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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-47

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भीष्म उवाच ।
कलांशास्तात युज्यन्ते मुहूर्ताश्च दिनानि च ।
अर्धमासाश्च मासाश्च नक्षत्राणि ग्रहास्तथा ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kalāṁśāstāta yujyante muhūrtāśca dināni ca ,
ardhamāsāśca māsāśca nakṣatrāṇi grahāstathā.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kalāṃśāḥ tāta yujyante muhūrtāḥ ca dināni
ca ardhamāsāḥ ca māsāḥ ca nakṣatrāṇi grahāḥ tathā
1. Bhīṣma said: 'My dear one, kalā-portions (fractions of time), muhūrtas (units of 48 minutes), days, half-months, months, constellations, and planets are all reckoned together.'
ऋतवश्चापि युज्यन्ते तथा संवत्सरा अपि ।
एवं कालविभागेन कालचक्रं प्रवर्तते ॥२॥
2. ṛtavaścāpi yujyante tathā saṁvatsarā api ,
evaṁ kālavibhāgena kālacakraṁ pravartate.
2. ṛtavaḥ ca api yujyante tathā saṃvatsarāḥ
api evam kālavibhāgena kālacakram pravartate
2. The seasons are connected, and so too are the years. In this way, through the division of time, the wheel of time (kālacakra) revolves.
तेषां कालातिरेकेण ज्योतिषां च व्यतिक्रमात् ।
पञ्चमे पञ्चमे वर्षे द्वौ मासावुपजायतः ॥३॥
3. teṣāṁ kālātirekeṇa jyotiṣāṁ ca vyatikramāt ,
pañcame pañcame varṣe dvau māsāvupajāyataḥ.
3. teṣām kālātirekeṇa jyotiṣām ca vyatikramāt
pañcame pañcame varṣe dvau māsau upajāyataḥ
3. Due to the accumulation of time and the deviation of the luminaries (jyotiṣām) from their usual course, two months are produced in every fifth year.
तेषामभ्यधिका मासाः पञ्च द्वादश च क्षपाः ।
त्रयोदशानां वर्षाणामिति मे वर्तते मतिः ॥४॥
4. teṣāmabhyadhikā māsāḥ pañca dvādaśa ca kṣapāḥ ,
trayodaśānāṁ varṣāṇāmiti me vartate matiḥ.
4. teṣām abhyadhikā māsāḥ pañca dvādaśa ca kṣapāḥ
trayodaśānām varṣāṇām iti me vartate matiḥ
4. Regarding these [cycles], there are five months and twelve additional nights over a period of thirteen years. This is my understanding (mati).
सर्वं यथावच्चरितं यद्यदेभिः परिश्रुतम् ।
एवमेतद्ध्रुवं ज्ञात्वा ततो बीभत्सुरागतः ॥५॥
5. sarvaṁ yathāvaccaritaṁ yadyadebhiḥ pariśrutam ,
evametaddhruvaṁ jñātvā tato bībhatsurāgataḥ.
5. sarvam yathāvat caritam yat yat ebhiḥ pariśrutam
evam etat dhruvam jñātvā tataḥ bībhatsuḥ āgataḥ
5. Whatever was thoroughly understood by these means, all of it (the calendrical divisions) proceeded accurately. Thus, having known this to be certain, Bibhatsu (Arjuna) then arrived.
सर्वे चैव महात्मानः सर्वे धर्मार्थकोविदाः ।
येषां युधिष्ठिरो राजा कस्माद्धर्मेऽपराध्नुयुः ॥६॥
6. sarve caiva mahātmānaḥ sarve dharmārthakovidāḥ ,
yeṣāṁ yudhiṣṭhiro rājā kasmāddharme'parādhnuyuḥ.
6. sarve ca eva mahātmānaḥ sarve dharmārthakovīdāḥ
yeṣām yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā kasmāt dharme aparādhnuyuḥ
6. All of them are indeed great-souled individuals, and all are experts in matters of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha). With Yudhishthira as their king, why would they ever transgress the natural law (dharma)?
अलुब्धाश्चैव कौन्तेयाः कृतवन्तश्च दुष्करम् ।
न चापि केवलं राज्यमिच्छेयुस्तेऽनुपायतः ॥७॥
7. alubdhāścaiva kaunteyāḥ kṛtavantaśca duṣkaram ,
na cāpi kevalaṁ rājyamiccheyuste'nupāyataḥ.
7. alubdhāḥ ca eva kaunteyāḥ kṛtavantaḥ ca duṣkaram
na ca api kevalam rājyam iccheyuḥ te anupāyataḥ
7. The sons of Kunti (Kaunteyas) are certainly not greedy, and they have performed incredibly difficult deeds. Furthermore, they would not desire merely a kingdom obtained through improper means.
तदैव ते हि विक्रान्तुमीषुः कौरवनन्दनाः ।
धर्मपाशनिबद्धास्तु न चेलुः क्षत्रियव्रतात् ॥८॥
8. tadaiva te hi vikrāntumīṣuḥ kauravanandanāḥ ,
dharmapāśanibaddhāstu na celuḥ kṣatriyavratāt.
8. tadā eva te hi vikrāntum īṣuḥ kurunandanāḥ
dharmapāśanibaddhāḥ tu na celuḥ kṣatriyavratāt
8. At that very moment, the delight of the Kurus (Kauravanandanāḥ) indeed desired to display their prowess. Yet, bound by the fetters of natural law (dharma), they did not deviate from the warrior's (kṣatriya) vow.
यच्चानृत इति ख्यायेद्यच्च गच्छेत्पराभवम् ।
वृणुयुर्मरणं पार्था नानृतत्वं कथंचन ॥९॥
9. yaccānṛta iti khyāyedyacca gacchetparābhavam ,
vṛṇuyurmaraṇaṁ pārthā nānṛtatvaṁ kathaṁcana.
9. yat ca anṛtam iti khyāyet yat ca gacchet parābhavam
vṛṇuyuḥ maraṇam pārthāḥ na anṛtatvam kathaṃcana
9. And whatever would be known as untrue, or whatever would lead to disgrace, the sons of Pritha (Pārthas) would choose death, but never falsehood (anṛtatva) under any circumstances.
प्राप्ते तु काले प्राप्तव्यं नोत्सृजेयुर्नरर्षभाः ।
अपि वज्रभृता गुप्तं तथावीर्या हि पाण्डवाः ॥१०॥
10. prāpte tu kāle prāptavyaṁ notsṛjeyurnararṣabhāḥ ,
api vajrabhṛtā guptaṁ tathāvīryā hi pāṇḍavāḥ.
10. prāpte tu kāle prāptavyam na utsṛjeyuḥ nararṣabhāḥ
api vajrabhṛtā guptam tathāvīryāḥ hi pāṇḍavāḥ
10. Indeed, the Pandavas, these foremost among men, possess such prowess that when the opportune moment arrives, they would not relinquish what is to be gained, even if it were protected by Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt.
प्रतियुध्याम समरे सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वरम् ।
तस्माद्यदत्र कल्याणं लोके सद्भिरनुष्ठितम् ।
तत्संविधीयतां क्षिप्रं मा नो ह्यर्थोऽतिगात्परान् ॥११॥
11. pratiyudhyāma samare sarvaśastrabhṛtāṁ varam ,
tasmādyadatra kalyāṇaṁ loke sadbhiranuṣṭhitam ,
tatsaṁvidhīyatāṁ kṣipraṁ mā no hyartho'tigātparān.
11. pratiyudhyāma samare sarvaśastrabhṛtām
varam tasmāt yat atra kalyāṇam loke
sadbhiḥ anuṣṭhitam tat saṃvidhīyatām
kṣipram mā naḥ hi arthaḥ atigāt parān
11. Let us engage in battle against the foremost among all weapon-wielders. Therefore, whatever course of action is auspicious here and is followed by the righteous in the world, let that be swiftly implemented. May our objective not pass into the hands of our enemies.
न हि पश्यामि संग्रामे कदाचिदपि कौरव ।
एकान्तसिद्धिं राजेन्द्र संप्राप्तश्च धनंजयः ॥१२॥
12. na hi paśyāmi saṁgrāme kadācidapi kaurava ,
ekāntasiddhiṁ rājendra saṁprāptaśca dhanaṁjayaḥ.
12. na hi paśyāmi saṃgrāme kadācit api kaurava
ekāntasiddhim rājendra samprāptaḥ ca dhanañjayaḥ
12. Indeed, O scion of Kuru, O king of kings, I never perceive absolute success in battle, especially now that Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) has arrived.
संप्रवृत्ते तु संग्रामे भावाभावौ जयाजयौ ।
अवश्यमेकं स्पृशतो दृष्टमेतदसंशयम् ॥१३॥
13. saṁpravṛtte tu saṁgrāme bhāvābhāvau jayājayau ,
avaśyamekaṁ spṛśato dṛṣṭametadasaṁśayam.
13. sampravṛtte tu saṃgrāme bhāvābhāvau jayājayau
avaśyam ekam spṛśataḥ dṛṣṭam etat asaṃśayam
13. Indeed, once a battle has fully commenced, the dualities of life and death, and victory and defeat, will inevitably pertain to one side. This is observed beyond a doubt.
तस्माद्युद्धावचरिकं कर्म वा धर्मसंहितम् ।
क्रियतामाशु राजेन्द्र संप्राप्तो हि धनंजयः ॥१४॥
14. tasmādyuddhāvacarikaṁ karma vā dharmasaṁhitam ,
kriyatāmāśu rājendra saṁprāpto hi dhanaṁjayaḥ.
14. tasmāt yuddha-avacarikam karma vā dharma-saṃhitam
kriyatām āśu rājendra saṃprāptaḥ hi dhanañjayaḥ
14. Therefore, O king of kings (rājendra), let an action related to battle, or one consistent with natural law (dharma), be undertaken quickly, for Arjuna has indeed arrived.
दुर्योधन उवाच ।
नाहं राज्यं प्रदास्यामि पाण्डवानां पितामह ।
युद्धावचारिकं यत्तु तच्छीघ्रं संविधीयताम् ॥१५॥
15. duryodhana uvāca ,
nāhaṁ rājyaṁ pradāsyāmi pāṇḍavānāṁ pitāmaha ,
yuddhāvacārikaṁ yattu tacchīghraṁ saṁvidhīyatām.
15. duryodhana uvāca na aham rājyam pradāsyāmi pāṇḍavānām
pitāmaha yuddha-avacārikam yat tu tat śīghram saṃvidhīyatām
15. Duryodhana said: 'O grandfather, I will not give the kingdom to the Pāṇḍavas. As for what is related to battle, let that be quickly prepared.'
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्र या मामकी बुद्धिः श्रूयतां यदि रोचते ।
क्षिप्रं बलचतुर्भागं गृह्य गच्छ पुरं प्रति ।
ततोऽपरश्चतुर्भागो गाः समादाय गच्छतु ॥१६॥
16. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atra yā māmakī buddhiḥ śrūyatāṁ yadi rocate ,
kṣipraṁ balacaturbhāgaṁ gṛhya gaccha puraṁ prati ,
tato'paraścaturbhāgo gāḥ samādāya gacchatu.
16. bhīṣma uvāca atra yā māmakī buddhiḥ
śrūyatām yadi rocate kṣipram bala-catur-bhāgam
gṛhya gaccha puram prati tataḥ
aparaḥ catur-bhāgaḥ gāḥ samādāya gacchatu
16. Bhīṣma said: 'Listen to my advice on this matter, if it is agreeable to you. Quickly take a quarter of the army and proceed towards the city. Then, let another quarter of the army depart, taking the cows.'
वयं त्वर्धेन सैन्येन प्रतियोत्स्याम पाण्डवम् ।
मत्स्यं वा पुनरायातमथ वापि शतक्रतुम् ॥१७॥
17. vayaṁ tvardhena sainyena pratiyotsyāma pāṇḍavam ,
matsyaṁ vā punarāyātamatha vāpi śatakratum.
17. vayam tu ardhena sainyena pratiyotsyāma pāṇḍavam
matsyam vā punaḥ āyātam atha vā api śatakratum
17. vayaṃ tu ardhena sainyena pāṇḍavam pratiyotsyāma
vā punaḥ āyātam matsyam vā api atha śatakratum
17. We, however, will fight against the Pandava with just half our army, whether it be Matsya (the king of Virata) returned, or even Indra himself (Śatakratu).
आचार्यो मध्यतस्तिष्ठत्वश्वत्थामा तु सव्यतः ।
कृपः शारद्वतो धीमान्पार्श्वं रक्षतु दक्षिणम् ॥१८॥
18. ācāryo madhyatastiṣṭhatvaśvatthāmā tu savyataḥ ,
kṛpaḥ śāradvato dhīmānpārśvaṁ rakṣatu dakṣiṇam.
18. ācāryaḥ madhyataḥ tiṣṭhatu aśvatthāmā tu savyataḥ
| kṛpaḥ śāradvataḥ dhīmān pārśvam rakṣatu dakṣiṇam
18. Let the preceptor (Ācārya) stand in the middle, and Ashvatthama on the left. Let the wise Kripa, son of Sharadvat, protect the right flank.
अग्रतः सूतपुत्रस्तु कर्णस्तिष्ठतु दंशितः ।
अहं सर्वस्य सैन्यस्य पश्चात्स्थास्यामि पालयन् ॥१९॥
19. agrataḥ sūtaputrastu karṇastiṣṭhatu daṁśitaḥ ,
ahaṁ sarvasya sainyasya paścātsthāsyāmi pālayan.
19. agrataḥ sūtaputraḥ tu karṇaḥ tiṣṭhatu daṃśitaḥ |
aham sarvasya sainyasya paścāt sthāsyāmi pālayan
19. Let Karna, the son of Suta, stand fully armored in the front. I will stand behind the entire army, protecting it.