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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-77

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
स्वकर्मण्यपरे युक्तास्तथैवान्ये विकर्मणि ।
तेषां विशेषमाचक्ष्व ब्राह्मणानां पितामह ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
svakarmaṇyapare yuktāstathaivānye vikarmaṇi ,
teṣāṁ viśeṣamācakṣva brāhmaṇānāṁ pitāmaha.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca svakarmaṇi apare yuktāḥ tathā eva anye
vikarmaṇi teṣām viśeṣam ācakṣva brāhmaṇānām pitāmaha
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha apare svakarmaṇi yuktāḥ tathā
eva anye vikarmaṇi teṣām brāhmaṇānām viśeṣam ācakṣva
1. Yudhishthira said: "Some are engaged in their prescribed duties (karma), while others are engaged in forbidden actions (vikarma). Grandfather, please explain to me the distinction among these brahmins."
भीष्म उवाच ।
विद्यालक्षणसंपन्नाः सर्वत्राम्नायदर्शिनः ।
एते ब्रह्मसमा राजन्ब्राह्मणाः परिकीर्तिताः ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
vidyālakṣaṇasaṁpannāḥ sarvatrāmnāyadarśinaḥ ,
ete brahmasamā rājanbrāhmaṇāḥ parikīrtitāḥ.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca vidyālakṣaṇasaṃpannāḥ sarvatra āmnāyadarśinaḥ
ete brahmasamāḥ rājan brāhmaṇāḥ parikīrtitāḥ
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājan vidyālakṣaṇasaṃpannāḥ sarvatra
āmnāyadarśinaḥ ete brāhmaṇāḥ brahmasamāḥ parikīrtitāḥ
2. Bhishma said: "Those endowed with knowledge and auspicious marks, who see the sacred tradition (āmnāya) everywhere - these brahmins, O King, are indeed declared to be equal to Brahman (brahman)."
ऋत्विगाचार्यसंपन्नाः स्वेषु कर्मस्ववस्थिताः ।
एते देवसमा राजन्ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत ॥३॥
3. ṛtvigācāryasaṁpannāḥ sveṣu karmasvavasthitāḥ ,
ete devasamā rājanbrāhmaṇānāṁ bhavantyuta.
3. ṛtvigācāryasaṃpannāḥ sveṣu karmasu avasthitāḥ
ete devasamāḥ rājan brāhmaṇānām bhavanti uta
3. rājan ṛtvigācāryasaṃpannāḥ sveṣu karmasu
avasthitāḥ ete brāhmaṇānām devasamāḥ uta bhavanti
3. O King, those who are endowed with the qualities of ritual priests (ṛtvik) and spiritual teachers (ācārya), and are steadfast in their own duties (karma) - these become indeed like gods among brahmins.
ऋत्विक्पुरोहितो मन्त्री दूतोऽथार्थानुशासकः ।
एते क्षत्रसमा राजन्ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत ॥४॥
4. ṛtvikpurohito mantrī dūto'thārthānuśāsakaḥ ,
ete kṣatrasamā rājanbrāhmaṇānāṁ bhavantyuta.
4. ṛtvik purohitaḥ mantrī dūtaḥ atha arthānuśāsakaḥ
ete kṣatrasamāḥ rājan brāhmaṇānām bhavanti uta
4. rājan ṛtvik purohitaḥ mantrī dūtaḥ atha arthānuśāsakaḥ
ete brāhmaṇānām kṣatrasamāḥ bhavanti uta
4. O King, the officiating priest, the royal chaplain, the minister, the envoy, and the administrator of finance - these Brahmins become equal to kṣatriyas.
अश्वारोहा गजारोहा रथिनोऽथ पदातयः ।
एते वैश्यसमा राजन्ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत ॥५॥
5. aśvārohā gajārohā rathino'tha padātayaḥ ,
ete vaiśyasamā rājanbrāhmaṇānāṁ bhavantyuta.
5. aśvārohāḥ gajārohāḥ rathinaḥ atha padātayaḥ
ete vaiśyasamāḥ rājan brāhmaṇānām bhavanti uta
5. rājan aśvārohāḥ gajārohāḥ rathinaḥ atha padātayaḥ
ete brāhmaṇānām vaiśyasamāḥ bhavanti uta
5. O King, the horsemen, elephant riders, charioteers, and foot soldiers - these Brahmins become equal to vaiśyas.
जन्मकर्मविहीना ये कदर्या ब्रह्मबन्धवः ।
एते शूद्रसमा राजन्ब्राह्मणानां भवन्त्युत ॥६॥
6. janmakarmavihīnā ye kadaryā brahmabandhavaḥ ,
ete śūdrasamā rājanbrāhmaṇānāṁ bhavantyuta.
6. janmakarmavihīnāḥ ye kadaryāḥ brahmabandhavaḥ
ete śūdrasamāḥ rājan brāhmaṇānām bhavanti uta
6. rājan ye brāhmaṇānām janmakarmavihīnāḥ kadaryāḥ
brahmabandhavaḥ ete śūdrasamāḥ bhavanti uta
6. O King, those Brahmins who are devoid of proper birth and virtuous actions, who are miserly, and who are Brahmins in name only - these become equal to śūdras.
अश्रोत्रियाः सर्व एव सर्वे चानाहिताग्नयः ।
तान्सर्वान्धार्मिको राजा बलिं विष्टिं च कारयेत् ॥७॥
7. aśrotriyāḥ sarva eva sarve cānāhitāgnayaḥ ,
tānsarvāndhārmiko rājā baliṁ viṣṭiṁ ca kārayet.
7. aśrotriyāḥ sarve eva sarve ca anāhitāgnayaḥ tān
sarvān dhārmikaḥ rājā balim viṣṭim ca kārayet
7. sarve eva aśrotriyāḥ ca sarve anāhitāgnayaḥ
dhārmikaḥ rājā tān sarvān balim ca viṣṭim kārayet
7. All those who are not learned in the Vedas, and all who have not maintained the sacred fires - the king who upholds (dharma) should make all of them pay taxes and perform forced labor.
आह्वायका देवलका नक्षत्रग्रामयाजकाः ।
एते ब्राह्मणचण्डाला महापथिकपञ्चमाः ॥८॥
8. āhvāyakā devalakā nakṣatragrāmayājakāḥ ,
ete brāhmaṇacaṇḍālā mahāpathikapañcamāḥ.
8. āhvāyakāḥ devalakāḥ nakṣatragrāmayājakāḥ
ete brāhmaṇacaṇḍālāḥ mahāpathikapañcamāḥ
8. āhvāyakāḥ devalakāḥ nakṣatragrāmayājakāḥ
mahāpathikapañcamāḥ ete brāhmaṇacaṇḍālāḥ
8. Summoners (of deities), temple priests, and those who perform rituals for constellations or villages – these are considered outcast Brahmins (brāhmaṇa-caṇḍālāḥ), with great travelers (mahāpathika) as the fifth category.
एतेभ्यो बलिमादद्याद्धीनकोशो महीपतिः ।
ऋते ब्रह्मसमेभ्यश्च देवकल्पेभ्य एव च ॥९॥
9. etebhyo balimādadyāddhīnakośo mahīpatiḥ ,
ṛte brahmasamebhyaśca devakalpebhya eva ca.
9. etebhyaḥ balim ādadhyāt hīnakośaḥ mahīpatiḥ
ṛte brahmasamebhyaḥ ca devakalpebhyah eva ca
9. hīnakośaḥ mahīpatiḥ etebhyaḥ balim ādadhyāt
ṛte brahmasamebhyaḥ ca devakalpebhyah eva ca
9. A king (mahīpatiḥ) whose treasury is depleted may accept offerings (bali) from these (types of Brahmins), but certainly not from those who are equal to Brahman (brahmasama) or those who resemble deities.
अब्राह्मणानां वित्तस्य स्वामी राजेति वैदिकम् ।
ब्राह्मणानां च ये केचिद्विकर्मस्था भवन्त्युत ॥१०॥
10. abrāhmaṇānāṁ vittasya svāmī rājeti vaidikam ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ ca ye kecidvikarmasthā bhavantyuta.
10. abrāhmaṇānām vittasya svāmī rājā iti vaidikam
brāhmaṇānām ca ye kecit vikarmasthāḥ bhavanti uta
10. abrāhmaṇānām vittasya svāmī rājā iti vaidikam ca
uta brāhmaṇānām ye kecit vikarmasthāḥ bhavanti
10. The king is the master of the wealth of non-Brahmins; this is a Vedic (vaidika) teaching. And any Brahmins who are engaged in forbidden actions (vikarma) are also (subject to the king's authority).
विकर्मस्थास्तु नोपेक्ष्या जातु राज्ञा कथंचन ।
नियम्याः संविभज्याश्च धर्मानुग्रहकाम्यया ॥११॥
11. vikarmasthāstu nopekṣyā jātu rājñā kathaṁcana ,
niyamyāḥ saṁvibhajyāśca dharmānugrahakāmyayā.
11. vikarmasthāḥ tu na upekṣyāḥ jātu rājñā kathaṃcana
niyamyāḥ saṃvibhajyāḥ ca dharmānugrahakāmyayā
11. tu vikarmasthāḥ rājñā kathaṃcana jātu na upekṣyāḥ
ca dharmānugrahakāmyayā niyamyāḥ saṃvibhajyāḥ
11. However, those who are engaged in forbidden actions (vikarma) should never be ignored by the king under any circumstances. They must be controlled and their resources distributed, with the aim of upholding natural law (dharma) and showing proper regard (anugraha).
यस्य स्म विषये राज्ञः स्तेनो भवति वै द्विजः ।
राज्ञ एवापराधं तं मन्यन्ते तद्विदो जनाः ॥१२॥
12. yasya sma viṣaye rājñaḥ steno bhavati vai dvijaḥ ,
rājña evāparādhaṁ taṁ manyante tadvido janāḥ.
12. yasya sma viṣaye rājñaḥ stenaḥ bhavati vai dvijaḥ
rājñaḥ eva aparādham tam manyante tadvidaḥ janāḥ
12. yasya rājñaḥ viṣaye dvijaḥ vai stenaḥ bhavati sma,
tadvidaḥ janāḥ tam aparādham rājñaḥ eva manyante.
12. If a twice-born (dvija) person indeed becomes a thief in the domain of a king, those who know the law (dharma) consider that offense to be the king's own transgression.
अवृत्त्या यो भवेत्स्तेनो वेदवित्स्नातकस्तथा ।
राजन्स राज्ञा भर्तव्य इति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥१३॥
13. avṛttyā yo bhavetsteno vedavitsnātakastathā ,
rājansa rājñā bhartavya iti dharmavido viduḥ.
13. avṛttyā yaḥ bhavet stenaḥ vedavit snātakaḥ tathā
rājan saḥ rājñā bhartavyaḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ
13. rājan,
yaḥ vedavit snātakaḥ tathā avṛttyā stenaḥ bhavet,
saḥ rājñā bhartavyaḥ.
iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ.
13. O King, those who know the law (dharma) understand that a Vedic scholar and snātaka (a graduate from Vedic studies) who becomes a thief due to lack of livelihood should be maintained by the king.
स चेन्नो परिवर्तेत कृतवृत्तिः परंतप ।
ततो निर्वासनीयः स्यात्तस्माद्देशात्सबान्धवः ॥१४॥
14. sa cenno parivarteta kṛtavṛttiḥ paraṁtapa ,
tato nirvāsanīyaḥ syāttasmāddeśātsabāndhavaḥ.
14. saḥ cet na parivarteta kṛtavṛttiḥ paraṃtapa
tataḥ nirvāsanīyaḥ syāt tasmāt deśāt sabāndhavaḥ
14. paraṃtapa,
cet saḥ kṛtavṛttiḥ na parivarteta,
tataḥ saḥ sabāndhavaḥ tasmāt deśāt nirvāsanīyaḥ syāt.
14. O tormentor of foes (Parantapa), if, even after being provided a livelihood, he does not desist (from stealing), then he should be expelled from that country along with his relatives.