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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-338

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जनमेजय उवाच ।
बहवः पुरुषा ब्रह्मन्नुताहो एक एव तु ।
को ह्यत्र पुरुषः श्रेष्ठः को वा योनिरिहोच्यते ॥१॥
1. janamejaya uvāca ,
bahavaḥ puruṣā brahmannutāho eka eva tu ,
ko hyatra puruṣaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ ko vā yonirihocyate.
1. janamejayaḥ uvāca bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ brahman uta āho ekaḥ eva
tu kaḥ hi atra puruṣaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ kaḥ vā yoniḥ iha ucyate
1. janamejayaḥ uvāca: brahman,
bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ uta āho ekaḥ eva tu (asti)? atra hi kaḥ puruṣaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ? vā iha kaḥ yoniḥ ucyate?
1. Janamejaya said: 'O Brahmin, are there many cosmic persons (puruṣas), or is there indeed just one? Who among them is the supreme (puruṣa)? Or who is declared to be the source here?'
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
बहवः पुरुषा लोके सांख्ययोगविचारिणाम् ।
नैतदिच्छन्ति पुरुषमेकं कुरुकुलोद्वह ॥२॥
2. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
bahavaḥ puruṣā loke sāṁkhyayogavicāriṇām ,
naitadicchanti puruṣamekaṁ kurukulodvaha.
2. vaiśampāyana uvāca bahavaḥ puruṣā loke sāṅkhyayogavicāriṇām
na etat icchanti puruṣam ekam kurukulodvaha
2. vaiśampāyana uvāca kurukulodvaha loke sāṅkhyayogavicāriṇām
bahavaḥ puruṣā ekam puruṣam etat na icchanti
2. Vaiśampāyana said: O upholder of the Kuru lineage, many among those who inquire into Sāṅkhya and Yoga philosophies do not accept the concept of a single supreme person (puruṣa) in the world.
बहूनां पुरुषाणां च यथैका योनिरुच्यते ।
तथा तं पुरुषं विश्वं व्याख्यास्यामि गुणाधिकम् ॥३॥
3. bahūnāṁ puruṣāṇāṁ ca yathaikā yonirucyate ,
tathā taṁ puruṣaṁ viśvaṁ vyākhyāsyāmi guṇādhikam.
3. bahūnām puruṣāṇām ca yathā ekā yoniḥ ucyate
tathā tam puruṣam viśvam vyākhyāsyāmi guṇādhikam
3. ca yathā bahūnām puruṣāṇām ekā yoniḥ ucyate
tathā tam viśvam guṇādhikam puruṣam vyākhyāsyāmi
3. And just as a single origin (yoni) is declared for many individual beings (puruṣa), so too I shall explain that supreme (puruṣa), the all-encompassing one, who possesses abundant qualities.
नमस्कृत्वा तु गुरवे व्यासायामिततेजसे ।
तपोयुक्ताय दान्ताय वन्द्याय परमर्षये ॥४॥
4. namaskṛtvā tu gurave vyāsāyāmitatejase ,
tapoyuktāya dāntāya vandyāya paramarṣaye.
4. namaskṛtvā tu gurave vyāsāya amitatejase
tapoyuktāya dāntāya vandyāya paramarṣaye
4. tu gurave vyāsāya amitatejase tapoyuktāya
dāntāya vandyāya paramarṣaye namaskṛtvā
4. Having first paid obeisance to my guru, Vyāsa, who possesses immeasurable spiritual radiance, who is devoted to ascetic practices (tapas), self-controlled, revered, and the supreme sage.
इदं पुरुषसूक्तं हि सर्ववेदेषु पार्थिव ।
ऋतं सत्यं च विख्यातमृषिसिंहेन चिन्तितम् ॥५॥
5. idaṁ puruṣasūktaṁ hi sarvavedeṣu pārthiva ,
ṛtaṁ satyaṁ ca vikhyātamṛṣisiṁhena cintitam.
5. idam puruṣasūktam hi sarvavedeṣu pārthiva
ṛtam satyam ca vikhyātam ṛṣisiṃhena cintitam
5. hi pārthiva idam puruṣasūktam sarvavedeṣu
ṛtam ca satyam vikhyātam ṛṣisiṃhena cintitam
5. Indeed, O King, this Puruṣa Sūkta is celebrated throughout all the Vedas as truth (ṛta) and reality (satya), having been contemplated by the foremost of sages.
उत्सर्गेणापवादेन ऋषिभिः कपिलादिभिः ।
अध्यात्मचिन्तामाश्रित्य शास्त्राण्युक्तानि भारत ॥६॥
6. utsargeṇāpavādena ṛṣibhiḥ kapilādibhiḥ ,
adhyātmacintāmāśritya śāstrāṇyuktāni bhārata.
6. utsargeṇa apavādena ṛṣibhiḥ kapilādibhiḥ
adhyātmacintām āśritya śāstrāṇi uktāni bhārata
6. O Bhārata, the sages, including Kapila and others, have expounded treatises (śāstras) that incorporate both general principles and specific exceptions, all grounded in spiritual contemplation (adhyātmacintā).
समासतस्तु यद्व्यासः पुरुषैकत्वमुक्तवान् ।
तत्तेऽहं संप्रवक्ष्यामि प्रसादादमितौजसः ॥७॥
7. samāsatastu yadvyāsaḥ puruṣaikatvamuktavān ,
tatte'haṁ saṁpravakṣyāmi prasādādamitaujasaḥ.
7. samāsataḥ tu yat vyāsaḥ puruṣaikatvam uktavān
tat te aham saṃpravakṣyāmi prasādāt amitaujasaḥ
7. That which Vyāsa has concisely declared concerning the oneness of the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa), I will fully expound that to you, by the grace of the immensely powerful one.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
ब्रह्मणा सह संवादं त्र्यम्बकस्य विशां पते ॥८॥
8. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
brahmaṇā saha saṁvādaṁ tryambakasya viśāṁ pate.
8. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
brahmaṇā saha saṃvādam tryambakasya viśām pate
8. In this regard, they also narrate this ancient account (itihāsa): the dialogue between Tryambaka and Brahmā, O lord of the people.
क्षीरोदस्य समुद्रस्य मध्ये हाटकसप्रभः ।
वैजयन्त इति ख्यातः पर्वतप्रवरो नृप ॥९॥
9. kṣīrodasya samudrasya madhye hāṭakasaprabhaḥ ,
vaijayanta iti khyātaḥ parvatapravaro nṛpa.
9. kṣīrodasya samudrasya madhye hāṭakasaprabhaḥ
vaijayantaḥ iti khyātaḥ parvatapravaraḥ nṛpa
9. O king, in the midst of the Milk Ocean, stands a golden-hued mountain, renowned as Vaijayanta, the most excellent of mountains.
तत्राध्यात्मगतिं देव एकाकी प्रविचिन्तयन् ।
वैराजसदने नित्यं वैजयन्तं निषेवते ॥१०॥
10. tatrādhyātmagatiṁ deva ekākī pravicintayan ,
vairājasadane nityaṁ vaijayantaṁ niṣevate.
10. tatra adhyātmagatim devaḥ ekākī pravicintayan
vairājasadane nityam vaijayantam niṣevate
10. devaḥ ekākī nityam adhyātmagatim pravicintayan
tatra vairājasadane vaijayantam niṣevate
10. There, the god (Brahma), dwelling alone in his palace named Vaijayanta, constantly meditates on the spiritual state (adhyātma).
अथ तत्रासतस्तस्य चतुर्वक्त्रस्य धीमतः ।
ललाटप्रभवः पुत्रः शिव आगाद्यदृच्छया ।
आकाशेनैव योगीशः पुरा त्रिनयनः प्रभुः ॥११॥
11. atha tatrāsatastasya caturvaktrasya dhīmataḥ ,
lalāṭaprabhavaḥ putraḥ śiva āgādyadṛcchayā ,
ākāśenaiva yogīśaḥ purā trinayanaḥ prabhuḥ.
11. atha tatra āsataḥ tasya caturvaktrasya
dhīmataḥ lalāṭaprabhavaḥ putraḥ
śivaḥ āgāt yadṛcchayā ākāśena
eva yogīśaḥ purā trinayanaḥ prabhuḥ
11. atha tatra āsataḥ tasya dhīmataḥ
caturvaktrasya lalāṭaprabhavaḥ putraḥ
śivaḥ yadṛcchayā ākāśena eva purā
yogīśaḥ trinayanaḥ prabhuḥ āgāt
11. Then, as that wise, four-faced (Brahma) was seated there, his son Shiva, who was born from his forehead, arrived spontaneously. That ancient lord, the three-eyed master of (yoga) (yogīśa), appeared through the sky itself.
ततः खान्निपपाताशु धरणीधरमूर्धनि ।
अग्रतश्चाभवत्प्रीतो ववन्दे चापि पादयोः ॥१२॥
12. tataḥ khānnipapātāśu dharaṇīdharamūrdhani ,
agrataścābhavatprīto vavande cāpi pādayoḥ.
12. tataḥ khāt nipapāta āśu dharaṇīdharamūrdhani
agrataḥ ca abhavat prītaḥ vavande ca api pādayoḥ
12. tataḥ āśu khāt dharaṇīdharamūrdhani nipapāta
agrataḥ ca prītaḥ abhavat ca api pādayoḥ vavande
12. Then he quickly descended from the sky onto the summit of a mountain. He became pleased and also bowed down at (Brahma's) feet.
तं पादयोर्निपतितं दृष्ट्वा सव्येन पाणिना ।
उत्थापयामास तदा प्रभुरेकः प्रजापतिः ॥१३॥
13. taṁ pādayornipatitaṁ dṛṣṭvā savyena pāṇinā ,
utthāpayāmāsa tadā prabhurekaḥ prajāpatiḥ.
13. tam pādayoḥ nipatitam dṛṣṭvā savyena pāṇinā
utthāpayāmāsa tadā prabhuḥ ekaḥ prajāpatiḥ
13. tadā ekaḥ prabhuḥ prajāpatiḥ tam pādayoḥ
nipatitam dṛṣṭvā savyena pāṇinā utthāpayāmāsa
13. Seeing him fallen at his feet, the supreme lord of creatures (prajāpati), then raised him up with his left hand.
उवाच चैनं भगवांश्चिरस्यागतमात्मजम् ।
स्वागतं ते महाबाहो दिष्ट्या प्राप्तोऽसि मेऽन्तिकम् ॥१४॥
14. uvāca cainaṁ bhagavāṁścirasyāgatamātmajam ,
svāgataṁ te mahābāho diṣṭyā prāpto'si me'ntikam.
14. uvāca ca enam bhagavān cirasya āgatam ātmajam
svāgatam te mahābāho diṣṭyā prāptaḥ asi me antikam
14. bhagavān cirasya āgatam ātmajam enam ca uvāca
mahābāho te svāgatam diṣṭyā me antikam asi prāptaḥ
14. And the venerable lord said to his son, who had arrived after a long time: "Welcome to you, O mighty-armed one! Fortunately, you have come into my presence."
कच्चित्ते कुशलं पुत्र स्वाध्यायतपसोः सदा ।
नित्यमुग्रतपास्त्वं हि ततः पृच्छामि ते पुनः ॥१५॥
15. kaccitte kuśalaṁ putra svādhyāyatapasoḥ sadā ,
nityamugratapāstvaṁ hi tataḥ pṛcchāmi te punaḥ.
15. kaccit te kuśalam putra svādhyāyatapasoḥ sadā
nityam ugratapāḥ tvam hi tataḥ pṛcchāmi te punaḥ
15. putra te svādhyāyatapasoḥ sadā kuśalam kaccit hi
tvam nityam ugratapāḥ tataḥ te punaḥ pṛcchāmi
15. O son, I hope that you are always well regarding your Vedic study and spiritual austerity (tapas). For you are indeed constantly engaged in severe austerity (tapas); therefore, I ask you again.
रुद्र उवाच ।
त्वत्प्रसादेन भगवन्स्वाध्यायतपसोर्मम ।
कुशलं चाव्ययं चैव सर्वस्य जगतस्तथा ॥१६॥
16. rudra uvāca ,
tvatprasādena bhagavansvādhyāyatapasormama ,
kuśalaṁ cāvyayaṁ caiva sarvasya jagatastathā.
16. rudra uvāca tvatprasādena bhagavan svādhyāyatapasoḥ
mama kuśalam ca avyayam ca eva sarvasya jagataḥ tathā
16. rudra uvāca bhagavan tvatprasādena mama svādhyāyatapasoḥ
kuśalam ca avyayam ca eva tathā sarvasya jagataḥ
16. Rudra said: 'O venerable one, by your grace, my well-being in Vedic study and spiritual austerity (tapas) is secure and undiminished. And similarly, it is so for the entire universe.'
चिरदृष्टो हि भगवान्वैराजसदने मया ।
ततोऽहं पर्वतं प्राप्तस्त्विमं त्वत्पादसेवितम् ॥१७॥
17. ciradṛṣṭo hi bhagavānvairājasadane mayā ,
tato'haṁ parvataṁ prāptastvimaṁ tvatpādasevitam.
17. ciradṛṣṭaḥ hi bhagavān vairājasadane mayā tataḥ
aham parvatam prāptaḥ tu imam tvatpādasevitam
17. hi bhagavān mayā ciradṛṣṭaḥ vairājasadane tataḥ
aham tu imam tvatpādasevitam parvatam prāptaḥ
17. Indeed, O venerable one, you were seen by me (last), after a long time, in the abode of Virāj. Therefore, I have come to this mountain, which is frequented by your feet.
कौतूहलं चापि हि मे एकान्तगमनेन ते ।
नैतत्कारणमल्पं हि भविष्यति पितामह ॥१८॥
18. kautūhalaṁ cāpi hi me ekāntagamanena te ,
naitatkāraṇamalpaṁ hi bhaviṣyati pitāmaha.
18. kautūhalam ca api hi me ekāntagamanena te na
etat kāraṇam alpam hi bhaviṣyati pitāmaha
18. Indeed, I have great curiosity about your solitary journey. O grandfather, the reason for this will surely not be insignificant.
किं नु तत्सदनं श्रेष्ठं क्षुत्पिपासाविवर्जितम् ।
सुरासुरैरध्युषितमृषिभिश्चामितप्रभैः ॥१९॥
19. kiṁ nu tatsadanaṁ śreṣṭhaṁ kṣutpipāsāvivarjitam ,
surāsurairadhyuṣitamṛṣibhiścāmitaprabhaiḥ.
19. kim nu tat sadanam śreṣṭham kṣutpipāsāvivarjitam
surāsuraiḥ adhyuṣitam ṛṣibhiḥ ca amitaprabhaiḥ
19. What, then, is that excellent abode, devoid of hunger and thirst, inhabited by gods, asuras, and sages (ṛṣi) of immeasurable splendor?
गन्धर्वैरप्सरोभिश्च सततं संनिषेवितम् ।
उत्सृज्येमं गिरिवरमेकाकी प्राप्तवानसि ॥२०॥
20. gandharvairapsarobhiśca satataṁ saṁniṣevitam ,
utsṛjyemaṁ girivaramekākī prāptavānasi.
20. gandharvaiḥ apsarobhiḥ ca satatam saṃniṣevitam
utsṛjya imam girivaram ekākī prāptavān asi
20. It is constantly frequented by Gandharvas and Apsaras. Having abandoned this best of mountains, you have arrived there alone.
ब्रह्मोवाच ।
वैजयन्तो गिरिवरः सततं सेव्यते मया ।
अत्रैकाग्रेण मनसा पुरुषश्चिन्त्यते विराट् ॥२१॥
21. brahmovāca ,
vaijayanto girivaraḥ satataṁ sevyate mayā ,
atraikāgreṇa manasā puruṣaścintyate virāṭ.
21. brahmā uvāca vaijayantaḥ girivaraḥ satatam sevyate
mayā atra ekāgreṇa manasā puruṣaḥ cintyate virāṭ
21. Brahmā said: 'The mountain Vaijayanta, the best of mountains, is constantly resorted to by me. Here, with a concentrated mind, the cosmic person (puruṣa), the all-pervading (virāṭ) being, is contemplated.'
रुद्र उवाच ।
बहवः पुरुषा ब्रह्मंस्त्वया सृष्टाः स्वयंभुवा ।
सृज्यन्ते चापरे ब्रह्मन्स चैकः पुरुषो विराट् ॥२२॥
22. rudra uvāca ,
bahavaḥ puruṣā brahmaṁstvayā sṛṣṭāḥ svayaṁbhuvā ,
sṛjyante cāpare brahmansa caikaḥ puruṣo virāṭ.
22. rudraḥ uvāca bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ brahman tvayā sṛṣṭāḥ svayambhuvā
sṛjyante ca apare brahman saḥ ca ekaḥ puruṣaḥ virāṭ
22. rudraḥ uvāca he brahman tvayā svayambhuvā
bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ sṛṣṭāḥ ca apare
(puruṣāḥ) sṛjyante (tarhi) he brahman
saḥ ca ekaḥ virāṭ puruṣaḥ (asti)
22. Rudra said: "O Brahmā, many persons (puruṣas) have been created by you, the self-existent one, and others are still being created. But then there is that one supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)."
को ह्यसौ चिन्त्यते ब्रह्मंस्त्वया वै पुरुषोत्तमः ।
एतन्मे संशयं ब्रूहि महत्कौतूहलं हि मे ॥२३॥
23. ko hyasau cintyate brahmaṁstvayā vai puruṣottamaḥ ,
etanme saṁśayaṁ brūhi mahatkautūhalaṁ hi me.
23. kaḥ hi asau cintyate brahman tvayā vai puruṣottamaḥ
etat me saṃśayam brūhi mahat kautūhalam hi me
23. he brahman kaḥ hi asau puruṣottamaḥ tvayā vai cintyate
(tvam) me etat saṃśayam brūhi hi me mahat kautūhalam (asti)
23. O Brahmā, who indeed is that supreme person (puruṣa) who is contemplated by you? Please resolve this doubt for me; truly, I have great curiosity.
ब्रह्मोवाच ।
बहवः पुरुषाः पुत्र ये त्वया समुदाहृताः ।
एवमेतदतिक्रान्तं द्रष्टव्यं नैवमित्यपि ।
आधारं तु प्रवक्ष्यामि एकस्य पुरुषस्य ते ॥२४॥
24. brahmovāca ,
bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ putra ye tvayā samudāhṛtāḥ ,
evametadatikrāntaṁ draṣṭavyaṁ naivamityapi ,
ādhāraṁ tu pravakṣyāmi ekasya puruṣasya te.
24. brahmā uvāca bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ putra ye
tvayā samudāhṛtāḥ evam etat atikrāntam
draṣṭavyam na evam iti api ādhāram
tu pravakṣyāmi ekasya puruṣasya te
24. brahmā uvāca he putra ye puruṣāḥ tvayā
samudāhṛtāḥ (santi) evam etat atikrāntam
(astīti) na evam iti api draṣṭavyam tu te
(aham) ekasya puruṣasya ādhāram pravakṣyāmi
24. Brahmā said: "O son, concerning the many persons (puruṣas) you spoke of, this understanding is indeed superficial, and they should not be viewed merely in that manner. However, I will now explain to you the fundamental basis of that one supreme person (puruṣa)."
बहूनां पुरुषाणां स यथैका योनिरुच्यते ।
तथा तं पुरुषं विश्वं परमं सुमहत्तमम् ।
निर्गुणं निर्गुणा भूत्वा प्रविशन्ति सनातनम् ॥२५॥
25. bahūnāṁ puruṣāṇāṁ sa yathaikā yonirucyate ,
tathā taṁ puruṣaṁ viśvaṁ paramaṁ sumahattamam ,
nirguṇaṁ nirguṇā bhūtvā praviśanti sanātanam.
25. bahūnām puruṣāṇām saḥ yathā ekā
yoniḥ ucyate tathā tam puruṣam viśvam
paramam sumahattamam nirguṇam
nirguṇā bhūtvā praviśanti sanātanam
25. yathā bahūnām puruṣāṇām ekā yoniḥ saḥ
ucyate tathā nirguṇāḥ bhūtvā (janāḥ)
tam viśvam paramam sumahattamam
nirguṇam sanātanam puruṣam praviśanti
25. Just as a single origin is declared for many persons (puruṣas), so too, those who become themselves devoid of qualities (nirguṇa) enter that ultimate, exceedingly great, eternal and universal person (puruṣa) who is beyond all attributes (nirguṇa).