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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-122

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भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
अङ्गेषु राजा द्युतिमान्वसुहोम इति श्रुतः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
aṅgeṣu rājā dyutimānvasuhoma iti śrutaḥ.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam aṅgeṣu rājā dyutimān vasuhomaḥ iti śrutaḥ
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
udāharanti aṅgeṣu dyutimān vasuhomaḥ iti rājā śrutaḥ
1. Bhishma said: Here, they also narrate this ancient legend. There was a radiant king named Vasuhoma, renowned in the Anga country.
स राजा धर्मनित्यः सन्सह पत्न्या महातपाः ।
मुञ्जपृष्ठं जगामाथ देवर्षिगणपूजितम् ॥२॥
2. sa rājā dharmanityaḥ sansaha patnyā mahātapāḥ ,
muñjapṛṣṭhaṁ jagāmātha devarṣigaṇapūjitam.
2. saḥ rājā dharmanityaḥ san saha patnyā mahātapaḥ
muñjapṛṣṭham jagāma atha devarṣigaṇapūjitam
2. saḥ rājā dharmanityaḥ mahātapaḥ san patnyā saha
atha devarṣigaṇapūjitam muñjapṛṣṭham jagāma
2. That king, constantly devoted to natural law (dharma) and a great ascetic, then went with his wife to Munjapṛṣṭha, a place revered by hosts of divine sages.
तत्र शृङ्गे हिमवतो मेरौ कनकपर्वते ।
यत्र मुञ्जवटे रामो जटाहरणमादिशत् ॥३॥
3. tatra śṛṅge himavato merau kanakaparvate ,
yatra muñjavaṭe rāmo jaṭāharaṇamādiśat.
3. tatra śṛṅge himavataḥ merau kanakaparvate
yatra muñjavaṭe rāmaḥ jaṭāharaṇam ādiśat
3. tatra himavataḥ śṛṅge kanakaparvate merau
yatra muñjavaṭe rāmaḥ jaṭāharaṇam ādiśat
3. There, on a peak of Himavat (the Himalayas), on Meru, the golden mountain, is the place where Rama commanded the removal of matted locks at Munjavaṭa.
तदाप्रभृति राजेन्द्र ऋषिभिः संशितव्रतैः ।
मुञ्जपृष्ठ इति प्रोक्तः स देशो रुद्रसेवितः ॥४॥
4. tadāprabhṛti rājendra ṛṣibhiḥ saṁśitavrataiḥ ,
muñjapṛṣṭha iti proktaḥ sa deśo rudrasevitaḥ.
4. tadāprabhṛti rājendra ṛṣibhiḥ saṃśitavrataiḥ
muñjapṛṣṭhaḥ iti proktaḥ saḥ deśaḥ rudrasevitaḥ
4. rājendra tadāprabhṛti saṃśitavrataiḥ ṛṣibhiḥ
rudrasevitaḥ saḥ deśaḥ muñjapṛṣṭhaḥ iti proktaḥ
4. O King of kings, from that time onwards, that region, served by Rudra, was thus called Munjapṛṣṭha by the sages who observed firm vows.
स तत्र बहुभिर्युक्तः सदा श्रुतिमयैर्गुणैः ।
ब्राह्मणानामनुमतो देवर्षिसदृशोऽभवत् ॥५॥
5. sa tatra bahubhiryuktaḥ sadā śrutimayairguṇaiḥ ,
brāhmaṇānāmanumato devarṣisadṛśo'bhavat.
5. saḥ tatra bahubhiḥ yuktaḥ sadā śrutimayaiḥ guṇaiḥ
brāhmaṇānām anumataḥ devarṣisadṛśaḥ abhavat
5. saḥ tatra sadā bahubhiḥ śrutimayaiḥ guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ
brāhmaṇānām anumataḥ devarṣisadṛśaḥ abhavat
5. Being there, he was always endowed with many qualities derived from sacred texts, esteemed by Brahmins, and became like a divine sage.
तं कदाचिददीनात्मा सखा शक्रस्य मानितः ।
अभ्यागच्छन्महीपालो मान्धाता शत्रुकर्शनः ॥६॥
6. taṁ kadācidadīnātmā sakhā śakrasya mānitaḥ ,
abhyāgacchanmahīpālo māndhātā śatrukarśanaḥ.
6. tam kadācit adīnātmā sakhā śakrasya mānitaḥ
abhyāgacchat mahīpālaḥ māndhātā śatrukārśanaḥ
6. kadācit śakrasya sakhā adīnātmā mānitaḥ
śatrukārśanaḥ mahīpālaḥ māndhātā tam abhyāgacchat
6. Once, the resolute (adīnātman) and honored friend of Indra, King Mandhata, the tormentor of enemies, came to him.
सोऽभिसृत्य तु मान्धाता वसुहोमं नराधिपम् ।
दृष्ट्वा प्रकृष्टं तपसा विनयेनाभ्यतिष्ठत ॥७॥
7. so'bhisṛtya tu māndhātā vasuhomaṁ narādhipam ,
dṛṣṭvā prakṛṣṭaṁ tapasā vinayenābhyatiṣṭhata.
7. saḥ abhisṛtya tu māndhātā vasuhomam narādhipam
dṛṣṭvā prakṛṣṭam tapasā vinayena abhyatiṣṭhata
7. tu saḥ māndhātā vasuhomam narādhipam tapasā
prakṛṣṭam dṛṣṭvā abhisṛtya vinayena abhyatiṣṭhata
7. Mandhata, having approached and seen King Vasuhoma, who was distinguished by his austerity (tapas), stood before him with humility.
वसुहोमोऽपि राज्ञो वै गामर्घ्यं च न्यवेदयत् ।
अष्टाङ्गस्य च राज्यस्य पप्रच्छ कुशलं तदा ॥८॥
8. vasuhomo'pi rājño vai gāmarghyaṁ ca nyavedayat ,
aṣṭāṅgasya ca rājyasya papraccha kuśalaṁ tadā.
8. vasuhomaḥ api rājñaḥ vai gām arghyam ca nyavedayat
aṣṭāṅgasya ca rājyasya papraccha kuśalam tadā
8. vasuhomaḥ api vai rājñaḥ gām ca arghyam nyavedayat
ca tadā aṣṭāṅgasya rājyasya kuśalam papraccha
8. Vasuhoma also, indeed, presented a cow and a respectful offering to the king. Then, he inquired about the welfare of his eight-limbed kingdom.
सद्भिराचरितं पूर्वं यथावदनुयायिनम् ।
अपृच्छद्वसुहोमस्तं राजन्किं करवाणि ते ॥९॥
9. sadbhirācaritaṁ pūrvaṁ yathāvadanuyāyinam ,
apṛcchadvasuhomastaṁ rājankiṁ karavāṇi te.
9. sadbhiḥ ācaritam pūrvam yathāvat anuyāyinam
apṛcchat vasuhomaḥ tam rājan kim karavāṇi te
9. rājan vasuhomaḥ tam apṛcchat pūrvam sadbhiḥ
ācaritam yathāvat anuyāyinam kim te karavāṇi
9. Vasuhoma asked him, "O King, what may I do for you, who properly follows (the path) previously practiced by the virtuous?"
सोऽब्रवीत्परमप्रीतो मान्धाता राजसत्तमम् ।
वसुहोमं महाप्राज्ञमासीनं कुरुनन्दन ॥१०॥
10. so'bravītparamaprīto māndhātā rājasattamam ,
vasuhomaṁ mahāprājñamāsīnaṁ kurunandana.
10. saḥ abravīt paramaprītaḥ māndhātā rājasattamam
vasuhomam mahāprājñam āsīnam kurunandana
10. kurunandana paramaprītaḥ māndhātā saḥ āsīnam
mahāprājñam rājasattamam vasuhomam abravīt
10. O scion of the Kuru dynasty, Mandhata, greatly pleased, spoke to Vasuhoma, the exceedingly wise and seated best among kings.
बृहस्पतेर्मतं राजन्नधीतं सकलं त्वया ।
तथैवौशनसं शास्त्रं विज्ञातं ते नराधिप ॥११॥
11. bṛhaspatermataṁ rājannadhītaṁ sakalaṁ tvayā ,
tathaivauśanasaṁ śāstraṁ vijñātaṁ te narādhipa.
11. bṛhaspateḥ matam rājan adhītam sakalam tvayā
tathā eva auśanasam śāstram vijñātam te narādhipa
11. rājan narādhipa bṛhaspateḥ sakalam matam tvayā
adhītam tathā eva auśanasam śāstram te vijñātam
11. O King, the entire doctrine of Brihaspati has been thoroughly studied by you. Likewise, O ruler of men, the scripture of Ushanas (Śukra) is well understood by you.
तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि दण्ड उत्पद्यते कथम् ।
किं वापि पूर्वं जागर्ति किं वा परममुच्यते ॥१२॥
12. tadahaṁ śrotumicchāmi daṇḍa utpadyate katham ,
kiṁ vāpi pūrvaṁ jāgarti kiṁ vā paramamucyate.
12. tat aham śrotum icchāmi daṇḍaḥ utpadyate katham
kim vā api pūrvam jāgarti kim vā paramam ucyate
12. tat aham śrotum icchāmi daṇḍaḥ katham utpadyate
kim vā pūrvam jāgarti kim vā paramam ucyate
12. Therefore, I wish to hear how authority (daṇḍa) originates. What is it that is primordial, or what is declared to be the ultimate (principle)?
कथं क्षत्रियसंस्थश्च दण्डः संप्रत्यवस्थितः ।
ब्रूहि मे सुमहाप्राज्ञ ददाम्याचार्यवेतनम् ॥१३॥
13. kathaṁ kṣatriyasaṁsthaśca daṇḍaḥ saṁpratyavasthitaḥ ,
brūhi me sumahāprājña dadāmyācāryavetanam.
13. kathaṃ kṣatriyasaṃsthaḥ ca daṇḍaḥ samprati avasthitaḥ
brūhi me sumahāprājña dadāmi ācāryavetanam
13. sumahāprājña me brūhi kathaṃ daṇḍaḥ samprati
kṣatriyasaṃsthaḥ avasthitaḥ ca dadāmi ācāryavetanam
13. How is it that governance (daṇḍa) is now established among the Kshatriyas? Tell me, O most wise one, I will give a teacher's fee.
वसुहोम उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्यथा दण्डः संभूतो लोकसंग्रहः ।
प्रजाविनयरक्षार्थं धर्मस्यात्मा सनातनः ॥१४॥
14. vasuhoma uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājanyathā daṇḍaḥ saṁbhūto lokasaṁgrahaḥ ,
prajāvinayarakṣārthaṁ dharmasyātmā sanātanaḥ.
14. vasuhomaḥ uvāca śṛṇu rājan yathā daṇḍaḥ sambhūtaḥ
lokasaṃgrahaḥ prajāvinayarakṣārtham dharmasya ātmā sanātanaḥ
14. vasuhomaḥ uvāca rājan śṛṇu yathā daṇḍaḥ sambhūtaḥ
lokasaṃgrahaḥ prajāvinayarakṣārtham dharmasya sanātanaḥ ātmā
14. Vasuhoma said: Listen, O King, to how governance (daṇḍa) originated. It is the preserver of the world, for the purpose of disciplining and protecting the people, and the eternal essence (ātman) of the cosmic order (dharma).
ब्रह्मा यियक्षुर्भगवान्सर्वलोकपितामहः ।
ऋत्विजं नात्मना तुल्यं ददर्शेति हि नः श्रुतम् ॥१५॥
15. brahmā yiyakṣurbhagavānsarvalokapitāmahaḥ ,
ṛtvijaṁ nātmanā tulyaṁ dadarśeti hi naḥ śrutam.
15. brahmā yiyakṣuḥ bhagavān sarvalokapitāmahaḥ
ṛtvijam na ātmanā tulyam dadarśa iti hi naḥ śrutam
15. bhagavān sarvalokapitāmahaḥ brahmā yiyakṣuḥ ātmanā
tulyam ṛtvijam na dadarśa iti hi naḥ śrutam
15. Lord Brahmā, the grandfather of all worlds, desiring to perform a Vedic ritual (yajña), did not find a priest equal to himself (ātman) – thus indeed have we heard.
स गर्भं शिरसा देवो वर्षपूगानधारयत् ।
पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु स गर्भः क्षुवतोऽपतत् ॥१६॥
16. sa garbhaṁ śirasā devo varṣapūgānadhārayat ,
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu sa garbhaḥ kṣuvato'patat.
16. saḥ garbham śirasā devaḥ varṣapūgān adhārayat
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu saḥ garbhaḥ kṣuvataḥ apatat
16. saḥ devaḥ garbham śirasā varṣapūgān adhārayat tu
pūrṇe varṣasahasre saḥ garbhaḥ kṣuvataḥ apatat
16. That deity (Brahmā) bore an embryo on his head for many years. But when a full thousand years had passed, that embryo fell down as he sneezed.
स क्षुपो नाम संभूतः प्रजापतिररिंदम ।
ऋत्विगासीत्तदा राजन्यज्ञे तस्य महात्मनः ॥१७॥
17. sa kṣupo nāma saṁbhūtaḥ prajāpatirariṁdama ,
ṛtvigāsīttadā rājanyajñe tasya mahātmanaḥ.
17. sa kṣupaḥ nāma saṃbhūtaḥ prajāpatiḥ arindama
ṛtvik āsīt tadā rājan yajñe tasya mahātmanaḥ
17. arindama rājan sa kṣupaḥ nāma prajāpatiḥ
saṃbhūtaḥ tadā tasya mahātmanaḥ yajñe ṛtvik āsīt
17. O subduer of enemies, that Kṣupa, a lord of creation (prajāpati) by name, was born. At that time, O king, he was the priest in the Vedic ritual (yajña) of that great soul.
तस्मिन्प्रवृत्ते सत्रे तु ब्रह्मणः पार्थिवर्षभ ।
हृष्टरूपप्रचारत्वाद्दण्डः सोऽन्तर्हितोऽभवत् ॥१८॥
18. tasminpravṛtte satre tu brahmaṇaḥ pārthivarṣabha ,
hṛṣṭarūpapracāratvāddaṇḍaḥ so'ntarhito'bhavat.
18. tasmin pravṛtte satre tu brahmaṇaḥ pārthivarṣabha
hṛṣṭarūpapracāratvāt daṇḍaḥ saḥ antarhitaḥ abhavat
18. pārthivarṣabha tu tasmin brahmaṇaḥ satre pravṛtte
hṛṣṭarūpapracāratvāt saḥ daṇḍaḥ antarhitaḥ abhavat
18. O best of kings, when that ritual (sattra) of Brahmā had commenced, due to the prevalence of unrestrained conduct, the law (daṇḍa) disappeared.
तस्मिन्नन्तर्हिते चाथ प्रजानां संकरोऽभवत् ।
नैव कार्यं न चाकार्यं भोज्याभोज्यं न विद्यते ॥१९॥
19. tasminnantarhite cātha prajānāṁ saṁkaro'bhavat ,
naiva kāryaṁ na cākāryaṁ bhojyābhojyaṁ na vidyate.
19. tasmin antarhite ca atha prajānām saṃkaraḥ abhavat
na eva kāryam na ca akāryam bhojyābhojyam na vidyate
19. atha ca tasmin antarhite prajānām saṃkaraḥ abhavat
na eva kāryam na ca akāryam bhojyābhojyam na vidyate
19. And then, when that (law/order) had disappeared, confusion (saṃkara) arose among the people. There was neither what should be done nor what should not be done, and no distinction existed between what was edible and inedible.
पेयापेयं कुतः सिद्धिर्हिंसन्ति च परस्परम् ।
गम्यागम्यं तदा नासीत्परस्वं स्वं च वै समम् ॥२०॥
20. peyāpeyaṁ kutaḥ siddhirhiṁsanti ca parasparam ,
gamyāgamyaṁ tadā nāsītparasvaṁ svaṁ ca vai samam.
20. peyāpeyam kutaḥ siddhiḥ hiṃsanti ca parasparam
gamyāgamyam tadā na āsīt parasvam svam ca vai samam
20. tad peyāpeyam āsīt kutaḥ siddhiḥ bhavet ca parasparam hiṃsanti
tadā gamyāgamyam na āsīt ca vai parasvam svam samam āsīt
20. There was no distinction between what was drinkable and undrinkable. How could there be order (siddhi)? And they harmed each other. At that time, there was no distinction between permissible and impermissible relations, and indeed, the property of others and one's own property were treated as equal.
परस्परं विलुम्पन्ते सारमेया इवामिषम् ।
अबलं बलिनो जघ्नुर्निर्मर्यादमवर्तत ॥२१॥
21. parasparaṁ vilumpante sārameyā ivāmiṣam ,
abalaṁ balino jaghnurnirmaryādamavartata.
21. parasparam vilumpante sārameyāḥ iva āmiṣam
abalam balinaḥ jaghnuḥ nirmaryādam avartata
21. sārameyāḥ iva āmiṣam parasparam vilumpante
balinaḥ abalam jaghnuḥ nirmaryādam avartata
21. They plundered each other like dogs fighting over a piece of meat. The strong struck down the weak, and the situation became entirely lawless.
ततः पितामहो विष्णुं भगवन्तं सनातनम् ।
संपूज्य वरदं देवं महादेवमथाब्रवीत् ॥२२॥
22. tataḥ pitāmaho viṣṇuṁ bhagavantaṁ sanātanam ,
saṁpūjya varadaṁ devaṁ mahādevamathābravīt.
22. tataḥ pitāmahaḥ viṣṇum bhagavantam sanātanam
sampūjya varadam devam mahādevam atha abravīt
22. tataḥ pitāmahaḥ viṣṇum bhagavantam sanātanam
varadam devam mahādevam sampūjya atha abravīt
22. Then Brahmā, the grandfather, having duly worshipped the divine, eternal Viṣṇu and the boon-granting deity Mahādeva, then spoke (to Mahādeva).
अत्र साध्वनुकम्पां वै कर्तुमर्हसि केवलम् ।
संकरो न भवेदत्र यथा वै तद्विधीयताम् ॥२३॥
23. atra sādhvanukampāṁ vai kartumarhasi kevalam ,
saṁkaro na bhavedatra yathā vai tadvidhīyatām.
23. atra sādhu anukampām vai kartum arhasi kevalam
saṃkaraḥ na bhavet atra yathā vai tat vidhīyatām
23. atra sādhu anukampām kevalam kartum arhasi atra
saṃkaraḥ na bhavet yathā vai tat vidhīyatām
23. "Here, you should show only proper compassion. Let there be no undesirable mixing in this matter; indeed, let it be arranged accordingly."
ततः स भगवान्ध्यात्वा चिरं शूलजटाधरः ।
आत्मानमात्मना दण्डमसृजद्देवसत्तमः ॥२४॥
24. tataḥ sa bhagavāndhyātvā ciraṁ śūlajaṭādharaḥ ,
ātmānamātmanā daṇḍamasṛjaddevasattamaḥ.
24. tataḥ sa bhagavān dhyātvā ciram śūlajaṭādharaḥ
ātmānam ātmanā daṇḍam asṛjat devasattamaḥ
24. tataḥ sa bhagavān śūlajaṭādharaḥ devasattamaḥ
ciram dhyātvā ātmanā daṇḍam ātmānam asṛjat
24. Then that divine one (Mahādeva), bearing a trident and matted locks, having meditated (dhyāna) for a long time, that best among the gods, created a punishment by himself, from his own essence (ātman).
तस्माच्च धर्मचरणां नीतिं देवीं सरस्वतीम् ।
असृजद्दण्डनीतिः सा त्रिषु लोकेषु विश्रुता ॥२५॥
25. tasmācca dharmacaraṇāṁ nītiṁ devīṁ sarasvatīm ,
asṛjaddaṇḍanītiḥ sā triṣu lokeṣu viśrutā.
25. tasmāt ca dharma-caraṇām nītim devīm sarasvatīm
asṛjat daṇḍanītiḥ sā triṣu lokeṣu viśrutā
25. tasmāt ca dharma-caraṇām devīm sarasvatīm
nītim asṛjat sā daṇḍanītiḥ triṣu lokeṣu viśrutā
25. Therefore, from the adherence to natural law (dharma), he created the divine Sarasvatī, embodying the science of governance (nīti). That very science, known as Daṇḍanīti, became renowned throughout the three worlds.
भूयः स भगवान्ध्यात्वा चिरं शूलवरायुधः ।
तस्य तस्य निकायस्य चकारैकैकमीशरम् ॥२६॥
26. bhūyaḥ sa bhagavāndhyātvā ciraṁ śūlavarāyudhaḥ ,
tasya tasya nikāyasya cakāraikaikamīśaram.
26. bhūyaḥ saḥ bhagavān dhyātvā ciram śūla-vara-āyudhaḥ
tasya tasya nikāyasya cakāra eka-ekam īśvaram
26. bhūyaḥ saḥ bhagavān śūla-vara-āyudhaḥ ciram dhyātvā
tasya tasya nikāyasya eka-ekam īśvaram cakāra
26. Again, that divine one (Bhagavān), wielding the excellent trident as his weapon, after meditating for a long time (dhyāna), appointed one lord for each respective group or assembly.
देवानामीश्वरं चक्रे देवं दशशतेक्षणम् ।
यमं वैवस्वतं चापि पितॄणामकरोत्पतिम् ॥२७॥
27. devānāmīśvaraṁ cakre devaṁ daśaśatekṣaṇam ,
yamaṁ vaivasvataṁ cāpi pitṝṇāmakarotpatim.
27. devānām īśvaram cakre devam daśa-śata-īkṣaṇam
yamam vaivasvatam ca api pitṝṇām akarot patim
27. daśa-śata-īkṣaṇam devam devānām īśvaram cakre
ca api vaivasvatam yamam pitṝṇām patim akarot
27. He appointed the deity with a thousand eyes as the lord of the gods. And he made Vaivasvata Yama the sovereign of the ancestors.
धनानां रक्षसां चापि कुबेरमपि चेश्वरम् ।
पर्वतानां पतिं मेरुं सरितां च महोदधिम् ॥२८॥
28. dhanānāṁ rakṣasāṁ cāpi kuberamapi ceśvaram ,
parvatānāṁ patiṁ meruṁ saritāṁ ca mahodadhim.
28. dhanānām rakṣasām ca api kuberam api ca īśvaram
parvatānām patim merum saritām ca mahā-udadhim
28. dhanānām rakṣasām ca api kuberam api ca īśvaram
merum parvatānām patim ca mahā-udadhim saritām
28. He also appointed Kubera as the lord of wealth and of the Rākṣasas. Meru he made the sovereign of mountains, and the great ocean (mahodadhi) the ruler of rivers.
अपां राज्ये सुराणां च विदधे वरुणं प्रभुम् ।
मृत्युं प्राणेश्वरमथो तेजसां च हुताशनम् ॥२९॥
29. apāṁ rājye surāṇāṁ ca vidadhe varuṇaṁ prabhum ,
mṛtyuṁ prāṇeśvaramatho tejasāṁ ca hutāśanam.
29. apām rājye surāṇām ca vidadhe varuṇam prabhum
mṛtyum prāṇeśvaram atho tejasām ca hutāśanam
29. (saḥ) apām ca surāṇām rājye varuṇam prabhum vidadhe
atho mṛtyum prāṇeśvaram ca tejasām hutāśanam (vidadhe)
29. He appointed Varuna as the lord over the realm of waters and of the gods. Then, he made Death the lord of vital breaths, and Agni the lord of fiery energies.
रुद्राणामपि चेशानं गोप्तारं विदधे प्रभुः ।
महात्मानं महादेवं विशालाक्षं सनातनम् ॥३०॥
30. rudrāṇāmapi ceśānaṁ goptāraṁ vidadhe prabhuḥ ,
mahātmānaṁ mahādevaṁ viśālākṣaṁ sanātanam.
30. rudrāṇām api ca īśānam goptāram vidadhe prabhuḥ
mahātmānam mahādevam viśālākṣam sanātanam
30. prabhuḥ rudrāṇām api ca īśānam mahātmānam
mahādevam viśālākṣam sanātanam goptāram vidadhe
30. The Lord appointed Ishana, the great-souled, wide-eyed, eternal Mahadeva (Śiva), as the protector even of the Rudras.
वसिष्ठमीशं विप्राणां वसूनां जातवेदसम् ।
तेजसां भास्करं चक्रे नक्षत्राणां निशाकरम् ॥३१॥
31. vasiṣṭhamīśaṁ viprāṇāṁ vasūnāṁ jātavedasam ,
tejasāṁ bhāskaraṁ cakre nakṣatrāṇāṁ niśākaram.
31. vasiṣṭham īśam viprāṇām vasūnām jātavedasam
tejasām bhāskaram cakre nakṣatrāṇām niśākaram
31. (saḥ) vasiṣṭham viprāṇām īśam (cakre) vasūnām jātavedasam
(cakre) tejasām bhāskaram cakre nakṣatrāṇām niśākaram (cakre)
31. He appointed Vasishtha as the lord of the Brahmins, and Jatavedas (Agni) as the lord of the Vasus. He made the Sun the lord of lights and the Moon the lord of the constellations.
वीरुधामंशुमन्तं च भूतानां च प्रभुं वरम् ।
कुमारं द्वादशभुजं स्कन्दं राजानमादिशत् ॥३२॥
32. vīrudhāmaṁśumantaṁ ca bhūtānāṁ ca prabhuṁ varam ,
kumāraṁ dvādaśabhujaṁ skandaṁ rājānamādiśat.
32. vīrudhām aṃśumantam ca bhūtānām ca prabhum varam
kumāram dvādaśabhujam skandam rājānam ādiśat
32. (saḥ) vīrudhām ca bhūtānām ca aṃśumantam prabhum varam (ādiśat).
(Saḥ) kumāram dvādaśabhujam skandam rājānam ādiśat
32. He appointed Amśumat (the Sun) as the lord of plants and as the excellent lord of all beings. Then, he commanded Kumara, the twelve-armed Skanda, to be king.
कालं सर्वेशमकरोत्संहारविनयात्मकम् ।
मृत्योश्चतुर्विभागस्य दुःखस्य च सुखस्य च ॥३३॥
33. kālaṁ sarveśamakarotsaṁhāravinayātmakam ,
mṛtyoścaturvibhāgasya duḥkhasya ca sukhasya ca.
33. kālam sarveśam akarot saṃhāravinayātmakam
mṛtyoḥ caturvibhāgasya duḥkhasya ca sukhasya ca
33. kālam sarveśam saṃhāravinayātmakam mṛtyoḥ
duḥkhasya ca sukhasya ca caturvibhāgasya akarot
33. He made Time, the supreme master, to be characterized by destruction and regulation, and to comprise the four-part division encompassing death, suffering, and happiness.
ईश्वरः सर्वदेहस्तु राजराजो धनाधिपः ।
सर्वेषामेव रुद्राणां शूलपाणिरिति श्रुतिः ॥३४॥
34. īśvaraḥ sarvadehastu rājarājo dhanādhipaḥ ,
sarveṣāmeva rudrāṇāṁ śūlapāṇiriti śrutiḥ.
34. īśvaraḥ sarvadehaḥ tu rājarājaḥ dhanādhipaḥ
sarveṣām eva rudrāṇām śūlapāṇiḥ iti śrutiḥ
34. īśvaraḥ tu sarvadehaḥ rājarājaḥ dhanādhipaḥ
sarveṣām eva rudrāṇām śūlapāṇiḥ iti śrutiḥ
34. Indeed, the Lord (īśvara), whose body is all, is the king of kings and the lord of wealth. Thus, the sacred tradition (śruti) declares Śūlapāṇi (Shiva) to be the lord of all Rudras.
तमेकं ब्रह्मणः पुत्रमनुजातं क्षुपं ददौ ।
प्रजानामधिपं श्रेष्ठं सर्वधर्मभृतामपि ॥३५॥
35. tamekaṁ brahmaṇaḥ putramanujātaṁ kṣupaṁ dadau ,
prajānāmadhipaṁ śreṣṭhaṁ sarvadharmabhṛtāmapi.
35. tam ekam brahmaṇaḥ putram anujātam kṣupam dadau
prajānām adhipam śreṣṭham sarvadharma-bhṛtām api
35. brahmaṇaḥ tam ekam anujātam kṣupam putram prajānām
adhipam sarvadharma-bhṛtām api śreṣṭham dadau
35. He gave that one son of Brahmā, Kṣupa, born after him, to be the ruler of creatures and indeed the foremost among all upholders of natural law (dharma).
महादेवस्ततस्तस्मिन्वृत्ते यज्ञे यथाविधि ।
दण्डं धर्मस्य गोप्तारं विष्णवे सत्कृतं ददौ ॥३६॥
36. mahādevastatastasminvṛtte yajñe yathāvidhi ,
daṇḍaṁ dharmasya goptāraṁ viṣṇave satkṛtaṁ dadau.
36. mahādevaḥ tataḥ tasmin vṛtte yajñe yathāvidhi
daṇḍam dharmasya goptāram viṣṇave satkṛtam dadau
36. tataḥ mahādevaḥ tasmin yathāvidhi vṛtte yajñe (sati),
dharmasya goptāram satkṛtam daṇḍam viṣṇave dadau.
36. Then, after that Vedic ritual (yajña) was performed according to the rules, Mahādeva respectfully offered to Viṣṇu the staff (daṇḍa), which is the protector of natural law (dharma) and was duly consecrated.
विष्णुरङ्गिरसे प्रादादङ्गिरा मुनिसत्तमः ।
प्रादादिन्द्रमरीचिभ्यां मरीचिर्भृगवे ददौ ॥३७॥
37. viṣṇuraṅgirase prādādaṅgirā munisattamaḥ ,
prādādindramarīcibhyāṁ marīcirbhṛgave dadau.
37. viṣṇuḥ aṅgirase prādāt aṅgirā munisattamaḥ
prādāt indramarīcibhyām marīciḥ bhṛgave dadau
37. viṣṇuḥ aṅgirase prādāt aṅgirā munisattamaḥ
prādāt indramarīcibhyām marīciḥ bhṛgave dadau
37. Vishnu gave [it] to Angiras. Angiras, the best among sages, then gave [it] to Indra and Marichi. Marichi, in turn, gave [it] to Bhrigu.
भृगुर्ददावृषिभ्यस्तु तं दण्डं धर्मसंहितम् ।
ऋषयो लोकपालेभ्यो लोकपालाः क्षुपाय च ॥३८॥
38. bhṛgurdadāvṛṣibhyastu taṁ daṇḍaṁ dharmasaṁhitam ,
ṛṣayo lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca.
38. bhṛguḥ dadau ṛṣibhyaḥ tu tam daṇḍam dharmasaṃhitam
ṛṣayaḥ lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca
38. bhṛguḥ dadau ṛṣibhyaḥ tu tam daṇḍam dharmasaṃhitam
ṛṣayaḥ lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca
38. Bhrigu, in turn, gave that rod (daṇḍa), which embodies (natural) law (dharma), to the sages. The sages then gave it to the guardians of the world, and the guardians of the world [gave it] to Kshupa.
क्षुपस्तु मनवे प्रादादादित्यतनयाय च ।
पुत्रेभ्यः श्राद्धदेवस्तु सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारणात् ।
तं ददौ सूर्यपुत्रस्तु मनुर्वै रक्षणात्मकम् ॥३९॥
39. kṣupastu manave prādādādityatanayāya ca ,
putrebhyaḥ śrāddhadevastu sūkṣmadharmārthakāraṇāt ,
taṁ dadau sūryaputrastu manurvai rakṣaṇātmakam.
39. kṣupaḥ tu manave prādāt ādityatanayāya
ca putrebhyaḥ śrāddhadevaḥ tu
sūkṣmadharmārthakāraṇāt tam dadau
sūryaputraḥ tu manuḥ vai rakṣaṇātmakam
39. kṣupaḥ tu manave prādāt ādityatanayāya
ca putrebhyaḥ śrāddhadevaḥ tu
sūkṣmadharmārthakāraṇāt tam dadau
sūryaputraḥ tu manuḥ vai rakṣaṇātmakam
39. Kshupa then gave [it] to Manu, who is also known as the son of Aditya. Shraddhadeva (Manu), prompted by the subtle principles of (natural) law (dharma) and its purpose, gave it to his sons. Indeed, Manu, the son of Surya, gave that [rod], which is inherently protective.
विभज्य दण्डः कर्तव्यो धर्मेण न यदृच्छया ।
दुर्वाचा निग्रहो बन्धो हिरण्यं बाह्यतःक्रिया ॥४०॥
40. vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyo dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā ,
durvācā nigraho bandho hiraṇyaṁ bāhyataḥkriyā.
40. vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyaḥ dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā
durvācā nigrahaḥ bandhaḥ hiraṇyam bāhyataḥkriyā
40. vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyaḥ dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā
durvācā nigrahaḥ bandhaḥ hiraṇyam bāhyataḥkriyā
40. The application of justice (daṇḍa) should be carefully distinguished and administered in accordance with (natural) law (dharma), not arbitrarily. Reprimand by harsh words, physical restraint (e.g., imprisonment), and monetary penalties (hiraṇya) are the various external actions [of this justice].
व्यङ्गत्वं च शरीरस्य वधो वा नाल्पकारणात् ।
शरीरपीडास्तास्तास्तु देहत्यागो विवासनम् ॥४१॥
41. vyaṅgatvaṁ ca śarīrasya vadho vā nālpakāraṇāt ,
śarīrapīḍāstāstāstu dehatyāgo vivāsanam.
41. vyaṅgatvam ca śarīrasya vadhaḥ vā na alpakāraṇāt
| śarīrapīḍāḥ tāḥ tāḥ tu dehatyāgaḥ vivāsanam
41. śarīrasya vyaṅgatvam vā vadhaḥ na alpakāraṇāt
tu tāḥ tāḥ śarīrapīḍāḥ dehatyāgaḥ ca vivāsanam
41. Mutilation of the body or even death should not be inflicted for a trivial reason. Indeed, various bodily pains, the abandonment of the body, and banishment are also severe outcomes.
आनुपूर्व्या च दण्डोऽसौ प्रजा जागर्ति पालयन् ।
इन्द्रो जागर्ति भगवानिन्द्रादग्निर्विभावसुः ॥४२॥
42. ānupūrvyā ca daṇḍo'sau prajā jāgarti pālayan ,
indro jāgarti bhagavānindrādagnirvibhāvasuḥ.
42. ānupūrvyā ca daṇḍaḥ asau prajā jāgarti pālayan |
indraḥ jāgarti bhagavān indrāt agniḥ vibhāvasuḥ
42. ca ānupūrvyā asau daṇḍaḥ prajā pālayan jāgarti
bhagavān indraḥ jāgarti indrāt vibhāvasuḥ agniḥ
42. And this power of justice (daṇḍa), by being vigilant, protects the subjects in due order. The glorious Indra is vigilant; from Indra, the radiant Agni is vigilant.
अग्नेर्जागर्ति वरुणो वरुणाच्च प्रजापतिः ।
प्रजापतेस्ततो धर्मो जागर्ति विनयात्मकः ॥४३॥
43. agnerjāgarti varuṇo varuṇācca prajāpatiḥ ,
prajāpatestato dharmo jāgarti vinayātmakaḥ.
43. agneḥ jāgarti varuṇaḥ varuṇāt ca prajāpatiḥ |
prajāpateḥ tataḥ dharmaḥ jāgarti vinayātmakaḥ
43. agneḥ varuṇaḥ jāgarti ca varuṇāt prajāpatiḥ
prajāpateḥ tataḥ vinayātmakaḥ dharmaḥ jāgarti
43. From Agni, Varuṇa is vigilant. And from Varuṇa, Prajāpati is vigilant. From Prajāpati, then, the intrinsic nature (dharma) that embodies discipline is vigilant.
धर्माच्च ब्रह्मणः पुत्रो व्यवसायः सनातनः ।
व्यवसायात्ततस्तेजो जागर्ति परिपालयन् ॥४४॥
44. dharmācca brahmaṇaḥ putro vyavasāyaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
vyavasāyāttatastejo jāgarti paripālayan.
44. dharmāt ca brahmaṇaḥ putraḥ vyavasāyaḥ sanātanaḥ
| vyavasāyāt tataḥ tejaḥ jāgarti paripālayan
44. ca dharmāt brahmaṇaḥ putraḥ sanātanaḥ vyavasāyaḥ
vyavasāyāt tataḥ tejaḥ paripālayan jāgarti
44. And from natural law (dharma) is vigilant eternal determination (vyavasāya), the son of Brahmā. From that determination, then, splendor and power (tejas) are vigilant, fully preserving.
ओषध्यस्तेजसस्तस्मादोषधिभ्यश्च पर्वताः ।
पर्वतेभ्यश्च जागर्ति रसो रसगुणात्तथा ॥४५॥
45. oṣadhyastejasastasmādoṣadhibhyaśca parvatāḥ ,
parvatebhyaśca jāgarti raso rasaguṇāttathā.
45. oṣadhyaḥ tejasaḥ tasmāt oṣadhibhyaḥ ca parvatāḥ
parvatebhyaḥ ca jāgarti rasaḥ rasaguṇāt tathā
45. tasmāt tejasaḥ oṣadhyaḥ ca oṣadhibhyaḥ parvatāḥ
ca parvatebhyaḥ rasaḥ jāgarti tathā rasaguṇāt
45. Therefore, from the luminous principle (tejas) arise plants; and from plants, mountains. From mountains, an essence (rasa) awakens, and similarly, from the qualities of that essence (rasa).
जागर्ति निरृतिर्देवी ज्योतींषि निरृतेरपि ।
वेदाः प्रतिष्ठा ज्योतिर्भ्यस्ततो हयशिराः प्रभुः ॥४६॥
46. jāgarti nirṛtirdevī jyotīṁṣi nirṛterapi ,
vedāḥ pratiṣṭhā jyotirbhyastato hayaśirāḥ prabhuḥ.
46. jāgarti nirṛtiḥ devī jyotīṃṣi nirṛteḥ api vedāḥ
pratiṣṭhā jyotirbhyaḥ tataḥ hayaśirāḥ prabhuḥ
46. devī nirṛtiḥ jāgarti api nirṛteḥ jyotīṃṣi.
jyotirbhyaḥ vedāḥ pratiṣṭhā.
tataḥ prabhuḥ hayaśirāḥ
46. The goddess Nirṛti awakens, and from Nirṛti also arise the luminaries (jyoti). From these luminaries (jyoti), the Vedas find their foundation. Thence, the Lord Hayashiras (emerges).
ब्रह्मा पितामहस्तस्माज्जागर्ति प्रभुरव्ययः ।
पितामहान्महादेवो जागर्ति भगवाञ्शिवः ॥४७॥
47. brahmā pitāmahastasmājjāgarti prabhuravyayaḥ ,
pitāmahānmahādevo jāgarti bhagavāñśivaḥ.
47. brahmā pitāmahaḥ tasmāt jāgarti prabhuḥ avyayaḥ
pitāmahāt mahādevaḥ jāgarti bhagavān śivaḥ
47. tasmāt pitāmahaḥ avyayaḥ prabhuḥ brahmā jāgarti.
pitāmahāt bhagavān mahādevaḥ śivaḥ jāgarti
47. From that, the imperishable Lord Brahmā, the grandfather, awakens. From the grandfather (Brahmā), the blessed (bhagavān) Lord Śiva, the Great God (mahādeva), awakens.
विश्वेदेवाः शिवाच्चापि विश्वेभ्यश्च तथर्षयः ।
ऋषिभ्यो भगवान्सोमः सोमाद्देवाः सनातनाः ॥४८॥
48. viśvedevāḥ śivāccāpi viśvebhyaśca tatharṣayaḥ ,
ṛṣibhyo bhagavānsomaḥ somāddevāḥ sanātanāḥ.
48. viśvedevāḥ śivāt ca api viśvebhyaḥ ca tathā ṛṣayaḥ
ṛṣibhyaḥ bhagavān somaḥ somāt devāḥ sanātanāḥ
48. śivāt ca api viśvedevāḥ.
ca tathā viśvebhyaḥ ṛṣayaḥ.
ṛṣibhyaḥ bhagavān somaḥ.
somāt sanātanāḥ devāḥ
48. From Śiva, the Viśvedevas also awaken. And from the Viśvedevas, similarly, the sages (ṛṣi). From the sages (ṛṣi), the blessed (bhagavān) Soma (deity) awakens. From Soma, the eternal gods awaken.
देवेभ्यो ब्राह्मणा लोके जाग्रतीत्युपधारय ।
ब्राह्मणेभ्यश्च राजन्या लोकान्रक्षन्ति धर्मतः ।
स्थावरं जङ्गमं चैव क्षत्रियेभ्यः सनातनम् ॥४९॥
49. devebhyo brāhmaṇā loke jāgratītyupadhāraya ,
brāhmaṇebhyaśca rājanyā lokānrakṣanti dharmataḥ ,
sthāvaraṁ jaṅgamaṁ caiva kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam.
49. devebhyaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ loke jāgrati iti
upadhāraya brāhmaṇebhyaḥ ca rājanyāḥ
lokān rakṣanti dharmataḥ sthāvaram
jaṅgamam ca eva kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam
49. loke brāhmaṇāḥ devebhyaḥ jāgrati iti
upadhāraya ca rājanyāḥ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ
lokān dharmataḥ rakṣanti ca eva sthāvaram
jaṅgamam kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam
49. Understand this: Brahmins are vigilant in the world for the sake of the gods. And the royalty (kṣatriyas) protect the people righteously (dharmataḥ) for the sake of the Brahmins. Indeed, the entire static and moving creation (sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca eva) is perpetually sustained by the kṣatriyas.
प्रजा जाग्रति लोकेऽस्मिन्दण्डो जागर्ति तासु च ।
सर्वसंक्षेपको दण्डः पितामहसमः प्रभुः ॥५०॥
50. prajā jāgrati loke'smindaṇḍo jāgarti tāsu ca ,
sarvasaṁkṣepako daṇḍaḥ pitāmahasamaḥ prabhuḥ.
50. prajāḥ jāgrati loke asmin daṇḍaḥ jāgarti tāsu ca
sarvasaṃkṣepakaḥ daṇḍaḥ pitāmahasamaḥ prabhuḥ
50. asmin loke prajāḥ jāgrati ca tāsu daṇḍaḥ jāgarti
daṇḍaḥ sarvasaṃkṣepakaḥ prabhuḥ pitāmahasamaḥ
50. The people are vigilant in this world, and so is punishment (daṇḍa) among them. Punishment (daṇḍa) is the great all-restrainer and lord, equal to Brahmā (pitāmaha).
जागर्ति कालः पूर्वं च मध्ये चान्ते च भारत ।
ईश्वरः सर्वलोकस्य महादेवः प्रजापतिः ॥५१॥
51. jāgarti kālaḥ pūrvaṁ ca madhye cānte ca bhārata ,
īśvaraḥ sarvalokasya mahādevaḥ prajāpatiḥ.
51. jāgarti kālaḥ pūrvam ca madhye ca ante ca
bhārata īśvaraḥ sarvalokasya mahādevaḥ prajāpatiḥ
51. bhārata kālaḥ pūrvam ca madhye ca ante ca jāgarti
saḥ sarvalokasya īśvaraḥ mahādevaḥ prajāpatiḥ
51. O Bhārata, Time (kāla) is vigilant in the beginning, in the middle, and at the end. He is the Lord (īśvara) of all worlds, the Great God (mahādeva), the Lord of creatures (prajāpati).
देवदेवः शिवः शर्वो जागर्ति सततं प्रभुः ।
कपर्दी शंकरो रुद्रो भवः स्थाणुरुमापतिः ॥५२॥
52. devadevaḥ śivaḥ śarvo jāgarti satataṁ prabhuḥ ,
kapardī śaṁkaro rudro bhavaḥ sthāṇurumāpatiḥ.
52. devadevaḥ śivaḥ śarvaḥ jāgarti satatam prabhuḥ
kapardī śaṅkaraḥ rudraḥ bhavaḥ sthāṇuḥ umāpatiḥ
52. devadevaḥ śivaḥ śarvaḥ prabhuḥ satatam jāgarti saḥ
kapardī śaṅkaraḥ rudraḥ bhavaḥ sthāṇuḥ ca umāpatiḥ
52. Śiva, the God of gods, Śarva, the Lord, is constantly vigilant. He is Kapardī (one with matted hair), Śaṅkara (bestower of welfare), Rudra (the roarer), Bhava (existence), Sthāṇu (the immovable), and Umāpati (husband of Umā).
इत्येष दण्डो विख्यात आदौ मध्ये तथावरे ।
भूमिपालो यथान्यायं वर्तेतानेन धर्मवित् ॥५३॥
53. ityeṣa daṇḍo vikhyāta ādau madhye tathāvare ,
bhūmipālo yathānyāyaṁ vartetānena dharmavit.
53. iti eṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ vikhyātaḥ ādau madhye tathā avare
bhūmipālaḥ yathā nyāyam varteta anena dharmavit
53. eṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ iti vikhyātaḥ ādau madhye tathā avare
dharmavit bhūmipālaḥ anena yathā nyāyam varteta
53. Thus, this well-known principle of justice (daṇḍa) is [to be applied] in the beginning, in the middle, and in the end [of affairs, or to superior, mediocre, and inferior persons]. A king (bhūmipāla), who is knowledgeable in natural law (dharma), should act justly according to it.
भीष्म उवाच ।
इतीदं वसुहोमस्य शृणुयाद्यो मतं नरः ।
श्रुत्वा च सम्यग्वर्तेत स कामानाप्नुयान्नृपः ॥५४॥
54. bhīṣma uvāca ,
itīdaṁ vasuhomasya śṛṇuyādyo mataṁ naraḥ ,
śrutvā ca samyagvarteta sa kāmānāpnuyānnṛpaḥ.
54. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti idam vasuhomasya śṛṇuyāt yaḥ matam
naraḥ śrutvā ca samyak varteta saḥ kāmān āpnuyāt nṛpaḥ
54. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yaḥ naraḥ vasuhomasya idam matam śṛṇuyāt
ca śrutvā samyak varteta saḥ kāmān āpnuyāt nṛpaḥ
54. Bhishma said: The man (naraḥ) who listens to this opinion of Vasuhoma and, having heard it, acts properly, that king (nṛpa) will attain his desires.
इति ते सर्वमाख्यातं यो दण्डो मनुजर्षभ ।
नियन्ता सर्वलोकस्य धर्माक्रान्तस्य भारत ॥५५॥
55. iti te sarvamākhyātaṁ yo daṇḍo manujarṣabha ,
niyantā sarvalokasya dharmākrāntasya bhārata.
55. iti te sarvam ākhyātam yaḥ daṇḍaḥ manujarṣabha
niyantā sarvalokasya dharmākrāntasya bhārata
55. iti te sarvam ākhyātam yaḥ daṇḍaḥ sarvalokasya
dharmākrāntasya niyantā manujarṣabha bhārata
55. Thus, everything has been explained to you, O best of men (manujarṣabha), regarding this rod of justice (daṇḍa) which is the controller of all beings who are encompassed by natural law (dharma), O Bhārata.