Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-184

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
भरद्वाज उवाच ।
दानस्य किं फलं प्राहुर्धर्मस्य चरितस्य च ।
तपसश्च सुतप्तस्य स्वाध्यायस्य हुतस्य च ॥१॥
1. bharadvāja uvāca ,
dānasya kiṁ phalaṁ prāhurdharmasya caritasya ca ,
tapasaśca sutaptasya svādhyāyasya hutasya ca.
1. bharadvāja uvāca dānasya kim phalam prāhuḥ dharmasya
caritasya ca tapasaḥ ca sutaptasya svādhyāyasya hutasya ca
1. bharadvāja uvāca dānasya dharmasya caritasya tapasaḥ
sutaptasya svādhyāyasya hutasya ca ca kim phalam prāhuḥ
1. Bharadvāja said: "What result do they declare for charity (dāna), and for the natural law (dharma) that has been practiced, and for severe asceticism (tapas) performed well, and for Vedic study (svādhyāya) and oblations offered?"
भृगुरुवाच ।
हुतेन शाम्यते पापं स्वाध्याये शान्तिरुत्तमा ।
दानेन भोग इत्याहुस्तपसा सर्वमाप्नुयात् ॥२॥
2. bhṛguruvāca ,
hutena śāmyate pāpaṁ svādhyāye śāntiruttamā ,
dānena bhoga ityāhustapasā sarvamāpnuyāt.
2. bhṛgu uvāca hutena śāmyate pāpam svādhyāye śāntiḥ
uttamā dānena bhogaḥ iti āhuḥ tapasā sarvam āpnuyāt
2. bhṛgu uvāca hutena pāpam śāmyate svādhyāye uttamā
śāntiḥ dānena bhogaḥ iti āhuḥ tapasā sarvam āpnuyāt
2. Bhṛgu said: "Sin is pacified by oblations (huta), and supreme peace is found in Vedic study (svādhyāya). They say enjoyment (bhoga) comes through charity (dāna); through asceticism (tapas) one obtains all."
दानं तु द्विविधं प्राहुः परत्रार्थमिहैव च ।
सद्भ्यो यद्दीयते किंचित्तत्परत्रोपतिष्ठति ॥३॥
3. dānaṁ tu dvividhaṁ prāhuḥ paratrārthamihaiva ca ,
sadbhyo yaddīyate kiṁcittatparatropatiṣṭhati.
3. dānam tu dvividham prāhuḥ paratra artham iha eva ca
sadbhyaḥ yat dīyate kiñcit tat paratra upatiṣṭhati
3. dānam tu dvividham prāhuḥ paratra artham iha eva ca.
yat kiñcit sadbhyaḥ dīyate tat paratra upatiṣṭhati
3. They declare charity (dāna) to be of two kinds: that for the sake of the other world (paratra) and that for this world (iha) itself. Whatever is given to the virtuous (sat), that accrues in the other world (paratra).
असत्सु दीयते यत्तु तद्दानमिह भुज्यते ।
यादृशं दीयते दानं तादृशं फलमाप्यते ॥४॥
4. asatsu dīyate yattu taddānamiha bhujyate ,
yādṛśaṁ dīyate dānaṁ tādṛśaṁ phalamāpyate.
4. asatsu dīyate yat tu tat dānam iha bhujyate
yādṛśam dīyate dānam tādṛśam phalam āpyate
4. yat tu asatsu dīyate tat dānam iha bhujyate
yādṛśam dānam dīyate tādṛśam phalam āpyate
4. But whatever is given to the unworthy, that charity (dāna) is enjoyed in this world (iha). As is the charity (dāna) given, such is the fruit obtained.
भरद्वाज उवाच ।
किं कस्य धर्मचरणं किं वा धर्मस्य लक्षणम् ।
धर्मः कतिविधो वापि तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥५॥
5. bharadvāja uvāca ,
kiṁ kasya dharmacaraṇaṁ kiṁ vā dharmasya lakṣaṇam ,
dharmaḥ katividho vāpi tadbhavānvaktumarhati.
5. bharadvāja uvāca kim kasya dharmacaraṇam kim vā dharmasya
lakṣaṇam dharmaḥ katividhaḥ vā api tat bhavān vaktum arhati
5. bharadvāja uvāca bhavān tat vaktum arhati kim kasya
dharmacaraṇam vā dharmasya kim lakṣaṇam vā dharmaḥ katividhaḥ api
5. Bhāradvāja said: "What is the proper conduct of one's intrinsic nature (dharma) for each person, or what is the definition of intrinsic nature (dharma)? And how many types of intrinsic nature (dharma) are there? You, revered sir, are qualified to explain that."
भृगुरुवाच ।
स्वधर्मचरणे युक्ता ये भवन्ति मनीषिणः ।
तेषां धर्मफलावाप्तिर्योऽन्यथा स विमुह्यति ॥६॥
6. bhṛguruvāca ,
svadharmacaraṇe yuktā ye bhavanti manīṣiṇaḥ ,
teṣāṁ dharmaphalāvāptiryo'nyathā sa vimuhyati.
6. bhṛguḥ uvāca svadharmacaraṇe yuktāḥ ye bhavanti manīṣiṇaḥ
teṣām dharmaphalāvāptiḥ yaḥ anyathā saḥ vimuhyati
6. bhṛguḥ uvāca ye manīṣiṇaḥ svadharmacaraṇe yuktāḥ bhavanti
teṣām dharmaphalāvāptiḥ yaḥ anyathā saḥ vimuhyati
6. Bhṛgu said: "Those wise persons who are engaged in the practice of their own intrinsic nature (dharma) attain the fruit of (dharma). He who acts otherwise becomes deluded."
भरद्वाज उवाच ।
यदेतच्चातुराश्रम्यं ब्रह्मर्षिविहितं पुरा ।
तेषां स्वे स्वे य आचारास्तान्मे वक्तुमिहार्हसि ॥७॥
7. bharadvāja uvāca ,
yadetaccāturāśramyaṁ brahmarṣivihitaṁ purā ,
teṣāṁ sve sve ya ācārāstānme vaktumihārhasi.
7. bharadvāja uvāca yat etat cāturāśramyam brahmarṣivihitam
purā teṣām sve sve ye ācārāḥ tān me vaktum iha arhasi
7. bharadvāja uvāca yat etat cāturāśramyam brahmarṣivihitam
purā teṣām sve sve ye ācārāḥ tān me iha vaktum arhasi
7. Bhāradvāja said: "Please tell me here what are the respective observances for each of those four systems of life (āśrama) that were ordained by the Brahmarṣis in ancient times."
भृगुरुवाच ।
पूर्वमेव भगवता लोकहितमनुतिष्ठता धर्मसंरक्षणार्थमाश्रमाश्चत्वारोऽभिनिर्दिष्टाः ।
तत्र गुरुकुलवासमेव तावत्प्रथममाश्रममुदाहरन्ति ।
सम्यगत्र शौचसंस्कारविनयनियमप्रणीतो विनीतात्मा उभे संध्ये भास्कराग्निदैवतान्युपस्थाय विहाय तन्द्रालस्ये गुरोरभिवादनवेदाभ्यासश्रवणपवित्रीकृतान्तरात्मा त्रिषवणमुपस्पृश्य ब्रह्मचर्याग्निपरिचरणगुरुशुश्रूषानित्यो भैक्षादिसर्वनिवेदितान्तरात्मा गुरुवचननिर्देशानुष्ठानाप्रतिकूलो गुरुप्रसादलब्धस्वाध्यायतत्परः स्यात् ॥८॥
8. bhṛguruvāca ,
pūrvameva bhagavatā lokahitamanutiṣṭhatā dharmasaṁrakṣaṇārthamāśramāścatvāro'bhinirdiṣṭāḥ ,
tatra gurukulavāsameva tāvatprathamamāśramamudāharanti ,
samyagatra śaucasaṁskāravinayaniyamapraṇīto vinītātmā ubhe saṁdhye bhāskarāgnidaivatānyupasthāya vihāya tandrālasye gurorabhivādanavedābhyāsaśravaṇapavitrīkṛtāntarātmā triṣavaṇamupaspṛśya brahmacaryāgniparicaraṇaguruśuśrūṣānityo bhaikṣādisarvaniveditāntarātmā guruvacananirdeśānuṣṭhānāpratikūlo guruprasādalabdhasvādhyāyatatparaḥ syāt.
8. bhṛguḥ uvāca pūrvam eva bhagavatā lokahitam anutiṣṭhatā dharmasaṃrakṣaṇārtham āśramāḥ catvāraḥ abhinirdiṣṭāḥ tatra gurukulavāsam
eva tāvat prathamam āśramam udāharanti samyak atra śaucasaṃskāravinayaniyamapraṇītaḥ vinītātmā ubhe saṃdhye bhāskarāgnidaivatāni
upasthāya vihāya tandrālasye guroḥ abhivādanavedābhyāsaśravaṇapavitrīkṛtāntarātmā triṣavaṇam upaspṛśya
brahmacaryāgniparicaraṇaguruśuśrūṣānityaḥ bhaikṣādisarvaniveditāntarātmā guruvacananirdeśānuṣṭhānāpratikūlaḥ guruprasādalabdhasvādhyāyatatparaḥ syāt
8. bhṛguḥ uvāca pūrvam eva lokahitam anutiṣṭhatā bhagavatā dharmasaṃrakṣaṇārtham catvāraḥ āśramāḥ abhinirdiṣṭāḥ tatra tāvat
gurukulavāsam eva prathamam āśramam udāharanti atra samyak śaucasaṃskāravinayaniyamapraṇītaḥ vinītātmā ubhe saṃdhye bhāskarāgnidaivatāni
upasthāya tandrālasye vihāya guroḥ abhivādanavedābhyāsaśravaṇapavitrīkṛtāntarātmā triṣavaṇam upaspṛśya
brahmacaryāgniparicaraṇaguruśuśrūṣānityaḥ bhaikṣādisarvaniveditāntarātmā guruvacananirdeśānuṣṭhānāpratikūlaḥ guruprasādalabdhasvādhyāyatatparaḥ syāt
8. Bhṛgu said: "Indeed, by the revered one (the Lord), who was always devoted to the welfare of the world, four stages of life (āśrama) were designated for the sake of preserving natural law (dharma). Among these, they first declare residence in the teacher's (guru) household (gurukula) to be the initial stage of life (āśrama). In this stage, a student should be one whose self (ātman) is disciplined, properly guided by purity, training (saṃskāra), humility, and rules. They should worship the deities of the sun and fire at both twilight times, having cast aside lethargy and idleness. Their inner self (antarātman) should be purified by saluting the teacher (guru), studying the Vedas, and listening to teachings. They should bathe thrice daily and be constantly devoted to celibacy (brahmacarya), tending the sacred fire, and serving the teacher (guru). Their inner self (antarātman) should be entirely dedicated (to the teacher) through begging for alms and other duties, not opposing the instructions and commands of the teacher (guru). They should diligently engage in self-study (svādhyāya) obtained through the grace of the teacher (guru)."
भवति चात्र
श्लोकः ॥९॥
9. bhavati
cātra ślokaḥ.
9. bhavati ca
atra ślokaḥ
9. atra ca ślokaḥ
bhavati
9. And here there is a verse.
गार्हस्थ्यं खलु द्वितीयमाश्रमं वदन्ति ।
तस्य समुदाचारलक्षणं सर्वमनुव्याख्यास्यामः ।
समावृत्तानां सदाराणां सहधर्मचर्याफलार्थिनां गृहाश्रमो विधीयते ।
धर्मार्थकामावाप्तिर्ह्यत्र त्रिवर्गसाधनमवेक्ष्यागर्हितेन कर्मणा धनान्यादाय स्वाध्यायप्रकर्षोपलब्धेन ब्रह्मर्षिनिर्मितेन वा अद्रिसारगतेन वा हव्यनियमाभ्यासदैवतप्रसादोपलब्धेन वा धनेन गृहस्थो गार्हस्थ्यं प्रवर्तयेत् ।
तद्धि सर्वाश्रमाणां मूलमुदाहरन्ति ।
गुरुकुलवासिनः परिव्राजका ये चान्ये संकल्पितव्रतनियमधर्मानुष्ठायिनस्तेषामप्यत एव भिक्षाबलिसंविभागाः प्रवर्तन्ते ॥१०॥
10. gārhasthyaṁ khalu dvitīyamāśramaṁ vadanti ,
tasya samudācāralakṣaṇaṁ sarvamanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ ,
samāvṛttānāṁ sadārāṇāṁ sahadharmacaryāphalārthināṁ gṛhāśramo vidhīyate ,
dharmārthakāmāvāptirhyatra trivargasādhanamavekṣyāgarhitena karmaṇā dhanānyādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena brahmarṣinirmitena vā adrisāragatena vā havyaniyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhastho gārhasthyaṁ pravartayet ,
taddhi sarvāśramāṇāṁ mūlamudāharanti ,
gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakā ye cānye saṁkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinasteṣāmapyata eva bhikṣābalisaṁvibhāgāḥ pravartante.
10. gārhasthyam khalu dvitīyam āśramam vadanti tasya samudācāralakṣaṇam sarvam anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ samāvṛttānām sadārāṇām sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām
gṛhāśramaḥ vidhīyate dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ hi atra trivargasādhanam avekṣya agarhitena karmaṇā dhanāni ādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena brahmarṣinirmiteṇa
vā adrisāragatena vā havya niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhasthaḥ gārhasthyam pravartayet tat hi sarvāśramāṇām mūlam
udāharanti gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakāḥ ye ca anye saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ teṣām api ataḥ eva bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāgāḥ pravartante
10. khalu gārhasthyam dvitīyam āśramam vadanti tasyāḥ samudācāralakṣaṇam sarvam anuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ samāvṛttānām sadārāṇām sahadharmacaryāphalārthinām
gṛhāśramaḥ vidhīyate atra hi dharmārthakāmāvāptiḥ trivargasādhanam avekṣya agarhitena karmaṇā dhanāni ādāya svādhyāyaprakarṣopalabdhena vā
brahmarṣinirmiteṇa vā adrisāragatena vā havya niyamābhyāsadaivataprasādopalabdhena vā dhanena gṛhasthaḥ gārhasthyam pravartayet tat hi sarvāśramāṇām mūlam
udāharanti gurukulavāsinaḥ parivrājakāḥ ye ca anye saṅkalpitavrataniyamadharmānuṣṭhāyinaḥ teṣām api ataḥ eva bhikṣābalisaṃvibhāgāḥ pravartante
10. Indeed, they call the householder life the second stage (āśrama). We will explain all its characteristics of proper conduct. The householder stage (āśrama) is prescribed for those who have completed their studies, who have wives, and who desire the fruit of shared virtuous conduct. Indeed, having considered the attainment of (dharma), wealth, and pleasure (kāma) as the means to achieve the three goals (trivarga) here, the householder should lead the householder life by acquiring wealth through blameless action (karma), or by means obtained through excellence in Vedic study (svādhyāya), or by that produced by Brahma-ṛṣis, or by that derived from the essence of mountains, or by that obtained through the grace of deities (daivataprasāda) through the practice of offerings (havya) and regular rituals (niyama). Indeed, they declare that to be the root of all stages of life (āśramas). And for those residing in the guru's (guru) household, for wandering ascetics, and for others who observe vows (vrata), rules (niyama), and (dharma) ordained with determination, shares of alms and offerings are supplied from this (the householder's support) for this very reason.
वानप्रस्थानां द्रव्योपस्कार इति प्रायशः खल्वेते साधवः साधुपथ्यदर्शनाः स्वाध्यायप्रसङ्गिनस्तीर्थाभिगमनदेशदर्शनार्थं पृथिवीं पर्यटन्ति ।
तेषां प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादनानसूयावाक्प्रदानसौमुख्यशक्त्यासनशयनाभ्यवहारसत्क्रियाश्चेति ॥११॥
11. vānaprasthānāṁ dravyopaskāra iti prāyaśaḥ khalvete sādhavaḥ sādhupathyadarśanāḥ svādhyāyaprasaṅginastīrthābhigamanadeśadarśanārthaṁ pṛthivīṁ paryaṭanti ,
teṣāṁ pratyutthānābhivādanānasūyāvākpradānasaumukhyaśaktyāsanaśayanābhyavahārasatkriyāśceti.
11. vānaprasthānām dravyopaskāraḥ iti prāyaśaḥ khalu ete sādhavaḥ
sādhupathyadarśanāḥ svādhyāyaprasaṅginaḥ tīrthābhigamanadeśadarśanārtham
pṛthivīm paryaṭanti teṣām pratyutthāna abhivādana
anasūyāvākpradānasaukhya śaktyāsana śayana abhyavahāra satkriyāḥ ca iti
11. vānaprasthānām dravyopaskāraḥ iti prāyaśaḥ khalu ete sādhavaḥ
sādhupathyadarśanāḥ svādhyāyaprasaṅginaḥ tīrthābhigamanadeśadarśanārtham
pṛthivīm paryaṭanti teṣām ca pratyutthāna abhivādana
anasūyāvākpradānasaukhya śaktyāsana śayana abhyavahāra satkriyāḥ iti
11. Regarding the material provisions for hermits (vānaprasthas): Indeed, generally these virtuous persons, who guide to the path of the good and are devoted to Vedic study (svādhyāya), wander the earth for the purpose of visiting holy places (tīrthas) and seeing different regions. And for them, acts of respect include rising to greet, salutations, absence of envy, offering kind words, friendliness, offering seats and beds according to one's ability (śakti), providing food, and other respectful treatments.
भवति चात्र
श्लोकः ॥१२॥
12. bhavati
cātra ślokaḥ.
12. bhavati ca
atra ślokaḥ
12. atra ca ślokaḥ
bhavati
12. And here there is a verse.
अपि चात्र यज्ञक्रियाभिर्देवताः प्रीयन्ते निवापेन पितरो वेदाभ्यासश्रवणधारणेन ऋषयः ।
अपत्योत्पादनेन प्रजापतिरिति ॥१३॥
13. api cātra yajñakriyābhirdevatāḥ prīyante nivāpena pitaro vedābhyāsaśravaṇadhāraṇena ṛṣayaḥ ,
apatyotpādanena prajāpatiriti.
13. api ca atra yajñakriyābhiḥ devatāḥ
prīyante nivāpena pitaraḥ
vedābhyāsaśravaṇadhāraṇena ṛṣayaḥ
apatyotpādanena prajāpatiḥ iti
13. atra api ca yajñakriyābhiḥ devatāḥ
prīyante nivāpena pitaraḥ
vedābhyāsaśravaṇadhāraṇena ṛṣayaḥ
apatyotpādanena prajāpatiḥ iti
13. Moreover, here, deities are pleased by sacrificial actions (yajña), ancestors by offerings to them, and sages by the study, hearing, and retention of the Vedas. Prajāpati is pleased by the generation of offspring.
श्लोकौ
चात्र भवतः ॥१४॥
14. ślokau cātra
bhavataḥ.
14. ślokau ca
atra bhavataḥ
14. atra ca ślokau
bhavataḥ
14. And here are two verses.
अवज्ञानमहंकारो दम्भश्चैव विगर्हितः ।
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः सर्वाश्रमगतं तपः ॥१५॥
15. avajñānamahaṁkāro dambhaścaiva vigarhitaḥ ,
ahiṁsā satyamakrodhaḥ sarvāśramagataṁ tapaḥ.
15. avajñānam ahaṅkāraḥ dambhaḥ ca eva vigarhitaḥ
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhaḥ sarvāśramagatam tapaḥ
15. avajñānam ahaṅkāraḥ dambhaḥ ca eva vigarhitaḥ
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhaḥ sarvāśramagatam tapaḥ
15. Contempt, ego (ahaṅkāra), and hypocrisy are indeed censured. Non-violence, truthfulness, and absence of anger constitute the spiritual discipline (tapas) applicable to all stages of life (āśrama).
अपि चात्र
माल्याभरणवस्त्राभ्यङ्गगन्धोपभोगनृत्तगीतवादित्रश्रुतिसुखनयनाभिरामसंदर्शनानां
प्राप्तिर्भक्ष्यभोज्यपेयलेह्यचोष्याणामभ्यवहार्याणां
विविधानामुपभोगः स्वदारविहारसंतोषः कामसुखावाप्तिरिति ॥१६॥
16. api cātra
mālyābharaṇavastrābhyaṅgagandhopabhoganṛttagītavāditraśrutisukhanayanābhirāmasaṁdarśanānāṁ
prāptirbhakṣyabhojyapeyalehyacoṣyāṇāmabhyavahāryāṇāṁ
vividhānāmupabhogaḥ svadāravihārasaṁtoṣaḥ kāmasukhāvāptiriti.
16. api ca atra
mālyābharaṇavastrābhyangagandhopabhoganṛttagītavāditraśrutisukhanayanābhirāmasandarśanānāṃ prāptiḥ
bhakṣyabhojyapeyalehyacoṣyāṇām abhyavahāryāṇām vividhānām
upabhogaḥ svadāravihārasantoṣaḥ kāmasukhāvāptiḥ iti
16. atra api ca
mālyābharaṇavastrābhyangagandhopabhoganṛttagītavāditraśrutisukhanayanābhirāmasandarśanānāṃ prāptiḥ
bhakṣyabhojyapeyalehyacoṣyāṇām abhyavahāryāṇām vividhānām
upabhogaḥ svadāravihārasantoṣaḥ kāmasukhāvāptiḥ iti
16. Moreover, here one attains the enjoyment of garlands, ornaments, garments, unguents, perfumes, dance, song, musical instruments, and delightful sights and sounds for the ears and eyes. Also, there is the consumption of various kinds of edibles and drinkables - that which is to be chewed, eaten, drunk, licked, and sucked. Furthermore, there is contentment in recreation with one's own wife and the acquisition of sensual pleasure (kāma-sukha).
त्रिवर्गगुणनिर्वृत्तिर्यस्य नित्यं गृहाश्रमे ।
स सुखान्यनुभूयेह शिष्टानां गतिमाप्नुयात् ॥१७॥
17. trivargaguṇanirvṛttiryasya nityaṁ gṛhāśrame ,
sa sukhānyanubhūyeha śiṣṭānāṁ gatimāpnuyāt.
17. trivargaguṇanirvṛttiḥ yasya nityam gṛhāśrame
sa sukhāni anubhūya iha śiṣṭānām gatim āpnuyāt
17. yasya gṛhāśrame trivargaguṇanirvṛttiḥ nityam,
sa iha sukhāni anubhūya śiṣṭānām gatim āpnuyāt
17. The one who consistently achieves the fulfillment of the three aims of human life (dharma, artha, kama) within the householder stage (āśrama), having experienced happiness in this world, attains the ultimate destination of the righteous.
उञ्छवृत्तिर्गृहस्थो यः स्वधर्मचरणे रतः ।
त्यक्तकामसुखारम्भस्तस्य स्वर्गो न दुर्लभः ॥१८॥
18. uñchavṛttirgṛhastho yaḥ svadharmacaraṇe rataḥ ,
tyaktakāmasukhārambhastasya svargo na durlabhaḥ.
18. uñchavṛttiḥ gṛhasthaḥ yaḥ svadharmacaraṇe rataḥ
tyaktakāmasukhārambhaḥ tasya svargaḥ na durlabhaḥ
18. yaḥ uñchavṛttiḥ gṛhasthaḥ svadharmacaraṇe rataḥ tyaktakāmasukhārambhaḥ,
tasya svargaḥ na durlabhaḥ
18. For the householder who subsists by gleaning, who is devoted to the performance of his own inherent duties (dharma), and who has renounced endeavors for sensual gratification and pleasures, heaven is not difficult to attain.