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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-67

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दुःषन्त उवाच ।
सुव्यक्तं राजपुत्री त्वं यथा कल्याणि भाषसे ।
भार्या मे भव सुश्रोणि ब्रूहि किं करवाणि ते ॥१॥
1. duḥṣanta uvāca ,
suvyaktaṁ rājaputrī tvaṁ yathā kalyāṇi bhāṣase ,
bhāryā me bhava suśroṇi brūhi kiṁ karavāṇi te.
1. duḥṣantaḥ uvāca suvyaktam rājaputrī tvam yathā kalyāṇi
bhāṣase bhāryā me bhava suśroṇi brūhi kim karavāṇi te
1. Duṣyanta said: 'O beautiful one, it is very clear that you are a princess, judging by how you speak. O lady with lovely hips, become my wife. Tell me, what shall I do for you?'
सुवर्णमाला वासांसि कुण्डले परिहाटके ।
नानापत्तनजे शुभ्रे मणिरत्ने च शोभने ॥२॥
2. suvarṇamālā vāsāṁsi kuṇḍale parihāṭake ,
nānāpattanaje śubhre maṇiratne ca śobhane.
2. suvarṇamālā vāsāṃsi kuṇḍale parihāṭake
nānāpattanaje śubhre maṇiratne ca śobhane
2. Golden garlands, garments, golden earrings, and beautiful, gleaming jewels and gems produced in various cities.
आहरामि तवाद्याहं निष्कादीन्यजिनानि च ।
सर्वं राज्यं तवाद्यास्तु भार्या मे भव शोभने ॥३॥
3. āharāmi tavādyāhaṁ niṣkādīnyajināni ca ,
sarvaṁ rājyaṁ tavādyāstu bhāryā me bhava śobhane.
3. āharāmi tava adya aham niṣkādīni ajināni ca sarvam
rājyam tava adya astu bhāryā me bhava śobhane
3. Today I will bring you gold coins and deerskins, and so on. Today, let the entire kingdom be yours. Be my wife, O beautiful one!
गान्धर्वेण च मां भीरु विवाहेनैहि सुन्दरि ।
विवाहानां हि रम्भोरु गान्धर्वः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ॥४॥
4. gāndharveṇa ca māṁ bhīru vivāhenaihi sundari ,
vivāhānāṁ hi rambhoru gāndharvaḥ śreṣṭha ucyate.
4. gāndharveṇa ca mām bhīru vivāhena ehi sundari
vivāhānām hi rambhoru gāndharvaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ ucyate
4. O timid and beautiful one, come to me in a Gāndharva marriage. Indeed, O woman with beautiful thighs, among marriages, the Gāndharva is said to be the best.
शकुन्तलोवाच ।
फलाहारो गतो राजन्पिता मे इत आश्रमात् ।
तं मुहूर्तं प्रतीक्षस्व स मां तुभ्यं प्रदास्यति ॥५॥
5. śakuntalovāca ,
phalāhāro gato rājanpitā me ita āśramāt ,
taṁ muhūrtaṁ pratīkṣasva sa māṁ tubhyaṁ pradāsyati.
5. śakuntalā uvāca phalāhāraḥ gataḥ rājan pitā me itaḥ
āśramāt tam muhūrtam pratīkṣasva saḥ mām tubhyam pradāsyati
5. Śakuntalā said: 'O King, my father, who subsists on fruits, has gone from this hermitage. Please wait for him for a moment; he will give me to you.'
दुःषन्त उवाच ।
इच्छामि त्वां वरारोहे भजमानामनिन्दिते ।
त्वदर्थं मां स्थितं विद्धि त्वद्गतं हि मनो मम ॥६॥
6. duḥṣanta uvāca ,
icchāmi tvāṁ varārohe bhajamānāmanindite ,
tvadarthaṁ māṁ sthitaṁ viddhi tvadgataṁ hi mano mama.
6. duḥṣantaḥ uvāca icchāmi tvām varārohe bhajamānām anindite
tvadartham mām sthitam viddhi tvadgatam hi manaḥ mama
6. Duṣyanta said: 'O woman with excellent hips, O blameless one, I desire you to be devoted to me. Know that I am here for your sake, for indeed my mind is fixed on you.'
आत्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव गतिरात्मैव चात्मनः ।
आत्मनैवात्मनो दानं कर्तुमर्हसि धर्मतः ॥७॥
7. ātmano bandhurātmaiva gatirātmaiva cātmanaḥ ,
ātmanaivātmano dānaṁ kartumarhasi dharmataḥ.
7. ātmanaḥ bandhuḥ ātmā eva gatiḥ ātmā eva ca ātmanaḥ
ātmanā eva ātmanaḥ dānam kartum arhasi dharmataḥ
7. The self is indeed one's friend, and the self alone is one's refuge. Therefore, you should righteously offer your self according to dharma.
अष्टावेव समासेन विवाहा धर्मतः स्मृताः ।
ब्राह्मो दैवस्तथैवार्षः प्राजापत्यस्तथासुरः ॥८॥
8. aṣṭāveva samāsena vivāhā dharmataḥ smṛtāḥ ,
brāhmo daivastathaivārṣaḥ prājāpatyastathāsuraḥ.
8. aṣṭau eva samāsena vivāhāḥ dharmataḥ smṛtāḥ brāhmaḥ
daivaḥ tathā eva ārṣaḥ prājāpatyaḥ tathā āsuraḥ
8. Briefly, eight types of marriages are traditionally recognized as being in accordance with dharma: the Brāhma, Daiva, and likewise the Ārṣa, Prājāpatya, and also the Āsura.
गान्धर्वो राक्षसश्चैव पैशाचश्चाष्टमः स्मृतः ।
तेषां धर्मान्यथापूर्वं मनुः स्वायंभुवोऽब्रवीत् ॥९॥
9. gāndharvo rākṣasaścaiva paiśācaścāṣṭamaḥ smṛtaḥ ,
teṣāṁ dharmānyathāpūrvaṁ manuḥ svāyaṁbhuvo'bravīt.
9. gāndharvaḥ rākṣasaḥ ca eva paiśācaḥ ca aṣṭamaḥ smṛtaḥ
teṣām dharmān yathāpūrvaṃ manuḥ svāyaṃbhuvaḥ abravīt
9. The Gāndharva, the Rākṣasa, and the Paiśāca - which is considered the eighth - are also declared. Manu Svāyambhuvā then explained their respective rules of dharma in the order previously mentioned.
प्रशस्तांश्चतुरः पूर्वान्ब्राह्मणस्योपधारय ।
षडानुपूर्व्या क्षत्रस्य विद्धि धर्म्याननिन्दिते ॥१०॥
10. praśastāṁścaturaḥ pūrvānbrāhmaṇasyopadhāraya ,
ṣaḍānupūrvyā kṣatrasya viddhi dharmyānanindite.
10. praśastān ca caturaḥ pūrvān brāhmaṇasya upadhāraya
ṣaṭ ānupūrvyā kṣatrasya viddhi dharmyān anindite
10. O blameless one, understand the first four approved [marriages] for a Brahmin. Also know the six dharmic types [of marriages], in their proper sequence, for the Kṣatriya.
राज्ञां तु राक्षसोऽप्युक्तो विट्शूद्रेष्वासुरः स्मृतः ।
पञ्चानां तु त्रयो धर्म्या द्वावधर्म्यौ स्मृताविह ॥११॥
11. rājñāṁ tu rākṣaso'pyukto viṭśūdreṣvāsuraḥ smṛtaḥ ,
pañcānāṁ tu trayo dharmyā dvāvadharmyau smṛtāviha.
11. rājñām tu rākṣasaḥ api uktaḥ viṭśūdreṣu āsuraḥ smṛtaḥ
pañcānām tu trayaḥ dharmyāḥ dvau adharmyau smṛtau iha
11. Moreover, the Rākṣasa marriage is also declared suitable for kings (Kṣatriyas). For Vaiśyas and Śūdras, the Āsura marriage is traditionally recognized. In this regard, among five [types of marriages], three are considered dharmic, while two are declared un-dharmic.
पैशाचश्चासुरश्चैव न कर्तव्यौ कथंचन ।
अनेन विधिना कार्यो धर्मस्यैषा गतिः स्मृता ॥१२॥
12. paiśācaścāsuraścaiva na kartavyau kathaṁcana ,
anena vidhinā kāryo dharmasyaiṣā gatiḥ smṛtā.
12. paiśācaḥ ca āsuraḥ ca eva na kartavyau kathaṃcana
anena vidhinā kāryaḥ dharmasya eṣā gatiḥ smṛtā
12. The Paiśāca and Āsura forms of marriage should never be performed. Marriage should be conducted by the proper method, for this is declared to be the course of dharma.
गान्धर्वराक्षसौ क्षत्रे धर्म्यौ तौ मा विशङ्किथाः ।
पृथग्वा यदि वा मिश्रौ कर्तव्यौ नात्र संशयः ॥१३॥
13. gāndharvarākṣasau kṣatre dharmyau tau mā viśaṅkithāḥ ,
pṛthagvā yadi vā miśrau kartavyau nātra saṁśayaḥ.
13. gāndharvarākṣasau kṣatre dharmyau tau mā viśaṅkithāḥ
pṛthak vā yadi vā miśrau kartavyau na atra saṃśayaḥ
13. For a kṣatriya, the Gandharva and Rākṣasa forms of marriage are righteous; do not have any doubt about them. They may be performed either separately or combined; there is no doubt about this.
सा त्वं मम सकामस्य सकामा वरवर्णिनि ।
गान्धर्वेण विवाहेन भार्या भवितुमर्हसि ॥१४॥
14. sā tvaṁ mama sakāmasya sakāmā varavarṇini ,
gāndharveṇa vivāhena bhāryā bhavitumarhasi.
14. sā tvam mama sakāmasya sakāmā varavarṇini
gāndharveṇa vivāhena bhāryā bhavitum arhasi
14. O fair-hipped lady, as I am desirous, and you are also desirous, you are fit to become my wife through a Gandharva marriage.
शकुन्तलोवाच ।
यदि धर्मपथस्त्वेष यदि चात्मा प्रभुर्मम ।
प्रदाने पौरवश्रेष्ठ शृणु मे समयं प्रभो ॥१५॥
15. śakuntalovāca ,
yadi dharmapathastveṣa yadi cātmā prabhurmama ,
pradāne pauravaśreṣṭha śṛṇu me samayaṁ prabho.
15. śakuntalā uvāca yadi dharmapathaḥ tu eṣaḥ yadi ca ātmā
prabhuḥ mama pradāne pauravaśreṣṭha śṛṇu me samayam prabho
15. Śakuntalā said: "If this is indeed the path of dharma, and if I am master of my own self, then, O best of the Purus, O lord, listen to my condition regarding my yielding (to you)."
सत्यं मे प्रतिजानीहि यत्त्वां वक्ष्याम्यहं रहः ।
मम जायेत यः पुत्रः स भवेत्त्वदनन्तरम् ॥१६॥
16. satyaṁ me pratijānīhi yattvāṁ vakṣyāmyahaṁ rahaḥ ,
mama jāyeta yaḥ putraḥ sa bhavettvadanantaram.
16. satyam me pratijānīhi yat tvām vakṣyāmi aham rahaḥ
mama jāyeta yaḥ putraḥ sa bhavet tvad anantaram
16. Promise me truly what I will tell you privately: that any son born to me shall succeed you (as king).
युवराजो महाराज सत्यमेतद्ब्रवीहि मे ।
यद्येतदेवं दुःषन्त अस्तु मे संगमस्त्वया ॥१७॥
17. yuvarājo mahārāja satyametadbravīhi me ,
yadyetadevaṁ duḥṣanta astu me saṁgamastvayā.
17. yuvarājaḥ mahārāja satyam etat bravīhi me yadi
etat evam duḥṣanta astu me saṅgamaḥ tvayā
17. O Crown Prince, O Great King, tell me this truth. If this is indeed so, O Duṣyanta, then let my union with you take place.
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमस्त्विति तां राजा प्रत्युवाचाविचारयन् ।
अपि च त्वां नयिष्यामि नगरं स्वं शुचिस्मिते ।
यथा त्वमर्हा सुश्रोणि सत्यमेतद्ब्रवीमि ते ॥१८॥
18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamastviti tāṁ rājā pratyuvācāvicārayan ,
api ca tvāṁ nayiṣyāmi nagaraṁ svaṁ śucismite ,
yathā tvamarhā suśroṇi satyametadbravīmi te.
18. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca evam astu iti tām
rājā prati uvāca avicarayan api ca tvām
nayiṣyāmi nagaram svam śucismite yathā
tvam arhā suśroṇi satyam etat bravīmi te
18. Vaiśampāyana said: The king, without hesitation, replied to her, 'So be it! Moreover, O pure-smiling one, I will take you to my city, for you are worthy, O beautiful-hipped one. This truth I tell you.'
एवमुक्त्वा स राजर्षिस्तामनिन्दितगामिनीम् ।
जग्राह विधिवत्पाणावुवास च तया सह ॥१९॥
19. evamuktvā sa rājarṣistāmaninditagāminīm ,
jagrāha vidhivatpāṇāvuvāsa ca tayā saha.
19. evam uktvā saḥ rājarṣiḥ tām aninditagāminīm
jagrāha vidhivat pāṇau uvāsa ca tayā saha
19. Having spoken thus, that royal sage, according to ritual, took her (the one with faultless gait) by the hand, and then dwelled with her.
विश्वास्य चैनां स प्रायादब्रवीच्च पुनः पुनः ।
प्रेषयिष्ये तवार्थाय वाहिनीं चतुरङ्गिणीम् ।
तया त्वामानयिष्यामि निवासं स्वं शुचिस्मिते ॥२०॥
20. viśvāsya caināṁ sa prāyādabravīcca punaḥ punaḥ ,
preṣayiṣye tavārthāya vāhinīṁ caturaṅgiṇīm ,
tayā tvāmānayiṣyāmi nivāsaṁ svaṁ śucismite.
20. viśvāsya ca enām saḥ prāyāt abravīt
ca punaḥ punaḥ preṣayiṣye tava
arthāya vāhinīm caturaṅgiṇīm tayā
tvām ānayiṣyāmi nivāsam svam śucismite
20. Having reassured her, he departed, and repeatedly said, 'For your sake, I will send a four-fold army. With it, O pure-smiling one, I will bring you to my own abode.'
इति तस्याः प्रतिश्रुत्य स नृपो जनमेजय ।
मनसा चिन्तयन्प्रायात्काश्यपं प्रति पार्थिवः ॥२१॥
21. iti tasyāḥ pratiśrutya sa nṛpo janamejaya ,
manasā cintayanprāyātkāśyapaṁ prati pārthivaḥ.
21. iti tasyāḥ pratiśrutya saḥ nṛpaḥ janamejaya
manasā cintayan prāyāt kāśyapam prati pārthivaḥ
21. O Janamejaya, having thus made a promise to her, that king, pondering in his mind, departed towards Kaśyapa.
भगवांस्तपसा युक्तः श्रुत्वा किं नु करिष्यति ।
एवं संचिन्तयन्नेव प्रविवेश स्वकं पुरम् ॥२२॥
22. bhagavāṁstapasā yuktaḥ śrutvā kiṁ nu kariṣyati ,
evaṁ saṁcintayanneva praviveśa svakaṁ puram.
22. bhagavān tapasā yuktaḥ śrutvā kim nu kariṣyati
evam saṃcintayan eva praviveśa svakam puram
22. What will the revered one, engaged in severe asceticism (tapas), do after hearing this? Thinking thus, he entered his own city.
मुहूर्तयाते तस्मिंस्तु कण्वोऽप्याश्रममागमत् ।
शकुन्तला च पितरं ह्रिया नोपजगाम तम् ॥२३॥
23. muhūrtayāte tasmiṁstu kaṇvo'pyāśramamāgamat ,
śakuntalā ca pitaraṁ hriyā nopajagāma tam.
23. muhūrtayāte tasmin tu kaṇvaḥ api āśramam āgamat
śakuntalā ca pitaram hriyā na upajagāma tam
23. But when he had departed for a short time, Kaṇva also arrived at the hermitage. And Śakuntalā, out of shame, did not approach her father.
विज्ञायाथ च तां कण्वो दिव्यज्ञानो महातपाः ।
उवाच भगवान्प्रीतः पश्यन्दिव्येन चक्षुषा ॥२४॥
24. vijñāyātha ca tāṁ kaṇvo divyajñāno mahātapāḥ ,
uvāca bhagavānprītaḥ paśyandivyena cakṣuṣā.
24. vijñāya atha ca tām kaṇvaḥ divyajñānaḥ mahātapaḥ
uvāca bhagavān prītaḥ paśyat divyena cakṣuṣā
24. And then, having understood her situation, the revered sage Kaṇva, who possessed divine knowledge and great ascetic power (tapas), spoke with pleasure, perceiving with his divine eye.
त्वयाद्य राजान्वयया मामनादृत्य यत्कृतः ।
पुंसा सह समायोगो न स धर्मोपघातकः ॥२५॥
25. tvayādya rājānvayayā māmanādṛtya yatkṛtaḥ ,
puṁsā saha samāyogo na sa dharmopaghātakaḥ.
25. tvayā adya rājānvayayā mām anādṛtya yat kṛtaḥ
puṃsā saha samāyogaḥ na sa dharmopaghātakaḥ
25. Today, by you, who belong to a royal lineage, this union with a man, which was made without consulting me, is not detrimental to dharma.
क्षत्रियस्य हि गान्धर्वो विवाहः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ।
सकामायाः सकामेन निर्मन्त्रो रहसि स्मृतः ॥२६॥
26. kṣatriyasya hi gāndharvo vivāhaḥ śreṣṭha ucyate ,
sakāmāyāḥ sakāmena nirmantro rahasi smṛtaḥ.
26. kṣatriyasya hi gāndharvaḥ vivāhaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ ucyate
sakāmāyāḥ sakāmena nirmantraḥ rahasi smṛtaḥ
26. For indeed, the Gāndharva form of marriage is declared the best for a kṣatriya. It is remembered (as valid) when a desirous woman and a desirous man unite secretly, without ritual mantras.
धर्मात्मा च महात्मा च दुःषन्तः पुरुषोत्तमः ।
अभ्यगच्छः पतिं यं त्वं भजमानं शकुन्तले ॥२७॥
27. dharmātmā ca mahātmā ca duḥṣantaḥ puruṣottamaḥ ,
abhyagacchaḥ patiṁ yaṁ tvaṁ bhajamānaṁ śakuntale.
27. dharmātmā ca mahātmā ca duḥṣantaḥ puruṣottamaḥ
abhyagacchaḥ patiṃ yaṃ tvaṃ bhajamānaṃ śakuntale
27. O Śakuntalā, that Duṣyanta, whom you obtained as a loving husband, is righteous, great-souled, and the best among men.
महात्मा जनिता लोके पुत्रस्तव महाबलः ।
य इमां सागरापाङ्गां कृत्स्नां भोक्ष्यति मेदिनीम् ॥२८॥
28. mahātmā janitā loke putrastava mahābalaḥ ,
ya imāṁ sāgarāpāṅgāṁ kṛtsnāṁ bhokṣyati medinīm.
28. mahātmā janitā loke putraḥ tava mahābalaḥ yaḥ
imāṃ sāgarāpāṅgāṃ kṛtsnāṃ bhokṣyati medinīm
28. Your greatly powerful son, a great soul, will be born in the world, who will rule this entire earth, whose borders are the oceans.
परं चाभिप्रयातस्य चक्रं तस्य महात्मनः ।
भविष्यत्यप्रतिहतं सततं चक्रवर्तिनः ॥२९॥
29. paraṁ cābhiprayātasya cakraṁ tasya mahātmanaḥ ,
bhaviṣyatyapratihataṁ satataṁ cakravartinaḥ.
29. paraṃ ca abhiprayātasya cakraṃ tasya mahātmanaḥ
bhaviṣyati apratihataṃ satataṃ cakravartinaḥ
29. And moreover, the authority of that great-souled universal monarch, who has advanced, will always be irresistible.
ततः प्रक्षाल्य पादौ सा विश्रान्तं मुनिमब्रवीत् ।
विनिधाय ततो भारं संनिधाय फलानि च ॥३०॥
30. tataḥ prakṣālya pādau sā viśrāntaṁ munimabravīt ,
vinidhāya tato bhāraṁ saṁnidhāya phalāni ca.
30. tataḥ prakṣālya pādau sā viśrāntaṃ munim abravīt
vinidhāya tataḥ bhāraṃ saṃnidhāya phalāni ca
30. After setting down her burden and arranging the fruits, she washed his feet. Then she spoke to the rested sage.
मया पतिर्वृतो योऽसौ दुःषन्तः पुरुषोत्तमः ।
तस्मै ससचिवाय त्वं प्रसादं कर्तुमर्हसि ॥३१॥
31. mayā patirvṛto yo'sau duḥṣantaḥ puruṣottamaḥ ,
tasmai sasacivāya tvaṁ prasādaṁ kartumarhasi.
31. mayā patiḥ vṛtaḥ yaḥ asau duḥṣantaḥ puruṣottamaḥ
tasmai sasacivāya tvaṃ prasādaṃ kartuṃ arhasi
31. You ought to show favor to Duṣyanta, the best among men, whom I chose as my husband, along with his ministers.
कण्व उवाच ।
प्रसन्न एव तस्याहं त्वत्कृते वरवर्णिनि ।
गृहाण च वरं मत्तस्तत्कृते यदभीप्सितम् ॥३२॥
32. kaṇva uvāca ,
prasanna eva tasyāhaṁ tvatkṛte varavarṇini ,
gṛhāṇa ca varaṁ mattastatkṛte yadabhīpsitam.
32. kaṇvaḥ uvāca prasannaḥ eva tasyāḥ aham tvatkṛte
varavarṇini gṛhāṇa ca varam mattaḥ tatkṛte yat abhīpsitam
32. Kaṇva said: 'O beautiful lady, I am indeed pleased with her on your account. Therefore, ask from me whatever boon is desired for her.'
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो धर्मिष्ठतां वव्रे राज्याच्चास्खलनं तथा ।
शकुन्तला पौरवाणां दुःषन्तहितकाम्यया ॥३३॥
33. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato dharmiṣṭhatāṁ vavre rājyāccāskhalanaṁ tathā ,
śakuntalā pauravāṇāṁ duḥṣantahitakāmyayā.
33. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ dharmiṣṭhatām vavre rājyāt ca
askhalanam tathā śakuntalā pauravāṇām duḥṣantahitakāmyayā
33. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, out of a desire for Duṣyanta's welfare, Śakuntalā chose for the Pauravas (his descendants) both steadfast adherence to dharma and an unbroken succession to the kingdom.