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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-262

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कपिल उवाच ।
वेदाः प्रमाणं लोकानां न वेदाः पृष्ठतःकृताः ।
द्वे ब्रह्मणी वेदितव्ये शब्दब्रह्म परं च यत् ।
शब्दब्रह्मणि निष्णातः परं ब्रह्माधिगच्छति ॥१॥
1. kapila uvāca ,
vedāḥ pramāṇaṁ lokānāṁ na vedāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥkṛtāḥ ,
dve brahmaṇī veditavye śabdabrahma paraṁ ca yat ,
śabdabrahmaṇi niṣṇātaḥ paraṁ brahmādhigacchati.
1. kapilaḥ uvāca | vedāḥ pramāṇam lokānām na
vedāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtāḥ | dve brahmaṇī
veditavye śabdabrahma param ca yat | śabdabrahmaṇi
niṣṇātaḥ param brahma adhigacchati
1. kapilaḥ uvāca vedāḥ lokānām pramāṇam,
vedāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtāḥ na dve brahmaṇī veditavye – śabdabrahma ca yat param śabdabrahmaṇi niṣṇātaḥ param brahma adhigacchati.
1. Kapila said: The Vedas are the authority for people, and the Vedas should not be disregarded. Two aspects of the ultimate reality (brahman) are to be known: the sound-brahman (śabdabrahman) and that which is the supreme (para) brahman. One who is proficient in the sound-brahman attains the supreme (para) brahman.
शरीरमेतत्कुरुते यद्वेदे कुरुते तनुम् ।
कृतशुद्धशरीरो हि पात्रं भवति ब्राह्मणः ॥२॥
2. śarīrametatkurute yadvede kurute tanum ,
kṛtaśuddhaśarīro hi pātraṁ bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ.
2. śarīram etat kurute yat vede kurute tanum |
kṛtaśuddhaśarīraḥ hi pātram bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ
2. etat śarīram yat vede tanum kurute,
(tat) kurute kṛtaśuddhaśarīraḥ brāhmaṇaḥ hi pātram bhavati.
2. This body (śarīra) performs actions according to what the Veda prescribes for the physical form (tanu). Indeed, a Brahmin who has a purified body becomes a worthy recipient.
आनन्त्यमनुयुङ्क्ते यः कर्मणा तद्ब्रवीमि ते ।
निरागममनैतिह्यं प्रत्यक्षं लोकसाक्षिकम् ॥३॥
3. ānantyamanuyuṅkte yaḥ karmaṇā tadbravīmi te ,
nirāgamamanaitihyaṁ pratyakṣaṁ lokasākṣikam.
3. ānantyam anuyuṅkte yaḥ karmaṇā tat bravīmi te
| nirāgamam anaitihyam pratyakṣam lokasākṣikam
3. yaḥ karmaṇā ānantyam anuyuṅkte,
tat te bravīmi (tat) nirāgamam,
anaitihyam,
pratyakṣam,
lokasākṣikam (asti).
3. I declare to you that he who through actions (karma) attains endlessness (ānantya) – that (endlessness) is devoid of scripture, devoid of tradition, directly perceived, and attested by the world.
धर्म इत्येव ये यज्ञान्वितन्वन्ति निराशिषः ।
उत्पन्नत्यागिनोऽलुब्धाः कृपासूयाविवर्जिताः ।
धनानामेष वै पन्थास्तीर्थेषु प्रतिपादनम् ॥४॥
4. dharma ityeva ye yajñānvitanvanti nirāśiṣaḥ ,
utpannatyāgino'lubdhāḥ kṛpāsūyāvivarjitāḥ ,
dhanānāmeṣa vai panthāstīrtheṣu pratipādanam.
4. dharmaḥ iti eva ye yajñān vitanvanti
nirāśiṣaḥ | utpannatyāginaḥ alubdhāḥ
kṛpāsūyāvivarjitāḥ | dhanānām
eṣa vai panthāḥ tīrtheṣu pratipādanam
4. ye nirāśiṣaḥ,
utpannatyāginaḥ,
alubdhāḥ,
kṛpāsūyāvivarjitāḥ (ca santo) yajñān dharmaḥ iti eva vitanvanti,
(teṣām) eṣaḥ vai dhanānām panthāḥ tīrtheṣu pratipādanam (asti).
4. Those who perform Vedic rituals (yajña) simply as a matter of natural law (dharma), without desires, abandoning their produce, ungreedy, and free from (excessive) compassion and envy – this indeed is the path of wealth (dhana), through offerings in sacred places (tīrtha).
अनाश्रिताः पापकृत्याः कदाचित्कर्मयोनितः ।
मनःसंकल्पसंसिद्धा विशुद्धज्ञाननिश्चयाः ॥५॥
5. anāśritāḥ pāpakṛtyāḥ kadācitkarmayonitaḥ ,
manaḥsaṁkalpasaṁsiddhā viśuddhajñānaniścayāḥ.
5. anāśritāḥ pāpakṛtyāḥ kadācit karma-yonitaḥ
manaḥsaṅkalpasaṃsiddhāḥ viśuddhajñānaniścayāḥ
5. anāśritāḥ pāpakṛtyāḥ kadācit karma-yonitaḥ
manaḥsaṅkalpasaṃsiddhāḥ viśuddhajñānaniścayāḥ
5. They never engage in sinful acts, which stem from (unwholesome) past actions (karma). They attain perfection through their mental resolve and possess a pure certainty of knowledge.
अक्रुध्यन्तोऽनसूयन्तो निरहंकारमत्सराः ।
ज्ञाननिष्ठास्त्रिशुक्लाश्च सर्वभूतहिते रताः ॥६॥
6. akrudhyanto'nasūyanto nirahaṁkāramatsarāḥ ,
jñānaniṣṭhāstriśuklāśca sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ.
6. akrudhyantaḥ anasūyantaḥ nirahaṅkāra-matsarāḥ
jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ triśuklāḥ ca sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ
6. akrudhyantaḥ anasūyantaḥ nirahaṅkāra-matsarāḥ
jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ triśuklāḥ ca sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ
6. They are free from anger, devoid of envy, without ego (ahaṅkāra) or jealousy. They are dedicated to knowledge, pure in three ways, and intent on the welfare of all beings.
आसन्गृहस्था भूयिष्ठमव्युत्क्रान्ताः स्वकर्मसु ।
राजानश्च तथा युक्ता ब्राह्मणाश्च यथाविधि ॥७॥
7. āsangṛhasthā bhūyiṣṭhamavyutkrāntāḥ svakarmasu ,
rājānaśca tathā yuktā brāhmaṇāśca yathāvidhi.
7. āsan gṛhasthāḥ bhūyiṣṭham avyutkrāntāḥ sva-karmasu
rājānaḥ ca tathā yuktāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ ca yathāvidhi
7. āsan gṛhasthāḥ bhūyiṣṭham avyutkrāntāḥ sva-karmasu
rājānaḥ ca tathā yuktāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ ca yathāvidhi
7. For the most part, householders remained steadfast in their own duties (karma). Kings were likewise engaged, and brāhmaṇas also (performed their duties) according to the prescribed method.
समा ह्यार्जवसंपन्नाः संतुष्टा ज्ञाननिश्चयाः ।
प्रत्यक्षधर्माः शुचयः श्रद्दधानाः परावरे ॥८॥
8. samā hyārjavasaṁpannāḥ saṁtuṣṭā jñānaniścayāḥ ,
pratyakṣadharmāḥ śucayaḥ śraddadhānāḥ parāvare.
8. samāḥ hi ārjava-sampannāḥ santuṣṭāḥ jñāna-niścayāḥ
pratyakṣa-dharmāḥ śucayaḥ śraddadhānāḥ parāvare
8. samāḥ hi ārjava-sampannāḥ santuṣṭāḥ jñāna-niścayāḥ
pratyakṣa-dharmāḥ śucayaḥ śraddadhānāḥ parāvare
8. They were balanced, endowed with straightforwardness, contented, and possessed of a firm certainty of knowledge. They directly perceived the natural law (dharma), were pure, and had unwavering faith (śraddhā) in both higher and lower truths.
पुरस्ताद्भावितात्मानो यथावच्चरितव्रताः ।
चरन्ति धर्मं कृच्छ्रेऽपि दुर्गे चैवाधिसंहताः ॥९॥
9. purastādbhāvitātmāno yathāvaccaritavratāḥ ,
caranti dharmaṁ kṛcchre'pi durge caivādhisaṁhatāḥ.
9. purastāt bhāvitātmānaḥ yathāvat caritavratāḥ caranti
dharmam kṛcchre api durge ca eva adhisaṃhatāḥ
9. purastāt bhāvitātmānaḥ yathāvat caritavratāḥ ca
kṛcchre api durge eva adhisaṃhatāḥ dharmam caranti
9. Those whose inner selves (ātman) have been disciplined beforehand and who have duly observed their vows, steadfastly practice their natural law (dharma) even in difficulty and adversity, being united.
संहत्य धर्मं चरतां पुरासीत्सुखमेव तत् ।
तेषां नासीद्विधातव्यं प्रायश्चित्तं कदाचन ॥१०॥
10. saṁhatya dharmaṁ caratāṁ purāsītsukhameva tat ,
teṣāṁ nāsīdvidhātavyaṁ prāyaścittaṁ kadācana.
10. saṃhatya dharmam caratām purā āsīt sukham eva tat
teṣām na āsīt vidhātavyam prāyaścittam kadācana
10. purā saṃhatya dharmam caratām tat sukham eva āsīt
teṣām kadācana prāyaścittam vidhātavyam na āsīt
10. For those who united to practice their natural law (dharma), that was indeed happiness in the past. For them, there was never any expiation (prāyaścitta) to be performed.
सत्यं हि धर्ममास्थाय दुराधर्षतमा मताः ।
न मात्रामनुरुध्यन्ते न धर्मच्छलमन्ततः ॥११॥
11. satyaṁ hi dharmamāsthāya durādharṣatamā matāḥ ,
na mātrāmanurudhyante na dharmacchalamantataḥ.
11. satyam hi dharmam āsthāya durādharṣatamāḥ matāḥ
na mātrām anurudhyante na dharmacchalam antataḥ
11. satyam hi dharmam āsthāya durādharṣatamāḥ matāḥ
mātrām na anurudhyante antataḥ dharmacchalam na
11. Indeed, having taken recourse in the natural law (dharma) of truth, they are considered most invincible. They do not follow mere externals, nor, ultimately, any pretense of natural law (dharma).
य एव प्रथमः कल्पस्तमेवाभ्याचरन्सह ।
अस्यां स्थितौ स्थितानां हि प्रायश्चित्तं न विद्यते ।
दुर्बलात्मन उत्पन्नं प्रायश्चित्तमिति श्रुतिः ॥१२॥
12. ya eva prathamaḥ kalpastamevābhyācaransaha ,
asyāṁ sthitau sthitānāṁ hi prāyaścittaṁ na vidyate ,
durbalātmana utpannaṁ prāyaścittamiti śrutiḥ.
12. yaḥ eva prathamaḥ kalpaḥ tam eva
abhyācaran saha asyām sthitau sthitānām
hi prāyaścittam na vidyate durbalātmanaḥ
utpannam prāyaścittam iti śrutiḥ
12. yaḥ eva prathamaḥ kalpaḥ tam eva saha
abhyācaran asyām sthitau sthitānām
hi prāyaścittam na vidyate prāyaścittam
durbalātmanaḥ utpannam iti śrutiḥ
12. They indeed followed together that which is the primary ideal (kalpa). For those established in this state, no expiation (prāyaścitta) exists. It is the sacred text (śruti) that declares: "Expiation arises from a weak inner self (ātman)."
यत एवंविधा विप्राः पुराणा यज्ञवाहनाः ।
त्रैविद्यवृद्धाः शुचयो वृत्तवन्तो यशस्विनः ।
यजन्तोऽहरहर्यज्ञैर्निराशीर्बन्धना बुधाः ॥१३॥
13. yata evaṁvidhā viprāḥ purāṇā yajñavāhanāḥ ,
traividyavṛddhāḥ śucayo vṛttavanto yaśasvinaḥ ,
yajanto'haraharyajñairnirāśīrbandhanā budhāḥ.
13. yata evamvidhāḥ viprāḥ purāṇāḥ
yajñavāhanāḥ traividyavṛddhāḥ śucayaḥ
vṛttavantaḥ yaśasvinaḥ yajantaḥ aharahaḥ
yajñaiḥ nirāśīrbandhanāḥ budhāḥ
13. yata evamvidhāḥ purāṇāḥ yajñavāhanāḥ
traividyavṛddhāḥ śucayaḥ vṛttavantaḥ
yaśasvinaḥ budhāḥ viprāḥ aharahaḥ
yajñaiḥ nirāśīrbandhanāḥ yajantaḥ
13. Because such wise Brahmins (viprāḥ), traditional and upholders of Vedic rituals (yajña), mature in the knowledge of the three Vedas, pure, virtuous, and famous, continually performed Vedic rituals (yajña) day after day, free from the bonds of desire (nirāśīrbandhanāḥ), being truly discerning...
तेषां यज्ञाश्च वेदाश्च कर्माणि च यथागमम् ।
आगमाश्च यथाकालं संकल्पाश्च यथाव्रतम् ॥१४॥
14. teṣāṁ yajñāśca vedāśca karmāṇi ca yathāgamam ,
āgamāśca yathākālaṁ saṁkalpāśca yathāvratam.
14. teṣām yajñāḥ ca vedāḥ ca karmāṇi ca yathāgamam
āgamāḥ ca yathākālam saṃkalpāḥ ca yathāvratam
14. teṣām yajñāḥ ca vedāḥ ca karmāṇi ca yathāgamam
āgamāḥ ca yathākālam saṃkalpāḥ ca yathāvratam
14. Their Vedic rituals (yajña), their Vedic scriptures, and their actions (karma) were all in accordance with traditional teachings; and their sacred texts were suitable for the given time, and their intentions were aligned with their vows.
अपेतकामक्रोधानां प्रकृत्या संशितात्मनाम् ।
ऋजूनां शमनित्यानां स्थितानां स्वेषु कर्मसु ।
सर्वमानन्त्यमेवासीदिति नः शाश्वती श्रुतिः ॥१५॥
15. apetakāmakrodhānāṁ prakṛtyā saṁśitātmanām ,
ṛjūnāṁ śamanityānāṁ sthitānāṁ sveṣu karmasu ,
sarvamānantyamevāsīditi naḥ śāśvatī śrutiḥ.
15. apetakāmakrodhānām prakṛtyā
saṃśitātmanām ṛjūnām śamanityānām
sthitānām sveṣu karmasu sarvam ānantyam
eva āsīt iti naḥ śāśvatī śrutiḥ
15. apetakāmakrodhānām prakṛtyā
saṃśitātmanām ṛjūnām śamanityānām sveṣu
karmasu sthitānām teṣām sarvam
ānantyam eva āsīt iti naḥ śāśvatī śrutiḥ
15. For those whose desire and anger had vanished, whose minds (ātman) were naturally disciplined, who were upright, perpetually serene, and steadfast in their own actions (karma) – for them, everything indeed became eternal and boundless. This is our perpetual sacred tradition (śruti).
तेषामदीनसत्त्वानां दुश्चराचारकर्मणाम् ।
स्वकर्मभिः संवृतानां तपो घोरत्वमागतम् ॥१६॥
16. teṣāmadīnasattvānāṁ duścarācārakarmaṇām ,
svakarmabhiḥ saṁvṛtānāṁ tapo ghoratvamāgatam.
16. teṣām adīnasattvānām duścarācārakarmaṇām
svakarmabhiḥ saṃvṛtānām tapaḥ ghoratvam āgatam
16. teṣām adīnasattvānām duścarācārakarmaṇām
svakarmabhiḥ saṃvṛtānām tapaḥ ghoratvam āgatam
16. For them, who possessed an undaunted spirit (sattva), whose conduct and actions (karma) were extremely difficult to practice, and who were thoroughly engaged in their own duties (karma), their spiritual austerity (tapas) attained a formidable intensity.
तं सदाचारमाश्चर्यं पुराणं शाश्वतं ध्रुवम् ।
अशक्नुवद्भिश्चरितुं किंचिद्धर्मेषु सूचितम् ॥१७॥
17. taṁ sadācāramāścaryaṁ purāṇaṁ śāśvataṁ dhruvam ,
aśaknuvadbhiścarituṁ kiṁciddharmeṣu sūcitam.
17. tam sadācāram āścaryam purāṇam śāśvatam dhruvam
aśaknuvadbhiḥ caritum kiñcit dharmeṣu sūcitam
17. tam sadācāram āścaryam purāṇam śāśvatam dhruvam,
aśaknuvadbhiḥ caritum (aśakyate),
kiñcit dharmeṣu sūcitam
17. That wondrous, ancient, eternal, and unwavering virtuous conduct (sadācāra) - a part of it is prescribed in the (various) natural laws (dharma) for those who are unable to fully practice it.
निरापद्धर्म आचारस्त्वप्रमादोऽपराभवः ।
सर्ववर्णेषु यत्तेषु नासीत्कश्चिद्व्यतिक्रमः ॥१८॥
18. nirāpaddharma ācārastvapramādo'parābhavaḥ ,
sarvavarṇeṣu yatteṣu nāsītkaścidvyatikramaḥ.
18. nirāpaddharmaḥ ācāraḥ tu apramādaḥ aparābhavaḥ
sarvavarṇeṣu yatteṣu na āsīt kaścit vyatikramaḥ
18. nirāpaddharmaḥ ācāraḥ tu apramādaḥ aparābhavaḥ;
yatteṣu sarvavarṇeṣu kaścit vyatikramaḥ na āsīt
18. Indeed, proper conduct (ācāra) in ordinary times (nirāpaddharma) is vigilance (apramāda) and leads to the absence of misfortune (aparābhava). Among all the diligent social classes (varṇa), there was no transgression (vyatikrama).
धर्ममेकं चतुष्पादमाश्रितास्ते नरर्षभाः ।
तं सन्तो विधिवत्प्राप्य गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम् ॥१९॥
19. dharmamekaṁ catuṣpādamāśritāste nararṣabhāḥ ,
taṁ santo vidhivatprāpya gacchanti paramāṁ gatim.
19. dharmam ekam catuṣpādam āśritāḥ te nararṣabhāḥ
tam santaḥ vidhivat prāpya gacchanti paramām gatim
19. te nararṣabhāḥ ekam catuṣpādam dharmam āśritāḥ; santaḥ
tam (dharmam) vidhivat prāpya paramām gatim gacchanti
19. Those excellent men (nararṣabha) upheld the singular, complete natural law (dharma). Having attained that (dharma) in a disciplined manner, the virtuous ones (santa) achieve the supreme state (gati).
गृहेभ्य एव निष्क्रम्य वनमन्ये समाश्रिताः ।
गृहमेवाभिसंश्रित्य ततोऽन्ये ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥२०॥
20. gṛhebhya eva niṣkramya vanamanye samāśritāḥ ,
gṛhamevābhisaṁśritya tato'nye brahmacāriṇaḥ.
20. gṛhebhyah eva niṣkramya vanam anye samāśritāḥ
gṛham eva abhisaṃśritya tataḥ anye brahmacāriṇaḥ
20. anye gṛhebhyah eva niṣkramya vanam samāśritāḥ; tataḥ
anye gṛham eva abhisaṃśritya brahmacāriṇaḥ (āsan)
20. Some, indeed, having departed from their homes, resorted to the forest. Then others, having taken refuge solely in the home, were celibate students (brahmacārins).
धर्ममेतं चतुष्पादमाश्रमं ब्राह्मणा विदुः ।
आनन्त्यं ब्रह्मणः स्थानं ब्राह्मणा नाम निश्चयः ॥२१॥
21. dharmametaṁ catuṣpādamāśramaṁ brāhmaṇā viduḥ ,
ānantyaṁ brahmaṇaḥ sthānaṁ brāhmaṇā nāma niścayaḥ.
21. dharmam etam catuṣpādam āśramam brāhmaṇā viduḥ |
ānantyam brahmaṇaḥ sthānam brāhmaṇā nāma niścayaḥ
21. brāhmaṇāḥ etam catuṣpādam āśramam dharmam viduḥ
brāhmaṇāḥ nāma brahmaṇaḥ sthānam ānantyam niścayaḥ
21. Brahmins understand this complete (four-footed) natural law (dharma) which is embodied in the stages of life (āśrama). It is certain that for Brahmins, the abode of Brahman is infinite.
अत एवंविधा विप्राः पुराणा धर्मचारिणः ।
त एते दिवि दृश्यन्ते ज्योतिर्भूता द्विजातयः ॥२२॥
22. ata evaṁvidhā viprāḥ purāṇā dharmacāriṇaḥ ,
ta ete divi dṛśyante jyotirbhūtā dvijātayaḥ.
22. ataḥ evamvidhāḥ viprāḥ purāṇāḥ dharmacāriṇaḥ
| te ete divi dṛśyante jyotirbhūtāḥ dvijātayaḥ
22. ataḥ evamvidhāḥ purāṇāḥ dharmacāriṇaḥ viprāḥ
te ete dvijātayaḥ divi jyotirbhūtāḥ dṛśyante
22. Therefore, such ancient Brahmins, who are upholders of natural law (dharma) - these twice-born ones (dvijātayaḥ) are seen in heaven, having become luminous beings.
नक्षत्राणीव धिष्ण्येषु बहवस्तारकागणाः ।
आनन्त्यमुपसंप्राप्ताः संतोषादिति वैदिकम् ॥२३॥
23. nakṣatrāṇīva dhiṣṇyeṣu bahavastārakāgaṇāḥ ,
ānantyamupasaṁprāptāḥ saṁtoṣāditi vaidikam.
23. nakṣatrāṇi iva dhiṣṇyeṣu bahavaḥ tārakāgaṇāḥ
| ānantyam upasaṁprāptāḥ saṁtoṣāt iti vaidikam
23. dhiṣṇyeṣu nakṣatrāṇi tārakāgaṇāḥ bahavaḥ iva
saṁtoṣāt ānantyam upasaṁprāptāḥ iti vaidikam
23. Like numerous constellations of stars in their respective celestial abodes, they have attained infinity due to contentment - thus is the Vedic teaching.
यद्यागच्छन्ति संसारं पुनर्योनिषु तादृशाः ।
न लिप्यन्ते पापकृत्यैः कदाचित्कर्मयोनितः ॥२४॥
24. yadyāgacchanti saṁsāraṁ punaryoniṣu tādṛśāḥ ,
na lipyante pāpakṛtyaiḥ kadācitkarmayonitaḥ.
24. yadi āgacchanti saṁsāram punaḥ yoniṣu tādṛśāḥ
| na lipyante pāpakṛtyaiḥ kadācit karmayonitaḥ
24. yadi tādṛśāḥ punaḥ yoniṣu saṁsāram āgacchanti
te kadācit pāpakṛtyaiḥ na lipyante karmayonitaḥ
24. If such individuals are reborn again into the cycle of saṃsāra (saṃsāra), in various wombs, they are never tainted by sinful actions, for their origin is rooted in righteous action (karma).
एवं युक्तो ब्राह्मणः स्यादन्यो ब्राह्मणको भवेत् ।
कर्मैव पुरुषस्याह शुभं वा यदि वाशुभम् ॥२५॥
25. evaṁ yukto brāhmaṇaḥ syādanyo brāhmaṇako bhavet ,
karmaiva puruṣasyāha śubhaṁ vā yadi vāśubham.
25. evam yuktaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ syāt anyaḥ brāhmaṇakaḥ bhavet
karma eva puruṣasya āha śubham vā yadi vā aśubham
25. evam yuktaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ syāt anyaḥ brāhmaṇakaḥ bhavet
puruṣasya karma eva śubham vā yadi vā aśubham āha
25. One who is thus disciplined is a true Brahmin; otherwise, one would merely be a nominal Brahmin. For a person (puruṣa), it is their action (karma) alone that determines whether the result is good or bad.
एवं पक्वकषायाणामानन्त्येन श्रुतेन च ।
सर्वमानन्त्यमेवासीदेवं नः शाश्वती श्रुतिः ॥२६॥
26. evaṁ pakvakaṣāyāṇāmānantyena śrutena ca ,
sarvamānantyamevāsīdevaṁ naḥ śāśvatī śrutiḥ.
26. evam pakvakāṣāyāṇām ānantyena śrutena ca sarvam
ānantyam eva āsīt evam naḥ śāśvatī śrutiḥ
26. evam pakvakāṣāyāṇām ānantyena ca śrutena sarvam
ānantyam eva āsīt evam naḥ śāśvatī śrutiḥ
26. Thus, for those whose impurities have been thoroughly purified, by means of the infinite (brahman) and through sacred tradition (śruti), everything becomes truly infinite. Such is our eternal sacred tradition (śruti).
तेषामपेततृष्णानां निर्णिक्तानां शुभात्मनाम् ।
चतुर्थ औपनिषदो धर्मः साधारणः स्मृतः ॥२७॥
27. teṣāmapetatṛṣṇānāṁ nirṇiktānāṁ śubhātmanām ,
caturtha aupaniṣado dharmaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.
27. teṣām apetātṛṣṇānām nirṇiktānām śubhātmanām
caturthaḥ aupaniṣadaḥ dharmaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ
27. apetatṛṣṇānām nirṇiktānām śubhātmanām teṣām
caturthaḥ aupaniṣadaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ
27. For those whose craving is gone, who are purified, and who possess pure intrinsic nature (ātman), the fourth Upanishadic natural law (dharma) is declared to be universal.
स सिद्धैः साध्यते नित्यं ब्राह्मणैर्नियतात्मभिः ।
संतोषमूलस्त्यागात्मा ज्ञानाधिष्ठानमुच्यते ॥२८॥
28. sa siddhaiḥ sādhyate nityaṁ brāhmaṇairniyatātmabhiḥ ,
saṁtoṣamūlastyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānamucyate.
28. saḥ siddhaiḥ sādhyate nityam brāhmaṇaiḥ niyatātmabhiḥ
saṃtoṣamūlaḥ tyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānam ucyate
28. saḥ siddhaiḥ niyatātmabhiḥ brāhmaṇaiḥ nityam sādhyate
saḥ saṃtoṣamūlaḥ tyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānam ucyate
28. That (natural law) is constantly practiced by perfected Brahmins who have disciplined their intrinsic nature (ātman). It is declared to have contentment as its root, to be characterized by renunciation, and to be founded upon true knowledge (jñāna).
अपवर्गगतिर्नित्यो यतिधर्मः सनातनः ।
साधारणः केवलो वा यथाबलमुपास्यते ॥२९॥
29. apavargagatirnityo yatidharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
sādhāraṇaḥ kevalo vā yathābalamupāsyate.
29. apavargagatiḥ nityaḥ yatidharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
sādhāraṇaḥ kevalaḥ vā yathābalam upāsyate
29. nityaḥ sanātanaḥ apavargagatiḥ yatidharmaḥ
sādhāraṇaḥ vā kevalaḥ yathābalam upāsyate
29. The path to final liberation (apavargagatiḥ) is the perpetual (nityaḥ) natural law (dharma) for renunciants (yatidharmaḥ), which is eternal (sanātanaḥ). This path is practiced (upāsyate) according to one's capacity (yathābalam), either in a general (sādhāraṇaḥ) or an exclusive (kevalaḥ) manner.
गच्छतो गच्छतः क्षेमं दुर्बलोऽत्रावसीदति ।
ब्रह्मणः पदमन्विच्छन्संसारान्मुच्यते शुचिः ॥३०॥
30. gacchato gacchataḥ kṣemaṁ durbalo'trāvasīdati ,
brahmaṇaḥ padamanvicchansaṁsārānmucyate śuciḥ.
30. gacchataḥ gacchataḥ kṣemam durbalaḥ atra avasīdati
brahmaṇaḥ padam anvicchan saṃsārāt mucyate śuciḥ
30. śuciḥ brahmaṇaḥ padam anvicchan saṃsārāt mucyate
gacchataḥ gacchataḥ kṣemam durbalaḥ atra avasīdati
30. While pursuing various paths (gacchataḥ), the weak person (durbalaḥ) here (atra) falters in attaining welfare (kṣemam). But the pure (śuciḥ) one, seeking (anvicchan) the state (padam) of Brahman (brahmaṇaḥ), is liberated (mucyate) from the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra).
स्यूमरश्मिरुवाच ।
ये भुञ्जते ये ददते यजन्तेऽधीयते च ये ।
मात्राभिर्धर्मलब्धाभिर्ये वा त्यागं समाश्रिताः ॥३१॥
31. syūmaraśmiruvāca ,
ye bhuñjate ye dadate yajante'dhīyate ca ye ,
mātrābhirdharmalabdhābhirye vā tyāgaṁ samāśritāḥ.
31. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca ye bhuñjate ye dadate yajante adhīyate
ca ye mātrābhiḥ dharmalabdhābhiḥ ye vā tyāgam samāśritāḥ
31. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca ye bhuñjate,
ye dadate,
ye yajante ca,
ye adhīyate,
vā ye dharmalabdhābhiḥ mātrābhiḥ tyāgam samāśritāḥ
31. Syūmaraśmi said: "Those who partake [of pleasures], those who give [donations (dāna)], those who perform Vedic rituals (yajña), and those who study [Vedas]; or those who have embraced renunciation (tyāga) through means acquired in accordance with natural law (dharma)."
एतेषां प्रेत्यभावे तु कतमः स्वर्गजित्तमः ।
एतदाचक्ष्व मे ब्रह्मन्यथातथ्येन पृच्छतः ॥३२॥
32. eteṣāṁ pretyabhāve tu katamaḥ svargajittamaḥ ,
etadācakṣva me brahmanyathātathyena pṛcchataḥ.
32. eteṣām pretyabhāve tu katamaḥ svargajittamaḥ
etat ācakṣva me brahman yathātathyena pṛcchataḥ
32. brahman,
eteṣām pretyabhāve tu katamaḥ svargajittamaḥ? me pṛcchataḥ etat yathātathyena ācakṣva.
32. Among these (various types of practitioners), who, in the afterlife (pretyabhāve), is truly the best conqueror of heaven? O Brahman (brahman), please tell me this accurately (yathātathyena), as I inquire (pṛcchataḥ).
कपिल उवाच ।
परिग्रहाः शुभाः सर्वे गुणतोऽभ्युदयाश्च ये ।
न तु त्यागसुखं प्राप्ता एतत्त्वमपि पश्यसि ॥३३॥
33. kapila uvāca ,
parigrahāḥ śubhāḥ sarve guṇato'bhyudayāśca ye ,
na tu tyāgasukhaṁ prāptā etattvamapi paśyasi.
33. kapilaḥ uvāca | parigrahāḥ śubhāḥ sarve guṇataḥ abhyudayāḥ
ca ye | na tu tyāgasukham prāptāḥ etat tvam api paśyasi
33. kapilaḥ uvāca sarve śubhāḥ parigrahāḥ ca ye guṇataḥ abhyudayāḥ,
te tu tyāgasukham na prāptāḥ tvam api etat paśyasi
33. Kapila said: All auspicious possessions and all advancements that arise from qualities, they do not attain the happiness of renunciation. You also observe this.
स्यूमरश्मिरुवाच ।
भवन्तो ज्ञाननिष्ठा वै गृहस्थाः कर्मनिश्चयाः ।
आश्रमाणां च सर्वेषां निष्ठायामैक्यमुच्यते ॥३४॥
34. syūmaraśmiruvāca ,
bhavanto jñānaniṣṭhā vai gṛhasthāḥ karmaniścayāḥ ,
āśramāṇāṁ ca sarveṣāṁ niṣṭhāyāmaikyamucyate.
34. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca | bhavantaḥ jñānaniṣṭhāḥ vai gṛhasthāḥ
karmaniścayāḥ | āśramāṇām ca sarveṣām niṣṭhāyām aikyam ucyate
34. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca bhavantaḥ vai
gṛhasthāḥ jñānaniṣṭhāḥ karmaniścayāḥ
(atha ca) sarveṣām āśramāṇām
ca niṣṭhāyām aikyam ucyate
34. Syūmaraśmi said: You are indeed householders devoted to knowledge and firm in your actions (karma). It is declared that among all the orders of life (āśrama), there is unity in their ultimate dedication.
एकत्वे च पृथक्त्वे च विशेषो नान्य उच्यते ।
तद्यथावद्यथान्यायं भगवान्प्रब्रवीतु मे ॥३५॥
35. ekatve ca pṛthaktve ca viśeṣo nānya ucyate ,
tadyathāvadyathānyāyaṁ bhagavānprabravītu me.
35. ekatve ca pṛthaktve ca viśeṣaḥ na anyaḥ ucyate |
tat yathāvat yathānyāyam bhagavān prabravītu me
35. ekatve ca pṛthaktve ca anyaḥ viśeṣaḥ na ucyate
tat yathāvat yathānyāyam bhagavān me prabravītu
35. In both unity and distinctness, no other specific difference is stated. Therefore, let the divine one (Bhagavān) explain this to me precisely and appropriately.
कपिल उवाच ।
शरीरपक्तिः कर्माणि ज्ञानं तु परमा गतिः ।
पक्वे कषाये वमनै रसज्ञाने न तिष्ठति ॥३६॥
36. kapila uvāca ,
śarīrapaktiḥ karmāṇi jñānaṁ tu paramā gatiḥ ,
pakve kaṣāye vamanai rasajñāne na tiṣṭhati.
36. kapilaḥ uvāca | śarīrapaktiḥ karmāṇi jñānam tu paramā
gatiḥ | pakve kaṣāye vamanaiḥ rasajñāne na tiṣṭhati
36. kapilaḥ uvāca karmāṇi śarīrapaktiḥ (bhavanti); tu jñānam paramā gatiḥ pakve kaṣāye vamanaiḥ (niṣkāsite sati),
rasajñāne na tiṣṭhati
36. Kapila said: Actions (karma) are for the purification and maturation of the body; however, knowledge is the supreme goal (gati). Just as, when impurities (kaṣāya) are brought to maturity for expulsion by emetics, they no longer remain in the perception of pure essence.
आनृशंस्यं क्षमा शान्तिरहिंसा सत्यमार्जवम् ।
अद्रोहो नाभिमानश्च ह्रीस्तितिक्षा शमस्तथा ॥३७॥
37. ānṛśaṁsyaṁ kṣamā śāntirahiṁsā satyamārjavam ,
adroho nābhimānaśca hrīstitikṣā śamastathā.
37. ānṛśaṃsyam kṣamā śāntiḥ ahiṃsā satyam ārjavam
adrohaḥ na abhimānaḥ ca hrīḥ titikṣā śamaḥ tathā
37. ānṛśaṃsyam kṣamā śāntiḥ ahiṃsā satyam ārjavam
adrohaḥ na abhimānaḥ ca hrīḥ titikṣā śamaḥ tathā
37. Kindness, forgiveness, peace, non-violence (ahiṃsā), truthfulness, integrity, freedom from malice, absence of arrogance (abhimāna), modesty, endurance, and mental tranquility (śama) are included here.
पन्थानो ब्रह्मणस्त्वेते एतैः प्राप्नोति यत्परम् ।
तद्विद्वाननुबुध्येत मनसा कर्मनिश्चयम् ॥३८॥
38. panthāno brahmaṇastvete etaiḥ prāpnoti yatparam ,
tadvidvānanubudhyeta manasā karmaniścayam.
38. panthānaḥ brahmaṇaḥ tu ete etaiḥ prāpnoti yat
param tat vidvān anubudhyeta manasā karmaniscayam
38. ete tu brahmaṇaḥ panthānaḥ etaiḥ yat param prāpnoti
vidvān tat manasā karmaniscayam anubudhyeta
38. These indeed are the paths to the ultimate reality (brahman). Through these, one attains that supreme goal. A wise person, understanding this, should comprehend with their mind the proper determination of actions (karma).
यां विप्राः सर्वतः शान्ता विशुद्धा ज्ञाननिश्चयाः ।
गतिं गच्छन्ति संतुष्टास्तामाहुः परमां गतिम् ॥३९॥
39. yāṁ viprāḥ sarvataḥ śāntā viśuddhā jñānaniścayāḥ ,
gatiṁ gacchanti saṁtuṣṭāstāmāhuḥ paramāṁ gatim.
39. yām viprāḥ sarvataḥ śāntāḥ viśuddhāḥ jñānaniścayāḥ
gatim gacchanti santuṣṭāḥ tām āhuḥ paramām gatim
39. viprāḥ sarvataḥ śāntāḥ viśuddhāḥ jñānaniścayāḥ
santuṣṭāḥ yām gatim gacchanti tām paramām gatim āhuḥ
39. The state which those Brahmins attain - who are entirely peaceful, pure, firm in their knowledge, and contented - that they declare to be the supreme state.
वेदांश्च वेदितव्यं च विदित्वा च यथास्थिति ।
एवं वेदविदित्याहुरतोऽन्यो वातरेटकः ॥४०॥
40. vedāṁśca veditavyaṁ ca viditvā ca yathāsthiti ,
evaṁ vedavidityāhurato'nyo vātareṭakaḥ.
40. vedān ca veditavyam ca viditvā ca yathāsthiti
evam vedavit iti āhuḥ ataḥ anyaḥ vātareṭakaḥ
40. vedān ca veditavyam ca yathāsthiti viditvā ca
evam vedavit iti āhuḥ ataḥ anyaḥ vātareṭakaḥ
40. Having known both the Vedas and that which is to be known, precisely as they are, such a person is called a 'knower of the Vedas'. Anyone else is merely a babbler.
सर्वं विदुर्वेदविदो वेदे सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
वेदे हि निष्ठा सर्वस्य यद्यदस्ति च नास्ति च ॥४१॥
41. sarvaṁ vidurvedavido vede sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam ,
vede hi niṣṭhā sarvasya yadyadasti ca nāsti ca.
41. sarvam viduḥ vedavidaḥ vede sarvam pratiṣṭhitam
vede hi niṣṭhā sarvasya yat yat asti ca na asti ca
41. vedavidaḥ sarvam viduḥ sarvam vede pratiṣṭhitam hi
vede sarvasya yat yat asti ca na asti ca niṣṭhā
41. Those who know the Vedas understand everything. Everything is established in the Veda. Indeed, the ultimate foundation (niṣṭhā) of everything - what exists and what does not exist - rests within the Veda.
एषैव निष्ठा सर्वस्य यद्यदस्ति च नास्ति च ।
एतदन्तं च मध्यं च सच्चासच्च विजानतः ॥४२॥
42. eṣaiva niṣṭhā sarvasya yadyadasti ca nāsti ca ,
etadantaṁ ca madhyaṁ ca saccāsacca vijānataḥ.
42. eṣā eva niṣṭhā sarvasya yat yat asti ca na asti ca
etat antam ca madhyam ca sat ca asat ca vijānataḥ
42. eṣā eva sarvasya yat yat asti ca na asti ca niṣṭhā
vijānataḥ etat antam ca madhyam ca sat ca asat ca
42. This is indeed the ultimate foundation (niṣṭhā) for all that exists and all that does not exist. For one who discerns both reality (sat) and unreality (asat), this (principle) is the end and the middle of everything.
समस्तत्याग इत्येव शम इत्येव निष्ठितः ।
संतोष इत्यत्र शुभमपवर्गे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥४३॥
43. samastatyāga ityeva śama ityeva niṣṭhitaḥ ,
saṁtoṣa ityatra śubhamapavarge pratiṣṭhitam.
43. samastatyāgaḥ iti eva śamaḥ iti eva niṣṭhitaḥ
santoṣaḥ iti atra śubham apavarge pratiṣṭhitam
43. samastatyāgaḥ eva śamaḥ iti niṣṭhitaḥ eva
santoṣaḥ atra iti śubham apavarge pratiṣṭhitam
43. Complete renunciation (tyāga) is indeed referred to as tranquility (śama); this truth is firmly established. Moreover, contentment (santoṣa) is, in this context, established as the auspicious path to ultimate liberation (mokṣa).
ऋतं सत्यं विदितं वेदितव्यं सर्वस्यात्मा जङ्गमं स्थावरं च ।
सर्वं सुखं यच्छिवमुत्तमं च ब्रह्माव्यक्तं प्रभवश्चाव्ययश्च ॥४४॥
44. ṛtaṁ satyaṁ viditaṁ veditavyaṁ; sarvasyātmā jaṅgamaṁ sthāvaraṁ ca ,
sarvaṁ sukhaṁ yacchivamuttamaṁ ca; brahmāvyaktaṁ prabhavaścāvyayaśca.
44. ṛtam satyam viditam veditavyam sarvasya
ātmā jaṅgamam sthāvaram ca sarvam
sukham yat śivam uttamam ca brahma
avyaktam prabhavaḥ ca avyayaḥ ca
44. ṛtam satyam viditam veditavyam sarvasya
jaṅgamam ca sthāvaram ca ātmā yat
sarvam sukham śivam uttamam ca tat
brahma avyaktam prabhavaḥ ca avyayaḥ ca
44. That which is the cosmic order (ṛta) and truth (satya); that which is known and that which is yet to be known; the Self (ātman) of all moving and unmoving beings; all happiness, which is auspicious and supreme - that is the unmanifest (avyakta) Brahman, the ultimate origin, and the imperishable.
तेजः क्षमा शान्तिरनामयं शुभं तथाविधं व्योम सनातनं ध्रुवम् ।
एतैः शब्दैर्गम्यते बुद्धिनेत्रैस्तस्मै नमो ब्रह्मणे ब्राह्मणाय ॥४५॥
45. tejaḥ kṣamā śāntiranāmayaṁ śubhaṁ; tathāvidhaṁ vyoma sanātanaṁ dhruvam ,
etaiḥ śabdairgamyate buddhinetrai;stasmai namo brahmaṇe brāhmaṇāya.
45. tejaḥ kṣamā śāntiḥ anāmayam śubham
tathāvidham vyoma sanātanam dhruvam
etaiḥ śabdaiḥ gamyate buddhinettraiḥ
tasmai namaḥ brahmaṇe brāhmaṇāya
45. tejaḥ kṣamā śāntiḥ anāmayam śubham
tathāvidham sanātanam dhruvam vyoma (asti)
buddhinettraiḥ etaiḥ śabdaiḥ tat
gamyate tasmai brahmaṇe brāhmaṇāya namaḥ
45. Radiance, forgiveness, peace, freedom from suffering, and auspiciousness; such is the pervasive (vyoma) which is eternal and immutable. Through these words, by the eyes of intellect, that [Brahman] is comprehended. Salutations to that Brahman, the ultimate spiritual being.