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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-113

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अधर्मस्य गतिर्ब्रह्मन्कथिता मे त्वयानघ ।
धर्मस्य तु गतिं श्रोतुमिच्छामि वदतां वर ।
कृत्वा कर्माणि पापानि कथं यान्ति शुभां गतिम् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
adharmasya gatirbrahmankathitā me tvayānagha ,
dharmasya tu gatiṁ śrotumicchāmi vadatāṁ vara ,
kṛtvā karmāṇi pāpāni kathaṁ yānti śubhāṁ gatim.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | adharmasya gatiḥ
brahman kathitā me tvayā anagha | dharmasya
tu gatim śrotum icchāmi vadatām vara |
kṛtvā karmāṇi pāpāni katham yānti śubhām gatim
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca anagha brahman tvayā
me adharmasya gatiḥ kathitā tu vadatām
vara dharmasya gatim śrotum icchāmi pāpāni
karmāṇi kṛtvā katham śubhām gatim yānti
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O (brahman), O sinless one, you have recounted to me the outcome of unrighteousness (adharma). But I wish to hear the outcome of (dharma), O best of speakers. How do people who have committed sinful actions (karma) attain a propitious destination?'
बृहस्पतिरुवाच ।
कृत्वा पापानि कर्माणि अधर्मवशमागतः ।
मनसा विपरीतेन निरयं प्रतिपद्यते ॥२॥
2. bṛhaspatiruvāca ,
kṛtvā pāpāni karmāṇi adharmavaśamāgataḥ ,
manasā viparītena nirayaṁ pratipadyate.
2. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca kṛtvā pāpāni karmāṇi adharmavaśam
āgataḥ manasā viparītena nirayam pratipadyate
2. Bṛhaspati said: One who, having committed sinful deeds and come under the influence of unrighteousness (adharma), with a perverted mind attains hell.
मोहादधर्मं यः कृत्वा पुनः समनुतप्यते ।
मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तो न स सेवेत दुष्कृतम् ॥३॥
3. mohādadharmaṁ yaḥ kṛtvā punaḥ samanutapyate ,
manaḥsamādhisaṁyukto na sa seveta duṣkṛtam.
3. mohāt adharmam yaḥ kṛtvā punaḥ samanutapyate
manaḥsamādhisaṃyuktaḥ na saḥ seveta duṣkṛtam
3. He who, having committed unrighteousness (adharma) out of delusion, then repents, such a person, endowed with mental concentration, should not engage in evil actions.
यथा यथा नरः सम्यगधर्ममनुभाषते ।
समाहितेन मनसा विमुच्यति तथा तथा ।
भुजंग इव निर्मोकात्पूर्वभुक्ताज्जरान्वितात् ॥४॥
4. yathā yathā naraḥ samyagadharmamanubhāṣate ,
samāhitena manasā vimucyati tathā tathā ,
bhujaṁga iva nirmokātpūrvabhuktājjarānvitāt.
4. yathā yathā naraḥ samyak adharmam
anubhāṣate samāhitena manasā
vimucyati tathā tathā bhujaṅgaḥ
iva nirmokāt pūrvabhuktāt jarānvitāt
4. In whatever way a person truthfully confesses unrighteousness (adharma) with a concentrated mind, in that same way he becomes liberated, just like a serpent from its old, previously shed skin.
अदत्त्वापि प्रदानानि विविधानि समाहितः ।
मनःसमाधिसंयुक्तः सुगतिं प्रतिपद्यते ॥५॥
5. adattvāpi pradānāni vividhāni samāhitaḥ ,
manaḥsamādhisaṁyuktaḥ sugatiṁ pratipadyate.
5. adatvā api pradānāni vividhāni samāhitaḥ
manaḥsamādhisaṃyuktaḥ sugatim pratipadyate
5. Even without having given various donations, a person who is composed and endowed with mental concentration attains a good destiny (sugati).
प्रदानानि तु वक्ष्यामि यानि दत्त्वा युधिष्ठिर ।
नरः कृत्वाप्यकार्याणि तदा धर्मेण युज्यते ॥६॥
6. pradānāni tu vakṣyāmi yāni dattvā yudhiṣṭhira ,
naraḥ kṛtvāpyakāryāṇi tadā dharmeṇa yujyate.
6. pradānāni tu vakṣyāmi yāni dattvā yudhiṣṭhira
naraḥ kṛtvā api akāryāṇi tadā dharmeṇa yujyate
6. yudhiṣṭhira tu yāni pradānāni dattvā naraḥ
akāryāṇi api kṛtvā tadā dharmeṇa yujyate vakṣyāmi
6. O Yudhiṣṭhira, I shall now explain the charitable gifts, by offering which a person, even having committed misdeeds, becomes aligned with (natural law) (dharma).
सर्वेषामेव दानानामन्नं श्रेष्ठमुदाहृतम् ।
पूर्वमन्नं प्रदातव्यमृजुना धर्ममिच्छता ॥७॥
7. sarveṣāmeva dānānāmannaṁ śreṣṭhamudāhṛtam ,
pūrvamannaṁ pradātavyamṛjunā dharmamicchatā.
7. sarveṣām eva dānānām annam śreṣṭham udāhṛtam
pūrvam annam pradātavyam ṛjunā dharmam icchatā
7. sarveṣām dānānām eva annam śreṣṭham udāhṛtam
ṛjunā dharmam icchatā pūrvam annam pradātavyam
7. Food is declared to be the foremost among all donations. Therefore, an upright person desiring to uphold (natural law) (dharma) should offer food first.
प्राणा ह्यन्नं मनुष्याणां तस्माज्जन्तुश्च जायते ।
अन्ने प्रतिष्ठिता लोकास्तस्मादन्नं प्रकाशते ॥८॥
8. prāṇā hyannaṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ tasmājjantuśca jāyate ,
anne pratiṣṭhitā lokāstasmādannaṁ prakāśate.
8. prāṇā hi annam manuṣyāṇām tasmāt jantuḥ ca jāyate
anne pratiṣṭhitāḥ lokāḥ tasmāt annam prakāśate
8. annam hi manuṣyāṇām prāṇāḥ tasmāt ca jantuḥ jāyate
lokāḥ anne pratiṣṭhitāḥ tasmāt annam prakāśate
8. Food is indeed the very life-force of human beings; from it, all living creatures are born. The worlds are established upon food, and therefore, food is greatly glorified.
अन्नमेव प्रशंसन्ति देवर्षिपितृमानवाः ।
अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन स्वर्गमाप्नोति कौशिकः ॥९॥
9. annameva praśaṁsanti devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ ,
annasya hi pradānena svargamāpnoti kauśikaḥ.
9. annam eva praśaṃsanti devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ
annasya hi pradānena svargam āpnoti kauśikaḥ
9. devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ annam eva praśaṃsanti hi
annasya pradānena kauśikaḥ svargam āpnoti
9. Gods, sages, ancestors, and human beings indeed glorify food. For it is by the offering of food that Kauśika attains heaven.
न्यायलब्धं प्रदातव्यं द्विजेभ्यो ह्यन्नमुत्तमम् ।
स्वाध्यायसमुपेतेभ्यः प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना ॥१०॥
10. nyāyalabdhaṁ pradātavyaṁ dvijebhyo hyannamuttamam ,
svādhyāyasamupetebhyaḥ prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā.
10. nyāyalabdham pradātavyam dvijebhyaḥ hi annam uttamam
svādhyāyasamupetebhyaḥ prahr̥ṣṭena antarātmanā
10. hi uttamam annam nyāyalabdham prahr̥ṣṭena antarātmanā
svādhyāyasamupetebhyaḥ dvijebhyaḥ pradātavyam
10. Excellent food, acquired through righteous means, should certainly be given with a joyful inner self to the twice-born (dvija) who are dedicated to Vedic study.
यस्य ह्यन्नमुपाश्नन्ति ब्राह्मणानां शता दश ।
हृष्टेन मनसा दत्तं न स तिर्यग्गतिर्भवेत् ॥११॥
11. yasya hyannamupāśnanti brāhmaṇānāṁ śatā daśa ,
hṛṣṭena manasā dattaṁ na sa tiryaggatirbhavet.
11. yasya hi annam upāśnanti brāhmaṇānām śatā daśa
hr̥ṣṭena manasā dattam na saḥ tiryaggatiḥ bhavet
11. yasya hi hr̥ṣṭena manasā dattam annam daśa śatā brāhmaṇānām upāśnanti,
saḥ tiryaggatiḥ na bhavet
11. The person whose food, given with a joyful mind, is consumed by a thousand brahmins, will certainly not attain a lower birth (tiryaggati).
ब्राह्मणानां सहस्राणि दश भोज्य नरर्षभ ।
नरोऽधर्मात्प्रमुच्येत पापेष्वभिरतः सदा ॥१२॥
12. brāhmaṇānāṁ sahasrāṇi daśa bhojya nararṣabha ,
naro'dharmātpramucyeta pāpeṣvabhirataḥ sadā.
12. brāhmaṇānām sahasrāṇi daśa bhojya nararṣabha
naraḥ adharmāt pramucyeta pāpeṣu abhirataḥ sadā
12. nararṣabha daśa sahasrāṇi brāhmaṇānām bhojya
sadā pāpeṣu abhirataḥ naraḥ adharmāt pramucyeta
12. O best among men (nararṣabha), by feeding ten thousand brahmins, a man, even if he has always been engaged in sinful acts, may be liberated from unrighteousness (adharma).
भैक्षेणान्नं समाहृत्य विप्रो वेदपुरस्कृतः ।
स्वाध्यायनिरते विप्रे दत्त्वेह सुखमेधते ॥१३॥
13. bhaikṣeṇānnaṁ samāhṛtya vipro vedapuraskṛtaḥ ,
svādhyāyanirate vipre dattveha sukhamedhate.
13. bhaikṣeṇa annam samāhr̥tya vipraḥ vedapuraskr̥taḥ
svādhyāyanirate vipre dattvā iha sukham edhate
13. bhaikṣeṇa annam samāhr̥tya vedapuraskr̥taḥ vipraḥ
svādhyāyanirate vipre dattvā iha sukham edhate
13. A learned brahmin (vipra), having gathered food through alms, and who is honored by the Vedas, prospers with happiness in this world by giving (it) to a learned brahmin devoted to Vedic study (svādhyāya).
अहिंसन्ब्राह्मणं नित्यं न्यायेन परिपाल्य च ।
क्षत्रियस्तरसा प्राप्तमन्नं यो वै प्रयच्छति ॥१४॥
14. ahiṁsanbrāhmaṇaṁ nityaṁ nyāyena paripālya ca ,
kṣatriyastarasā prāptamannaṁ yo vai prayacchati.
14. ahiṃsan brāhmaṇam nityam nyāyena paripālya ca
kṣatriyaḥ tarasā prāptam annam yaḥ vai prayacchati
14. yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ nityam brāhmaṇam ahiṃsan,
nyāyena paripālya ca,
tarasā prāptam annam vai prayacchati
14. That kṣatriya who, never harming brahmins and justly protecting (the people), truly gives away the food he has obtained through his strength...
द्विजेभ्यो वेदवृद्धेभ्यः प्रयतः सुसमाहितः ।
तेनापोहति धर्मात्मा दुष्कृतं कर्म पाण्डव ॥१५॥
15. dvijebhyo vedavṛddhebhyaḥ prayataḥ susamāhitaḥ ,
tenāpohati dharmātmā duṣkṛtaṁ karma pāṇḍava.
15. dvijebhyaḥ vedavṛddhebhyaḥ prayataḥ susamāhitaḥ
tena apohati dharmātmā duṣkṛtam karma pāṇḍava
15. pāṇḍava,
dharmātmā prayataḥ susamāhitaḥ [san],
vedavṛddhebhyaḥ dvijebhyaḥ [annam] prayacchati tena duṣkṛtam karma apohanti
15. O Pāṇḍava, when such a righteous person (dharmātmā) gives (food) to brahmins (dvija) who are greatly learned in the Vedas, with a pure and well-composed mind, by that action he dispels his evil deeds (karma).
षड्भागपरिशुद्धं च कृषेर्भागमुपार्जितम् ।
वैश्यो ददद्द्विजातिभ्यः पापेभ्यः परिमुच्यते ॥१६॥
16. ṣaḍbhāgapariśuddhaṁ ca kṛṣerbhāgamupārjitam ,
vaiśyo dadaddvijātibhyaḥ pāpebhyaḥ parimucyate.
16. ṣaḍbhāgapariśuddham ca kṛṣeḥ bhāgam upārjitam
vaiśyaḥ dadat dvijātibhyaḥ pāpebhyah parimucyate
16. vaiśyaḥ,
kṛṣeḥ ṣaḍbhāgapariśuddham upārjitam bhāgam ca dvijātibhyaḥ dadat,
pāpebhyah parimucyate
16. A vaiśya, by giving to the twice-born (dvijāti) the share earned from agriculture, which has been legitimately purified by a sixth portion (paid as tax), is completely freed from sins.
अवाप्य प्राणसंदेहं कार्कश्येन समार्जितम् ।
अन्नं दत्त्वा द्विजातिभ्यः शूद्रः पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१७॥
17. avāpya prāṇasaṁdehaṁ kārkaśyena samārjitam ,
annaṁ dattvā dvijātibhyaḥ śūdraḥ pāpātpramucyate.
17. avāpya prāṇasaṃdeham kārkaśyena samārjitam annam
dattvā dvijātibhyaḥ śūdraḥ pāpāt pramucyate
17. śūdraḥ,
prāṇasaṃdeham kārkaśyena samārjitam annam avāpya,
dvijātibhyaḥ dattvā,
pāpāt pramucyate
17. When a śūdra gives to the twice-born (dvijāti) food that he has earned through great hardship, even at the risk of his life, he is completely freed from sin.
औरसेन बलेनान्नमर्जयित्वाविहिंसकः ।
यः प्रयच्छति विप्रेभ्यो न स दुर्गाणि सेवते ॥१८॥
18. aurasena balenānnamarjayitvāvihiṁsakaḥ ,
yaḥ prayacchati viprebhyo na sa durgāṇi sevate.
18. aurasena balena annam arjayitvā avihimsakaḥ
yaḥ prayacchati viprebhyaḥ na sa durgāṇi sevate
18. yaḥ aurasena balena annam arjayitvā avihimsakaḥ viprebhyaḥ prayacchati,
sa durgāṇi na sevate.
18. A person who, having acquired food through their own legitimate effort and without resorting to violence, gives it to Brahmins, does not experience misfortunes.
न्यायेनावाप्तमन्नं तु नरो लोभविवर्जितः ।
द्विजेभ्यो वेदवृद्धेभ्यो दत्त्वा पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१९॥
19. nyāyenāvāptamannaṁ tu naro lobhavivarjitaḥ ,
dvijebhyo vedavṛddhebhyo dattvā pāpātpramucyate.
19. nyāyena avāptam annam tu naraḥ lobhavivarjitaḥ
dvijebhyaḥ vedavṛddhebhyah dattvā pāpāt pramucyate
19. tu naraḥ lobhavivarjitaḥ nyāyena avāptam annam vedavṛddhebhyah dvijebhyaḥ dattvā pāpāt pramucyate.
19. A person, however, who is free from greed and has acquired food through just means, by giving it to Brahmins who are venerable in Vedic knowledge, is completely freed from sin.
अन्नमूर्जस्करं लोके दत्त्वोर्जस्वी भवेन्नरः ।
सतां पन्थानमाश्रित्य सर्वपापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥२०॥
20. annamūrjaskaraṁ loke dattvorjasvī bhavennaraḥ ,
satāṁ panthānamāśritya sarvapāpātpramucyate.
20. annam ūrjaskaram loke dattvā ūrjasvī bhavet naraḥ
satām panthānam āśritya sarvapāpāt pramucyate
20. loke ūrjaskaram annam dattvā naraḥ ūrjasvī bhavet.
satām panthānam āśritya sarvapāpāt pramucyate.
20. A person who gives food, which is a source of vigor in the world, becomes vigorous. By taking refuge in the path of the virtuous, he is completely freed from all sin.
दानकृद्भिः कृतः पन्था येन यान्ति मनीषिणः ।
ते स्म प्राणस्य दातारस्तेभ्यो धर्मः सनातनः ॥२१॥
21. dānakṛdbhiḥ kṛtaḥ panthā yena yānti manīṣiṇaḥ ,
te sma prāṇasya dātārastebhyo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
21. dānakṛdbhiḥ kṛtaḥ panthā yena yānti manīṣiṇaḥ te
sma prāṇasya dātāraḥ tebhyaḥ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
21. dānakṛdbhiḥ kṛtaḥ panthā,
yena manīṣiṇaḥ yānti.
te sma prāṇasya dātāraḥ.
tebhyaḥ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
21. The path created by generous givers is the one by which the wise proceed. They are indeed the givers of life, and for them, the intrinsic nature (dharma) is eternal.
सर्वावस्थं मनुष्येण न्यायेनान्नमुपार्जितम् ।
कार्यं पात्रगतं नित्यमन्नं हि परमा गतिः ॥२२॥
22. sarvāvasthaṁ manuṣyeṇa nyāyenānnamupārjitam ,
kāryaṁ pātragataṁ nityamannaṁ hi paramā gatiḥ.
22. sarvāvastham manuṣyeṇa nyāyena annam upārjitam
kāryam pātrgatam nityam annam hi paramā gatiḥ
22. manuṣyeṇa sarvāvastham nyāyena upārjitam annam
nityam pātrgatam kāryam hi annam paramā gatiḥ
22. Food, acquired by a person through righteous means in all circumstances, should always be given to a deserving recipient. Indeed, food is the supreme recourse.
अन्नस्य हि प्रदानेन नरो दुर्गं न सेवते ।
तस्मादन्नं प्रदातव्यमन्यायपरिवर्जितम् ॥२३॥
23. annasya hi pradānena naro durgaṁ na sevate ,
tasmādannaṁ pradātavyamanyāyaparivarjitam.
23. annasya hi pradānena naraḥ durgam na sevate
tasmāt annam pradātavyam anyāyaparivarjitam
23. hi annasya pradānena naraḥ durgam na sevate
tasmāt annam anyāyaparivarjitam pradātavyam
23. For, by the donation (dāna) of food, a person does not encounter hardship. Therefore, food should be given, free from unrighteousness.
यतेद्ब्राह्मणपूर्वं हि भोक्तुमन्नं गृही सदा ।
अवन्ध्यं दिवसं कुर्यादन्नदानेन मानवः ॥२४॥
24. yatedbrāhmaṇapūrvaṁ hi bhoktumannaṁ gṛhī sadā ,
avandhyaṁ divasaṁ kuryādannadānena mānavaḥ.
24. yatet brāhmaṇapūrvam hi bhoktum annam gṛhī sadā
avandhyam divasam kuryāt annadānena mānavaḥ
24. hi gṛhī sadā brāhmaṇapūrvam annam bhoktum yatet
mānavaḥ annadānena divasam avandhyam kuryāt
24. Indeed, a householder (gṛhī) should always endeavor to eat food only after offering it to brahmins first. A human being should make their day meaningful by the donation (dāna) of food.
भोजयित्वा दशशतं नरो वेदविदां नृप ।
न्यायविद्धर्मविदुषामितिहासविदां तथा ॥२५॥
25. bhojayitvā daśaśataṁ naro vedavidāṁ nṛpa ,
nyāyaviddharmaviduṣāmitihāsavidāṁ tathā.
25. bhojayitvā daśaśatam naraḥ vedavidām nṛpa
nyāyavit dharmaviduṣām itihāsavidām tathā
25. nṛpa,
nyāyavit naraḥ daśaśatam vedavidām dharmaviduṣām tathā itihāsavidām bhojayitvā
25. O king, a man who is a knower of justice, having fed a thousand people who are knowledgeable in the Vedas, learned in natural law (dharma), and also knowledgeable in history, (achieves a great merit).
न याति नरकं घोरं संसारांश्च न सेवते ।
सर्वकामसमायुक्तः प्रेत्य चाप्यश्नुते फलम् ॥२६॥
26. na yāti narakaṁ ghoraṁ saṁsārāṁśca na sevate ,
sarvakāmasamāyuktaḥ pretya cāpyaśnute phalam.
26. na yāti narakam ghoram saṃsārān ca na sevate
sarvakāmasamāyuktaḥ pretya ca api aśnute phalam
26. ghoram narakam na yāti ca saṃsārān na sevate
sarvakāmasamāyuktaḥ ca pretya api phalam aśnute
26. He does not go to dreadful hell, nor does he experience repeated cycles of rebirth (saṃsāra). Endowed with the fulfillment of all desires, he obtains the fruit (of his actions) even after death.
एवं सुखसमायुक्तो रमते विगतज्वरः ।
रूपवान्कीर्तिमांश्चैव धनवांश्चोपपद्यते ॥२७॥
27. evaṁ sukhasamāyukto ramate vigatajvaraḥ ,
rūpavānkīrtimāṁścaiva dhanavāṁścopapadyate.
27. evam sukhasamāyuktaḥ ramate vigatajvaraḥ
rūpavān kīrtimān ca eva dhanavān ca upapadyate
27. evam sukhasamāyuktaḥ vigatajvaraḥ ramate ca
eva rūpavān kīrtimān ca dhanavān upapadyate
27. Thus, endowed with happiness, he delights, free from sorrow. Furthermore, he becomes possessed of beauty, fame, and wealth.
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातमन्नदानफलं महत् ।
मूलमेतद्धि धर्माणां प्रदानस्य च भारत ॥२८॥
28. etatte sarvamākhyātamannadānaphalaṁ mahat ,
mūlametaddhi dharmāṇāṁ pradānasya ca bhārata.
28. etat te sarvam ākhyātam annadānaphalam mahat
mūlam etat hi dharmāṇām pradānasya ca bhārata
28. he bhārata etat mahat annadānaphalam sarvam te
ākhyātam hi etat dharmāṇām ca pradānasya mūlam
28. All this great fruit of giving food has been explained to you. Indeed, this (giving of food) is the root of righteous conduct (dharma) and of all acts of generosity, O Bhārata.