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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-316

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भीष्म उवाच ।
एतस्मिन्नन्तरे शून्ये नारदः समुपागमत् ।
शुकं स्वाध्यायनिरतं वेदार्थान्वक्तुमीप्सितान् ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etasminnantare śūnye nāradaḥ samupāgamat ,
śukaṁ svādhyāyanirataṁ vedārthānvaktumīpsitān.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etasmin antare śūnye nāradaḥ samupāgamat
śukam svādhyāyaniratam vedārthān vaktum īpsitān
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etasmin śūnye antare nāradaḥ svādhyāyaniratam
śukam īpsitān vedārthān vaktum samupāgamat
1. Bhishma said: During this solitary period, Narada approached Shuka, who was absorbed in his scriptural (svādhyāya) studies, in order to explain the desired meanings of the Vedas.
देवर्षिं तु शुको दृष्ट्वा नारदं समुपस्थितम् ।
अर्घ्यपूर्वेण विधिना वेदोक्तेनाभ्यपूजयत् ॥२॥
2. devarṣiṁ tu śuko dṛṣṭvā nāradaṁ samupasthitam ,
arghyapūrveṇa vidhinā vedoktenābhyapūjayat.
2. devarṣim tu śukaḥ dṛṣṭvā nāradam samupasthitam
arghyapūrveṇa vidhinā vedoktena abhyapūjayat
2. śukaḥ tu samupasthitam devarṣim nāradam dṛṣṭvā
arghyapūrveṇa vedoktena vidhinā abhyapūjayat
2. Shuka, upon seeing the divine sage (devarṣi) Narada, who had arrived, worshipped him according to the Vedic ritual, beginning with the offering of water (arghya).
नारदोऽथाब्रवीत्प्रीतो ब्रूहि ब्रह्मविदां वर ।
केन त्वां श्रेयसा तात योजयामीति हृष्टवत् ॥३॥
3. nārado'thābravītprīto brūhi brahmavidāṁ vara ,
kena tvāṁ śreyasā tāta yojayāmīti hṛṣṭavat.
3. nāradaḥ atha abravīt prītaḥ brūhi brahmavidām
vara kena tvām śreyasā tāta yojayāmi iti hṛṣṭavat
3. atha prītaḥ nāradaḥ abravīt brahmavidām vara tāta,
kena śreyasā tvām yojayāmi iti hṛṣṭavat
3. Then Narada, delighted, said: "O best among the knowers of brahman (brahmavit), tell me, dear one, how I may connect you with ultimate welfare." He spoke joyfully.
नारदस्य वचः श्रुत्वा शुकः प्रोवाच भारत ।
अस्मिँल्लोके हितं यत्स्यात्तेन मां योक्तुमर्हसि ॥४॥
4. nāradasya vacaḥ śrutvā śukaḥ provāca bhārata ,
asmiँlloke hitaṁ yatsyāttena māṁ yoktumarhasi.
4. nāradasya vacaḥ śrutvā śukaḥ provāca bhārata
asmin loke hitam yat syāt tena mām yoktum arhasi
4. bhārata nāradasya vacaḥ śrutvā śukaḥ provāca
asmin loke yat hitam syāt tena mām yoktum arhasi
4. Having heard Nārada's words, Śuka said, 'O Bhārata, you should instruct me on what would be beneficial in this world.'
नारद उवाच ।
तत्त्वं जिज्ञासतां पूर्वमृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् ।
सनत्कुमारो भगवानिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥५॥
5. nārada uvāca ,
tattvaṁ jijñāsatāṁ pūrvamṛṣīṇāṁ bhāvitātmanām ,
sanatkumāro bhagavānidaṁ vacanamabravīt.
5. nārada uvāca tattvam jijñāsatām pūrvam ṛṣīṇām
bhāvitātmanām sanatkumāraḥ bhagavān idam vacanam abravīt
5. nārada uvāca pūrvam tattvam jijñāsatām bhāvitātmanām
ṛṣīṇām sanatkumāraḥ bhagavān idam vacanam abravīt
5. Nārada said: Formerly, to the sages whose inner selves (ātman) were refined and who were desirous of knowing the truth, the venerable Sanatkumāra spoke these words.
नास्ति विद्यासमं चक्षुर्नास्ति विद्यासमं तपः ।
नास्ति रागसमं दुःखं नास्ति त्यागसमं सुखम् ॥६॥
6. nāsti vidyāsamaṁ cakṣurnāsti vidyāsamaṁ tapaḥ ,
nāsti rāgasamaṁ duḥkhaṁ nāsti tyāgasamaṁ sukham.
6. na asti vidyāsamam cakṣuḥ na asti vidyāsamam tapaḥ
na asti rāgasamam duḥkham na asti tyāgasamam sukham
6. vidyāsamam cakṣuḥ na asti vidyāsamam tapaḥ na
asti rāgasamam duḥkham na asti tyāgasamam sukham
6. There is no insight superior to knowledge, no spiritual discipline (tapas) comparable to knowledge. There is no suffering equal to attachment, and no happiness equal to renunciation.
निवृत्तिः कर्मणः पापात्सततं पुण्यशीलता ।
सद्वृत्तिः समुदाचारः श्रेय एतदनुत्तमम् ॥७॥
7. nivṛttiḥ karmaṇaḥ pāpātsatataṁ puṇyaśīlatā ,
sadvṛttiḥ samudācāraḥ śreya etadanuttamam.
7. nivṛttiḥ karmaṇaḥ pāpāt satatam puṇyaśīlatā
sadvṛttiḥ samudācāraḥ śreyaḥ etat anuttamam
7. pāpāt karmaṇaḥ nivṛttiḥ satatam puṇyaśīlatā
sadvṛttiḥ samudācāraḥ etat anuttamam śreyaḥ
7. Abstention from evil actions (karma), constant virtuous conduct, upright behavior, and proper manners – this is the unsurpassed supreme good.
मानुष्यमसुखं प्राप्य यः सज्जति स मुह्यति ।
नालं स दुःखमोक्षाय सङ्गो वै दुःखलक्षणम् ॥८॥
8. mānuṣyamasukhaṁ prāpya yaḥ sajjati sa muhyati ,
nālaṁ sa duḥkhamokṣāya saṅgo vai duḥkhalakṣaṇam.
8. mānuṣyam asukham prāpya yaḥ sajjati saḥ muhyati na
alam saḥ duḥkhamokṣāya saṅgaḥ vai duḥkhalakṣaṇam
8. yaḥ asukham mānuṣyam prāpya sajjati saḥ muhyati
saḥ duḥkhamokṣāya na alam vai saṅgaḥ duḥkhalakṣaṇam
8. Whoever, having attained a human life (mānuṣya) that is inherently fraught with unhappiness, becomes attached, he becomes deluded. Such a person is not capable of liberation (mokṣa) from suffering, for attachment is indeed the very nature of suffering.
सक्तस्य बुद्धिश्चलति मोहजालविवर्धिनी ।
मोहजालावृतो दुःखमिह चामुत्र चाश्नुते ॥९॥
9. saktasya buddhiścalati mohajālavivardhinī ,
mohajālāvṛto duḥkhamiha cāmutra cāśnute.
9. saktasya buddhiḥ calati mohajālavivardhinī
mohajālāvṛtaḥ duḥkham iha ca amutra ca aśnute
9. saktasya buddhiḥ mohajālavivardhinī calati
mohajālāvṛtaḥ duḥkham iha ca amutra ca aśnute
9. The intellect (buddhi) of one who is attached becomes unsteady, thereby increasing the net of delusion. One enveloped by this net of delusion experiences suffering both in this world and in the next.
सर्वोपायेन कामस्य क्रोधस्य च विनिग्रहः ।
कार्यः श्रेयोर्थिना तौ हि श्रेयोघातार्थमुद्यतौ ॥१०॥
10. sarvopāyena kāmasya krodhasya ca vinigrahaḥ ,
kāryaḥ śreyorthinā tau hi śreyoghātārthamudyatau.
10. sarvopāyena kāmasya krodhasya ca vinigrahaḥ kāryaḥ
śreyo-arthinā tau hi śreyoghātārtham udyatau
10. śreyo-arthinā kāmasya ca krodhasya vinigrahaḥ
sarvopāyena kāryaḥ hi tau śreyoghātārtham udyatau
10. Control over desire (kāma) and anger should be exercised by all means by one who seeks welfare, for these two are indeed ever-ready to destroy one's well-being.
नित्यं क्रोधात्तपो रक्षेच्छ्रियं रक्षेत मत्सरात् ।
विद्यां मानावमानाभ्यामात्मानं तु प्रमादतः ॥११॥
11. nityaṁ krodhāttapo rakṣecchriyaṁ rakṣeta matsarāt ,
vidyāṁ mānāvamānābhyāmātmānaṁ tu pramādataḥ.
11. nityam krodhāt tapaḥ rakṣet śriyam rakṣeta matsarāt
vidyām mānāpamānābhyām ātmānam tu pramādataḥ
11. nityam krodhāt tapaḥ rakṣet matsarāt śriyam rakṣeta
mānāpamānābhyām vidyām tu pramādataḥ ātmānam
11. One should always protect one's austerity (tapas) from anger, and prosperity from envy. One should guard knowledge (vidyā) from both honor and dishonor, and the self (ātman) from negligence.
आनृशंस्यं परो धर्मः क्षमा च परमं बलम् ।
आत्मज्ञानं परं ज्ञानं न सत्याद्विद्यते परम् ॥१२॥
12. ānṛśaṁsyaṁ paro dharmaḥ kṣamā ca paramaṁ balam ,
ātmajñānaṁ paraṁ jñānaṁ na satyādvidyate param.
12. ānṛśaṃsyam paraḥ dharmaḥ kṣamā ca paramam balam
ātmajñānam param jñānam na satyāt vidyate param
12. ānṛśaṃsyam paraḥ dharmaḥ kṣamā ca paramam balam
ātmajñānam param jñānam satyāt param na vidyate
12. Non-cruelty is the highest righteous conduct (dharma); forgiveness is the supreme strength. Knowledge of the self (ātman) is the supreme knowledge, and nothing higher than truth exists.
सत्यस्य वचनं श्रेयः सत्यादपि हितं भवेत् ।
यद्भूतहितमत्यन्तमेतत्सत्यं मतं मम ॥१३॥
13. satyasya vacanaṁ śreyaḥ satyādapi hitaṁ bhavet ,
yadbhūtahitamatyantametatsatyaṁ mataṁ mama.
13. satyasya vacanam śreyaḥ satyāt api hitam bhavet
yat bhūtahitam atyantam etat satyam matam mama
13. satyasya vacanam śreyaḥ hitam api satyāt bhavet
yat atyantam bhūtahitam etat satyam mama matam
13. Speaking the truth is superior; however, that which is beneficial may be even more important than mere truth. Whatever is supremely beneficial to all beings, that is considered truth by me.
सर्वारम्भफलत्यागी निराशीर्निष्परिग्रहः ।
येन सर्वं परित्यक्तं स विद्वान्स च पण्डितः ॥१४॥
14. sarvārambhaphalatyāgī nirāśīrniṣparigrahaḥ ,
yena sarvaṁ parityaktaṁ sa vidvānsa ca paṇḍitaḥ.
14. sarvārambhaphalatyāgī nirāśīḥ niṣparigrahaḥ yena
sarvam parityaktam saḥ vidvān saḥ ca paṇḍitaḥ
14. sarvārambhaphalatyāgī nirāśīḥ niṣparigrahaḥ yena
sarvam parityaktam saḥ vidvān saḥ ca paṇḍitaḥ
14. One who has renounced the fruits of all undertakings, who is free from desires, and non-possessive; he, by whom everything has been completely abandoned, is truly learned and he is truly wise.
इन्द्रियैरिन्द्रियार्थेभ्यश्चरत्यात्मवशैरिह ।
असज्जमानः शान्तात्मा निर्विकारः समाहितः ॥१५॥
15. indriyairindriyārthebhyaścaratyātmavaśairiha ,
asajjamānaḥ śāntātmā nirvikāraḥ samāhitaḥ.
15. indriyaiḥ indriyārthebhyaḥ carati ātmavaśaiḥ
iha asajjamānaḥ śāntātmā nirvikāraḥ samāhitaḥ
15. iha asajjamānaḥ śāntātmā nirvikāraḥ samāhitaḥ
ātmavaśaiḥ indriyaiḥ indriyārthebhyaḥ carati
15. Here, he moves among the sense objects with his senses brought under self-control; remaining unattached, with a peaceful self (ātman), unchanging, and composed.
आत्मभूतैरतद्भूतः सह चैव विनैव च ।
स विमुक्तः परं श्रेयो नचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥१६॥
16. ātmabhūtairatadbhūtaḥ saha caiva vinaiva ca ,
sa vimuktaḥ paraṁ śreyo nacireṇādhigacchati.
16. ātma-bhūtaiḥ atad-bhūtaḥ saha ca eva vinā eva ca
saḥ vimuktaḥ param śreyaḥ na cireṇa adhigacchati
16. saḥ vimuktaḥ ātma-bhūtaiḥ atad-bhūtaḥ saha ca eva
vinā eva ca na cireṇa param śreyaḥ adhigacchati
16. He who, though involved with or possessing things that have become his own self (ātman), is not identified with them, whether associated or dissociated, that liberated person swiftly achieves the ultimate welfare (śreyaḥ).
अदर्शनमसंस्पर्शस्तथासंभाषणं सदा ।
यस्य भूतैः सह मुने स श्रेयो विन्दते परम् ॥१७॥
17. adarśanamasaṁsparśastathāsaṁbhāṣaṇaṁ sadā ,
yasya bhūtaiḥ saha mune sa śreyo vindate param.
17. adarśanam asaṃsparśaḥ tathā asaṃbhāṣaṇam sadā
yasya bhūtaiḥ saha mune saḥ śreyaḥ vindate param
17. mune yasya adarśanam asaṃsparśaḥ tathā asaṃbhāṣaṇam
bhūtaiḥ saha sadā saḥ param śreyaḥ vindate
17. O sage, he who always maintains non-seeing, non-contact, and non-conversation with other beings, that person attains the supreme welfare.
न हिंस्यात्सर्वभूतानि मैत्रायणगतश्चरेत् ।
नेदं जन्म समासाद्य वैरं कुर्वीत केनचित् ॥१८॥
18. na hiṁsyātsarvabhūtāni maitrāyaṇagataścaret ,
nedaṁ janma samāsādya vairaṁ kurvīta kenacit.
18. na hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtāni maitrāyaṇa-gataḥ caret
na idam janma samāsādya vairam kurvīta kenacit
18. sarva-bhūtāni na hiṃsyāt maitrāyaṇa-gataḥ caret
idam janma samāsādya kenacit vairam na kurvīta
18. One should not harm any living beings. One should live, having adopted a path of benevolence. Having attained this human birth, one should not foster enmity with anyone.
आकिंचन्यं सुसंतोषो निराशीष्ट्वमचापलम् ।
एतदाहुः परं श्रेय आत्मज्ञस्य जितात्मनः ॥१९॥
19. ākiṁcanyaṁ susaṁtoṣo nirāśīṣṭvamacāpalam ,
etadāhuḥ paraṁ śreya ātmajñasya jitātmanaḥ.
19. ākiṃcanyam su-saṃtoṣaḥ nir-āśīṣ-tvam a-cāpalam
etat āhuḥ param śreyaḥ ātma-jñasya jita-ātmanaḥ
19. ākiṃcanyam su-saṃtoṣaḥ nir-āśīṣ-tvam a-cāpalam
etat ātma-jñasya jita-ātmanaḥ param śreyaḥ āhuḥ
19. Non-possessiveness, great contentment, freedom from desires, and steadfastness – these qualities, they say, constitute the supreme welfare for one who knows the (ātman) self and has conquered the (ātman) self.
परिग्रहं परित्यज्य भव तात जितेन्द्रियः ।
अशोकं स्थानमातिष्ठ इह चामुत्र चाभयम् ॥२०॥
20. parigrahaṁ parityajya bhava tāta jitendriyaḥ ,
aśokaṁ sthānamātiṣṭha iha cāmutra cābhayam.
20. parigraham parityajya bhava tāta jitendriyaḥ |
aśokam sthānam ātiṣṭha iha ca amutra ca abhayam
20. tāta parigraham parityajya jitendriyaḥ bhava
iha ca amutra ca aśokam abhayam sthānam ātiṣṭha
20. O dear one, abandoning all attachments, become one who has mastered their senses. Attain a state free from sorrow, a secure refuge both in this world and the next.
निरामिषा न शोचन्ति त्यजेहामिषमात्मनः ।
परित्यज्यामिषं सौम्य दुःखतापाद्विमोक्ष्यसे ॥२१॥
21. nirāmiṣā na śocanti tyajehāmiṣamātmanaḥ ,
parityajyāmiṣaṁ saumya duḥkhatāpādvimokṣyase.
21. nirāmiṣāḥ na śocanti tyaja iha āmiṣam ātmanaḥ |
parityajya āmiṣam saumya duḥkhatāpāt vimokṣyase
21. nirāmiṣāḥ na śocanti iha ātmanaḥ āmiṣam tyaja
saumya āmiṣam parityajya duḥkhatāpāt vimokṣyase
21. Those who are free from worldly attachments do not grieve. Therefore, abandon desire for yourself (ātman) in this life. O gentle one, having relinquished attachment, you will be liberated (mokṣa) from suffering and distress.
तपोनित्येन दान्तेन मुनिना संयतात्मना ।
अजितं जेतुकामेन भाव्यं सङ्गेष्वसङ्गिना ॥२२॥
22. taponityena dāntena muninā saṁyatātmanā ,
ajitaṁ jetukāmena bhāvyaṁ saṅgeṣvasaṅginā.
22. taponityena dāntena muninā saṃyatātmanā |
ajitam jetukāmena bhāvyam saṅgeṣu asaṅginā
22. taponityena dāntena saṃyatātmanā muninā
ajitam jetukāmena saṅgeṣu asaṅginā bhāvyam
22. A sage (muni) who is constantly devoted to spiritual discipline (tapas), self-controlled, and has a disciplined self (ātman), desiring to conquer that which is unconquered, must remain unattached to worldly attachments.
गुणसङ्गेष्वनासक्त एकचर्यारतः सदा ।
ब्राह्मणो नचिरादेव सुखमायात्यनुत्तमम् ॥२३॥
23. guṇasaṅgeṣvanāsakta ekacaryārataḥ sadā ,
brāhmaṇo nacirādeva sukhamāyātyanuttamam.
23. guṇasaṅgeṣu anāsaktaḥ ekacaryārataḥ sadā |
brāhmaṇaḥ na cirāt eva sukham āyāti anuttamam
23. guṇasaṅgeṣu anāsaktaḥ ekacaryārataḥ sadā
brāhmaṇaḥ na cirāt eva anuttamam sukham āyāti
23. Unattached to the entanglement with the qualities (guṇa), always devoted to a solitary life, such a brāhmaṇa (brāhmaṇa) very soon attains unsurpassed happiness.
द्वंद्वारामेषु भूतेषु य एको रमते मुनिः ।
विद्धि प्रज्ञानतृप्तं तं ज्ञानतृप्तो न शोचति ॥२४॥
24. dvaṁdvārāmeṣu bhūteṣu ya eko ramate muniḥ ,
viddhi prajñānatṛptaṁ taṁ jñānatṛpto na śocati.
24. dvandvārāmeṣu bhūteṣu yaḥ ekaḥ ramate muniḥ
viddhi prajñānatṛptaṃ taṃ jñānatṛptaḥ na śocati
24. yaḥ ekaḥ muniḥ dvandvārāmeṣu bhūteṣu ramate,
taṃ prajñānatṛptaṃ viddhi.
jñānatṛptaḥ na śocati.
24. Among beings who delight in dualities, the sage who rejoices alone (in the self) - know him to be satisfied with profound understanding. One who is satisfied with knowledge does not grieve.
शुभैर्लभति देवत्वं व्यामिश्रैर्जन्म मानुषम् ।
अशुभैश्चाप्यधोजन्म कर्मभिर्लभतेऽवशः ॥२५॥
25. śubhairlabhati devatvaṁ vyāmiśrairjanma mānuṣam ,
aśubhaiścāpyadhojanma karmabhirlabhate'vaśaḥ.
25. śubhaiḥ labhate devatvaṃ vyāmiśraiḥ janma mānuṣam
aśubhaiḥ ca api adhojanma karmabhiḥ labhate avaśaḥ
25. śubhaiḥ devatvaṃ labhate.
vyāmiśraiḥ mānuṣam janma.
ca api aśubhaiḥ adhojanma.
avaśaḥ karmabhiḥ labhate.
25. Through auspicious actions (karma), one attains a divine state; through mixed actions (karma), a human birth; and through inauspicious actions (karma), a lower birth. One helplessly obtains these (destinies) by one's actions (karma).
तत्र मृत्युजरादुःखैः सततं समभिद्रुतः ।
संसारे पच्यते जन्तुस्तत्कथं नावबुध्यसे ॥२६॥
26. tatra mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ satataṁ samabhidrutaḥ ,
saṁsāre pacyate jantustatkathaṁ nāvabudhyase.
26. tatra mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ satataṃ samabhidrutaḥ
saṃsāre pacyate jantuḥ tat kathaṃ na avabudhyase
26. tatra jantuḥ mṛtyujarāduḥkhaiḥ satataṃ samabhidrutaḥ saṃsāre pacyate.
tat kathaṃ na avabudhyase?
26. There, a living being is constantly assailed by death, old age, and suffering, and is tormented in the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra). Why, then, do you not comprehend this?
अहिते हितसंज्ञस्त्वमध्रुवे ध्रुवसंज्ञकः ।
अनर्थे चार्थसंज्ञस्त्वं किमर्थं नावबुध्यसे ॥२७॥
27. ahite hitasaṁjñastvamadhruve dhruvasaṁjñakaḥ ,
anarthe cārthasaṁjñastvaṁ kimarthaṁ nāvabudhyase.
27. ahite hitasaṃjñaḥ tvam adhruve dhruvasaṃjñakaḥ
anarthe ca arthasaṃjñaḥ tvam kim arthaṃ na avabudhyase
27. tvam ahite hitasaṃjñaḥ.
adhruve dhruvasaṃjñakaḥ.
ca anarthe arthasaṃjñaḥ tvam.
kim arthaṃ na avabudhyase?
27. You consider what is harmful to be beneficial, what is impermanent to be permanent, and what is meaningless to be meaningful. Why do you not comprehend this?
संवेष्ट्यमानं बहुभिर्मोहतन्तुभिरात्मजैः ।
कोशकारवदात्मानं वेष्टयन्नावबुध्यसे ॥२८॥
28. saṁveṣṭyamānaṁ bahubhirmohatantubhirātmajaiḥ ,
kośakāravadātmānaṁ veṣṭayannāvabudhyase.
28. saṃveṣṭyamānam bahubhiḥ moha-tantubhiḥ ātmajaiḥ
kośakāravat ātmānam veṣṭayan na avabudhyase
28. You do not understand that you are enveloping your own self (ātman) with many threads of delusion, which are born from yourself, just like a silkworm.
अलं परिग्रहेणेह दोषवान्हि परिग्रहः ।
कृमिर्हि कोशकारस्तु बध्यते स्वपरिग्रहात् ॥२९॥
29. alaṁ parigraheṇeha doṣavānhi parigrahaḥ ,
kṛmirhi kośakārastu badhyate svaparigrahāt.
29. alam parigraheṇa iha doṣavān hi parigrahaḥ
kṛmiḥ hi kośakāraḥ tu badhyate sva-parigrahāt
29. Enough with possessions here, for possession (parigraha) is indeed faulty. A silkworm, for instance, is bound by its own possessions (parigraha).
पुत्रदारकुटुम्बेषु सक्ताः सीदन्ति जन्तवः ।
सरःपङ्कार्णवे मग्ना जीर्णा वनगजा इव ॥३०॥
30. putradārakuṭumbeṣu saktāḥ sīdanti jantavaḥ ,
saraḥpaṅkārṇave magnā jīrṇā vanagajā iva.
30. putra-dāra-kuṭumbeṣu saktāḥ sīdanti jantavaḥ
saraḥ-paṅka-arṇave magnāḥ jīrṇāḥ vana-gajāḥ iva
30. Living beings, excessively attached to sons, wives, and families, become distressed, just like old forest elephants who are submerged in a vast, muddy lake.
महाजालसमाकृष्टान्स्थले मत्स्यानिवोद्धृतान् ।
स्नेहजालसमाकृष्टान्पश्य जन्तून्सुदुःखितान् ॥३१॥
31. mahājālasamākṛṣṭānsthale matsyānivoddhṛtān ,
snehajālasamākṛṣṭānpaśya jantūnsuduḥkhitān.
31. mahā-jāla-samākṛṣṭān sthale matsyān iva uddhṛtān
sneha-jāla-samākṛṣṭān paśya jantūn su-duḥkhitān
31. Behold living beings, greatly distressed and ensnared by the net of affection, just like fish pulled onto dry land after being caught by a great net.
कुटुम्बं पुत्रदारं च शरीरं द्रव्यसंचयाः ।
पारक्यमध्रुवं सर्वं किं स्वं सुकृतदुष्कृतम् ॥३२॥
32. kuṭumbaṁ putradāraṁ ca śarīraṁ dravyasaṁcayāḥ ,
pārakyamadhruvaṁ sarvaṁ kiṁ svaṁ sukṛtaduṣkṛtam.
32. kuṭumbam putradāram ca śarīram dravyasaṃcayāḥ
pārakyam adhruvam sarvam kim svam sukṛtaduṣkṛtam
32. kuṭumbam putradāram ca śarīram dravyasaṃcayāḥ
sarvam pārakyam adhruvam kim svam sukṛtaduṣkṛtam
32. Family, children, wife, body, and accumulated wealth – all these are transient and belong to others. What truly belongs to you are your good and bad actions (karma).
यदा सर्वं परित्यज्य गन्तव्यमवशेन ते ।
अनर्थे किं प्रसक्तस्त्वं स्वमर्थं नानुतिष्ठसि ॥३३॥
33. yadā sarvaṁ parityajya gantavyamavaśena te ,
anarthe kiṁ prasaktastvaṁ svamarthaṁ nānutiṣṭhasi.
33. yadā sarvam parityajya gantavyam avaśena te anarthe
kim prasaktaḥ tvam svam artham na anutiṣṭhasi
33. yadā sarvam parityajya avaśena te gantavyam kim
tvam anarthe prasaktaḥ svam artham na anutiṣṭhasi
33. When you, helpless, must inevitably depart, abandoning everything, why are you engrossed in futile pursuits? Why do you not follow your own true purpose?
अविश्रान्तमनालम्बमपाथेयमदैशिकम् ।
तमःकान्तारमध्वानं कथमेको गमिष्यसि ॥३४॥
34. aviśrāntamanālambamapātheyamadaiśikam ,
tamaḥkāntāramadhvānaṁ kathameko gamiṣyasi.
34. aviśrāntam anālambam apātheyam adaiśikam
tamaḥkāntāram adhvānam katham ekaḥ gamiṣyasi
34. ekaḥ tvam katham aviśrāntam anālambam apātheyam
adaiśikam tamaḥkāntāram adhvānam gamiṣyasi
34. How will you, alone, traverse this path - which is without end, without support, without provisions, without a guide, and a veritable wilderness of darkness?
न हि त्वा प्रस्थितं कश्चित्पृष्ठतोऽनुगमिष्यति ।
सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च त्वा यास्यन्तमनुयास्यति ॥३५॥
35. na hi tvā prasthitaṁ kaścitpṛṣṭhato'nugamiṣyati ,
sukṛtaṁ duṣkṛtaṁ ca tvā yāsyantamanuyāsyati.
35. na hi tvā prasthitam kaścit pṛṣṭhataḥ anugamiṣyati
sukṛtam duṣkṛtam ca tvā yāsyantam anuyāsyati
35. hi kaścit tvā prasthitam na pṛṣṭhataḥ anugamiṣyati
sukṛtam ca duṣkṛtam tvā yāsyantam anuyāsyati
35. Indeed, no one will follow you when you have departed. Your good actions and bad actions (karma) alone will follow you as you proceed.
विद्या कर्म च शौर्यं च ज्ञानं च बहुविस्तरम् ।
अर्थार्थमनुसार्यन्ते सिद्धार्थस्तु विमुच्यते ॥३६॥
36. vidyā karma ca śauryaṁ ca jñānaṁ ca bahuvistaram ,
arthārthamanusāryante siddhārthastu vimucyate.
36. vidyā karma ca śauryaṃ ca jñānaṃ ca bahuvistaram
| arthārtham anusāryante siddhārthaḥ tu vimucyate
36. vidyā karma ca śauryaṃ ca bahuvistaram jñānaṃ ca
arthārtham anusāryante tu siddhārthaḥ vimucyate
36. Learning, action (karma), valor, and extensive wisdom - these are pursued for the sake of material gain. However, one who has achieved their ultimate aim is liberated (mokṣa).
निबन्धनी रज्जुरेषा या ग्रामे वसतो रतिः ।
छित्त्वैनां सुकृतो यान्ति नैनां छिन्दन्ति दुष्कृतः ॥३७॥
37. nibandhanī rajjureṣā yā grāme vasato ratiḥ ,
chittvaināṁ sukṛto yānti naināṁ chindanti duṣkṛtaḥ.
37. nibandhanī rajjuḥ eṣā yā grāme vasataḥ ratiḥ |
chittvā enām sukṛtaḥ yānti na enām chindanti duṣkṛtaḥ
37. eṣā yā ratiḥ grāme vasataḥ nibandhanī rajjuḥ sukṛtaḥ
enām chittvā yānti duṣkṛtaḥ na enām chindanti
37. This attachment to living in a community is a binding rope. Virtuous individuals, having severed it, attain liberation (mokṣa), but wicked individuals do not cut it.
रूपकूलां मनःस्रोतां स्पर्शद्वीपां रसावहाम् ।
गन्धपङ्कां शब्दजलां स्वर्गमार्गदुरावहाम् ॥३८॥
38. rūpakūlāṁ manaḥsrotāṁ sparśadvīpāṁ rasāvahām ,
gandhapaṅkāṁ śabdajalāṁ svargamārgadurāvahām.
38. rūpakūlām manaḥsrotām sparśadvīpām rasāvahām
| gandhapaṅkām śabdajalām svargamārgadurāvahām
38. rūpakūlām manaḥsrotām sparśadvīpām rasāvahām
gandhapaṅkām śabdajalām svargamārgadurāvahām
38. This (river) has physical forms as its banks, the mind as its current, tactile sensations as its islands, and carries tastes. Its mud consists of smells, and its water of sounds, making it difficult to traverse for those seeking the path to heaven.
क्षमारित्रां सत्यमयीं धर्मस्थैर्यवटाकराम् ।
त्यागवाताध्वगां शीघ्रां बुद्धिनावा नदीं तरेत् ॥३९॥
39. kṣamāritrāṁ satyamayīṁ dharmasthairyavaṭākarām ,
tyāgavātādhvagāṁ śīghrāṁ buddhināvā nadīṁ taret.
39. kṣamāritrām satyamayīm dharmasthairyavaṭākarām |
tyāgavātādhvagām śīghrām buddhināvā nadīm taret
39. ekaḥ buddhināvā kṣamāritrām satyamayīm
dharmasthairyavaṭākarām tyāgavātādhvagām śīghrām nadīm taret
39. One should cross that river (of sensory experiences), which has patience as its rudder, is composed of truth, and has the stability of natural law (dharma) like a great banyan tree. This swift river, propelled by the wind of renunciation, one should traverse by means of the boat of intellect (buddhi).
त्यज धर्ममधर्मं च उभे सत्यानृते त्यज ।
उभे सत्यानृते त्यक्त्वा येन त्यजसि तं त्यज ॥४०॥
40. tyaja dharmamadharmaṁ ca ubhe satyānṛte tyaja ,
ubhe satyānṛte tyaktvā yena tyajasi taṁ tyaja.
40. tyaja dharmam adharmam ca ubhe satyānṛte tyaja
ubhe satyānṛte tyaktvā yena tyajasi tam tyaja
40. tyaja dharmam adharmam ca tyaja ubhe satyānṛte
tyaktvā ubhe satyānṛte yena tyajasi tam tyaja
40. Abandon both righteousness (dharma) and unrighteousness. Abandon both truth and untruth. Having abandoned both truth and untruth, abandon even that by which you abandon them.
त्यज धर्ममसंकल्पादधर्मं चाप्यहिंसया ।
उभे सत्यानृते बुद्ध्या बुद्धिं परमनिश्चयात् ॥४१॥
41. tyaja dharmamasaṁkalpādadharmaṁ cāpyahiṁsayā ,
ubhe satyānṛte buddhyā buddhiṁ paramaniścayāt.
41. tyaja dharmam asaṅkalpāt adharmam ca api ahiṃsayā
ubhe satyānṛte buddhyā buddhim paramaniścayāt
41. tyaja dharmam asaṅkalpāt ca adharmam api ahiṃsayā tyaja
ubhe satyānṛte buddhyā tyaja buddhim paramaniścayāt
41. Relinquish righteousness (dharma) through non-attachment to intention, and unrighteousness through non-harming (ahiṃsā). Relinquish both truth and untruth through discernment (buddhi), and relinquish even that discernment through ultimate determination.
अस्थिस्थूणं स्नायुयुतं मांसशोणितलेपनम् ।
चर्मावनद्धं दुर्गन्धि पूर्णं मूत्रपुरीषयोः ॥४२॥
42. asthisthūṇaṁ snāyuyutaṁ māṁsaśoṇitalepanam ,
carmāvanaddhaṁ durgandhi pūrṇaṁ mūtrapurīṣayoḥ.
42. asthisthūṇam snāyuyutam māṃsaśoṇitalepanam
carmāvanaddham durgandhi pūrṇam mūtrapurīṣayoḥ
42. asthisthūṇam snāyuyutam māṃsaśoṇitalepanam
carmāvanaddham durgandhi pūrṇam mūtrapurīṣayoḥ
42. Having bones as pillars, bound by sinews, smeared with flesh and blood, covered with skin, foul-smelling, and full of urine and feces.
जराशोकसमाविष्टं रोगायतनमातुरम् ।
रजस्वलमनित्यं च भूतावासं समुत्सृज ॥४३॥
43. jarāśokasamāviṣṭaṁ rogāyatanamāturam ,
rajasvalamanityaṁ ca bhūtāvāsaṁ samutsṛja.
43. jarāśokasamāviṣṭam rogāyatanam āturam
rajasvalam anityam ca bhūtāvāsam samutsṛja
43. jarāśokasamāviṣṭam rogāyatanam āturam
rajasvalam anityam ca bhūtāvāsam samutsṛja
43. Afflicted by old age and sorrow, an abode of disease, suffering, impure, impermanent, and a dwelling for living beings – cast off this body!
इदं विश्वं जगत्सर्वमजगच्चापि यद्भवेत् ।
महाभूतात्मकं सर्वं महद्यत्परमाणु यत् ॥४४॥
44. idaṁ viśvaṁ jagatsarvamajagaccāpi yadbhavet ,
mahābhūtātmakaṁ sarvaṁ mahadyatparamāṇu yat.
44. idam viśvam jagat sarvam ajagat ca api yat bhavet
mahābhūtātmakam sarvam mahat yat paramāṇu yat
44. idam viśvam sarvam jagat ajagat ca api yat bhavet
sarvam mahābhūtātmakam mahat yat paramāṇu yat
44. This entire universe, whatever exists, whether moving or non-moving, all of it, whether macroscopic or atomic, consists of the great elements.
इन्द्रियाणि च पञ्चैव तमः सत्त्वं रजस्तथा ।
इत्येष सप्तदशको राशिरव्यक्तसंज्ञकः ॥४५॥
45. indriyāṇi ca pañcaiva tamaḥ sattvaṁ rajastathā ,
ityeṣa saptadaśako rāśiravyaktasaṁjñakaḥ.
45. indriyāṇi ca pañca eva tamaḥ sattvam rajas tathā
iti eṣaḥ saptadaśakaḥ rāśiḥ avyakta-saṃjñakaḥ
45. indriyāṇi pañca eva ca tamaḥ sattvam rajas tathā
iti eṣaḥ saptadaśakaḥ rāśiḥ avyakta-saṃjñakaḥ
45. The five senses, along with tamas, sattva, and rajas (which constitute the subtle elements and faculties), form this seventeen-fold aggregate known as the unmanifest (avyakta).
सर्वैरिहेन्द्रियार्थैश्च व्यक्ताव्यक्तैर्हि संहितः ।
पञ्चविंशक इत्येष व्यक्ताव्यक्तमयो गुणः ॥४६॥
46. sarvairihendriyārthaiśca vyaktāvyaktairhi saṁhitaḥ ,
pañcaviṁśaka ityeṣa vyaktāvyaktamayo guṇaḥ.
46. sarvaiḥ iha indriya-arthaiḥ ca vyakta-avyaktaiḥ hi
saṃhitaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ iti eṣaḥ vyakta-avyakta-mayaḥ guṇaḥ
46. iha sarvaiḥ indriya-arthaiḥ ca vyakta-avyaktaiḥ hi
saṃhitaḥ iti eṣaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ vyakta-avyakta-mayaḥ guṇaḥ
46. Here, connected with all sense-objects, both manifest and unmanifest, this is indeed the twenty-fifth principle, having the nature of the manifest and the unmanifest.
एतैः सर्वैः समायुक्तः पुमानित्यभिधीयते ।
त्रिवर्गोऽत्र सुखं दुःखं जीवितं मरणं तथा ॥४७॥
47. etaiḥ sarvaiḥ samāyuktaḥ pumānityabhidhīyate ,
trivargo'tra sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ jīvitaṁ maraṇaṁ tathā.
47. etaiḥ sarvaiḥ samāyuktaḥ pumān iti abhidhīyate
trivargaḥ atra sukham duḥkham jīvitam maraṇam tathā
47. etaiḥ sarvaiḥ samāyuktaḥ pumān iti abhidhīyate atra
trivargaḥ sukham duḥkham jīvitam maraṇam tathā
47. The person (puruṣa), associated with all these (principles), is thus designated. Here, the group of three aims (dharma, artha, kāma), and happiness, suffering, life, and death are found.
य इदं वेद तत्त्वेन स वेद प्रभवाप्ययौ ।
पाराशर्येह बोद्धव्यं ज्ञानानां यच्च किंचन ॥४८॥
48. ya idaṁ veda tattvena sa veda prabhavāpyayau ,
pārāśaryeha boddhavyaṁ jñānānāṁ yacca kiṁcana.
48. ya idam veda tattvena sa veda prabhavāpyayau
pārāśarya iha boddhavyam jñānānām yat ca kiñcana
48. ya idam tattvena veda,
sa prabhavāpyayau veda.
pārāśarya,
iha yat ca kiñcana jñānānām boddhavyam
48. He who truly understands this knows both origin and dissolution. O son of Parāśara, whatever knowledge exists, that should be understood here.
इन्द्रियैर्गृह्यते यद्यत्तत्तद्व्यक्तमिति स्थितिः ।
अव्यक्तमिति विज्ञेयं लिङ्गग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम् ॥४९॥
49. indriyairgṛhyate yadyattattadvyaktamiti sthitiḥ ,
avyaktamiti vijñeyaṁ liṅgagrāhyamatīndriyam.
49. indriyaiḥ gṛhyate yat yat tat tat vyaktam iti
sthitiḥ avyaktam iti vijñeyam liṅgagrāhyam atīndriyam
49. yat yat indriyaiḥ gṛhyate,
tat tat vyaktam iti sthitiḥ.
atīndriyam liṅgagrāhyam avyaktam iti vijñeyam
49. Whatever is perceived by the senses is known as manifest – this is the established rule. That which is beyond the senses and grasped only through inference should be understood as unmanifest.
इन्द्रियैर्नियतैर्देही धाराभिरिव तर्प्यते ।
लोके विततमात्मानं लोकं चात्मनि पश्यति ॥५०॥
50. indriyairniyatairdehī dhārābhiriva tarpyate ,
loke vitatamātmānaṁ lokaṁ cātmani paśyati.
50. indriyaiḥ niyataiḥ dehī dhārābhiḥ iva tarpyate
loke vitatam ātmānam lokam ca ātmani paśyati
50. dehī niyataiḥ indriyaiḥ dhārābhiḥ iva tarpyate.
(saḥ) loke vitatam ātmānam paśyati ca lokam ātmani (paśyati)
50. The embodied soul (dehī) is nourished by controlled senses, just as one is by streams. He perceives the self (ātman) pervading the entire world, and the world existing within the self (ātman).
परावरदृशः शक्तिर्ज्ञानवेलां न पश्यति ।
पश्यतः सर्वभूतानि सर्वावस्थासु सर्वदा ॥५१॥
51. parāvaradṛśaḥ śaktirjñānavelāṁ na paśyati ,
paśyataḥ sarvabhūtāni sarvāvasthāsu sarvadā.
51. parāvaradṛśaḥ śaktiḥ jñānavelām na paśyati
paśyataḥ sarvabhūtāni sarvāvasthāsu sarvadā
51. parāvaradṛśaḥ sarvabhūtāni sarvāvasthāsu
sarvadā paśyataḥ śaktiḥ jñānavelām na paśyati
51. The power (śakti) of one who perceives both the higher and the lower does not discern the limit of knowledge, because such a person always perceives all beings in all conditions.
ब्रह्मभूतस्य संयोगो नाशुभेनोपपद्यते ।
ज्ञानेन विविधान्क्लेशानतिवृत्तस्य मोहजान् ।
लोके बुद्धिप्रकाशेन लोकमार्गो न रिष्यते ॥५२॥
52. brahmabhūtasya saṁyogo nāśubhenopapadyate ,
jñānena vividhānkleśānativṛttasya mohajān ,
loke buddhiprakāśena lokamārgo na riṣyate.
52. brahmabhūtasya saṃyogaḥ na aśubhena
upapadyate jñānena vividhān
kleśān ativṛttasya mohajān loke
buddhiprakāśena lokamārgaḥ na riṣyate
52. brahmabhūtasya aśubhena saṃyogaḥ
na upapadyate jñānena mohajān
vividhān kleśān ativṛttasya loke
buddhiprakāśena lokamārgaḥ na riṣyate
52. For one who has attained the state of (brahman), no connection with inauspiciousness arises. Having overcome various afflictions born of delusion through knowledge, their worldly path is not hindered in this world by the light of understanding.
अनादिनिधनं जन्तुमात्मनि स्थितमव्ययम् ।
अकर्तारममूर्तं च भगवानाह तीर्थवित् ॥५३॥
53. anādinidhanaṁ jantumātmani sthitamavyayam ,
akartāramamūrtaṁ ca bhagavānāha tīrthavit.
53. anādinidhanam jantum ātmani sthitam avyayam
akartāram amūrtam ca bhagavān āha tīrthavit
53. tīrthavit bhagavān āha ātmani sthitam jantum
anādinidhanam avyayam akartāram ca amūrtam
53. The venerable one, the knower of sacred traditions, declared that the living being (jantu) residing in the (ātman) is without beginning or end, imperishable, a non-doer, and formless.
यो जन्तुः स्वकृतैस्तैस्तैः कर्मभिर्नित्यदुःखितः ।
स दुःखप्रतिघातार्थं हन्ति जन्तूननेकधा ॥५४॥
54. yo jantuḥ svakṛtaistaistaiḥ karmabhirnityaduḥkhitaḥ ,
sa duḥkhapratighātārthaṁ hanti jantūnanekadhā.
54. yaḥ jantuḥ svakṛtaiḥ taiḥ taiḥ karmabhiḥ nityaduḥkhitaḥ
saḥ duḥkhapratighātārtham hanti jantūn anekadhā
54. yaḥ jantuḥ svakṛtaiḥ taiḥ taiḥ karmabhiḥ nityaduḥkhitaḥ
saḥ duḥkhapratighātārtham anekadhā jantūn hanti
54. Any living being (jantu) who is perpetually miserable due to those very (karma) performed by himself, that being kills other living beings (jantu) in many ways to avert his own suffering.
ततः कर्म समादत्ते पुनरन्यन्नवं बहु ।
तप्यतेऽथ पुनस्तेन भुक्त्वापथ्यमिवातुरः ॥५५॥
55. tataḥ karma samādatte punaranyannavaṁ bahu ,
tapyate'tha punastena bhuktvāpathyamivāturaḥ.
55. tataḥ karma samādatte punaḥ anyat navam bahu
tapyate atha punaḥ tena bhuktvā apathyam iva āturaḥ
55. tataḥ punaḥ anyat navam bahu karma samādatte atha
punaḥ tena tapyate āturaḥ apathyam bhuktvā iva
55. Then, that person again undertakes many other new (karma). Subsequently, he suffers again due to those actions, just as a sick person suffers after eating unwholesome food.
अजस्रमेव मोहार्तो दुःखेषु सुखसंज्ञितः ।
बध्यते मथ्यते चैव कर्मभिर्मन्थवत्सदा ॥५६॥
56. ajasrameva mohārto duḥkheṣu sukhasaṁjñitaḥ ,
badhyate mathyate caiva karmabhirmanthavatsadā.
56. ajasram eva mohārtaḥ duḥkheṣu sukhasaṃjñitaḥ
badhyate mathyate ca eva karmabhiḥ manthavat sadā
56. Afflicted by delusion (moha) and perceiving sufferings as pleasures, one is constantly bound and agitated by actions (karma) forever, just like a churning rod.
ततो निवृत्तो बन्धात्स्वात्कर्मणामुदयादिह ।
परिभ्रमति संसारं चक्रवद्बहुवेदनः ॥५७॥
57. tato nivṛtto bandhātsvātkarmaṇāmudayādiha ,
paribhramati saṁsāraṁ cakravadbahuvedanaḥ.
57. tataḥ nivṛttaḥ bandhāt svāt karmaṇām udayāt
iha paribhramati saṃsāram cakravat bahuvedanaḥ
57. Therefore, having been released from his own bondage (bandha) by the consequences of actions (karma) in this world, he wanders through the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) like a wheel, experiencing much suffering.
स त्वं निवृत्तबन्धस्तु निवृत्तश्चापि कर्मतः ।
सर्ववित्सर्वजित्सिद्धो भव भावविवर्जितः ॥५८॥
58. sa tvaṁ nivṛttabandhastu nivṛttaścāpi karmataḥ ,
sarvavitsarvajitsiddho bhava bhāvavivarjitaḥ.
58. sa tvam nivṛttabandhaḥ tu nivṛttaḥ ca api karmataḥ
sarvavit sarvajit siddhaḥ bhava bhāvavivarjitaḥ
58. Therefore, you, whose bondage (bandha) has ceased and who are also liberated from actions (karma), become all-knowing, all-conquering, a perfected one (siddha), and devoid of all states of being (bhāva).
संयमेन नवं बन्धं निवर्त्य तपसो बलात् ।
संप्राप्ता बहवः सिद्धिमप्यबाधां सुखोदयाम् ॥५९॥
59. saṁyamena navaṁ bandhaṁ nivartya tapaso balāt ,
saṁprāptā bahavaḥ siddhimapyabādhāṁ sukhodayām.
59. saṃyamena navam bandham nivartya tapasaḥ balāt
saṃprāptāḥ bahavaḥ siddhim api abādhām sukhodayām
59. By averting new bondage (bandha) through the strength of self-control (saṃyama) and austerity (tapas), many have attained an unobstructed and felicitous perfection (siddhi).