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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-23

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वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तस्तु कौन्तेयो गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
नोवाच किंचित्कौरव्यस्ततो द्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ॥१॥
1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktastu kaunteyo guḍākeśena bhārata ,
novāca kiṁcitkauravyastato dvaipāyano'bravīt.
1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam uktaḥ tu kaunteyaḥ guḍākeśena
bhārata na uvāca kiṃcit kauravyaḥ tataḥ dvaipāyanaḥ abravīt
1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca bhārata guḍākeśena evam uktaḥ tu
kaunteyaḥ kauravyaḥ kiṃcit na uvāca tataḥ dvaipāyanaḥ abravīt
1. Vaiśampāyana said: O Bhārata, when the son of Kuntī (Arjuna) was thus addressed by Guḍākeśa, the Kuru scion (Yudhishthira) said nothing. Then, Dvaipāyana (Vyāsa) spoke.
बीभत्सोर्वचनं सम्यक्सत्यमेतद्युधिष्ठिर ।
शास्त्रदृष्टः परो धर्मः स्मृतो गार्हस्थ्य आश्रमः ॥२॥
2. bībhatsorvacanaṁ samyaksatyametadyudhiṣṭhira ,
śāstradṛṣṭaḥ paro dharmaḥ smṛto gārhasthya āśramaḥ.
2. bībhatsoḥ vacanam samyak satyam etat yudhiṣṭhira
śāstradṛṣṭaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ gārhasthyaḥ āśramaḥ
2. yudhiṣṭhira bībhatsoḥ vacanam samyak satyam etat
śāstradṛṣṭaḥ gārhasthyaḥ āśramaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ
2. O Yudhishthira, the words of Bibhatsu (Arjuna) are completely true. The householder's stage of life (āśrama) is declared to be the supreme natural law (dharma), as envisioned in the scriptures.
स्वधर्मं चर धर्मज्ञ यथाशास्त्रं यथाविधि ।
न हि गार्हस्थ्यमुत्सृज्य तवारण्यं विधीयते ॥३॥
3. svadharmaṁ cara dharmajña yathāśāstraṁ yathāvidhi ,
na hi gārhasthyamutsṛjya tavāraṇyaṁ vidhīyate.
3. svadharmam cara dharmajña yathāśāstram yathāvidhi
na hi gārhasthyam utsṛjya tava āraṇyam vidhīyate
3. dharmajña svadharmam yathāśāstram yathāvidhi cara
hi gārhasthyam utsṛjya tava āraṇyam na vidhīyate
3. O knower of natural law (dharma), practice your own intrinsic nature (dharma) in accordance with the scriptures and tradition. For after abandoning the householder's life (gārhasthya), the forest-dwelling stage of life (āraṇyam) is not prescribed for you.
गृहस्थं हि सदा देवाः पितर ऋषयस्तथा ।
भृत्याश्चैवोपजीवन्ति तान्भजस्व महीपते ॥४॥
4. gṛhasthaṁ hi sadā devāḥ pitara ṛṣayastathā ,
bhṛtyāścaivopajīvanti tānbhajasva mahīpate.
4. gṛhasthaṃ hi sadā devāḥ pitaraḥ ṛṣayaḥ tathā
bhṛtyāḥ ca eva upajīvanti tān bhajasva mahīpate
4. mahīpate hi devāḥ pitaraḥ ṛṣayaḥ tathā ca eva
bhṛtyāḥ sadā gṛhasthaṃ upajīvanti tān bhajasva
4. Indeed, O King, the gods, ancestors, sages, and dependents always rely upon the householder. Therefore, you should attend to them.
वयांसि पशवश्चैव भूतानि च महीपते ।
गृहस्थैरेव धार्यन्ते तस्माज्ज्येष्ठाश्रमो गृही ॥५॥
5. vayāṁsi paśavaścaiva bhūtāni ca mahīpate ,
gṛhasthaireva dhāryante tasmājjyeṣṭhāśramo gṛhī.
5. vayāṃsi paśavaḥ ca eva bhūtāni ca mahīpate
gṛhasthaiḥ eva dhāryante tasmāt jyeṣṭhāśramaḥ gṛhī
5. mahīpate vayāṃsi ca paśavaḥ ca eva bhūtāni
gṛhasthaiḥ eva dhāryante tasmāt gṛhī jyeṣṭhāśramaḥ
5. O King, birds, animals, and all other beings are indeed sustained by householders alone. Therefore, the householder (āśrama) is the greatest stage of life (āśrama).
सोऽयं चतुर्णामेतेषामाश्रमाणां दुराचरः ।
तं चराविमनाः पार्थ दुश्चरं दुर्बलेन्द्रियैः ॥६॥
6. so'yaṁ caturṇāmeteṣāmāśramāṇāṁ durācaraḥ ,
taṁ carāvimanāḥ pārtha duścaraṁ durbalendriyaiḥ.
6. saḥ ayam caturṇām eteṣām āśramāṇām durācaraḥ tam
cara avimanāḥ pārtha duścaram durbalendriyaiḥ
6. pārtha saḥ ayam eteṣām caturṇām āśramāṇām durācaraḥ
durbalendriyaiḥ duścaram tam avimanāḥ cara
6. This stage [of householder life] is indeed difficult to practice among these four stages of life (āśrama). O Pārtha, you should observe it with an unwavering mind, as it is difficult for those with weak senses to follow.
वेदज्ञानं च ते कृत्स्नं तपश्च चरितं महत् ।
पितृपैतामहे राज्ये धुरमुद्वोढुमर्हसि ॥७॥
7. vedajñānaṁ ca te kṛtsnaṁ tapaśca caritaṁ mahat ,
pitṛpaitāmahe rājye dhuramudvoḍhumarhasi.
7. vedajñānam ca te kṛtsnam tapaḥ ca caritam mahat
pitṛpaitāmahe rājye dhuram udvoḍhum arhasi
7. te kṛtsnam vedajñānam ca mahat tapaḥ ca caritam
pitṛpaitāmahe rājye dhuram udvoḍhum arhasi
7. You possess complete knowledge of the Vedas and have performed great austerity (tapas). Therefore, you are capable of bearing the burden of your ancestral kingdom.
तपो यज्ञस्तथा विद्या भैक्षमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
ध्यानमेकान्तशीलत्वं तुष्टिर्दानं च शक्तितः ॥८॥
8. tapo yajñastathā vidyā bhaikṣamindriyanigrahaḥ ,
dhyānamekāntaśīlatvaṁ tuṣṭirdānaṁ ca śaktitaḥ.
8. tapaḥ yajñaḥ tathā vidyā bhaikṣam indriya-nigrahaḥ
dhyānam ekānta-śīlatvam tuṣṭiḥ dānam ca śaktitaḥ
8. tapaḥ yajñaḥ tathā vidyā bhaikṣam indriya-nigrahaḥ
dhyānam ekānta-śīlatvam tuṣṭiḥ dānam ca śaktitaḥ
8. Austerity (tapas), Vedic ritual (yajña), knowledge, alms-begging, control of the senses, meditation (dhyāna), the habit of solitude, contentment, and charity (dāna) given according to one's ability.
ब्राह्मणानां महाराज चेष्टाः संसिद्धिकारिकाः ।
क्षत्रियाणां च वक्ष्यामि तवापि विदितं पुनः ॥९॥
9. brāhmaṇānāṁ mahārāja ceṣṭāḥ saṁsiddhikārikāḥ ,
kṣatriyāṇāṁ ca vakṣyāmi tavāpi viditaṁ punaḥ.
9. brāhmaṇānām mahārāja ceṣṭāḥ saṃsiddhi-kārikāḥ
kṣatriyāṇām ca vakṣyāmi tava api viditam punaḥ
9. mahārāja brāhmaṇānām ceṣṭāḥ saṃsiddhi-kārikāḥ
ca kṣatriyāṇām vakṣyāmi tava api viditam punaḥ
9. O great king (mahārāja), these are the actions of Brahmins that lead to perfect fulfillment. I will now explain the actions of the Kshatriyas, which are also known to you.
यज्ञो विद्या समुत्थानमसंतोषः श्रियं प्रति ।
दण्डधारणमत्युग्रं प्रजानां परिपालनम् ॥१०॥
10. yajño vidyā samutthānamasaṁtoṣaḥ śriyaṁ prati ,
daṇḍadhāraṇamatyugraṁ prajānāṁ paripālanam.
10. yajñaḥ vidyā samutthānam asantoṣaḥ śriyam prati
daṇḍa-dhāraṇam aty-ugram prajānām paripālanam
10. yajñaḥ vidyā samutthānam śriyam prati asantoṣaḥ
aty-ugram daṇḍa-dhāraṇam prajānām paripālanam
10. Ritual Vedic ritual (yajña), knowledge, vigorous exertion, dissatisfaction regarding prosperity, the very severe wielding of punishment, and the protection of the subjects.
वेदज्ञानं तथा कृत्स्नं तपः सुचरितं तथा ।
द्रविणोपार्जनं भूरि पात्रेषु प्रतिपादनम् ॥११॥
11. vedajñānaṁ tathā kṛtsnaṁ tapaḥ sucaritaṁ tathā ,
draviṇopārjanaṁ bhūri pātreṣu pratipādanam.
11. veda-jñānam tathā kṛtsnam tapaḥ sucaritam tathā
draviṇopa-arjanam bhūri pātreṣu pratipādanam
11. tathā kṛtsnam veda-jñānam tathā sucaritam tapaḥ
bhūri draviṇopa-arjanam pātreṣu pratipādanam
11. Complete knowledge of the Vedas, well-practiced austerity (tapas), and the abundant acquisition of wealth, followed by its distribution (dāna) to worthy recipients.
एतानि राज्ञां कर्माणि सुकृतानि विशां पते ।
इमं लोकममुं लोकं साधयन्तीति नः श्रुतम् ॥१२॥
12. etāni rājñāṁ karmāṇi sukṛtāni viśāṁ pate ,
imaṁ lokamamuṁ lokaṁ sādhayantīti naḥ śrutam.
12. etāni rājñām karmāṇi sukṛtāni viśām pate imam
lokam amum lokam sādhayanti iti naḥ śrutam
12. viśām pate rājñām etāni sukṛtāni karmāṇi imam
lokam amum lokam sādhayanti iti naḥ śrutam
12. O lord of the people, it is heard by us that these well-performed actions (karma) of kings secure both this world and the next.
तेषां ज्यायस्तु कौन्तेय दण्डधारणमुच्यते ।
बलं हि क्षत्रिये नित्यं बले दण्डः समाहितः ॥१३॥
13. teṣāṁ jyāyastu kaunteya daṇḍadhāraṇamucyate ,
balaṁ hi kṣatriye nityaṁ bale daṇḍaḥ samāhitaḥ.
13. teṣām jyāyaḥ tu kaunteya daṇḍadhāraṇam ucyate
balam hi kṣatriye nityam bale daṇḍaḥ samāhitaḥ
13. kaunteya tu teṣām daṇḍadhāraṇam jyāyaḥ ucyate
hi kṣatriye nityam balam bale daṇḍaḥ samāhitaḥ
13. But among those, O son of Kunti, the wielding of the rod of justice is declared to be superior. For indeed, strength constantly resides in a kṣatriya, and justice is established in strength.
एताश्चेष्टाः क्षत्रियाणां राजन्संसिद्धिकारिकाः ।
अपि गाथामिमां चापि बृहस्पतिरभाषत ॥१४॥
14. etāśceṣṭāḥ kṣatriyāṇāṁ rājansaṁsiddhikārikāḥ ,
api gāthāmimāṁ cāpi bṛhaspatirabhāṣata.
14. etāḥ ca iṣṭāḥ kṣatriyāṇām rājan saṃsiddhikārikāḥ
api gāthām imām ca api bṛhaspatiḥ abhāṣata
14. rājan etāḥ ca iṣṭāḥ saṃsiddhikārikāḥ kṣatriyāṇām
ceṣṭāḥ api bṛhaspatiḥ imām gāthām ca api abhāṣata
14. O King, these are the proper and success-bringing actions for kṣatriyas. Moreover, Bṛhaspati also spoke this very verse.
भूमिरेतौ निगिरति सर्पो बिलशयानिव ।
राजानं चाविरोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम् ॥१५॥
15. bhūmiretau nigirati sarpo bilaśayāniva ,
rājānaṁ cāviroddhāraṁ brāhmaṇaṁ cāpravāsinam.
15. bhūmiḥ etau nigirati sarpaḥ bilaśayān iva
rājānam ca aviroddhāram brāhmaṇam ca apravāsinam
15. bhūmiḥ etau nigirati sarpaḥ bilaśayān iva ca
rājānam aviroddhāram ca brāhmaṇam apravāsinam
15. The earth swallows these two, just as a snake swallows those sleeping in holes: a king who does not resist (or defend his kingdom), and a brahmin who does not leave his abode (or travel abroad for knowledge).
सुद्युम्नश्चापि राजर्षिः श्रूयते दण्डधारणात् ।
प्राप्तवान्परमां सिद्धिं दक्षः प्राचेतसो यथा ॥१६॥
16. sudyumnaścāpi rājarṣiḥ śrūyate daṇḍadhāraṇāt ,
prāptavānparamāṁ siddhiṁ dakṣaḥ prācetaso yathā.
16. sudyumṇaḥ ca api rājarṣiḥ śrūyate daṇḍadhāraṇāt
prāptavān paramām siddhim dakṣaḥ prācetasaḥ yathā
16. rājarṣiḥ sudyumṇaḥ ca api daṇḍadhāraṇāt paramām
siddhim prāptavān śrūyate yathā prācetasaḥ dakṣaḥ
16. It is heard that the royal sage Sudyumna also attained supreme spiritual perfection (siddhi) through the exercise of his righteous authority, just as Dakṣa Prācetasa did.