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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-211

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
केन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञो जनको मिथिलाधिपः ।
जगाम मोक्षं धर्मज्ञो भोगानुत्सृज्य मानुषान् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kena vṛttena vṛttajño janako mithilādhipaḥ ,
jagāma mokṣaṁ dharmajño bhogānutsṛjya mānuṣān.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kena vṛttena vṛttajñaḥ janakaḥ
mithilādhipaḥ jagāma mokṣam dharmajñaḥ bhogān utsṛjya mānuṣān
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca vṛttajñaḥ dharmajñaḥ mithilādhipaḥ
janakaḥ mānuṣān bhogān utsṛjya kena vṛttena mokṣam jagāma?
1. Yudhishthira said: "By what kind of conduct did King Janaka, the ruler of Mithila (Mithilādhipaḥ), who was wise in behavior (vṛttajñaḥ) and knowledgeable in (dharma), attain final liberation (mokṣa) after renouncing human enjoyments?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
येन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञः स जगाम महत्सुखम् ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
yena vṛttena vṛttajñaḥ sa jagāma mahatsukham.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam yena vṛttena vṛttajñaḥ saḥ jagāma mahat sukham
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
yena vṛttena vṛttajñaḥ saḥ mahat sukham jagāma
2. Bhishma said: "In this regard, they also narrate this ancient story (itihāsa) by means of which that wise one (vṛttajñaḥ) (Janaka) attained great happiness."
जनको जनदेवस्तु मिथिलायां जनाधिपः ।
और्ध्वदेहिकधर्माणामासीद्युक्तो विचिन्तने ॥३॥
3. janako janadevastu mithilāyāṁ janādhipaḥ ,
aurdhvadehikadharmāṇāmāsīdyukto vicintane.
3. janakaḥ janadevaḥ tu mithilāyām janādhipaḥ
aurdhvadehikadharmāṇām āsīt yuktaḥ vicintane
3. janakaḥ janadevaḥ janādhipaḥ tu mithilāyām
aurdhvadehikadharmāṇām vicintane yuktaḥ āsīt
3. King Janaka, who was a god among men (janadevaḥ) and ruler (janādhipaḥ) in Mithila, was indeed absorbed in the contemplation (vicintane) of duties (dharma) pertaining to the afterlife.
तस्य स्म शतमाचार्या वसन्ति सततं गृहे ।
दर्शयन्तः पृथग्धर्मान्नानापाषण्डवादिनः ॥४॥
4. tasya sma śatamācāryā vasanti satataṁ gṛhe ,
darśayantaḥ pṛthagdharmānnānāpāṣaṇḍavādinaḥ.
4. tasya sma śatam ācāryāḥ vasanti satatam gṛhe
darśayantaḥ pṛthak dharmān nānāpāṣaṇḍavādinaḥ
4. tasya gṛhe śatam ācāryāḥ satatam vasanti
pṛthak dharmān nānāpāṣaṇḍavādinaḥ darśayantaḥ
4. A hundred teachers constantly resided in his house, expounding distinct principles (dharma) and advocating various heterodox doctrines.
स तेषां प्रेत्यभावे च प्रेत्यजातौ विनिश्चये ।
आगमस्थः स भूयिष्ठमात्मतत्त्वे न तुष्यति ॥५॥
5. sa teṣāṁ pretyabhāve ca pretyajātau viniścaye ,
āgamasthaḥ sa bhūyiṣṭhamātmatattve na tuṣyati.
5. saḥ teṣām pretyabhāve ca pretyajātī viniścaye
āgamasthaḥ saḥ bhūyiṣṭham ātmatattve na tuṣyati
5. saḥ teṣām pretyabhāve ca pretyajātī viniścaye
saḥ āgamasthaḥ bhūyiṣṭham ātmatattve na tuṣyati
5. He (the host) was certain of their (the teachers') views concerning the state after death and rebirth. However, though he largely adhered to scriptural tradition (āgama), he found no satisfaction in the reality of the Self (ātman).
तत्र पञ्चशिखो नाम कापिलेयो महामुनिः ।
परिधावन्महीं कृत्स्नां जगाम मिथिलामपि ॥६॥
6. tatra pañcaśikho nāma kāpileyo mahāmuniḥ ,
paridhāvanmahīṁ kṛtsnāṁ jagāma mithilāmapi.
6. tatra pañcaśikhaḥ nāma kāpileyaḥ mahāmuniḥ
paridhāvan mahīm kṛtsnām jagāma mithilām api
6. tatra pañcaśikhaḥ nāma kāpileyaḥ mahāmuniḥ
kṛtsnām mahīm paridhāvan mithilām api jagāma
6. There, a great sage named Pañcaśikha, a descendant or disciple of Kapila, went to Mithila after traversing the entire earth.
सर्वसंन्यासधर्माणां तत्त्वज्ञानविनिश्चये ।
सुपर्यवसितार्थश्च निर्द्वंद्वो नष्टसंशयः ॥७॥
7. sarvasaṁnyāsadharmāṇāṁ tattvajñānaviniścaye ,
suparyavasitārthaśca nirdvaṁdvo naṣṭasaṁśayaḥ.
7. sarvasaṁnyāsadharmāṇām tattvajñānaviniścaye
suparyavasitārthaḥ ca nirdvandvaḥ naṣṭasaṁśayaḥ
7. sarvasaṁnyāsadharmāṇām tattvajñānaviniścaye
suparyavasitārthaḥ ca nirdvandvaḥ naṣṭasaṁśayaḥ
7. (Pañcaśikha was) one whose understanding of the goal was perfected in the ascertainment of the knowledge of truth regarding all principles (dharma) of renunciation (saṃnyāsa), and he was free from dualities and free from doubt.
ऋषीणामाहुरेकं यं कामादवसितं नृषु ।
शाश्वतं सुखमत्यन्तमन्विच्छन्स सुदुर्लभम् ॥८॥
8. ṛṣīṇāmāhurekaṁ yaṁ kāmādavasitaṁ nṛṣu ,
śāśvataṁ sukhamatyantamanvicchansa sudurlabham.
8. ṛṣīṇām āhuḥ ekam yam kāmāt avasitam nṛṣu śāśvatam
sukham atyantam anvicchan saḥ su durlabham
8. yam ṛṣīṇām ekam nṛṣu kāmāt avasitam āhuḥ saḥ
śāśvatam atyantam su durlabham sukham anvicchan
8. They speak of one among the sages who, having ceased from worldly desires (kāma) among men, seeks that extremely rare, eternal, and ultimate happiness.
यमाहुः कपिलं सांख्याः परमर्षिं प्रजापतिम् ।
स मन्ये तेन रूपेण विस्मापयति हि स्वयम् ॥९॥
9. yamāhuḥ kapilaṁ sāṁkhyāḥ paramarṣiṁ prajāpatim ,
sa manye tena rūpeṇa vismāpayati hi svayam.
9. yam āhuḥ kapilam sāṃkhyāḥ paramarṣim prajāpatim
saḥ manye tena rūpeṇa vismāpayati hi svayam
9. sāṃkhyāḥ yam kapilam paramarṣim prajāpatim āhuḥ
saḥ tena rūpeṇa hi svayam vismāpayati manye
9. The Sāṃkhyas call him Kapila, the great sage (paramarṣi) and lord of creatures (prajāpati). I think he himself indeed astonishes by that form.
आसुरेः प्रथमं शिष्यं यमाहुश्चिरजीविनम् ।
पञ्चस्रोतसि यः सत्रमास्ते वर्षसहस्रिकम् ॥१०॥
10. āsureḥ prathamaṁ śiṣyaṁ yamāhuścirajīvinam ,
pañcasrotasi yaḥ satramāste varṣasahasrikam.
10. āsureḥ prathamam śiṣyam yam āhuḥ cirajīvinam
pañcasrotasi yaḥ satram āste varṣasahasrikam
10. yaḥ āsureḥ prathamam śiṣyam yam cirajīvinam
āhuḥ pañcasrotasi varṣasahasrikam satram āste
10. He who is the first disciple of Asuri, whom they call long-lived, and who performs a thousand-year-long Vedic ritual (satra) in Pañcasrotas.
तं समासीनमागम्य मण्डलं कापिलं महत् ।
पुरुषावस्थमव्यक्तं परमार्थं निबोधयत् ॥११॥
11. taṁ samāsīnamāgamya maṇḍalaṁ kāpilaṁ mahat ,
puruṣāvasthamavyaktaṁ paramārthaṁ nibodhayat.
11. tam samāsīnam āgamya maṇḍalam kāpilam mahat
puruṣāvastham avyaktam paramārtham nibodhayat
11. (saḥ) tam samāsīnam āgamya mahat kāpilam maṇḍalam
puruṣāvastham avyaktam paramārtham nibodhayat
11. Having approached him (Kapila) who was seated, he (Kapila) instructed the great Kapila assembly (maṇḍala) concerning the supreme reality (paramārtha), which is the unmanifest state of the cosmic person (puruṣa).
इष्टिसत्रेण संसिद्धो भूयश्च तपसा मुनिः ।
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्व्यक्तिं बुबुधे देवदर्शनः ॥१२॥
12. iṣṭisatreṇa saṁsiddho bhūyaśca tapasā muniḥ ,
kṣetrakṣetrajñayorvyaktiṁ bubudhe devadarśanaḥ.
12. iṣṭisatreṇa saṃsiddhaḥ bhūyaḥ ca tapasā muniḥ
kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ vyaktim bubudhe devadarśanaḥ
12. muniḥ devadarśanaḥ iṣṭisatreṇa ca tapasā bhūyaḥ
saṃsiddhaḥ kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ vyaktim bubudhe
12. The sage, perfected through sacrificial rites (yajña) and further by asceticism (tapas), and possessing divine insight, understood the distinction between the field (kṣetra) and the knower of the field (kṣetrajña).
यत्तदेकाक्षरं ब्रह्म नानारूपं प्रदृश्यते ।
आसुरिर्मण्डले तस्मिन्प्रतिपेदे तदव्ययम् ॥१३॥
13. yattadekākṣaraṁ brahma nānārūpaṁ pradṛśyate ,
āsurirmaṇḍale tasminpratipede tadavyayam.
13. yat tat ekākṣaram brahma nānārūpam pradṛśyate
āsuriḥ maṇḍale tasmin pratipede tat avyayam
13. āsuriḥ yat tat ekākṣaram nānārūpam brahma pradṛśyate,
tasmin maṇḍale tat avyayam pratipede
13. That one-syllabled Brahman (brahman) which appears in various forms - Asuri attained that imperishable (brahman) in that very sphere.
तस्य पञ्चशिखः शिष्यो मानुष्या पयसा भृतः ।
ब्राह्मणी कपिला नाम काचिदासीत्कुटुम्बिनी ॥१४॥
14. tasya pañcaśikhaḥ śiṣyo mānuṣyā payasā bhṛtaḥ ,
brāhmaṇī kapilā nāma kācidāsītkuṭumbinī.
14. tasya pañcaśikhaḥ śiṣyaḥ mānuṣyā payasā bhṛtaḥ
brāhmaṇī kapilā nāma kācid āsīt kuṭumbinī
14. tasya śiṣyaḥ pañcaśikhaḥ kācid brāhmaṇī nāma
kapilā kuṭumbinī mānuṣyā payasā bhṛtaḥ āsīt
14. His disciple, Pañcaśikha, was nourished with milk by a certain Brāhmaṇa woman named Kapila, who was a householder (kuṭumbinī).
तस्याः पुत्रत्वमागम्य स्त्रियाः स पिबति स्तनौ ।
ततः स कापिलेयत्वं लेभे बुद्धिं च नैष्ठिकीम् ॥१५॥
15. tasyāḥ putratvamāgamya striyāḥ sa pibati stanau ,
tataḥ sa kāpileyatvaṁ lebhe buddhiṁ ca naiṣṭhikīm.
15. tasyāḥ putratvam āgamya striyāḥ sa pibati stanau
tataḥ sa kāpileyatvam lebhe buddhim ca naiṣṭhikīm
15. sa putratvam āgamya tasyāḥ striyāḥ stanau pibati
tataḥ sa kāpileyatvam ca naiṣṭhikīm buddhim lebhe
15. Having assumed the role of her son, he (Pañcaśikha) drank from that woman's breasts. Thereafter, he obtained the status of a descendant of Kapila (kāpileyatvam) and a firm, resolute intellect.
एतन्मे भगवानाह कापिलेयाय संभवम् ।
तस्य तत्कापिलेयत्वं सर्ववित्त्वमनुत्तमम् ॥१६॥
16. etanme bhagavānāha kāpileyāya saṁbhavam ,
tasya tatkāpileyatvaṁ sarvavittvamanuttamam.
16. etat me bhagavān āha kāpileyāya saṃbhavam
tasya tat kāpileyatvam sarvavittvam anuttamam
16. bhagavān me kāpileyāya etat saṃbhavam āha tasya
tat kāpileyatvam anuttamam sarvavittvam asti
16. The revered Lord [Kapila] explained this doctrine of existence (saṃbhavam) to me, designating himself as Kapileya. Indeed, that very characteristic of his, being Kapileya, signifies unsurpassed omniscience.
सामान्यं कपिलो ज्ञात्वा धर्मज्ञानामनुत्तमम् ।
उपेत्य शतमाचार्यान्मोहयामास हेतुभिः ॥१७॥
17. sāmānyaṁ kapilo jñātvā dharmajñānāmanuttamam ,
upetya śatamācāryānmohayāmāsa hetubhiḥ.
17. sāmānyam kapilaḥ jñātvā dharmajñānām anuttamam
upetya śatam ācāryān mohayāmāsa hetubhiḥ
17. kapilaḥ dharmajñānām anuttamam sāmānyam jñātvā
śatam ācāryān upetya hetubhiḥ mohayāmāsa
17. Kapila, understanding the unsurpassed common principle of those who comprehend natural law (dharma), approached a hundred teachers and bewildered them with his arguments.
जनकस्त्वभिसंरक्तः कापिलेयानुदर्शनात् ।
उत्सृज्य शतमाचार्यान्पृष्ठतोऽनुजगाम तम् ॥१८॥
18. janakastvabhisaṁraktaḥ kāpileyānudarśanāt ,
utsṛjya śatamācāryānpṛṣṭhato'nujagāma tam.
18. janakaḥ tu abhisaṃraktaḥ kāpileya anudarśanāt
utsṛjya śatam ācāryān pṛṣṭhataḥ anujagāma tam
18. janakaḥ tu kāpileya anudarśanāt abhisaṃraktaḥ
śatam ācāryān utsṛjya tam pṛṣṭhataḥ anujagāma
18. But King Janaka, deeply devoted (abhisaṃraktaḥ) due to the wisdom gained from Kapila (kāpileya), abandoned a hundred teachers and followed him.
तस्मै परमकल्याय प्रणताय च धर्मतः ।
अब्रवीत्परमं मोक्षं यत्तत्सांख्यं विधीयते ॥१९॥
19. tasmai paramakalyāya praṇatāya ca dharmataḥ ,
abravītparamaṁ mokṣaṁ yattatsāṁkhyaṁ vidhīyate.
19. tasmai paramakalyāya praṇatāya ca dharmataḥ
abravīt paramam mokṣam yat tat sāṅkhyam vidhīyate
19. saḥ tasmai paramakalyāya ca praṇatāya dharmataḥ
paramam mokṣam abravīt yat tat sāṅkhyam vidhīyate
19. To that supremely blessed (paramakalya) and humble (praṇata) Janaka, who acted according to natural law (dharma), Kapila declared the supreme liberation (mokṣa), which is taught as Samkhya (sāṅkhyam).
जातिनिर्वेदमुक्त्वा हि कर्मनिर्वेदमब्रवीत् ।
कर्मनिर्वेदमुक्त्वा च सर्वनिर्वेदमब्रवीत् ॥२०॥
20. jātinirvedamuktvā hi karmanirvedamabravīt ,
karmanirvedamuktvā ca sarvanirvedamabravīt.
20. jātinirvedam uktvā hi karmanirvedam abravīt
karmanirvedam uktvā ca sarvanirvedam abravīt
20. hi jātinirvedam uktvā karmanirvedam abravīt
ca karmanirvedam uktvā sarvanirvedam abravīt
20. Having indeed spoken of weariness with (future) births, he spoke of weariness with actions (karma). And having spoken of weariness with actions (karma), he then spoke of weariness with everything.
यदर्थं कर्मसंसर्गः कर्मणां च फलोदयः ।
तदनाश्वासिकं मोघं विनाशि चलमध्रुवम् ॥२१॥
21. yadarthaṁ karmasaṁsargaḥ karmaṇāṁ ca phalodayaḥ ,
tadanāśvāsikaṁ moghaṁ vināśi calamadhruvam.
21. yat artham karmasaṃsargaḥ karmaṇām ca phalodayaḥ
tat anāśvāsikam mogham vināśi calam adhruvam
21. yat artham karmasaṃsargaḥ ca karmaṇām phalodayaḥ
tat anāśvāsikam mogham vināśi calam adhruvam
21. That for which there is involvement in actions (karma) and the arising of their results, is unreliable, futile, perishable, unstable, and impermanent.
दृश्यमाने विनाशे च प्रत्यक्षे लोकसाक्षिके ।
आगमात्परमस्तीति ब्रुवन्नपि पराजितः ॥२२॥
22. dṛśyamāne vināśe ca pratyakṣe lokasākṣike ,
āgamātparamastīti bruvannapi parājitaḥ.
22. dṛśyamāne vināśe ca pratyakṣe lokasākṣike
āgamāt param asti iti bruvan api parājitaḥ
22. dṛśyamāne ca pratyakṣe lokasākṣike vināśe
āgamāt param asti iti bruvan api parājitaḥ
22. When destruction is visible, directly perceived, and witnessed by the world, even one who says 'there is a higher reality based on scripture (āgama)' is defeated.
अनात्मा ह्यात्मनो मृत्युः क्लेशो मृत्युर्जरामयः ।
आत्मानं मन्यते मोहात्तदसम्यक्परं मतम् ॥२३॥
23. anātmā hyātmano mṛtyuḥ kleśo mṛtyurjarāmayaḥ ,
ātmānaṁ manyate mohāttadasamyakparaṁ matam.
23. anātmā hi ātmanaḥ mṛtyuḥ kleśaḥ mṛtyuḥ jarāmayaḥ
ātmānam manyate mohāt tat asamyak param matam
23. hi anātmā ātmanaḥ mṛtyuḥ kleśaḥ mṛtyuḥ jarāmayaḥ
mohāt ātmānam manyate tat asamyak param matam
23. Indeed, the non-self (anātman) is the death of the self (ātman); suffering (kleśa), death, old age, and disease (jarā) are [also] death. One mistakenly identifies the (true) self (ātman) [with the non-self] due to delusion (moha); that (identification) is an incorrect view, (which is the) opinion of others.
अथ चेदेवमप्यस्ति यल्लोके नोपपद्यते ।
अजरोऽयममृत्युश्च राजासौ मन्यते तथा ॥२४॥
24. atha cedevamapyasti yalloke nopapadyate ,
ajaro'yamamṛtyuśca rājāsau manyate tathā.
24. atha cet evam api asti yat loke na upapadyate
ajaraḥ ayam amṛtyuḥ ca rājā asau manyate tathā
24. atha cet evam api asti yat loke na upapadyate
ajaraḥ ayam amṛtyuḥ ca asau rājā tathā manyate
24. Now, if such a situation exists, which is not found to be suitable in the world – that this (person) is ageless and immortal – that king nevertheless believes it to be so.
अस्ति नास्तीति चाप्येतत्तस्मिन्नसति लक्षणे ।
किमधिष्ठाय तद्ब्रूयाल्लोकयात्राविनिश्चयम् ॥२५॥
25. asti nāstīti cāpyetattasminnasati lakṣaṇe ,
kimadhiṣṭhāya tadbrūyāllokayātrāviniścayam.
25. asti na asti iti ca api etat tasmin asati lakṣaṇe
kim adhiṣṭhāya tat brūyāt lokayātrā-viniścayam
25. ca api etat asti na asti iti tasmin lakṣaṇe asati
kim adhiṣṭhāya tat lokayātrā-viniścayam brūyāt
25. And even this (distinction of) 'it exists' or 'it does not exist' – when that distinguishing characteristic (lakṣaṇa) is absent – relying on what would one declare with certainty the course of worldly affairs?
प्रत्यक्षं ह्येतयोर्मूलं कृतान्तैतिह्ययोरपि ।
प्रत्यक्षो ह्यागमोऽभिन्नः कृतान्तो वा न किंचन ॥२६॥
26. pratyakṣaṁ hyetayormūlaṁ kṛtāntaitihyayorapi ,
pratyakṣo hyāgamo'bhinnaḥ kṛtānto vā na kiṁcana.
26. pratyakṣam hi etayoḥ mūlam kṛtāntaitihyayor api
pratyakṣaḥ hi āgamaḥ abhinnaḥ kṛtāntaḥ vā na kiñcana
26. pratyakṣam hi etayoḥ kṛtāntaitihyayor api mūlam hi
āgamaḥ pratyakṣaḥ abhinnaḥ vā kṛtāntaḥ na kiñcana
26. Indeed, direct perception (pratyakṣa) is the root of both fate (kṛtānta) and tradition (itihya). Indeed, scriptural tradition (āgama) is non-different from direct perception, or else fate (kṛtānta) is nothing at all.
यत्र तत्रानुमानेऽस्ति कृतं भावयतेऽपि वा ।
अन्यो जीवः शरीरस्य नास्तिकानां मते स्मृतः ॥२७॥
27. yatra tatrānumāne'sti kṛtaṁ bhāvayate'pi vā ,
anyo jīvaḥ śarīrasya nāstikānāṁ mate smṛtaḥ.
27. yatra tatra anumāne asti kṛtam bhāvayate api vā
anyaḥ jīvaḥ śarīrasya nāstikānām mate smṛtaḥ
27. yatra anumāne kṛtam asti vā api bhāvayate tatra
anyaḥ jīvaḥ śarīrasya nāstikānām mate smṛtaḥ
27. Wherever in inference an action (karma) exists, or it is even merely conceived, a soul (jīva) distinct from the body is considered to exist in the opinion of those who deny (nāstika).
रेतो वटकणीकायां घृतपाकाधिवासनम् ।
जातिस्मृतिरयस्कान्तः सूर्यकान्तोऽम्बुभक्षणम् ॥२८॥
28. reto vaṭakaṇīkāyāṁ ghṛtapākādhivāsanam ,
jātismṛtirayaskāntaḥ sūryakānto'mbubhakṣaṇam.
28. retaḥ vaṭakaṇīkāyām ghṛtapākādhivāsanam
jātismṛtiḥ ayaskāntaḥ sūryakāntaḥ ambubhukṣaṇam
28. retaḥ vaṭakaṇīkāyām ghṛtapākādhivāsanam
jātismṛtiḥ ayaskāntaḥ sūryakāntaḥ ambubhukṣaṇam
28. These are examples: semen within a fig seed, the permeation of fragrance from cooked ghee, the recollection of past lives (jātismṛti), a magnet, a sun-crystal, and the act of drinking water.
प्रेत्य भूतात्ययश्चैव देवताभ्युपयाचनम् ।
मृते कर्मनिवृत्तिश्च प्रमाणमिति निश्चयः ॥२९॥
29. pretya bhūtātyayaścaiva devatābhyupayācanam ,
mṛte karmanivṛttiśca pramāṇamiti niścayaḥ.
29. pretya bhūtātyayaḥ ca eva devatābhyupayācanam
mṛte karmanivṛttiḥ ca pramāṇam iti niścayaḥ
29. pretya bhūtātyayaḥ ca eva devatābhyupayācanam
mṛte karmanivṛttiḥ ca pramāṇam iti niścayaḥ
29. The dissolution of beings after death, and indeed the propitiation of deities, and also the cessation of actions (karma) upon death - such is determined to be valid knowledge (pramāṇa).
न त्वेते हेतवः सन्ति ये केचिन्मूर्तिसंस्थिताः ।
अमर्त्यस्य हि मर्त्येन सामान्यं नोपपद्यते ॥३०॥
30. na tvete hetavaḥ santi ye kecinmūrtisaṁsthitāḥ ,
amartyasya hi martyena sāmānyaṁ nopapadyate.
30. na tu ete hetavaḥ santi ye kecit mūrtisaṃsthitāḥ
amartyasya hi martyena sāmānyam na upapadyate
30. na tu ete hetavaḥ ye kecit mūrtisaṃsthitāḥ santi
hi amartyasya martyena sāmānyam na upapadyate
30. But these causes, some of which are rooted in bodily form, do not exist. Indeed, there is no commonality between the immortal and the mortal.
अविद्याकर्मचेष्टानां केचिदाहुः पुनर्भवम् ।
कारणं लोभमोहौ तु दोषाणां च निषेवणम् ॥३१॥
31. avidyākarmaceṣṭānāṁ kecidāhuḥ punarbhavam ,
kāraṇaṁ lobhamohau tu doṣāṇāṁ ca niṣevaṇam.
31. avidyākarmaceṣṭānām kecit āhuḥ punarbhavam
kāraṇam lobhamohau tu doṣāṇām ca niṣevaṇam
31. kecit āhuḥ punarbhavam kāraṇam avidyākarmaceṣṭānām
tu lobhamohau ca doṣāṇām niṣevaṇam
31. Some assert that rebirth is the cause of activities driven by ignorance (avidyā) and (past) actions (karma). However, greed and delusion are indeed the cause of flaws, as is their indulgence.
अविद्यां क्षेत्रमाहुर्हि कर्म बीजं तथा कृतम् ।
तृष्णासंजननं स्नेह एष तेषां पुनर्भवः ॥३२॥
32. avidyāṁ kṣetramāhurhi karma bījaṁ tathā kṛtam ,
tṛṣṇāsaṁjananaṁ sneha eṣa teṣāṁ punarbhavaḥ.
32. avidyām kṣetram āhuḥ hi karma bījam tathā kṛtam
tṛṣṇāsaṃjananam snehaḥ eṣaḥ teṣām punarbhavaḥ
32. avidyām hi kṣetram āhuḥ tathā kṛtam karma bījam
snehaḥ tṛṣṇāsaṃjananam eṣaḥ teṣām punarbhavaḥ
32. Ignorance (avidyā) is indeed called the field, and the action (karma) thus performed is the seed. Attachment (sneha) is what generates craving (tṛṣṇā). This is their rebirth (punarbhava).
तस्मिन्व्यूढे च दग्धे च चित्ते मरणधर्मिणि ।
अन्योऽन्याज्जायते देहस्तमाहुः सत्त्वसंक्षयम् ॥३३॥
33. tasminvyūḍhe ca dagdhe ca citte maraṇadharmiṇi ,
anyo'nyājjāyate dehastamāhuḥ sattvasaṁkṣayam.
33. tasmin vyūḍhe ca dagdhe ca citte maraṇadharmiṇi
anyaḥ anyāt jāyate dehaḥ tam āhuḥ sattvasaṃkṣayam
33. tasmin maraṇadharmiṇi citte vyūḍhe ca dagdhe ca (sati),
anyāt anyaḥ dehaḥ jāyate tam sattvasaṃkṣayam āhuḥ
33. When that mind (citta), which is subject to death, is dispersed and burned, a body is born from another. They call this (process) the destruction of beings (sattvasaṃkṣayam).
यदा स रूपतश्चान्यो जातितः श्रुतितोऽर्थतः ।
कथमस्मिन्स इत्येव संबन्धः स्यादसंहितः ॥३४॥
34. yadā sa rūpataścānyo jātitaḥ śrutito'rthataḥ ,
kathamasminsa ityeva saṁbandhaḥ syādasaṁhitaḥ.
34. yadā saḥ rūpataḥ ca anyaḥ jātitaḥ śrutitaḥ arthataḥ
katham asmin saḥ iti eva saṃbandhaḥ syāt asaṃhitaḥ
34. yadā saḥ rūpataḥ ca jātitaḥ ca śrutitaḥ ca arthataḥ ca anyaḥ (bhavati),
katham asmin saḥ iti eva asaṃhitaḥ saṃbandhaḥ syāt?
34. When he is indeed different by form, by birth, by learning, and by purpose, how can there be such a disjointed connection as "he (is) in this"?
एवं सति च का प्रीतिर्दानविद्यातपोबलैः ।
यदन्याचरितं कर्म सर्वमन्यः प्रपद्यते ॥३५॥
35. evaṁ sati ca kā prītirdānavidyātapobalaiḥ ,
yadanyācaritaṁ karma sarvamanyaḥ prapadyate.
35. evam sati ca kā prītiḥ dānavidyātapobalaih
yat anyācaritam karma sarvam anyaḥ prapadyate
35. evam sati ca (satyaḥ),
dāna-vidyā-tapaḥ-balaiḥ kā prītiḥ? yat anyācaritam sarvam karma anyaḥ prapadyate.
35. And this being the case, what joy is there in the strengths derived from charity (dāna), knowledge (vidyā), and austerity (tapas)? Because all action (karma) performed by one is experienced by another.
यदा ह्ययमिहैवान्यैः प्राकृतैर्दुःखितो भवेत् ।
सुखितैर्दुःखितैर्वापि दृश्योऽप्यस्य विनिर्णयः ॥३६॥
36. yadā hyayamihaivānyaiḥ prākṛtairduḥkhito bhavet ,
sukhitairduḥkhitairvāpi dṛśyo'pyasya vinirṇayaḥ.
36. yadā hi ayam iha eva anyaiḥ prākṛtaiḥ duḥkhitaḥ bhavet
| sukhitaiḥ duḥkhitaiḥ vā api dṛśyaḥ api asya vinirṇayaḥ
36. hi yadā ayam iha eva anyaiḥ prākṛtaiḥ duḥkhitaḥ bhavet,
vā api sukhitaiḥ duḥkhitaiḥ [ca],
asya vinirṇayaḥ api dṛśyaḥ.
36. Indeed, when a person here in this world becomes distressed by other ordinary beings - whether those beings are happy or distressed themselves - the discernment of this (situation) is also evident.
तथा हि मुसलैर्हन्युः शरीरं तत्पुनर्भवेत् ।
पृथग्ज्ञानं यदन्यच्च येनैतन्नोपलभ्यते ॥३७॥
37. tathā hi musalairhanyuḥ śarīraṁ tatpunarbhavet ,
pṛthagjñānaṁ yadanyacca yenaitannopalabhyate.
37. tathā hi musalaiḥ hanyuḥ śarīram tat punaḥ bhavet |
pṛthak jñānam yat anyat ca yena etat na upalabhyate
37. tathā hi musalaiḥ śarīram hanyuḥ,
tat punaḥ bhavet [ca].
yat pṛthak anyat ca jñānam [asti],
yena etat na upalabhyate.
37. Similarly, they may indeed strike the body with maces, and that body may be born again. But there is a distinct and different knowledge (jñāna) by which this (body or its repeated destruction and rebirth) is not truly apprehended.
ऋतुः संवत्सरस्तिथ्यः शीतोष्णे च प्रियाप्रिये ।
यथातीतानि पश्यन्ति तादृशः सत्त्वसंक्षयः ॥३८॥
38. ṛtuḥ saṁvatsarastithyaḥ śītoṣṇe ca priyāpriye ,
yathātītāni paśyanti tādṛśaḥ sattvasaṁkṣayaḥ.
38. ṛtuḥ saṃvatsaraḥ tithyaḥ śītoṣṇe ca priyāpriye
| yathā atītāni paśyanti tādṛśaḥ sattvasaṃkṣayaḥ
38. ṛtuḥ saṃvatsaraḥ tithyaḥ,
ca śītoṣṇe,
priyāpriye [ca] (vartiṣṭhe).
yathā atītāni paśyanti,
tādṛśaḥ sattvasaṃkṣayaḥ [api asti].
38. Seasons, years, lunar days, cold and heat, and pleasant and unpleasant experiences - just as these are observed to pass, such is the inevitable decay of beings (sattva).
जरया हि परीतस्य मृत्युना वा विनाशिना ।
दुर्बलं दुर्बलं पूर्वं गृहस्येव विनश्यति ॥३९॥
39. jarayā hi parītasya mṛtyunā vā vināśinā ,
durbalaṁ durbalaṁ pūrvaṁ gṛhasyeva vinaśyati.
39. jarayā hi parītasya mṛtyunā vā vināśinā |
durbalam durbalam pūrvam gṛhasya iva vinaśyati
39. hi jarayā vā vināśinā mṛtyunā parītasya (narasyā),
pūrvam durbalam durbalam [bhavati,
tataḥ] gṛhasya iva [śarīram] vinaśyati.
39. Indeed, for one who is overcome by old age or by destructive death, (the body) gradually becomes weaker and weaker at first, and then perishes, just like a house.
इन्द्रियाणि मनो वायुः शोणितं मांसमस्थि च ।
आनुपूर्व्या विनश्यन्ति स्वं धातुमुपयान्ति च ॥४०॥
40. indriyāṇi mano vāyuḥ śoṇitaṁ māṁsamasthi ca ,
ānupūrvyā vinaśyanti svaṁ dhātumupayānti ca.
40. indriyāṇi manaḥ vāyuḥ śoṇitam māṃsam asthi ca
| ānupūrvyā vinaśyanti svam dhātum upayānti ca
40. indriyāṇi manaḥ vāyuḥ śoṇitam māṃsam asthi ca
ānupūrvyā vinaśyanti svam dhātum ca upayānti
40. The senses, mind, vital air, blood, flesh, and bone, in due order, perish and return to their own fundamental elements.
लोकयात्राविधानं च दानधर्मफलागमः ।
यदर्थं वेदशब्दाश्च व्यवहाराश्च लौकिकाः ॥४१॥
41. lokayātrāvidhānaṁ ca dānadharmaphalāgamaḥ ,
yadarthaṁ vedaśabdāśca vyavahārāśca laukikāḥ.
41. lokayātrāvidhānam ca dānadharmaphalāgamaḥ |
yat artham vedaśabdāḥ ca vyavahārāḥ ca laukikāḥ
41. lokayātrāvidhānam ca dānadharmaphalāgamaḥ yat
artham vedaśabdāḥ ca laukikāḥ vyavahārāḥ ca
41. The regulation of worldly life and the attainment of the fruits of righteous giving (dāna) - for the sake of which are the teachings of the Vedas and worldly customs.
इति सम्यङ्मनस्येते बहवः सन्ति हेतवः ।
एतदस्तीदमस्तीति न किंचित्प्रतिपद्यते ॥४२॥
42. iti samyaṅmanasyete bahavaḥ santi hetavaḥ ,
etadastīdamastīti na kiṁcitpratipadyate.
42. iti samyak manasi ete bahavaḥ santi hetavaḥ |
etat asti idam asti iti na kiñcit pratipadyate
42. iti ete bahavaḥ hetavaḥ manasi samyak santi etat
asti idam asti iti ca na kiñcit pratipadyate
42. Thus, many such reasons exist properly in the mind. However, (by merely thinking) "this exists, this exists," one does not truly comprehend anything.
तेषां विमृशतामेवं तत्तत्समभिधावताम् ।
क्वचिन्निविशते बुद्धिस्तत्र जीर्यति वृक्षवत् ॥४३॥
43. teṣāṁ vimṛśatāmevaṁ tattatsamabhidhāvatām ,
kvacinniviśate buddhistatra jīryati vṛkṣavat.
43. teṣām vimṛśatām evam tat tat samabhidhāvatām |
kvacit niviśate buddhiḥ tatra jīryati vṛkṣavat
43. evam teṣām vimṛśatām tat tat samabhidhāvatām
buddhiḥ kvacit niviśate tatra vṛkṣavat jīryati
43. Among those who reflect in this manner, constantly pursuing various (concepts), the intellect becomes fixated somewhere, and there it withers like a tree.
एवमर्थैरनर्थैश्च दुःखिताः सर्वजन्तवः ।
आगमैरपकृष्यन्ते हस्तिपैर्हस्तिनो यथा ॥४४॥
44. evamarthairanarthaiśca duḥkhitāḥ sarvajantavaḥ ,
āgamairapakṛṣyante hastipairhastino yathā.
44. evam arthaiḥ anarthaiḥ ca duḥkhitāḥ sarvajantavaḥ
āgamaiḥ apakṛṣyante hastipaiḥ hastinaḥ yathā
44. sarvajantavaḥ evam arthaiḥ ca anarthaiḥ duḥkhitāḥ
āgamaiḥ apakṛṣyante yathā hastipaiḥ hastinaḥ
44. Thus, tormented by both desirable and undesirable things, all living beings are dragged away by various attractions, just as elephants are pulled by mahouts.
अर्थांस्तथात्यन्तसुखावहांश्च लिप्सन्त एते बहवो विशुल्काः ।
महत्तरं दुःखमभिप्रपन्ना हित्वामिषं मृत्युवशं प्रयान्ति ॥४५॥
45. arthāṁstathātyantasukhāvahāṁśca; lipsanta ete bahavo viśulkāḥ ,
mahattaraṁ duḥkhamabhiprapannā; hitvāmiṣaṁ mṛtyuvaśaṁ prayānti.
45. arthān tathā atyantasukhāvahān ca
lipsantaḥ ete bahavaḥ viśulkāḥ
mahattaram duḥkham abhiprapannāḥ
hitvā āmiṣam mṛtyuvaśam prayānti
45. ete bahavaḥ viśulkāḥ arthān tathā
atyantasukhāvahān ca lipsantaḥ
mahattaram duḥkham abhiprapannāḥ
āmiṣam hitvā mṛtyuvaśam prayānti
45. Many of these, though initially carefree, desire objects that bring extreme happiness. They subsequently attain greater suffering, and giving up their very lives (their flesh), they fall under the sway of death.
विनाशिनो ह्यध्रुवजीवितस्य किं बन्धुभिर्मित्रपरिग्रहैश्च ।
विहाय यो गच्छति सर्वमेव क्षणेन गत्वा न निवर्तते च ॥४६॥
46. vināśino hyadhruvajīvitasya; kiṁ bandhubhirmitraparigrahaiśca ,
vihāya yo gacchati sarvameva; kṣaṇena gatvā na nivartate ca.
46. vināśinaḥ hi adhruvājīvitasya
kim bandhubhiḥ mitraparigrahaiḥ
ca vihāya yaḥ gacchati sarvam
eva kṣaṇena gatvā na nivartate ca
46. hi vināśinaḥ adhruvājīvitasya
bandhubhiḥ ca mitraparigrahaiḥ
kim yaḥ sarvam eva vihāya gacchati
kṣaṇena gatvā ca na nivartate
46. Indeed, what is the use of relatives and circles of friends for one whose life is perishable and impermanent? For whoever departs, having abandoned everything, having gone in an instant, never returns.
भूव्योमतोयानलवायवो हि सदा शरीरं परिपालयन्ति ।
इतीदमालक्ष्य कुतो रतिर्भवेद्विनाशिनो ह्यस्य न शर्म विद्यते ॥४७॥
47. bhūvyomatoyānalavāyavo hi; sadā śarīraṁ paripālayanti ,
itīdamālakṣya kuto ratirbhave;dvināśino hyasya na śarma vidyate.
47. bhū vyoma toya anala vāyavaḥ hi
sadā śarīram paripālayanti iti
idam ālakṣya kutaḥ ratiḥ bhavet
vināśinaḥ hi asya na śarma vidyate
47. hi bhū vyoma toya anala vāyavaḥ
sadā śarīram paripālayanti iti
idam ālakṣya vināśinaḥ asya kutaḥ
ratiḥ bhavet hi na śarma vidyate
47. Indeed, the elements of earth, sky, water, fire, and air constantly sustain the body. Having thus observed this, how can there be any attachment or delight in this perishable (body)? For indeed, no true comfort exists for it.
इदमनुपधि वाक्यमच्छलं परमनिरामयमात्मसाक्षिकम् ।
नरपतिरभिवीक्ष्य विस्मितः पुनरनुयोक्तुमिदं प्रचक्रमे ॥४८॥
48. idamanupadhi vākyamacchalaṁ; paramanirāmayamātmasākṣikam ,
narapatirabhivīkṣya vismitaḥ; punaranuyoktumidaṁ pracakrame.
48. idam anupadhi vākyam acchalam paramanirāmayam ātmasākṣikam
narapatiḥ abhivīkṣya vismitaḥ punaḥ anuyoktum idam pracakrame
48. narapatiḥ vismitaḥ idam anupadhi acchalam paramanirāmayam
ātmasākṣikam vākyam abhivīkṣya punaḥ idam anuyoktum pracakrame
48. Having observed this statement - which was sincere, honest, supremely flawless, and self-attested - the king was astonished and again began to inquire about it.