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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-53

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शकुनिरुवाच ।
उपस्तीर्णा सभा राजन्रन्तुं चैते कृतक्षणाः ।
अक्षानुप्त्वा देवनस्य समयोऽस्तु युधिष्ठिर ॥१॥
1. śakuniruvāca ,
upastīrṇā sabhā rājanrantuṁ caite kṛtakṣaṇāḥ ,
akṣānuptvā devanasya samayo'stu yudhiṣṭhira.
1. śakuniḥ uvāca upastīrṇā sabhā rājan rantum ca ete
kṛtakṣaṇāḥ akṣān uptvā devanasya samayaḥ astu yudhiṣṭhira
1. Shakuni said, "O King, the assembly hall is prepared, and these people are ready to play. Having cast the dice, let the time for gambling begin, O Yudhishthira!"
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
निकृतिर्देवनं पापं न क्षात्रोऽत्र पराक्रमः ।
न च नीतिर्ध्रुवा राजन्किं त्वं द्यूतं प्रशंससि ॥२॥
2. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
nikṛtirdevanaṁ pāpaṁ na kṣātro'tra parākramaḥ ,
na ca nītirdhruvā rājankiṁ tvaṁ dyūtaṁ praśaṁsasi.
2. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | nikṛtiḥ
devanam pāpam na kṣātraḥ atra
parākramaḥ | na ca nītiḥ dhruvā
rājan kim tvam dyūtam praśaṃsasi
2. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Deception, gambling, and sin are not a warrior's valor (kṣātra) here, nor is it a constant policy (nīti), O King. Why do you praise gambling?"
न हि मानं प्रशंसन्ति निकृतौ कितवस्य ह ।
शकुने मैव नो जैषीरमार्गेण नृशंसवत् ॥३॥
3. na hi mānaṁ praśaṁsanti nikṛtau kitavasya ha ,
śakune maiva no jaiṣīramārgeṇa nṛśaṁsavat.
3. na hi mānam praśaṃsanti nikṛtau kitavasya ha
| śakune mā eva naḥ jaiṣīḥ amārgeṇa nṛśaṃsavat
3. Indeed, they do not praise honor (māna) in the deception practiced by a gambler. O Śakuni, do not ever defeat us by unfair means, like a cruel person!
शकुनिरुवाच ।
योऽन्वेति संख्यां निकृतौ विधिज्ञश्चेष्टास्वखिन्नः कितवोऽक्षजासु ।
महामतिर्यश्च जानाति द्यूतं स वै सर्वं सहते प्रक्रियासु ॥४॥
4. śakuniruvāca ,
yo'nveti saṁkhyāṁ nikṛtau vidhijña;śceṣṭāsvakhinnaḥ kitavo'kṣajāsu ,
mahāmatiryaśca jānāti dyūtaṁ; sa vai sarvaṁ sahate prakriyāsu.
4. śakuniḥ uvāca | yaḥ anveti saṃkhyām
nikṛtau vidhijñaḥ ceṣṭāsu akhinnaḥ kitavaḥ
akṣajāsu | mahāmatiḥ yaḥ ca jānāti
dyūtam sa vai sarvam sahate prakriyāsu
4. Śakuni said: "That gambler (kitava) who follows calculation in deception (nikṛti), is skilled in method (vidhijña), untiring in his maneuvers with dice (akṣajāsū ceṣṭāsu), and is of great intellect (mahāmati), he indeed endures everything in the processes (of gambling)."
अक्षग्लहः सोऽभिभवेत्परं नस्तेनैव कालो भवतीदमात्थ ।
दीव्यामहे पार्थिव मा विशङ्कां कुरुष्व पाणं च चिरं च मा कृथाः ॥५॥
5. akṣaglahaḥ so'bhibhavetparaṁ na;stenaiva kālo bhavatīdamāttha ,
dīvyāmahe pārthiva mā viśaṅkāṁ; kuruṣva pāṇaṁ ca ciraṁ ca mā kṛthāḥ.
5. akṣaglahaḥ saḥ abhibhavet param naḥ
tena eva kālaḥ bhavati idam āttha
| divyāmahe pārthiva mā viśaṅkām
kuruṣva pāṇam ca ciram ca mā kṛthāḥ
5. That dice-gambler (akṣaglaha) will surely overpower us; thus, time has come (for action), as you have said. O King (pārthiva), let us play! Do not have any apprehension, and do not delay the stakes (pāṇa).
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
एवमाहायमसितो देवलो मुनिसत्तमः ।
इमानि लोकद्वाराणि यो वै संचरते सदा ॥६॥
6. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
evamāhāyamasito devalo munisattamaḥ ,
imāni lokadvārāṇi yo vai saṁcarate sadā.
6. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca evam āha ayam asitaḥ devalaḥ
munisattamaḥ imāni lokadvārāṇi yaḥ vai saṃcarate sadā
6. Yudhishthira said: "Asita Devala, the foremost among sages, spoke thus concerning these gates to the various realms, through which one indeed always passes."
इदं वै देवनं पापं मायया कितवैः सह ।
धर्मेण तु जयो युद्धे तत्परं साधु देवनम् ॥७॥
7. idaṁ vai devanaṁ pāpaṁ māyayā kitavaiḥ saha ,
dharmeṇa tu jayo yuddhe tatparaṁ sādhu devanam.
7. idam vai devanam pāpam māyayā kitavaiḥ saha
dharmeṇa tu jayaḥ yuddhe tatparam sādhu devanam
7. This gambling, with its deception (māyā) and association with cheats, is indeed sinful. However, victory in battle achieved through adherence to natural law (dharma) is truly superior; that is a righteous contest.
नार्या म्लेच्छन्ति भाषाभिर्मायया न चरन्त्युत ।
अजिह्ममशठं युद्धमेतत्सत्पुरुषव्रतम् ॥८॥
8. nāryā mlecchanti bhāṣābhirmāyayā na carantyuta ,
ajihmamaśaṭhaṁ yuddhametatsatpuruṣavratam.
8. nāryā mlecchanti bhāṣābhiḥ māyayā na caranti
uta ajihmam aśaṭham yuddham etat satpuruṣavratam
8. One should not speak in barbarian tongues through women, nor should one act with deception (māyā). This battle, free from crookedness and deceit, is indeed the vow of a noble person.
शक्तितो ब्राह्मणान्वन्द्याञ्शिक्षितुं प्रयतामहे ।
तद्वै वित्तं मातिदेवीर्मा जैषीः शकुने परम् ॥९॥
9. śaktito brāhmaṇānvandyāñśikṣituṁ prayatāmahe ,
tadvai vittaṁ mātidevīrmā jaiṣīḥ śakune param.
9. śaktitaḥ brāhmaṇān vandyān śikṣitum prayatāmahe
tat vai vittam mātidevīḥ mā jaiṣīḥ śakune param
9. We strive, to the best of our ability, to be instructed by venerable Brahmins. That, indeed, is true wealth. You must not, through Shakuni, attempt to win any more precious stakes (mātidevīḥ).
नाहं निकृत्या कामये सुखान्युत धनानि वा ।
कितवस्याप्यनिकृतेर्वृत्तमेतन्न पूज्यते ॥१०॥
10. nāhaṁ nikṛtyā kāmaye sukhānyuta dhanāni vā ,
kitavasyāpyanikṛtervṛttametanna pūjyate.
10. na aham nikṛtyā kāmaye sukhāni uta dhanāni vā
kitavasya api anikṛteḥ vṛttam etat na pūjyate
10. I do not desire pleasures or wealth through deceit. For even the non-deceitful conduct of a gambler is not praised.
शकुनिरुवाच ।
श्रोत्रियोऽश्रोत्रियमुत निकृत्यैव युधिष्ठिर ।
विद्वानविदुषोऽभ्येति नाहुस्तां निकृतिं जनाः ॥११॥
11. śakuniruvāca ,
śrotriyo'śrotriyamuta nikṛtyaiva yudhiṣṭhira ,
vidvānaviduṣo'bhyeti nāhustāṁ nikṛtiṁ janāḥ.
11. śakuniḥ uvāca śrotriyaḥ aśrotriyam uta nikṛtyā eva
yudhiṣṭhira vidvān aviduṣaḥ abhyeti na āhuḥ tām nikṛtim janāḥ
11. Śakuni said, 'O Yudhiṣṭhira, a learned Vedic scholar (śrotriya) surely overcomes a non-Vedic scholar (aśrotriya) by deceit. People do not call that deceit when a wise person (vidvān) triumphs over an ignorant one (aviduṣaḥ).'
एवं त्वं मामिहाभ्येत्य निकृतिं यदि मन्यसे ।
देवनाद्विनिवर्तस्व यदि ते विद्यते भयम् ॥१२॥
12. evaṁ tvaṁ māmihābhyetya nikṛtiṁ yadi manyase ,
devanādvinivartasva yadi te vidyate bhayam.
12. evam tvam mām iha abhyetya nikṛtim yadi manyase
devanāt vinivartasva yadi te vidyate bhayam
12. If you, having approached me here, consider this to be deceit, then desist from gambling if you have any fear.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
आहूतो न निवर्तेयमिति मे व्रतमाहितम् ।
विधिश्च बलवान्राजन्दिष्टस्यास्मि वशे स्थितः ॥१३॥
13. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
āhūto na nivarteyamiti me vratamāhitam ,
vidhiśca balavānrājandiṣṭasyāsmi vaśe sthitaḥ.
13. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca āhūtaḥ na nivarteyam iti me vratam
āhitam vidhiḥ ca balavān rājan diṣṭasya asmi vaśe sthitaḥ
13. Yudhiṣṭhira said, 'I have taken this vow: "I will not turn back when summoned." And destiny (vidhi) is powerful, O King; I remain under the control of fate (diṣṭa).'
अस्मिन्समागमे केन देवनं मे भविष्यति ।
प्रतिपाणश्च कोऽन्योऽस्ति ततो द्यूतं प्रवर्तताम् ॥१४॥
14. asminsamāgame kena devanaṁ me bhaviṣyati ,
pratipāṇaśca ko'nyo'sti tato dyūtaṁ pravartatām.
14. asmin samāgame kena devanam me bhaviṣyati pratipāṇaḥ
ca kaḥ anyaḥ asti tataḥ dyūtam pravartatām
14. In this gathering, by whom will my gambling be conducted? And who else will be my opponent? Therefore, let the game of dice (dyūta) commence.
दुर्योधन उवाच ।
अहं दातास्मि रत्नानां धनानां च विशां पते ।
मदर्थे देविता चायं शकुनिर्मातुलो मम ॥१५॥
15. duryodhana uvāca ,
ahaṁ dātāsmi ratnānāṁ dhanānāṁ ca viśāṁ pate ,
madarthe devitā cāyaṁ śakunirmātulo mama.
15. duryodhana uvāca aham dātā asmi ratnānām dhanānām ca
viśām pate madarthe devitā ca ayam śakuniḥ mātulaḥ mama
15. Duryodhana said: 'O Lord of the people (viśāṃ pate), I am the giver of jewels and wealth. For my sake, this Śakuni, my maternal uncle (mātula), shall play the game.'
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अन्येनान्यस्य विषमं देवनं प्रतिभाति मे ।
एतद्विद्वन्नुपादत्स्व काममेवं प्रवर्तताम् ॥१६॥
16. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
anyenānyasya viṣamaṁ devanaṁ pratibhāti me ,
etadvidvannupādatsva kāmamevaṁ pravartatām.
16. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca anyena anyasya viṣamam devanam
pratibhāti me etat vidvan upādatsva kāmam evam pravartatām
16. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'It seems improper (viṣamam) to me for one person to play the game of dice (devanam) on behalf of another. Knowing this, accept it as you wish; let it proceed thus.'
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
उपोह्यमाने द्यूते तु राजानः सर्व एव ते ।
धृतराष्ट्रं पुरस्कृत्य विविशुस्तां सभां ततः ॥१७॥
17. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
upohyamāne dyūte tu rājānaḥ sarva eva te ,
dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ puraskṛtya viviśustāṁ sabhāṁ tataḥ.
17. vaiśampāyana uvāca upohyamāne dyūte tu rājānaḥ sarve
eva te dhṛtarāṣṭram puraskṛtya viviśuḥ tām sabhām tataḥ
17. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: 'As the game of dice (dyūta) was being prepared, all those kings, led by Dhṛtarāṣṭra, then entered that assembly hall.'
भीष्मो द्रोणः कृपश्चैव विदुरश्च महामतिः ।
नातीवप्रीतमनसस्तेऽन्ववर्तन्त भारत ॥१८॥
18. bhīṣmo droṇaḥ kṛpaścaiva viduraśca mahāmatiḥ ,
nātīvaprītamanasaste'nvavartanta bhārata.
18. bhīṣmaḥ droṇaḥ kṛpaḥ ca eva viduraḥ ca mahāmatiḥ
na atīva prītamanasaḥ te anvavartanta bhārata
18. Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and also Vidura, the greatly intelligent one, were not very pleased in their hearts; they followed along, O descendant of Bharata.
ते द्वंद्वशः पृथक्चैव सिंहग्रीवा महौजसः ।
सिंहासनानि भूरीणि विचित्राणि च भेजिरे ॥१९॥
19. te dvaṁdvaśaḥ pṛthakcaiva siṁhagrīvā mahaujasaḥ ,
siṁhāsanāni bhūrīṇi vicitrāṇi ca bhejire.
19. te dvandvaśaḥ pṛthak ca eva siṃhagrīvāḥ mahāojasaḥ
siṃhāsanāni bhūrīṇi vicitrāṇi ca bhejire
19. Those mighty ones, with necks like lions, sat on numerous and varied thrones, both in pairs and separately.
शुशुभे सा सभा राजन्राजभिस्तैः समागतैः ।
देवैरिव महाभागैः समवेतैस्त्रिविष्टपम् ॥२०॥
20. śuśubhe sā sabhā rājanrājabhistaiḥ samāgataiḥ ,
devairiva mahābhāgaiḥ samavetaistriviṣṭapam.
20. śuśubhe sā sabhā rājan rājabhiḥ taiḥ samāgataiḥ
devaiḥ iva mahābhāgaiḥ samavetaiḥ triviṣṭapam
20. That assembly, O King, shone like heaven (triviṣṭapa) graced by gods (deva) of great fortune who had gathered together.
सर्वे वेदविदः शूराः सर्वे भास्वरमूर्तयः ।
प्रावर्तत महाराज सुहृद्द्यूतमनन्तरम् ॥२१॥
21. sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ ,
prāvartata mahārāja suhṛddyūtamanantaram.
21. sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ
prāvartata mahārāja suhṛd dyūtam anantaram
21. All were knowers of the Vedas, all were brave, all possessed shining forms. Then, O Great King, the game of dice with friends began.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अयं बहुधनो राजन्सागरावर्तसंभवः ।
मणिर्हारोत्तरः श्रीमान्कनकोत्तमभूषणः ॥२२॥
22. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ayaṁ bahudhano rājansāgarāvartasaṁbhavaḥ ,
maṇirhārottaraḥ śrīmānkanakottamabhūṣaṇaḥ.
22. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ayam bahudhanaḥ rājan sāgarāvartasaṃbhavaḥ
maṇiḥ hārottaraḥ śrīmān kanakottamabhūṣaṇaḥ
22. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O King, this gem (maṇi) is immensely valuable, originating from the ocean's whirlpools. It is splendid, adorned with a prominent necklace, and embellished with the finest gold.'
एतद्राजन्धनं मह्यं प्रतिपाणस्तु कस्तव ।
भवत्वेष क्रमस्तात जयाम्येनं दुरोदरम् ॥२३॥
23. etadrājandhanaṁ mahyaṁ pratipāṇastu kastava ,
bhavatveṣa kramastāta jayāmyenaṁ durodaram.
23. etat rājan dhanam mahyam pratipāṇaḥ tu kaḥ tava
bhavatu eṣaḥ kramaḥ tāta jayāmi enam durodaram
23. O King, this wealth is mine. But what is your counter-bet? Let this be the procedure, dear one; I shall conquer this gambling (durodaram).
दुर्योधन उवाच ।
सन्ति मे मणयश्चैव धनानि विविधानि च ।
मत्सरश्च न मेऽर्थेषु जयाम्येनं दुरोदरम् ॥२४॥
24. duryodhana uvāca ,
santi me maṇayaścaiva dhanāni vividhāni ca ,
matsaraśca na me'rtheṣu jayāmyenaṁ durodaram.
24. duryodhana uvāca santi me maṇayaḥ ca eva dhanāni vividhāni
ca matsaraḥ ca na me artheṣu jayāmi enam durodaram
24. Duryodhana said: 'I possess many gems and various kinds of wealth, and I have no possessiveness (matsara) towards my riches. I shall conquer this gambling (durodaram).'
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो जग्राह शकुनिस्तानक्षानक्षतत्त्ववित् ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२५॥
25. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato jagrāha śakunistānakṣānakṣatattvavit ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.
25. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ jagrāha śakuniḥ tān akṣān
akṣatatvavit jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata
25. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: 'Then Śakuni, an expert in the game of dice (akṣatatvavit), took those dice. Śakuni then spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira, saying, "It is indeed won!"'