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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87

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अष्टक उवाच ।
कतरस्त्वेतयोः पूर्वं देवानामेति सात्म्यताम् ।
उभयोर्धावतो राजन्सूर्याचन्द्रमसोरिव ॥१॥
1. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
katarastvetayoḥ pūrvaṁ devānāmeti sātmyatām ,
ubhayordhāvato rājansūryācandramasoriva.
1. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca kataraḥ tu etayoḥ pūrvam devānām eti
sātmyatām ubhayoḥ dhāvataḥ rājan sūryacandramasoḥ iva
1. Aṣṭaka said: O King, of these two, which one first attains identity with the gods, like the sun and moon that always run?
ययातिरुवाच ।
अनिकेतो गृहस्थेषु कामवृत्तेषु संयतः ।
ग्राम एव वसन्भिक्षुस्तयोः पूर्वतरं गतः ॥२॥
2. yayātiruvāca ,
aniketo gṛhastheṣu kāmavṛtteṣu saṁyataḥ ,
grāma eva vasanbhikṣustayoḥ pūrvataraṁ gataḥ.
2. Yayātiḥ uvāca aniketaḥ gṛhastheṣu kāmavṛtteṣu saṃyataḥ
grāme eva vasan bhikṣuḥ tayoḥ pūrvataram gataḥ
2. Yayāti said: A mendicant (bhikṣu), homeless (aniketa) and self-controlled, even while dwelling in the very village among householders who indulge in desires, attains his destination sooner than those householders.
अप्राप्य दीर्घमायुस्तु यः प्राप्तो विकृतिं चरेत् ।
तप्येत यदि तत्कृत्वा चरेत्सोऽन्यत्ततस्तपः ॥३॥
3. aprāpya dīrghamāyustu yaḥ prāpto vikṛtiṁ caret ,
tapyeta yadi tatkṛtvā caretso'nyattatastapaḥ.
3. aprāpya dīrgham āyuḥ tu yaḥ prāptaḥ vikṛtim caret
tapyeta yadi tat kṛtvā caret saḥ anyat tataḥ tapaḥ
3. Whoever, without achieving a long life, falls into moral degradation and acts accordingly; if, having done that, he practices austerity (tapas), then he should undertake a different form of austerity (tapas) thereafter.
यद्वै नृशंसं तदपथ्यमाहुर्यः सेवते धर्ममनर्थबुद्धिः ।
अस्वोऽप्यनीशश्च तथैव राजंस्तदार्जवं स समाधिस्तदार्यम् ॥४॥
4. yadvai nṛśaṁsaṁ tadapathyamāhu;ryaḥ sevate dharmamanarthabuddhiḥ ,
asvo'pyanīśaśca tathaiva rājaṁ;stadārjavaṁ sa samādhistadāryam.
4. yat vai nṛśaṃsam tat apathyam āhuḥ
yaḥ sevate dharmam anarthabuddhiḥ
asvaḥ api anīśaḥ ca tathā eva rājan
tat ārjavam saḥ samādhiḥ tat āryam
4. They indeed declare that whatever is cruel (nṛśaṃsam) is unwholesome (apathyam). Whoever practices natural law (dharma) with a mind intent on harm [is considered unwholesome]. And, O King, in the same manner, even if one is without wealth (asva) and powerless (anīśa), that straightforwardness (ārjavam) is deep concentration (samādhi); that is noble.
अष्टक उवाच ।
केनासि दूतः प्रहितोऽद्य राजन्युवा स्रग्वी दर्शनीयः सुवर्चाः ।
कुत आगतः कतरस्यां दिशि त्वमुताहोस्वित्पार्थिवं स्थानमस्ति ॥५॥
5. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
kenāsi dūtaḥ prahito'dya rāja;nyuvā sragvī darśanīyaḥ suvarcāḥ ,
kuta āgataḥ katarasyāṁ diśi tva;mutāhosvitpārthivaṁ sthānamasti.
5. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca kena asi dūtaḥ prahitaḥ
adya rājan yuvā sragvī darśanīyaḥ
suvarcāḥ kutaḥ āgataḥ katarasyām diśi
tvam uta ahosvit pārthivam sthānam asti
5. Aṣṭaka asked: "By whom have you been sent as a messenger today, O prince? You are young, adorned with a garland, handsome, and radiant. From where have you come, and from which direction? Or perhaps you belong to an earthly abode?"
ययातिरुवाच ।
इमं भौमं नरकं क्षीणपुण्यः प्रवेष्टुमुर्वीं गगनाद्विप्रकीर्णः ।
उक्त्वाहं वः प्रपतिष्याम्यनन्तरं त्वरन्ति मां ब्राह्मणा लोकपालाः ॥६॥
6. yayātiruvāca ,
imaṁ bhaumaṁ narakaṁ kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ; praveṣṭumurvīṁ gaganādviprakīrṇaḥ ,
uktvāhaṁ vaḥ prapatiṣyāmyanantaraṁ; tvaranti māṁ brāhmaṇā lokapālāḥ.
6. yayātiḥ uvāca imam bhaumam narakam
kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ praveṣṭum urvīm gaganāt
viprakīrṇaḥ uktvā aham vaḥ prapatiṣyāmi
anantaram tvaranti mām brāhmaṇāḥ lokapālāḥ
6. Yayāti said: "With my accumulated merit (puṇya) exhausted, I am destined to enter this earthly realm, which is like a hell (naraka), having been scattered from the heavens down to the earth. After speaking to you all, I shall fall immediately, for the Brahmins and the guardians of the worlds (lokapālāḥ) are urging me on."
सतां सकाशे तु वृतः प्रपातस्ते संगता गुणवन्तश्च सर्वे ।
शक्राच्च लब्धो हि वरो मयैष पतिष्यता भूमितले नरेन्द्र ॥७॥
7. satāṁ sakāśe tu vṛtaḥ prapāta;ste saṁgatā guṇavantaśca sarve ,
śakrācca labdho hi varo mayaiṣa; patiṣyatā bhūmitale narendra.
7. satām sakāśe tu vṛtaḥ prapātaḥ te
saṅgatāḥ guṇavantaḥ ca sarve
śakrāt ca labdhaḥ hi varaḥ mayā
eṣaḥ patiṣyatā bhūmitale narendra
7. Yayāti said: "My destined fall (prapātaḥ) has indeed been chosen to occur in the presence of the virtuous (satām), and all you virtuous ones (guṇavantaḥ) are gathered here. Furthermore, O king, this very boon was indeed obtained by me from Śakra, even as I was about to fall to the earth."
अष्टक उवाच ।
पृच्छामि त्वां मा प्रपत प्रपातं यदि लोकाः पार्थिव सन्ति मेऽत्र ।
यद्यन्तरिक्षे यदि वा दिवि श्रिताः क्षेत्रज्ञं त्वां तस्य धर्मस्य मन्ये ॥८॥
8. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
pṛcchāmi tvāṁ mā prapata prapātaṁ; yadi lokāḥ pārthiva santi me'tra ,
yadyantarikṣe yadi vā divi śritāḥ; kṣetrajñaṁ tvāṁ tasya dharmasya manye.
8. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca | pṛcchāmi tvām mā prapata
prapātaṃ yadi lokāḥ pārthiva santi me
atra | yadi antarikṣe yadi vā divi śritāḥ
kṣetrajñam tvām tasya dharmasya manye
8. Aṣṭaka said: "O King, I ask you, do not fall into ruin! If there are realms for me, whether they exist here on Earth, or reside in the mid-region, or in heaven, I consider you to be the knower of the natural law (dharma) pertaining to them."
ययातिरुवाच ।
यावत्पृथिव्यां विहितं गवाश्वं सहारण्यैः पशुभिः पर्वतैश्च ।
तावल्लोका दिवि ते संस्थिता वै तथा विजानीहि नरेन्द्रसिंह ॥९॥
9. yayātiruvāca ,
yāvatpṛthivyāṁ vihitaṁ gavāśvaṁ; sahāraṇyaiḥ paśubhiḥ parvataiśca ,
tāvallokā divi te saṁsthitā vai; tathā vijānīhi narendrasiṁha.
9. yayātiḥ uvāca | yāvat pṛthivyām vihitam
gavāśvam saha āraṇyaiḥ paśubhiḥ
parvataiḥ ca | tāvat lokāḥ divi te
saṃsthitāḥ vai tathā vijānīhi narendrasiṃha
9. Yayāti said: "As great as the extent of cattle and horses established on Earth, along with wild animals and mountains, so many realms are indeed situated for you in heaven. Understand this thus, O lion among kings!"
अष्टक उवाच ।
तांस्ते ददामि मा प्रपत प्रपातं ये मे लोका दिवि राजेन्द्र सन्ति ।
यद्यन्तरिक्षे यदि वा दिवि श्रितास्तानाक्रम क्षिप्रममित्रसाह ॥१०॥
10. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
tāṁste dadāmi mā prapata prapātaṁ; ye me lokā divi rājendra santi ,
yadyantarikṣe yadi vā divi śritā;stānākrama kṣipramamitrasāha.
10. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca | tān te dadāmi mā prapata
prapātaṃ ye me lokāḥ divi rājendra
santi | yadi antarikṣe yadi vā divi
śritāḥ tān ākrama kṣipram amitrasāha
10. Aṣṭaka said: "O lord of kings (rājendra), I give those [realms] to you; do not fall into ruin! Whatever realms are mine in heaven, whether they reside in the mid-region or in heaven, quickly ascend to them, O conqueror of foes (amitrasāha)!"
ययातिरुवाच ।
नास्मद्विधोऽब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मविच्च प्रतिग्रहे वर्तते राजमुख्य ।
यथा प्रदेयं सततं द्विजेभ्यस्तथाददं पूर्वमहं नरेन्द्र ॥११॥
11. yayātiruvāca ,
nāsmadvidho'brāhmaṇo brahmavicca; pratigrahe vartate rājamukhya ,
yathā pradeyaṁ satataṁ dvijebhya;stathādadaṁ pūrvamahaṁ narendra.
11. yayātiḥ uvāca na asmadvidhaḥ abrāhmaṇaḥ
brahmavit ca pratigrahe vartate
rājamukhya yathā pradeyam satataṃ dvijebhyaḥ
tathā adadaṃ pūrvaṃ ahaṃ narendra
11. Yayati said: "One like me, O chief among kings, who is neither a brahmin nor a knower of brahman (brahman), does not engage in accepting gifts. Rather, just as I constantly used to give to brahmins (dvija), so I gave previously, O king."
नाब्राह्मणः कृपणो जातु जीवेद्या चापि स्याद्ब्राह्मणी वीरपत्नी ।
सोऽहं यदैवाकृतपूर्वं चरेयं विवित्समानः किमु तत्र साधु ॥१२॥
12. nābrāhmaṇaḥ kṛpaṇo jātu jīve;dyā cāpi syādbrāhmaṇī vīrapatnī ,
so'haṁ yadaivākṛtapūrvaṁ careyaṁ; vivitsamānaḥ kimu tatra sādhu.
12. na abrāhmaṇaḥ kṛpaṇaḥ jātu jīvet
yā ca api syāt brāhmaṇī vīrapatnī
saḥ ahaṃ yadā eva akṛtapūrvaṃ
careyaṃ vivitsamānaḥ kim u tatra sādhu
12. "No non-brahmin should ever live in a wretched state, nor should a brahmin woman who is the wife of a hero (live in such a state). So, if I, seeking knowledge, were to perform an act I have never done before, what would truly be proper (sādhu) in that situation?"
प्रतर्दन उवाच ।
पृच्छामि त्वां स्पृहणीयरूप प्रतर्दनोऽहं यदि मे सन्ति लोकाः ।
यद्यन्तरिक्षे यदि वा दिवि श्रिताः क्षेत्रज्ञं त्वां तस्य धर्मस्य मन्ये ॥१३॥
13. pratardana uvāca ,
pṛcchāmi tvāṁ spṛhaṇīyarūpa; pratardano'haṁ yadi me santi lokāḥ ,
yadyantarikṣe yadi vā divi śritāḥ; kṣetrajñaṁ tvāṁ tasya dharmasya manye.
13. pratardanaḥ uvāca pṛcchāmi tvāṃ
spṛhaṇīyarūpa pratardanaḥ ahaṃ yadi me santi
lokāḥ yadi antarikṣe yadi vā divi śritāḥ
kṣetrajñaṃ tvāṃ tasya dharmasya manye
13. Pratardana said: "I ask you, O you of desirable form; I am Pratardana. If there are worlds (lokā) for me, whether they are situated in the atmosphere or in heaven, I consider you the knower (kṣetrajña) of the natural law (dharma) concerning them."
ययातिरुवाच ।
सन्ति लोका बहवस्ते नरेन्द्र अप्येकैकः सप्त सप्ताप्यहानि ।
मधुच्युतो घृतपृक्ता विशोकास्ते नान्तवन्तः प्रतिपालयन्ति ॥१४॥
14. yayātiruvāca ,
santi lokā bahavaste narendra; apyekaikaḥ sapta saptāpyahāni ,
madhucyuto ghṛtapṛktā viśokā;ste nāntavantaḥ pratipālayanti.
14. yayātiḥ uvāca santi lokāḥ bahavaḥ te
narendra api ekaikaḥ sapta sapta
api ahāni madhucyutaḥ ghṛtapṛktāḥ
viśokāḥ te na antavantaḥ pratipālayanti
14. Yayati said: 'O king (narendra), there are many worlds available to you. Each one of them lasts for forty-nine days. They are abundant with honey, enriched with ghee, and free from sorrow. These are not transient and they await you.'
प्रतर्दन उवाच ।
तांस्ते ददामि मा प्रपत प्रपातं ये मे लोकास्तव ते वै भवन्तु ।
यद्यन्तरिक्षे यदि वा दिवि श्रितास्तानाक्रम क्षिप्रमपेतमोहः ॥१५॥
15. pratardana uvāca ,
tāṁste dadāmi mā prapata prapātaṁ; ye me lokāstava te vai bhavantu ,
yadyantarikṣe yadi vā divi śritā;stānākrama kṣipramapetamohaḥ.
15. pratardanaḥ uvāca tān te dadāmi mā
prapata prapātaṃ ye me lokāḥ tava te vai
bhavantu yadi antarikṣe yadi vā divi
śritāḥ tān ākrama kṣipram apetamohaḥ
15. Pratardana said: 'I give those [worlds] to you. Do not fall into the abyss. May those worlds that belong to me indeed become yours. Whether they are situated in the atmosphere or in heaven, quickly take possession of them, being free from delusion (moha).'
ययातिरुवाच ।
न तुल्यतेजाः सुकृतं कामयेत योगक्षेमं पार्थिव पार्थिवः सन् ।
दैवादेशादापदं प्राप्य विद्वांश्चरेन्नृशंसं न हि जातु राजा ॥१६॥
16. yayātiruvāca ,
na tulyatejāḥ sukṛtaṁ kāmayeta; yogakṣemaṁ pārthiva pārthivaḥ san ,
daivādeśādāpadaṁ prāpya vidvāṁ;ścarennṛśaṁsaṁ na hi jātu rājā.
16. yayātiḥ uvāca na tulyatejāḥ sukṛtaṃ
kāmayeta yogakṣemaṃ pārthiva pārthivaḥ
san daivādeśāt āpadaṃ prāpya
vidvān caret nṛśaṃsaṃ na hi jātu rājā
16. Yayati said: 'A king of equal glory should not desire (another's) accumulated merit (sukṛta) or security and welfare (yogakṣema), O king, while he himself is still a king. Even having obtained misfortune by divine decree (daivādeśa), a wise person should act with uncompromising resolve (nṛśaṃsaṃ); for indeed, a king certainly never (yields or acts otherwise).'
धर्म्यं मार्गं चेतयानो यशस्यं कुर्यान्नृपो धर्ममवेक्षमाणः ।
न मद्विधो धर्मबुद्धिः प्रजानन्कुर्यादेवं कृपणं मां यथात्थ ॥१७॥
17. dharmyaṁ mārgaṁ cetayāno yaśasyaṁ; kuryānnṛpo dharmamavekṣamāṇaḥ ,
na madvidho dharmabuddhiḥ prajāna;nkuryādevaṁ kṛpaṇaṁ māṁ yathāttha.
17. dharmyam mārgam cetayānaḥ yaśasyam
kuryāt nṛpaḥ dharmam avekṣamāṇaḥ
na madvidhaḥ dharmabuddhiḥ prajānan
kuryāt evam kṛpaṇam mām yathā āttha
17. A king, reflecting upon his natural law (dharma), should follow the righteous (dharma) path that brings him fame. But one like me, whose intellect is devoted to dharma and who understands (what is right), would not act in such a way that renders me pitiable, as you have described.
कुर्यामपूर्वं न कृतं यदन्यैर्विवित्समानः किमु तत्र साधु ।
ब्रुवाणमेवं नृपतिं ययातिं नृपोत्तमो वसुमनाब्रवीत्तम् ॥१८॥
18. kuryāmapūrvaṁ na kṛtaṁ yadanyai;rvivitsamānaḥ kimu tatra sādhu ,
bruvāṇamevaṁ nṛpatiṁ yayātiṁ; nṛpottamo vasumanābravīttam.
18. kuryām apūrvam na kṛtam yat anyaiḥ
vivitsamānaḥ kimu tatra sādhu
bruvāṇam evam nṛpatim yayātim
nṛpa uttamaḥ vasumanāḥ abravīt tam
18. (Yayati said:) "May I undertake an unprecedented act, one not performed by others, desiring to ascertain what is truly beneficial in that situation." Thus spoke King Yayati, and to him, the excellent king Vasumanas replied.