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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-100

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
गार्हस्थ्यं धर्ममखिलं प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ ।
ऋद्धिमाप्नोति किं कृत्वा मनुष्य इह पार्थिव ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
gārhasthyaṁ dharmamakhilaṁ prabrūhi bharatarṣabha ,
ṛddhimāpnoti kiṁ kṛtvā manuṣya iha pārthiva.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca gārhasthyaṃ dharmam akhilaṃ prabrūhi
bharata-ṛṣabha ṛddhim āpnoti kiṃ kṛtvā manuṣyaḥ iha pārthiva
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: bharata-ṛṣabha,
pārthiva,
akhilaṃ gārhasthyaṃ dharmam prabrūhi.
iha manuṣyaḥ kiṃ kṛtvā ṛddhim āpnoti?
1. Yudhishthira said: O best of Bharatas, O king, please fully explain the householder's (dharma). What must a person do in this world to attain prosperity?
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि पुरावृत्तं जनाधिप ।
वासुदेवस्य संवादं पृथिव्याश्चैव भारत ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atra te vartayiṣyāmi purāvṛttaṁ janādhipa ,
vāsudevasya saṁvādaṁ pṛthivyāścaiva bhārata.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra te vartayiṣyāmi purāvṛttam
janādhipa vāsudevasya saṃvādam pṛthivyāḥ ca eva bhārata
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca janādhipa bhārata atra te purāvṛttam
vāsudevasya ca pṛthivyāḥ eva saṃvādam vartayiṣyāmi
2. Bhishma said: O ruler of men, O Bhārata, I will now narrate to you an ancient event: the conversation between Vasudeva and the Earth.
संस्तूय पृथिवीं देवीं वासुदेवः प्रतापवान् ।
पप्रच्छ भरतश्रेष्ठ यदेतत्पृच्छसेऽद्य माम् ॥३॥
3. saṁstūya pṛthivīṁ devīṁ vāsudevaḥ pratāpavān ,
papraccha bharataśreṣṭha yadetatpṛcchase'dya mām.
3. saṃstūya pṛthivīm devīm vāsudevaḥ pratāpavān
papraccha bharataśreṣṭha yat etat pṛcchase adya mām
3. bharataśreṣṭha pratāpavān vāsudevaḥ devīm pṛthivīm
saṃstūya yat etat adya mām pṛcchase papraccha
3. O best of Bhāratas, the illustrious Vasudeva, having praised the goddess Earth, then asked her precisely what you are asking me today.
वासुदेव उवाच ।
गार्हस्थ्यं धर्ममाश्रित्य मया वा मद्विधेन वा ।
किमवश्यं धरे कार्यं किं वा कृत्वा सुखी भवेत् ॥४॥
4. vāsudeva uvāca ,
gārhasthyaṁ dharmamāśritya mayā vā madvidhena vā ,
kimavaśyaṁ dhare kāryaṁ kiṁ vā kṛtvā sukhī bhavet.
4. vāsudevaḥ uvāca gārhasthyam dharmam āśritya mayā vā madvidhena
vā kim avaśyam dhare kāryam kim vā kṛtvā sukhī bhavet
4. vāsudevaḥ uvāca dhare gārhasthyam dharmam āśritya mayā vā
madvidhena vā kim avaśyam kāryam vā kim kṛtvā sukhī bhavet
4. Vasudeva said: O Earth, having adopted the householder's way of life (dharma), what must necessarily be done by me or by someone like me? Or, by doing what would one become happy?
पृथिव्युवाच ।
ऋषयः पितरो देवा मनुष्याश्चैव माधव ।
इज्याश्चैवार्चनीयाश्च यथा चैवं निबोध मे ॥५॥
5. pṛthivyuvāca ,
ṛṣayaḥ pitaro devā manuṣyāścaiva mādhava ,
ijyāścaivārcanīyāśca yathā caivaṁ nibodha me.
5. pṛthivī uvāca ṛṣayaḥ pitaraḥ devāḥ manuṣyāḥ ca eva
mādhava ijyāḥ ca eva arcanīyāḥ ca yathā ca evam nibodha me
5. pṛthivī uvāca mādhava ṛṣayaḥ pitaraḥ devāḥ manuṣyāḥ ca
eva ijyāḥ ca eva arcanīyāḥ ca yathā evam me nibodha
5. The Earth said: O Madhava, hear from me in what manner the sages, the ancestors, the gods, and humans are to be offered Vedic ritual (ijyā) and revered.
सदा यज्ञेन देवांश्च आतिथ्येन च मानवान् ।
छन्दतश्च यथानित्यमर्हान्युञ्जीत नित्यशः ।
तेन ह्यृषिगणाः प्रीता भवन्ति मधुसूदन ॥६॥
6. sadā yajñena devāṁśca ātithyena ca mānavān ,
chandataśca yathānityamarhānyuñjīta nityaśaḥ ,
tena hyṛṣigaṇāḥ prītā bhavanti madhusūdana.
6. sadā yajñena devān ca ātithyena ca
mānavān chandataḥ ca yathā nityam
arhān yuñjīta nityaśaḥ tena hi
ṛṣigaṇāḥ prītā bhavanti madhusūdana
6. madhusūdana sadā yajñena devān ca
ātithyena ca mānavān ca chandataḥ
yathā nityam arhān nityaśaḥ
yuñjīta hi tena ṛṣigaṇāḥ prītā bhavanti
6. O Madhusūdana, one should always engage the gods with Vedic rituals (yajña) and humans with hospitality, and likewise, daily, one should freely and consistently employ deserving individuals. Indeed, by this, the groups of sages become pleased.
नित्यमग्निं परिचरेदभुक्त्वा बलिकर्म च ।
कुर्यात्तथैव देवा वै प्रीयन्ते मधुसूदन ॥७॥
7. nityamagniṁ paricaredabhuktvā balikarma ca ,
kuryāttathaiva devā vai prīyante madhusūdana.
7. nityam agnim paricaret abhuktvā balikarma ca
kuryāt tathā eva devāḥ vai prīyante madhusūdana
7. madhusūdana nityam agnim abhuktvā balikarma ca
paricaret tatha eva kuryāt vai devāḥ prīyante
7. O Madhusūdana, one should always attend to the fire and perform offerings (balikarma) without having eaten. If one acts in this manner, the gods are indeed pleased.
कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धमन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा ।
पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितॄणां प्रीतिमाहरन् ॥८॥
8. kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhamannādyenodakena vā ,
payomūlaphalairvāpi pitṝṇāṁ prītimāharan.
8. kuryāt aharahaḥ śrāddham annādyena udakena vā
payomūlaphalaiḥ vā api pitṝṇām prītim āharan
8. aharahaḥ śrāddham annādyena udakena vā
payomūlaphalaiḥ vā api pitṝṇām prītim āharan kuryāt
8. One should perform the śrāddha ritual daily, either with cooked food and water, or with milk, roots, and fruits, thereby bringing satisfaction to the ancestors.
सिद्धान्नाद्वैश्वदेवं वै कुर्यादग्नौ यथाविधि ।
अग्नीषोमं वैश्वदेवं धान्वन्तर्यमनन्तरम् ॥९॥
9. siddhānnādvaiśvadevaṁ vai kuryādagnau yathāvidhi ,
agnīṣomaṁ vaiśvadevaṁ dhānvantaryamanantaram.
9. siddhānnāt vaiśvadevam vai kuryāt agnau yathāvidhi
agnīṣomam vaiśvadevam dhānvantaryam anantaram
9. siddhānnāt vai vaiśvadevam agnau yathāvidhi kuryāt
anantaram agnīṣomam vaiśvadevam dhānvantaryam kuryāt
9. From cooked food, one should indeed perform the Vaiśvadeva ritual in the fire according to the prescribed method. Immediately after, one should perform the Agniṣoma, Vaiśvadeva, and Dhānvantarya rituals.
प्रजानां पतये चैव पृथग्घोमो विधीयते ।
तथैव चानुपूर्व्येण बलिकर्म प्रयोजयेत् ॥१०॥
10. prajānāṁ pataye caiva pṛthagghomo vidhīyate ,
tathaiva cānupūrvyeṇa balikarma prayojayet.
10. prajānām pataye ca eva pṛthak homaḥ vidhīyate
tathā eva ca anupūrvyeṇa balikarma prayojayet
10. ca eva prajānām pataye pṛthak homaḥ vidhīyate
tathā eva ca anupūrvyeṇa balikarma prayojayet
10. And indeed, separate Vedic fire rituals (homa) are prescribed for Prajapati, the lord of creatures. Likewise, the rites of offering (balikarma) should be performed in due order.
दक्षिणायां यमायेह प्रतीच्यां वरुणाय च ।
सोमाय चाप्युदीच्यां वै वास्तुमध्ये द्विजातये ॥११॥
11. dakṣiṇāyāṁ yamāyeha pratīcyāṁ varuṇāya ca ,
somāya cāpyudīcyāṁ vai vāstumadhye dvijātaye.
11. dakṣiṇāyām yamāya iha pratīcyām varuṇāya ca
somāya ca api udīcyām vai vāstumadhye dvijātaye
11. iha dakṣiṇāyām yamāya ca pratīcyām varuṇāya ca
api udīcyām somāya vai vāstumadhye dvijātaye
11. Here, an offering is made to Yama in the south, and to Varuna in the west. And to Soma in the north, and indeed to the twice-born (dvija) in the center of the dwelling.
धन्वन्तरेः प्रागुदीच्यां प्राच्यां शक्राय माधव ।
मनोर्वै इति च प्राहुर्बलिं द्वारे गृहस्य वै ।
मरुद्भ्यो देवताभ्यश्च बलिमन्तर्गृहे हरेत् ॥१२॥
12. dhanvantareḥ prāgudīcyāṁ prācyāṁ śakrāya mādhava ,
manorvai iti ca prāhurbaliṁ dvāre gṛhasya vai ,
marudbhyo devatābhyaśca balimantargṛhe haret.
12. dhanvantareḥ prāk udīcyām prācyām
śakrāya mādhava manoḥ vai iti ca prāhuḥ
balim dvāre gṛhasya vai marudbhyaḥ
devatābhyaḥ ca balim antargṛhe haret
12. mādhava dhanvantareḥ prāk udīcyām
śakrāya prācyām vai iti ca prāhuḥ
balim manoḥ gṛhasya dvāre ca marudbhyaḥ
devatābhyaḥ balim antargṛhe haret
12. O Madhava, to Dhanvantari in the northeast, and to Indra in the east. Indeed, they also say that an offering should be made to Manu at the door of the house. Furthermore, one should convey the offering inside the house to the Maruts and other deities.
तथैव विश्वेदेवेभ्यो बलिमाकाशतो हरेत् ।
निशाचरेभ्यो भूतेभ्यो बलिं नक्तं तथा हरेत् ॥१३॥
13. tathaiva viśvedevebhyo balimākāśato haret ,
niśācarebhyo bhūtebhyo baliṁ naktaṁ tathā haret.
13. tathā eva viśvedevebhyaḥ balim ākāśataḥ haret
niśācarebhyaḥ bhūtebhyaḥ balim naktam tathā haret
13. tathā eva viśvedevebhyaḥ ākāśataḥ balim haret
tathā naktam niśācarebhyaḥ bhūtebhyaḥ balim haret
13. Likewise, one should convey the offering to the Viśvedevas in the sky. And similarly, one should present the offering at night to the night-roaming spirits (bhūtas).
एवं कृत्वा बलिं सम्यग्दद्याद्भिक्षां द्विजातये ।
अलाभे ब्राह्मणस्याग्नावग्रमुत्क्षिप्य निक्षिपेत् ॥१४॥
14. evaṁ kṛtvā baliṁ samyagdadyādbhikṣāṁ dvijātaye ,
alābhe brāhmaṇasyāgnāvagramutkṣipya nikṣipet.
14. evam kṛtvā balim samyak dadyāt bhikṣām dvijātaye
alābhe brāhmaṇasya agnau agram utkṣipya nikṣipet
14. evam balim samyak kṛtvā dvijātaye bhikṣām dadyāt
brāhmaṇasya alābhe agnau agram utkṣipya nikṣipet
14. Having thus properly performed the offering (bali), one should give alms to a twice-born (dvija). In the absence of a brāhmaṇa, one should cast the best part into the fire after throwing it up.
यदा श्राद्धं पितृभ्यश्च दातुमिच्छेत मानवः ।
तदा पश्चात्प्रकुर्वीत निवृत्ते श्राद्धकर्मणि ॥१५॥
15. yadā śrāddhaṁ pitṛbhyaśca dātumiccheta mānavaḥ ,
tadā paścātprakurvīta nivṛtte śrāddhakarmaṇi.
15. yadā śrāddham pitṛbhyaḥ ca dātum icchet mānavaḥ
tadā paścāt prakurvīta nivṛtte śrāddhakarmaṇi
15. yadā mānavaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca śrāddham dātum icchet
tadā nivṛtte śrāddhakarmaṇi paścāt prakurvīta
15. When a person wishes to perform a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) for the ancestors, he should then perform the bali offering after the śrāddha ritual has concluded.
पितॄन्संतर्पयित्वा तु बलिं कुर्याद्विधानतः ।
वैश्वदेवं ततः कुर्यात्पश्चाद्ब्राह्मणवाचनम् ॥१६॥
16. pitṝnsaṁtarpayitvā tu baliṁ kuryādvidhānataḥ ,
vaiśvadevaṁ tataḥ kuryātpaścādbrāhmaṇavācanam.
16. pitṝn saṃtarpayitvā tu balim kuryāt vidhānataḥ
vaiśvadevam tataḥ kuryāt paścāt brāhmaṇavācanam
16. pitṝn saṃtarpayitvā tu vidhānataḥ balim kuryāt
tataḥ vaiśvadevam kuryāt paścāt brāhmaṇavācanam
16. Having satisfied the ancestors, one should perform the bali offering according to the prescribed rules. Thereafter, one should perform the Vaiśvadeva ritual, and then the recitation by brāhmaṇas.
ततोऽन्नेनावशेषेण भोजयेदतिथीनपि ।
अर्चापूर्वं महाराज ततः प्रीणाति मानुषान् ॥१७॥
17. tato'nnenāvaśeṣeṇa bhojayedatithīnapi ,
arcāpūrvaṁ mahārāja tataḥ prīṇāti mānuṣān.
17. tataḥ annena avaśeṣeṇa bhojayet atithīn api
arcāpūrvam mahārāja tataḥ prīṇāti mānuṣān
17. mahārāja tataḥ avaśeṣeṇa annena atithīn api
bhojayet arcāpūrvam tataḥ mānuṣān prīṇāti
17. Then, with the remaining food, one should also feed the guests. O great king, by first honoring them, one thereby pleases people.
अनित्यं हि स्थितो
यस्मात्तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते ॥१८॥
18. anityaṁ hi sthito
yasmāttasmādatithirucyate.
18. anityam hi sthitaḥ yasmāt
tasmāt atithiḥ ucyate
18. hi yasmāt anityam sthitaḥ
tasmāt atithiḥ ucyate
18. Indeed, because one's stay is not permanent, for that reason, such a person is called a guest.
आचार्यस्य पितुश्चैव सख्युराप्तस्य चातिथेः ।
इदमस्ति गृहे मह्यमिति नित्यं निवेदयेत् ॥१९॥
19. ācāryasya pituścaiva sakhyurāptasya cātitheḥ ,
idamasti gṛhe mahyamiti nityaṁ nivedayet.
19. ācāryasya pituḥ ca eva sakhyuḥ āptasya ca atitheḥ
idam asti gṛhe mahyam iti nityam nivedayet
19. ācāryasya pituḥ ca eva sakhyuḥ āptasya ca atitheḥ
idam mahyam gṛhe asti iti nityam nivedayet
19. One should always declare to the preceptor (ācārya), father, friend, trusted person, and guest: 'This (food, provisions) is available in my house.'
ते यद्वदेयुस्तत्कुर्यादिति धर्मो विधीयते ।
गृहस्थः पुरुषः कृष्ण शिष्टाशी च सदा भवेत् ॥२०॥
20. te yadvadeyustatkuryāditi dharmo vidhīyate ,
gṛhasthaḥ puruṣaḥ kṛṣṇa śiṣṭāśī ca sadā bhavet.
20. te yat vadeyuḥ tat kuryāt iti dharmaḥ vidhīyate
gṛhasthaḥ puruṣaḥ kṛṣṇa śiṣṭāśī ca sadā bhavet
20. yat te vadeyuḥ tat kuryāt iti dharmaḥ vidhīyate
kṛṣṇa gṛhasthaḥ puruṣaḥ ca sadā śiṣṭāśī bhavet
20. Whatever they say, that one should do; this is how the natural law (dharma) is prescribed. O Kṛṣṇa, a householder (gṛhastha puruṣa) should always partake only of the remnants (of offerings).
राजर्त्विजं स्नातकं च गुरुं श्वशुरमेव च ।
अर्चयेन्मधुपर्केण परिसंवत्सरोषितान् ॥२१॥
21. rājartvijaṁ snātakaṁ ca guruṁ śvaśurameva ca ,
arcayenmadhuparkeṇa parisaṁvatsaroṣitān.
21. rājaṛtvijam snātakam ca gurum śvaśuram eva ca
arcayet madhuparkeṇa parisamvatsara uṣitān
21. rājaṛtvijam snātakam ca gurum śvaśuram eva ca
parisamvatsara uṣitān madhuparkeṇa arcayet
21. One should honor with (madhuparka) the royal priest (rājarṭvij), the snātaka, the preceptor (guru), and the father-in-law, especially those who have returned after a year's absence.
श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च वयोभ्यश्चावपेद्भुवि ।
वैश्वदेवं हि नामैतत्सायंप्रातर्विधीयते ॥२२॥
22. śvabhyaśca śvapacebhyaśca vayobhyaścāvapedbhuvi ,
vaiśvadevaṁ hi nāmaitatsāyaṁprātarvidhīyate.
22. śvabhyaḥ ca śvapaccebhyaḥ ca vayobhyaḥ ca avapet
bhuvi | vaiśvadevam hi nāma etat sāyamprātar vidhīyate
22. etat nāma vaiśvadevam hi śvabhyaḥ ca śvapaccebhyaḥ
ca vayobhyaḥ ca bhuvi avapet sāyamprātar vidhīyate
22. One should scatter offerings on the ground for dogs, for outcasts, and for birds. For this is indeed called the vaiśvadeva [Vedic ritual], which is to be performed both morning and evening.
एतांस्तु धर्मान्गार्हस्थान्यः कुर्यादनसूयकः ।
स इहर्द्धिं परां प्राप्य प्रेत्य नाके महीयते ॥२३॥
23. etāṁstu dharmāngārhasthānyaḥ kuryādanasūyakaḥ ,
sa iharddhiṁ parāṁ prāpya pretya nāke mahīyate.
23. etān tu dharmān gārhasthān yaḥ kuryāt anasūyakaḥ
| saḥ iha ṛddhim parām prāpya pretya nāke mahīyate
23. yaḥ anasūyakaḥ etān gārhasthān dharmān kuryāt
saḥ iha parām ṛddhim prāpya pretya nāke mahīyate
23. That person who, without envy, performs these household duties (dharma) attains supreme prosperity in this world, and after death, is glorified in heaven (nāka).
भीष्म उवाच ।
इति भूमेर्वचः श्रुत्वा वासुदेवः प्रतापवान् ।
तथा चकार सततं त्वमप्येवं समाचर ॥२४॥
24. bhīṣma uvāca ,
iti bhūmervacaḥ śrutvā vāsudevaḥ pratāpavān ,
tathā cakāra satataṁ tvamapyevaṁ samācara.
24. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | iti bhūmeḥ vacaḥ śrutvā vāsudevaḥ
pratāpavān | tathā cakāra satatam tvam api evam samācara
24. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti bhūmeḥ vacaḥ śrutvā pratāpavān
vāsudevaḥ satatam tathā cakāra tvam api evam samācara
24. Bhīṣma said: "Having heard these words from Bhūmi, the glorious Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) always acted accordingly. You, too, should always act in this same manner."
एवं गृहस्थधर्मं त्वं चेतयानो नराधिप ।
इहलोके यशः प्राप्य प्रेत्य स्वर्गमवाप्स्यसि ॥२५॥
25. evaṁ gṛhasthadharmaṁ tvaṁ cetayāno narādhipa ,
ihaloke yaśaḥ prāpya pretya svargamavāpsyasi.
25. evam gṛhasthadharmam tvam cetayānaḥ narādhipa
| ihaloke yaśaḥ prāpya pretya svargam avāpsyasi
25. narādhipa tvam evam gṛhasthadharmam cetayānaḥ
ihaloke yaśaḥ prāpya pretya svargam avāpsyasi
25. O king among men, by thus understanding the natural law (dharma) of a householder, you will attain fame in this world and, after death, will reach heaven.