruler (kṣatriya), constantly protects the people (prajāḥ) by remaining vigilant, being well-established and imperishable.
ईश्वरः पुरुषः प्राणः सत्त्वं वित्तं प्रजापतिः ।
भूतात्मा जीव इत्येव नामभिः प्रोच्यतेऽष्टभिः ॥४०॥
40. īśvaraḥ puruṣaḥ prāṇaḥ sattvaṁ vittaṁ prajāpatiḥ ,
bhūtātmā jīva ityeva nāmabhiḥ procyate'ṣṭabhiḥ.
40. īśvaraḥ puruṣaḥ prāṇaḥ sattvam vittam prajāpatiḥ
bhūtātmā jīvaḥ iti eva nāmabhiḥ procyate aṣṭabhiḥ
40. īśvaraḥ puruṣaḥ prāṇaḥ sattvam vittam prajāpatiḥ
bhūtātmā jīvaḥ iti eva aṣṭabhiḥ nāmabhiḥ procyate
40. The rod of justice (daṇḍa) is indeed declared by these eight names: Lord (īśvara), the Cosmic Person (puruṣa), the Life Force (prāṇa), existence/essence (sattva), wealth, the Lord of creatures (prajāpati), the soul of all beings (bhūtātmā), and the individual soul (jīva).
अददद्दण्ड एवास्मै ध्रुवमैश्वर्यमेव च ।
बले नयश्च संयुक्तः सदा पञ्चविधात्मकः ॥४१॥
41. adadaddaṇḍa evāsmai dhruvamaiśvaryameva ca ,
bale nayaśca saṁyuktaḥ sadā pañcavidhātmakaḥ.
41. adadat daṇḍaḥ eva asmai dhruvam aiśvaryam eva ca
bale nayaḥ ca saṃyuktaḥ sadā pañcavidhātmakah
41. daṇḍaḥ adadat eva asmai dhruvam aiśvaryam ca eva,
nayaḥ ca bale saṃyuktaḥ sadā pañcavidhātmakah
41. The rod of justice (daṇḍa), indeed granting constant sovereignty to him (the ruler), and policy (naya), united with strength, is always five-fold in nature.
कुलबाहुधनामात्याः प्रज्ञा चोक्ता बलानि च ।
आहार्यं चाष्टकैर्द्रव्यैर्बलमन्यद्युधिष्ठिर ॥४२॥
42. kulabāhudhanāmātyāḥ prajñā coktā balāni ca ,
āhāryaṁ cāṣṭakairdravyairbalamanyadyudhiṣṭhira.
42. kulabāhudhanāmātyāḥ prajñā ca uktā balāni ca
āhāryam ca aṣṭakaiḥ dravyaiḥ balam anyat yudhiṣṭhira
42. yudhiṣṭhira kulabāhudhanāmātyāḥ prajñā ca balāni
ca uktā ca anyat balam aṣṭakaiḥ dravyaiḥ āhāryam
42. O Yudhishthira, family, military strength, wealth, ministers, and wisdom (prajñā) are stated to be forces. And there is another force, one that is acquired through eight kinds of resources.
हस्तिनोऽश्वा रथाः पत्तिर्नावो विष्टिस्तथैव च ।
दैशिकाश्चारकाश्चैव तदष्टाङ्गं बलं स्मृतम् ॥४३॥
43. hastino'śvā rathāḥ pattirnāvo viṣṭistathaiva ca ,
daiśikāścārakāścaiva tadaṣṭāṅgaṁ balaṁ smṛtam.
43. hastinaḥ aśvāḥ rathāḥ pattiḥ nāvaḥ viṣṭiḥ tathā eva
ca daiśikāḥ cārakāḥ ca eva tat aṣṭāṅgam balam smṛtam
43. hastinaḥ aśvāḥ rathāḥ pattiḥ nāvaḥ viṣṭiḥ tathā eva
ca daiśikāḥ cārakāḥ ca eva tat aṣṭāṅgam balam smṛtam
43. Elephants, horses, chariots, infantry, ships, and transport/logistical support (viṣṭi), as well as guides and spies – that is remembered as the eight-limbed force.
अष्टाङ्गस्य तु युक्तस्य हस्तिनो हस्तियायिनः ।
अश्वारोहाः पदाताश्च मन्त्रिणो रसदाश्च ये ॥४४॥
44. aṣṭāṅgasya tu yuktasya hastino hastiyāyinaḥ ,
aśvārohāḥ padātāśca mantriṇo rasadāśca ye.
44. aṣṭāṅgasya tu yuktasya hastinaḥ hastiyāyinaḥ
aśvārohāḥ padātāḥ ca mantriṇaḥ rasadāḥ ca ye
44. tu aṣṭāṅgasya yuktasya hastinaḥ hastiyāyinaḥ
aśvārohāḥ padātāḥ ca mantriṇaḥ rasadāḥ ca ye
44. And, indeed, pertaining to the equipped eight-limbed force are elephants, elephant-riders, cavalry, infantry, ministers (mantrin), and secret agents (rasada), and those who are...
भिक्षुकाः प्राड्विवाकाश्च मौहूर्ता दैवचिन्तकाः ।
कोशो मित्राणि धान्यं च सर्वोपकरणानि च ॥४५॥
45. bhikṣukāḥ prāḍvivākāśca mauhūrtā daivacintakāḥ ,
kośo mitrāṇi dhānyaṁ ca sarvopakaraṇāni ca.
45. bhikṣukāḥ prāḍvivākāḥ ca mauhūrtā daivacintakāḥ
kośaḥ mitrāṇi dhānyam ca sarvopakaraṇāni ca
45. bhikṣukāḥ prāḍvivākāḥ ca mauhūrtā daivacintakāḥ
kośaḥ mitrāṇi dhānyam ca sarvopakaraṇāni ca
45. ...ascetics, judges, astrologers, and diviners of fate; the treasury, allies, grain, and all equipment.
सप्तप्रकृति चाष्टाङ्गं शरीरमिह यद्विदुः ।
राज्यस्य दण्ड एवाङ्गं दण्डः प्रभव एव च ॥४६॥
46. saptaprakṛti cāṣṭāṅgaṁ śarīramiha yadviduḥ ,
rājyasya daṇḍa evāṅgaṁ daṇḍaḥ prabhava eva ca.
46. saptaprakṛti ca aṣṭāṅgam śarīram iha yat viduḥ
rājyasya daṇḍaḥ eva aṅgam daṇḍaḥ prabhavaḥ eva ca
46. iha yat rājyasya śarīram saptaprakṛti ca aṣṭāṅgam
viduḥ daṇḍaḥ eva aṅgam ca daṇḍaḥ eva prabhavaḥ
46. Here, they consider the state's structure to consist of seven natural elements (prakṛti) and to have eight components. Indeed, the rod of authority (daṇḍa) is a constituent of the state, and this authority (daṇḍa) is also its very source of power.
ईश्वरेण प्रयत्नेन धारणे क्षत्रियस्य हि ।
दण्डो दत्तः समानात्मा दण्डो हीदं सनातनम् ।
राज्ञां पूज्यतमो नान्यो यथाधर्मप्रदर्शनः ॥४७॥
47. īśvareṇa prayatnena dhāraṇe kṣatriyasya hi ,
daṇḍo dattaḥ samānātmā daṇḍo hīdaṁ sanātanam ,
rājñāṁ pūjyatamo nānyo yathādharmapradarśanaḥ.
47. īśvareṇa prayatnena dhāraṇe kṣatriyasya
hi daṇḍaḥ dattaḥ samānātmā daṇḍaḥ
hi idam sanātanam rājñām pūjyatamaḥ
na anyaḥ yathādharma pradarśanaḥ
47. hi daṇḍaḥ īśvareṇa prayatnena kṣatriyasya
dhāraṇe dattaḥ daṇḍaḥ samānātmā
hi daṇḍaḥ idam sanātanam rājñām na
anyaḥ pūjyatamaḥ yathādharma pradarśanaḥ
47. Indeed, the rod of authority (daṇḍa) was bestowed by the Lord with great effort upon the kshatriya (ruler) for its proper upholding. This authority (daṇḍa) is inherently impartial, and truly, it is an eternal principle (sanātana). Among kings, there is nothing else more venerable than this authority (daṇḍa) which perfectly manifests natural law (dharma).
ब्रह्मणा लोकरक्षार्थं स्वधर्मस्थापनाय च ।
भर्तृप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो व्यवहारस्तथापरः ।
तस्माद्यः सहितो दृष्टो भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः ॥४८॥
48. brahmaṇā lokarakṣārthaṁ svadharmasthāpanāya ca ,
bhartṛpratyaya utpanno vyavahārastathāparaḥ ,
tasmādyaḥ sahito dṛṣṭo bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ.
48. brahmaṇā lokarakṣārtham svadharmasthāpanāya
ca bhartṛpratyayaḥ utpannaḥ
vyavahāraḥ tathā aparaḥ tasmāt yaḥ
sahitaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ
48. brahmaṇā lokarakṣārtham ca
svadharmasthāpanāya vyavahāraḥ utpannaḥ tathā
aparaḥ bhartṛpratyayaḥ tasmāt yaḥ
sahitaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ
48. For the protection of the world and the establishment of natural law (dharma), vyavahāra (legal procedure) was brought forth by Brahma. Another type (of vyavahāra) also arises from the king's decree (bhartṛpratyaya). Therefore, whatever legal procedure is observed to be endowed with the characteristic of the king's decree (bhartṛpratyaya) is considered valid.
व्यवहारस्तु वेदात्मा वेदप्रत्यय उच्यते ।
मौलश्च नरशार्दूल शास्त्रोक्तश्च तथापरः ॥४९॥
49. vyavahārastu vedātmā vedapratyaya ucyate ,
maulaśca naraśārdūla śāstroktaśca tathāparaḥ.
49. vyavahāraḥ tu vedātmā vedapratyayaḥ ucyate maulaḥ
ca narashārdūla śāstroktah ca tathā aparaḥ
49. tu vyavahāraḥ vedātmā vedapratyayaḥ ucyate
narashārdūla ca maulaḥ ca tathā aparaḥ śāstroktah
49. However, vyavahāra (legal procedure) is declared to be essentially rooted in the Veda (vedātmā) and to draw its authority from the Veda (vedapratyaya). Furthermore, O tiger among men (narashārdūla), there is the fundamental (maula) type, and likewise, another (type) is that which is explicitly stated in the scriptures (śāstroktah).
उक्तो यश्चापि दण्डोऽसौ भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः ।
ज्ञेयो न स नरेन्द्रस्थो दण्डप्रत्यय एव च ॥५०॥
50. ukto yaścāpi daṇḍo'sau bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ ,
jñeyo na sa narendrastho daṇḍapratyaya eva ca.
50. uktaḥ yaḥ ca api daṇḍaḥ asau bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ
| jñeyaḥ na saḥ narendrasthaḥ daṇḍapratyaya eva ca
50. ca yaḥ api asau daṇḍaḥ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ uktaḥ,
saḥ na narendrasthaḥ jñeyaḥ,
ca eva na daṇḍapratyayaḥ (jñeyaḥ)
50. And that system of governance (daṇḍa), which is characterized by the king's (bhartṛ) conviction, should not be understood as solely dependent on the king, nor as merely based on the concept of punishment (daṇḍa) itself.
दण्डप्रत्ययदृष्टोऽपि व्यवहारात्मकः स्मृतः ।
व्यवहारः स्मृतो यश्च स वेदविषयात्मकः ॥५१॥
51. daṇḍapratyayadṛṣṭo'pi vyavahārātmakaḥ smṛtaḥ ,
vyavahāraḥ smṛto yaśca sa vedaviṣayātmakaḥ.
51. daṇḍapratyayadṛṣṭaḥ api vyavahārātmakaḥ smṛtaḥ
| vyavahāraḥ smṛtaḥ yaḥ ca saḥ vedaviṣayātmakaḥ
51. daṇḍapratyayadṛṣṭaḥ api (saḥ) vyavahārātmakaḥ smṛtaḥ ca yaḥ vyavahāraḥ smṛtaḥ,
saḥ vedaviṣayātmakaḥ (smṛtaḥ)
51. Even if it (daṇḍa) is perceived as originating from the concept of punishment (daṇḍa) itself, it is traditionally regarded as being intrinsically linked to judicial practice (vyavahāra). And that judicial practice (vyavahāra) is understood to be intrinsically related to the subject matter of the Vedas.
यश्च वेदप्रसूतात्मा स धर्मो गुणदर्शकः ।
धर्मप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो यथाधर्मः कृतात्मभिः ॥५२॥
52. yaśca vedaprasūtātmā sa dharmo guṇadarśakaḥ ,
dharmapratyaya utpanno yathādharmaḥ kṛtātmabhiḥ.
52. yaḥ ca vedaprasūtātmā saḥ dharmaḥ guṇadarśakaḥ |
dharmapratyayaḥ utpannaḥ yathādharmaḥ kṛtātmabhiḥ
52. ca yaḥ vedaprasūtātmā,
saḥ guṇadarśakaḥ dharmaḥ (asti) dharmapratyayaḥ utpannaḥ (asti),
(yena) kṛtātmabhiḥ yathādharmaḥ (ācarati)
52. That which has its intrinsic nature (ātman) born from the Vedas is (natural law) dharma, which reveals merits. When conviction in (natural law) dharma arises, righteous conduct (yathādharma) is practiced by those who have perfected their self (ātman).
व्यवहारः प्रजागोप्ता ब्रह्मदिष्टो युधिष्ठिर ।
त्रीन्धारयति लोकान्वै सत्यात्मा भूतिवर्धनः ॥५३॥
53. vyavahāraḥ prajāgoptā brahmadiṣṭo yudhiṣṭhira ,
trīndhārayati lokānvai satyātmā bhūtivardhanaḥ.
53. vyavahāraḥ prajāgoptā brahmadiṣṭaḥ yudhiṣṭhira |
trīn dhārayati lokān vai satyātmā bhūtivardhanaḥ
53. yudhiṣṭhira,
prajāgoptā brahmadiṣṭaḥ vyavahāraḥ (asti) vai (saḥ) trīn lokān dhārayati,
(yaḥ) satyātmā bhūtivardhanaḥ ca (asti)
53. Judicial practice (vyavahāra), O Yudhiṣṭhira, is the protector of the subjects and is ordained by Brahman (brahman). Indeed, it sustains the three worlds, being essentially truthful (satyātman) and augmenting prosperity.
यश्च दण्डः स दृष्टो नो व्यवहारः सनातनः ।
व्यवहारश्च यो दृष्टः स धर्म इति नः श्रुतः ।
यश्च वेदः स वै धर्मो यश्च धर्मः स सत्पथः ॥५४॥
54. yaśca daṇḍaḥ sa dṛṣṭo no vyavahāraḥ sanātanaḥ ,
vyavahāraśca yo dṛṣṭaḥ sa dharma iti naḥ śrutaḥ ,
yaśca vedaḥ sa vai dharmo yaśca dharmaḥ sa satpathaḥ.
54. yaḥ ca daṇḍaḥ sa dṛṣṭaḥ naḥ vyavahāraḥ
sanātanaḥ | vyavahāraḥ ca yaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ sa
dharmaḥ iti naḥ śrutaḥ | yaḥ ca vedaḥ
sa vai dharmaḥ yaḥ ca dharmaḥ sa satpathaḥ
54. yaḥ ca daṇḍaḥ sa naḥ sanātanaḥ vyavahāraḥ
dṛṣṭaḥ yaḥ ca vyavahāraḥ dṛṣṭaḥ sa
naḥ dharmaḥ iti śrutaḥ yaḥ ca vedaḥ sa
vai dharmaḥ yaḥ ca dharmaḥ sa satpathaḥ
54. The system of governance or law (daṇḍa) that we observe is considered the eternal legal practice (vyavahāra). And the legal practice (vyavahāra) that is observed, that is what we have traditionally understood as natural law (dharma). Moreover, what is the Veda, that indeed constitutes natural law (dharma); and what is natural law (dharma), that is the path of righteousness.
ब्रह्मा प्रजापतिः पूर्वं बभूवाथ पितामहः ।
लोकानां स हि सर्वेषां ससुरासुररक्षसाम् ।
समनुष्योरगवतां कर्ता चैव स भूतकृत् ॥५५॥
55. brahmā prajāpatiḥ pūrvaṁ babhūvātha pitāmahaḥ ,
lokānāṁ sa hi sarveṣāṁ sasurāsurarakṣasām ,
samanuṣyoragavatāṁ kartā caiva sa bhūtakṛt.
55. brahmā prajāpatiḥ pūrvam babhūva atha
pitāmahaḥ | lokānām sa hi sarveṣām
sa-sura-asura-rakṣasām |
sa-manuṣya-uragavatām kartā ca eva sa bhūtakṛt
55. pūrvam brahmā prajāpatiḥ atha
pitāmahaḥ babhūva sa hi sarveṣām
lokānām sasurāsurarakṣasām samanuṣyoragavatām
kartā ca eva sa bhūtakṛt
55. Brahma, the Prajapati (lord of creation) and the grandfather (pitāmaha), existed initially. He is indeed the creator of all worlds (loka) – those inhabited by gods (sura), asuras, rākṣasas, humans (manuṣya), and serpents (uraga) – and he is verily the maker of all creatures (bhūtakṛt).
ततो नो व्यवहारोऽयं भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः ।
तस्मादिदमवोचाम व्यवहारनिदर्शनम् ॥५६॥
56. tato no vyavahāro'yaṁ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ ,
tasmādidamavocāma vyavahāranidarśanam.
56. tataḥ naḥ vyavahāraḥ ayam bhartṛ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ
| tasmāt idam avocāma vyavahāra-nidarśanam
56. tataḥ ayam naḥ vyavahāraḥ bhartṛ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ
tasmāt idam vyavahāra-nidarśanam avocāma
56. Consequently, this legal practice (vyavahāra) of ours is distinguished by the conviction or trust of the ruler (bhartṛ). Therefore, we have presented this exposition (nidārśanam) of legal procedure (vyavahāra).
माता पिता च भ्राता च भार्या चाथ पुरोहितः ।
नादण्ड्यो विद्यते राज्ञां यः स्वधर्मे न तिष्ठति ॥५७॥
57. mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā cātha purohitaḥ ,
nādaṇḍyo vidyate rājñāṁ yaḥ svadharme na tiṣṭhati.
57. mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā ca atha purohitaḥ | na
adaṇḍyaḥ vidyate rājñām yaḥ sva-dharme na tiṣṭhati
57. mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā ca atha purohitaḥ yaḥ sva-dharme na tiṣṭhati,
[saḥ] rājñām na adaṇḍyaḥ vidyate
57. Neither mother, nor father, nor brother, nor wife, nor even the family priest (purohita) is exempt from punishment by kings if that person does not uphold their own natural law (sva-dharma).

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ādi parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Chapter 151 Chapter 152 Chapter 153 Chapter 154 Chapter 155 Chapter 156 Chapter 157 Chapter 158 Chapter 159 Chapter 160 Chapter 161 Chapter 162 Chapter 163 Chapter 164 Chapter 165 Chapter 166 Chapter 167 Chapter 168 Chapter 169 Chapter 170 Chapter 171 Chapter 172 Chapter 173 Chapter 174 Chapter 175 Chapter 176 Chapter 177 Chapter 178 Chapter 179 Chapter 180 Chapter 181 Chapter 182 Chapter 183 Chapter 184 Chapter 185 Chapter 186 Chapter 187 Chapter 188 Chapter 189 Chapter 190 Chapter 191 Chapter 192 Chapter 193 Chapter 194 Chapter 195 Chapter 196 Chapter 197 Chapter 198 Chapter 199 Chapter 200 Chapter 201 Chapter 202 Chapter 203 Chapter 204 Chapter 205 Chapter 206 Chapter 207 Chapter 208 Chapter 209 Chapter 210 Chapter 211 Chapter 212 Chapter 213 Chapter 214 Chapter 215 Chapter 216 Chapter 217 Chapter 218 Chapter 219 Chapter 220 Chapter 221 Chapter 222 Chapter 223 Chapter 224 Chapter 225

sabhā parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72

vana parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Chapter 151 Chapter 152 Chapter 153 Chapter 154 Chapter 155 Chapter 156 Chapter 157 Chapter 158 Chapter 159 Chapter 160 Chapter 161 Chapter 162 Chapter 163 Chapter 164 Chapter 165 Chapter 166 Chapter 167 Chapter 168 Chapter 169 Chapter 170 Chapter 171 Chapter 172 Chapter 173 Chapter 174 Chapter 175 Chapter 176 Chapter 177 Chapter 178 Chapter 179 Chapter 180 Chapter 181 Chapter 182 Chapter 183 Chapter 184 Chapter 185 Chapter 186 Chapter 187 Chapter 188 Chapter 189 Chapter 190 Chapter 191 Chapter 192 Chapter 193 Chapter 194 Chapter 195 Chapter 196 Chapter 197 Chapter 198 Chapter 199 Chapter 200 Chapter 201 Chapter 202 Chapter 203 Chapter 204 Chapter 205 Chapter 206 Chapter 207 Chapter 208 Chapter 209 Chapter 210 Chapter 211 Chapter 212 Chapter 213 Chapter 214 Chapter 215 Chapter 216 Chapter 217 Chapter 218 Chapter 219 Chapter 220 Chapter 221 Chapter 222 Chapter 223 Chapter 224 Chapter 225 Chapter 226 Chapter 227 Chapter 228 Chapter 229 Chapter 230 Chapter 231 Chapter 232 Chapter 233 Chapter 234 Chapter 235 Chapter 236 Chapter 237 Chapter 238 Chapter 239 Chapter 240 Chapter 241 Chapter 242 Chapter 243 Chapter 244 Chapter 245 Chapter 246 Chapter 247 Chapter 248 Chapter 249 Chapter 250 Chapter 251 Chapter 252 Chapter 253 Chapter 254 Chapter 255 Chapter 256 Chapter 257 Chapter 258 Chapter 259 Chapter 260 Chapter 261 Chapter 262 Chapter 263 Chapter 264 Chapter 265 Chapter 266 Chapter 267 Chapter 268 Chapter 269 Chapter 270 Chapter 271 Chapter 272 Chapter 273 Chapter 274 Chapter 275 Chapter 276 Chapter 277 Chapter 278 Chapter 279 Chapter 280 Chapter 281 Chapter 282 Chapter 283 Chapter 284 Chapter 285 Chapter 286 Chapter 287 Chapter 288 Chapter 289 Chapter 290 Chapter 291 Chapter 292 Chapter 293 Chapter 294 Chapter 295 Chapter 296 Chapter 297 Chapter 298 Chapter 299

virāṭa parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67

udyoga parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Chapter 151 Chapter 152 Chapter 153 Chapter 154 Chapter 155 Chapter 156 Chapter 157 Chapter 158 Chapter 159 Chapter 160 Chapter 161 Chapter 162 Chapter 163 Chapter 164 Chapter 165 Chapter 166 Chapter 167 Chapter 168 Chapter 169 Chapter 170 Chapter 171 Chapter 172 Chapter 173 Chapter 174 Chapter 175 Chapter 176 Chapter 177 Chapter 178 Chapter 179 Chapter 180 Chapter 181 Chapter 182 Chapter 183 Chapter 184 Chapter 185 Chapter 186 Chapter 187 Chapter 188 Chapter 189 Chapter 190 Chapter 191 Chapter 192 Chapter 193 Chapter 194 Chapter 195 Chapter 196 Chapter 197

bhīṣma parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117

droṇa parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Chapter 151 Chapter 152 Chapter 153 Chapter 154 Chapter 155 Chapter 156 Chapter 157 Chapter 158 Chapter 159 Chapter 160 Chapter 161 Chapter 162 Chapter 163 Chapter 164 Chapter 165 Chapter 166 Chapter 167 Chapter 168 Chapter 169 Chapter 170 Chapter 171 Chapter 172 Chapter 173

karṇa parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69

śalya parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64

sauptika parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18

strī parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27

śānti parva (current book)

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 (current chapter) Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Chapter 151 Chapter 152 Chapter 153 Chapter 154 Chapter 155 Chapter 156 Chapter 157 Chapter 158 Chapter 159 Chapter 160 Chapter 161 Chapter 162 Chapter 163 Chapter 164 Chapter 165 Chapter 166 Chapter 167 Chapter 168 Chapter 169 Chapter 170 Chapter 171 Chapter 172 Chapter 173 Chapter 174 Chapter 175 Chapter 176 Chapter 177 Chapter 178 Chapter 179 Chapter 180 Chapter 181 Chapter 182 Chapter 183 Chapter 184 Chapter 185 Chapter 186 Chapter 187 Chapter 188 Chapter 189 Chapter 190 Chapter 191 Chapter 192 Chapter 193 Chapter 194 Chapter 195 Chapter 196 Chapter 197 Chapter 198 Chapter 199 Chapter 200 Chapter 201 Chapter 202 Chapter 203 Chapter 204 Chapter 205 Chapter 206 Chapter 207 Chapter 208 Chapter 209 Chapter 210 Chapter 211 Chapter 212 Chapter 213 Chapter 214 Chapter 215 Chapter 216 Chapter 217 Chapter 218 Chapter 219 Chapter 220 Chapter 221 Chapter 222 Chapter 223 Chapter 224 Chapter 225 Chapter 226 Chapter 227 Chapter 228 Chapter 229 Chapter 230 Chapter 231 Chapter 232 Chapter 233 Chapter 234 Chapter 235 Chapter 236 Chapter 237 Chapter 238 Chapter 239 Chapter 240 Chapter 241 Chapter 242 Chapter 243 Chapter 244 Chapter 245 Chapter 246 Chapter 247 Chapter 248 Chapter 249 Chapter 250 Chapter 251 Chapter 252 Chapter 253 Chapter 254 Chapter 255 Chapter 256 Chapter 257 Chapter 258 Chapter 259 Chapter 260 Chapter 261 Chapter 262 Chapter 263 Chapter 264 Chapter 265 Chapter 266 Chapter 267 Chapter 268 Chapter 269 Chapter 270 Chapter 271 Chapter 272 Chapter 273 Chapter 274 Chapter 275 Chapter 276 Chapter 277 Chapter 278 Chapter 279 Chapter 280 Chapter 281 Chapter 282 Chapter 283 Chapter 284 Chapter 285 Chapter 286 Chapter 287 Chapter 288 Chapter 289 Chapter 290 Chapter 291 Chapter 292 Chapter 293 Chapter 294 Chapter 295 Chapter 296 Chapter 297 Chapter 298 Chapter 299 Chapter 300 Chapter 301 Chapter 302 Chapter 303 Chapter 304 Chapter 305 Chapter 306 Chapter 307 Chapter 308 Chapter 309 Chapter 310 Chapter 311 Chapter 312 Chapter 313 Chapter 314 Chapter 315 Chapter 316 Chapter 317 Chapter 318 Chapter 319 Chapter 320 Chapter 321 Chapter 322 Chapter 323 Chapter 324 Chapter 325 Chapter 326 Chapter 327 Chapter 328 Chapter 329 Chapter 330 Chapter 331 Chapter 332 Chapter 333 Chapter 334 Chapter 335 Chapter 336 Chapter 337 Chapter 338 Chapter 339 Chapter 340 Chapter 341 Chapter 342 Chapter 343 Chapter 344 Chapter 345 Chapter 346 Chapter 347 Chapter 348 Chapter 349 Chapter 350 Chapter 351 Chapter 352 Chapter 353

anuśāsana parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Chapter 151 Chapter 152 Chapter 153 Chapter 154

aśvamedhika parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96

āśramavāsika parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47

mausala parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9

mahāprasthānika parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3

svargārohaṇa parva

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5