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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-58

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यानीमानि बहिर्वेद्यां दानानि परिचक्षते ।
तेभ्यो विशिष्टं किं दानं मतं ते कुरुपुंगव ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yānīmāni bahirvedyāṁ dānāni paricakṣate ,
tebhyo viśiṣṭaṁ kiṁ dānaṁ mataṁ te kurupuṁgava.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | yāni imāni bahiḥ vedyām dānāni
paricakṣate | tebhyaḥ viśiṣṭam kim dānam matam te kurupuṃgava
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he kurupuṃgava,
imāni yāni dānāni vedyām bahiḥ paricakṣate,
tebhyaḥ kim viśiṣṭam dānam te matam
1. Yudhishthira said: "O best among the Kurus (Bhishma), among these charities (dāna) that are spoken of as being performed outside the (Vedic ritual) altar, what kind of charity is considered by you to be superior?"
कौतूहलं हि परमं तत्र मे वर्तते प्रभो ।
दातारं दत्तमन्वेति यद्दानं तत्प्रचक्ष्व मे ॥२॥
2. kautūhalaṁ hi paramaṁ tatra me vartate prabho ,
dātāraṁ dattamanveti yaddānaṁ tatpracakṣva me.
2. kautūhalam hi paramam tatra me vartate prabho
dātāram dattam anveti yat dānam tat pracakṣva me
2. prabho me tatra paramam kautūhalam hi vartate
yat dānam dātāram dattam anveti tat me pracakṣva
2. O Lord, I have great curiosity about that. Please explain to me what kind of offering (dāna) is such that the given item truly follows the giver.
भीष्म उवाच ।
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो व्यसने चाप्यनुग्रहम् ।
यच्चाभिलषितं दद्यात्तृषितायाभियाचते ॥३॥
3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
abhayaṁ sarvabhūtebhyo vyasane cāpyanugraham ,
yaccābhilaṣitaṁ dadyāttṛṣitāyābhiyācate.
3. bhīṣma uvāca abhayam sarvabhūtebhyaḥ vyasane ca api
anugraham yat ca abhilaṣitam dadyāt tṛṣitāya abhiyācate
3. bhīṣma uvāca sarvabhūtebhyaḥ abhayam vyasane ca api
anugraham tṛṣitāya abhiyācate ca yat abhilaṣitam dadyāt
3. Bhishma said: "One should grant safety to all beings, and also compassion in times of distress, and give whatever is desired to a thirsty petitioner."
दत्तं मन्येत यद्दत्त्वा तद्दानं श्रेष्ठमुच्यते ।
दत्तं दातारमन्वेति यद्दानं भरतर्षभ ॥४॥
4. dattaṁ manyeta yaddattvā taddānaṁ śreṣṭhamucyate ,
dattaṁ dātāramanveti yaddānaṁ bharatarṣabha.
4. dattam manyeta yat dattvā tat dānam śreṣṭham ucyate
dattam dātāram anveti yat dānam bharatarṣabha
4. yat dattvā dattam manyeta tat dānam śreṣṭham ucyate
bharatarṣabha yat dānam dattam dātāram anveti
4. That offering (dāna), by giving which one feels it has been truly given, is declared to be the most excellent. O best of Bharatas, that is the offering (dāna) where the given item accompanies the giver.
हिरण्यदानं गोदानं पृथिवीदानमेव च ।
एतानि वै पवित्राणि तारयन्त्यपि दुष्कृतम् ॥५॥
5. hiraṇyadānaṁ godānaṁ pṛthivīdānameva ca ,
etāni vai pavitrāṇi tārayantyapi duṣkṛtam.
5. hiraṇyadānam godānam pṛthivīdānam eva ca
etāni vai pavitrāṇi tārayanti api duṣkṛtam
5. hiraṇyadānam godānam pṛthivīdānam eva ca
vai etāni pavitrāṇi api duṣkṛtam tārayanti
5. The giving (dāna) of gold, the giving (dāna) of cows, and also the giving (dāna) of land – these are indeed purifiers, and they even redeem one from misdeeds.
एतानि पुरुषव्याघ्र साधुभ्यो देहि नित्यदा ।
दानानि हि नरं पापान्मोक्षयन्ति न संशयः ॥६॥
6. etāni puruṣavyāghra sādhubhyo dehi nityadā ,
dānāni hi naraṁ pāpānmokṣayanti na saṁśayaḥ.
6. etāni puruṣavyāghra sādhubhyaḥ dehi nityadā
dānāni hi naram pāpān mokṣayanti na saṃśayaḥ
6. O tiger among men, always bestow these gifts upon the virtuous. For, without doubt, acts of giving (dāna) indeed liberate a person from their sins.
यद्यदिष्टतमं लोके यच्चास्य दयितं गृहे ।
तत्तद्गुणवते देयं तदेवाक्षयमिच्छता ॥७॥
7. yadyadiṣṭatamaṁ loke yaccāsya dayitaṁ gṛhe ,
tattadguṇavate deyaṁ tadevākṣayamicchatā.
7. yat yat iṣṭatamam loke yat ca asya dayitam gṛhe
tat tat guṇavate deyam tat eva akṣayam icchatā
7. Whatever is most cherished in the world, and whatever is dear to oneself in one's home, that very thing should be given to a meritorious person by one who desires an imperishable reward.
प्रियाणि लभते लोके प्रियदः प्रियकृत्तथा ।
प्रियो भवति भूतानामिह चैव परत्र च ॥८॥
8. priyāṇi labhate loke priyadaḥ priyakṛttathā ,
priyo bhavati bhūtānāmiha caiva paratra ca.
8. priyāṇi labhate loke priyadaḥ priyakṛt tathā
priyaḥ bhavati bhūtānām iha ca eva paratra ca
8. One who gives pleasant things and one who does pleasant deeds similarly obtains pleasant things in this world. Indeed, such a person becomes dear to all beings, both in this world and in the next.
याचमानमभीमानादाशावन्तमकिंचनम् ।
यो नार्चति यथाशक्ति स नृशंसो युधिष्ठिर ॥९॥
9. yācamānamabhīmānādāśāvantamakiṁcanam ,
yo nārcati yathāśakti sa nṛśaṁso yudhiṣṭhira.
9. yācamānam abhīmānāt āśāvantam akiṃcanam yaḥ
na arcati yathāśakti saḥ nṛśaṃsaḥ yudhiṣṭhira
9. O Yudhiṣṭhira, that person is truly cruel who, out of arrogance, does not honor a supplicant - one who is hopeful and destitute - even according to their own ability.
अमित्रमपि चेद्दीनं शरणैषिणमागतम् ।
व्यसने योऽनुगृह्णाति स वै पुरुषसत्तमः ॥१०॥
10. amitramapi ceddīnaṁ śaraṇaiṣiṇamāgatam ,
vyasane yo'nugṛhṇāti sa vai puruṣasattamaḥ.
10. amitram api cet dīnam śaraṇaiṣiṇam āgatam
vyasane yaḥ anugṛhṇāti sa vai puruṣasattamaḥ
10. yaḥ amitram api cet dīnam śaraṇaiṣiṇam āgatam
vyasane anugṛhṇāti sa vai puruṣasattamaḥ
10. Indeed, that person who helps even a distressed enemy who has come seeking refuge during a time of misfortune is the best among men.
कृशाय ह्रीमते तात वृत्तिक्षीणाय सीदते ।
अपहन्यात्क्षुधं यस्तु न तेन पुरुषः समः ॥११॥
11. kṛśāya hrīmate tāta vṛttikṣīṇāya sīdate ,
apahanyātkṣudhaṁ yastu na tena puruṣaḥ samaḥ.
11. kṛśāya hrīmate tāta vṛttikṣīṇāya sīdate yaḥ
tu kṣudham apahanyāt na tena puruṣaḥ samaḥ
11. tāta yaḥ kṛśāya hrīmate vṛttikṣīṇāya sīdate
kṣudham apahanyāt tena puruṣaḥ na samaḥ
11. O dear one, there is no man equal to him who would relieve the hunger of a weak, modest individual whose means of livelihood are exhausted and who is suffering.
ह्रिया तु नियतान्साधून्पुत्रदारैश्च कर्शितान् ।
अयाचमानान्कौन्तेय सर्वोपायैर्निमन्त्रय ॥१२॥
12. hriyā tu niyatānsādhūnputradāraiśca karśitān ,
ayācamānānkaunteya sarvopāyairnimantraya.
12. hriyā tu niyatān sādhūn putradāraiḥ ca karśitān
ayācamānān kaunteya sarvopāyaiḥ nimantraya
12. kaunteya tu hriyā niyatān putradāraiḥ ca karśitān
ayācamānān sādhūn sarvopāyaiḥ nimantraya
12. O son of Kuntī, indeed, by all means, invite those virtuous individuals who are restrained by modesty, afflicted by their sons and wives, and who do not beg.
आशिषं ये न देवेषु न मर्त्येषु च कुर्वते ।
अर्हन्तो नित्यसत्त्वस्था यथालब्धोपजीविनः ॥१३॥
13. āśiṣaṁ ye na deveṣu na martyeṣu ca kurvate ,
arhanto nityasattvasthā yathālabdhopajīvinaḥ.
13. āśiṣam ye na deveṣu na martyeṣu ca kurvate
arhantaḥ nityasattvasthāḥ yathālabdhopajīvinaḥ
13. ye arhantaḥ nityasattvasthāḥ yathālabdhopajīvinaḥ
na deveṣu na ca martyeṣu āśiṣam kurvate
13. Those worthy individuals, who are ever-established in a state of pure being (sattva) and live content with whatever they obtain, do not seek blessings or boons from either gods or mortals.
आशीविषसमेभ्यश्च तेभ्यो रक्षस्व भारत ।
तान्युक्तैरुपजिज्ञास्य तथा द्विजवरोत्तमान् ॥१४॥
14. āśīviṣasamebhyaśca tebhyo rakṣasva bhārata ,
tānyuktairupajijñāsya tathā dvijavarottamān.
14. āśīviṣasamebhyaḥ ca tebhyaḥ rakṣasva bhārata
tān yuktaiḥ upajijñāsya tathā dvijavarottamān
14. And protect yourself, O Bhārata, from those who are like venomous serpents. You should investigate them, and likewise the best among the excellent twice-born, through appropriate means.
कृतैरावसथैर्नित्यं सप्रेष्यैः सपरिच्छदैः ।
निमन्त्रयेथाः कौरव्य सर्वकामसुखावहैः ॥१५॥
15. kṛtairāvasathairnityaṁ sapreṣyaiḥ saparicchadaiḥ ,
nimantrayethāḥ kauravya sarvakāmasukhāvahaiḥ.
15. kṛtaiḥ āvasathaiḥ nityam sapreṣyaiḥ saparicchadaiḥ
nimantrayethāḥ kauravya sarvakāmasukhāvahaiḥ
15. O Kauravya, you should constantly extend invitations by means of prepared dwellings, complete with servants and all furnishings, which provide all desired comforts.
यदि ते प्रतिगृह्णीयुः श्रद्धापूतं युधिष्ठिर ।
कार्यमित्येव मन्वाना धार्मिकाः पुण्यकर्मिणः ॥१६॥
16. yadi te pratigṛhṇīyuḥ śraddhāpūtaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
kāryamityeva manvānā dhārmikāḥ puṇyakarmiṇaḥ.
16. yadi te pratigṛhṇīyuḥ śraddhāpūtam yudhiṣṭhira
kāryam iti eva manvānāḥ dhārmikāḥ puṇyakarmiṇaḥ
16. If, O Yudhiṣṭhira, those righteous (dhārmika) individuals, performers of meritorious deeds (puṇyakarma), purified by faith (śraddhā), accept (your offering) considering it simply as a duty.
विद्यास्नाता व्रतस्नाता ये व्यपाश्रित्यजीविनः ।
गूढस्वाध्यायतपसो ब्राह्मणाः संशितव्रताः ॥१७॥
17. vidyāsnātā vratasnātā ye vyapāśrityajīvinaḥ ,
gūḍhasvādhyāyatapaso brāhmaṇāḥ saṁśitavratāḥ.
17. vidyāsnātāḥ vratasnātāḥ ye vyapāśrityajīvinaḥ
gūḍhasvādhyāyatapasaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ saṃśitavratāḥ
17. Those brāhmaṇas who have completed their studies ('bathed in learning') and fulfilled their vows ('bathed in vows'), who live by relying on others, whose sacred study and asceticism (tapas) are kept secret, and whose vows are firm.
तेषु शुद्धेषु दान्तेषु स्वदारनिरतेषु च ।
यत्करिष्यसि कल्याणं तत्त्वा लोकेषु धास्यति ॥१८॥
18. teṣu śuddheṣu dānteṣu svadāranirateṣu ca ,
yatkariṣyasi kalyāṇaṁ tattvā lokeṣu dhāsyati.
18. teṣu śuddheṣu dānteṣu svadāranirateṣu ca yat
kariṣyasi kalyāṇam tat tvā lokeṣu dhāsyati
18. yat kalyāṇam kariṣyasi śuddheṣu dānteṣu svadāranirateṣu ca teṣu,
tat tvā lokeṣu dhāsyati
18. Whatever good deed you perform among those who are pure, self-controlled, and devoted to their own wives, that will sustain you in all worlds.
यथाग्निहोत्रं सुहुतं सायं प्रातर्द्विजातिना ।
तथा भवति दत्तं वै द्विजेभ्योऽथ कृतात्मना ॥१९॥
19. yathāgnihotraṁ suhutaṁ sāyaṁ prātardvijātinā ,
tathā bhavati dattaṁ vai dvijebhyo'tha kṛtātmanā.
19. yathā agnihotram suhutam sāyam prātar dvijātinā
tathā bhavati dattam vai dvijebhyaḥ atha kṛtātmanā
19. yathā dvijātinā sāyam prātar suhutam agnihotram,
tathā kṛtātmanā dvijebhyaḥ dattam vai atha bhavati
19. Just as the daily Vedic fire ritual (agnihotra), when well-offered morning and evening by a twice-born (dvija), becomes truly beneficial, so too is what is given to twice-borns (dvija) by a person of disciplined mind (kṛtātman).
एष ते विततो यज्ञः श्रद्धापूतः सदक्षिणः ।
विशिष्टः सर्वयज्ञेभ्यो ददतस्तात वर्तताम् ॥२०॥
20. eṣa te vitato yajñaḥ śraddhāpūtaḥ sadakṣiṇaḥ ,
viśiṣṭaḥ sarvayajñebhyo dadatastāta vartatām.
20. eṣaḥ te vitataḥ yajñaḥ śraddhāpūtaḥ sadakṣiṇaḥ
viśiṣṭaḥ sarvayajñebhyaḥ dadataḥ tāta vartatām
20. tāta te eṣaḥ vitataḥ yajñaḥ śraddhāpūtaḥ sadakṣiṇaḥ
sarvayajñebhyaḥ viśiṣṭaḥ dadataḥ vartatām
20. O son, let this extensive Vedic ritual (yajna) of yours, purified by faith (śraddhā) and complete with ritual fees, proceed as one superior to all other Vedic rituals (yajnas) for the giver.
निवापो दानसदृशस्तादृशेषु युधिष्ठिर ।
निवपन्पूजयंश्चैव तेष्वानृण्यं निगच्छति ॥२१॥
21. nivāpo dānasadṛśastādṛśeṣu yudhiṣṭhira ,
nivapanpūjayaṁścaiva teṣvānṛṇyaṁ nigacchati.
21. nivāpaḥ dānasadṛśaḥ tādṛśeṣu yudhiṣṭhira
nivapan pūjayan ca eva teṣu ānṛṇyam nigacchati
21. yudhiṣṭhira tādṛśeṣu nivāpaḥ dānasadṛśaḥ (bhavati);
nivapan pūjayan ca eva teṣu ānṛṇyam nigacchati
21. O Yudhiṣṭhira, an offering to ancestors (nivāpa) among such individuals is equivalent to a regular gift. Indeed, by making such offerings and honoring them, one achieves freedom from debt towards them.
य एव नो न कुप्यन्ति न लुभ्यन्ति तृणेष्वपि ।
त एव नः पूज्यतमा ये चान्ये प्रियवादिनः ॥२२॥
22. ya eva no na kupyanti na lubhyanti tṛṇeṣvapi ,
ta eva naḥ pūjyatamā ye cānye priyavādinaḥ.
22. ye eva naḥ na kupyanti na lubhyanti tṛṇeṣu
api te eva naḥ pūjyatamaḥ ca anye priyavādinaḥ
22. Those who do not become angry with us and are not greedy even for trifles, they are truly most revered by us. Also highly regarded are those others who speak pleasing words.
ये नो न बहु मन्यन्ते न प्रवर्तन्ति चापरे ।
पुत्रवत्परिपाल्यास्ते नमस्तेभ्यस्तथाभयम् ॥२३॥
23. ye no na bahu manyante na pravartanti cāpare ,
putravatparipālyāste namastebhyastathābhayam.
23. ye naḥ na bahu manyante na pravartanti ca apare
putravat paripālyāḥ te namaḥ tebhyaḥ tathā abhayam
23. Those who do not hold us in high esteem, and others who do not take aggressive action, should be protected by us like sons. Salutations to them, and assurance of safety from us.
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्या मृदुब्रह्मधरा हि ते ।
क्षत्रेणापि हि संसृष्टं तेजः शाम्यति वै द्विजे ॥२४॥
24. ṛtvikpurohitācāryā mṛdubrahmadharā hi te ,
kṣatreṇāpi hi saṁsṛṣṭaṁ tejaḥ śāmyati vai dvije.
24. ṛtvikpurohitācāryāḥ mṛdu brahmadharāḥ hi te
kṣatreṇa api hi saṃsṛṣṭam tejaḥ śāmyati vai dvije
24. The ṛtviks (Vedic ritual priests), purohitas (chief priests), and ācāryas (spiritual teachers) are indeed gentle upholders of the Veda (brahman). For, O twice-born (dvija), even the martial power (kṣatra) and its brilliance (tejas) certainly diminish when they come into contact with (their spiritual influence).
अस्ति मे बलवानस्मि राजास्मीति युधिष्ठिर ।
ब्राह्मणान्मा स्म पर्यश्नीर्वासोभिरशनेन च ॥२५॥
25. asti me balavānasmi rājāsmīti yudhiṣṭhira ,
brāhmaṇānmā sma paryaśnīrvāsobhiraśanena ca.
25. asti me balavān asmi rājā asmi iti yudhiṣṭhira
brāhmaṇān mā sma pari aśnīḥ vāsobhiḥ aśanena ca
25. “I am powerful; I am a king” - O Yudhiṣṭhira, do not, by force, seize clothes and food from the brahmins (brāhmaṇa).
यच्छोभार्थं बलार्थं वा वित्तमस्ति तवानघ ।
तेन ते ब्राह्मणाः पूज्याः स्वधर्ममनुतिष्ठता ॥२६॥
26. yacchobhārthaṁ balārthaṁ vā vittamasti tavānagha ,
tena te brāhmaṇāḥ pūjyāḥ svadharmamanutiṣṭhatā.
26. yat śobhārtham balārtham vā vittam asti tava anagha
tena te brāhmaṇāḥ pūjyāḥ svadharmam anutiṣṭhatā
26. anagha tava yat śobhārtham vā balārtham vittam asti,
tena svadharmam anutiṣṭhatā te brāhmaṇāḥ pūjyāḥ.
26. O sinless one, whatever wealth you possess for the sake of splendor or strength, with that wealth you should honor the brahmins, while you yourself are upholding your own intrinsic nature (dharma).
नमस्कार्यास्त्वया विप्रा वर्तमाना यथातथम् ।
यथासुखं यथोत्साहं ललन्तु त्वयि पुत्रवत् ॥२७॥
27. namaskāryāstvayā viprā vartamānā yathātatham ,
yathāsukhaṁ yathotsāhaṁ lalantu tvayi putravat.
27. namaskāryāḥ tvayā viprāḥ vartamānāḥ yathātatham
yathāsukham yathotsāham lalantu tvayi putravat
27. tvayā yathātatham vartamānāḥ viprāḥ namaskāryāḥ (santi).
yathāsukham yathotsāham putravat tvayi lalantu.
27. The brahmins (vipra), who conduct themselves properly, are to be honored by you. May they delight in your presence, with ease and enthusiasm, like sons.
को ह्यन्यः सुप्रसादानां सुहृदामल्पतोषिणाम् ।
वृत्तिमर्हत्युपक्षेप्तुं त्वदन्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥२८॥
28. ko hyanyaḥ suprasādānāṁ suhṛdāmalpatoṣiṇām ,
vṛttimarhatyupakṣeptuṁ tvadanyaḥ kurusattama.
28. kaḥ hi anyaḥ su-prasādānām suhṛdām alpa-toṣiṇām
vṛttim arhati upakṣeptum tvat anyaḥ kuru-sattama
28. kuru-sattama,
hi,
tvat anyaḥ,
su-prasādānām suhṛdām alpa-toṣiṇām vṛttim upakṣeptum kaḥ anyaḥ arhati?
28. Indeed, O best of the Kuru dynasty, who else but you would be worthy of neglecting the livelihood of such benevolent and easily satisfied friends?
यथा पत्याश्रयो धर्मः स्त्रीणां लोके सनातनः ।
स देवः सा गतिर्नान्या तथास्माकं द्विजातयः ॥२९॥
29. yathā patyāśrayo dharmaḥ strīṇāṁ loke sanātanaḥ ,
sa devaḥ sā gatirnānyā tathāsmākaṁ dvijātayaḥ.
29. yathā pati-āśrayaḥ dharmaḥ strīṇām loke sanātanaḥ
saḥ devaḥ sā gatiḥ na anyā tathā asmākam dvi-jātayaḥ
29. yathā loke strīṇām sanātanaḥ pati-āśrayaḥ dharmaḥ (bhavati); saḥ (patiḥ eva) devaḥ,
sā (patiḥ eva) gatiḥ,
anyā na (bhavati).
tathā asmākam dvi-jātayaḥ (devāḥ gatayaḥ ca santi).
29. Just as in this world, the eternal intrinsic nature (dharma) for women is to be devoted to their husband - he is their god, he is their ultimate path, there is no other - similarly, for us, the twice-born (dvijātayaḥ) are like that.
यदि नो ब्राह्मणास्तात संत्यजेयुरपूजिताः ।
पश्यन्तो दारुणं कर्म सततं क्षत्रिये स्थितम् ॥३०॥
30. yadi no brāhmaṇāstāta saṁtyajeyurapūjitāḥ ,
paśyanto dāruṇaṁ karma satataṁ kṣatriye sthitam.
30. yadi naḥ brāhmaṇāḥ tāta saṃtyajeyuḥ apūjitāḥ
paśyantaḥ dāruṇam karma satatam kṣatriye sthitam
30. tāta yadi apūjitāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ naḥ saṃtyajeyuḥ
kṣatriye satatam sthitam dāruṇam karma paśyantaḥ
30. Dear father, what if the brahmins, feeling unhonored, were to abandon us, observing the cruel actions (karma) that are constantly found among warriors?
अवेदानामकीर्तीनामलोकानामयज्वनाम् ।
कोऽस्माकं जीवितेनार्थस्तद्धि नो ब्राह्मणाश्रयम् ॥३१॥
31. avedānāmakīrtīnāmalokānāmayajvanām ,
ko'smākaṁ jīvitenārthastaddhi no brāhmaṇāśrayam.
31. avedānām akīrtīnām alokānām ayajvanām kaḥ
asmākam jīvitena arthaḥ tat hi naḥ brāhmaṇāśrayam
31. avedānām akīrtīnām alokānām ayajvanām asmākam
jīvitena kaḥ arthaḥ hi tat naḥ brāhmaṇāśrayam
31. What is the purpose of life for us, who are without Vedic knowledge, without fame, without access to (higher) worlds, and who do not perform (Vedic rituals)? Indeed, our very existence is dependent on brahmins.
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथा धर्मः सनातनः ।
राजन्यो ब्राह्मणं राजन्पुरा परिचचार ह ।
वैश्यो राजन्यमित्येव शूद्रो वैश्यमिति श्रुतिः ॥३२॥
32. atra te vartayiṣyāmi yathā dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
rājanyo brāhmaṇaṁ rājanpurā paricacāra ha ,
vaiśyo rājanyamityeva śūdro vaiśyamiti śrutiḥ.
32. atra te vartayisyāmi yathā dharmaḥ
sanātanaḥ rājanyaḥ brāhmaṇam rājan
purā paricacāra ha vaiśyaḥ rājanyam
iti eva śūdraḥ vaiśyam iti śrutiḥ
32. rājan atra te yathā sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
vartayisyāmi purā rājanyaḥ
brāhmaṇam paricacāra ha vaiśyaḥ rājanyam
iti eva śūdraḥ vaiśyam iti śrutiḥ
32. Here, O King, I will explain to you the eternal (dharma). In ancient times, a member of the warrior class (rājanya) would serve a brahmin. Similarly, a vaiśya would serve a rājanya, and a śūdra would serve a vaiśya – this is the sacred tradition (śruti).
दूराच्छूद्रेणोपचर्यो ब्राह्मणोऽग्निरिव ज्वलन् ।
संस्पर्शपरिचर्यस्तु वैश्येन क्षत्रियेण च ॥३३॥
33. dūrācchūdreṇopacaryo brāhmaṇo'gniriva jvalan ,
saṁsparśaparicaryastu vaiśyena kṣatriyeṇa ca.
33. dūrāt śūdreṇa upacaryaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ agniḥ iva jvalan
saṃsparśaparicaryaḥ tu vaiśyena kṣatriyeṇa ca
33. jvalan agniḥ iva brāhmaṇaḥ śūdreṇa dūrāt upacaryaḥ
tu vaiśyena ca kṣatriyeṇa saṃsparśaparicaryaḥ
33. A brahmin, shining like a blazing fire, should be attended to by a śūdra from a distance. But by a vaiśya and a kṣatriya, he should be served with physical proximity.
मृदुभावान्सत्यशीलान्सत्यधर्मानुपालकान् ।
आशीविषानिव क्रुद्धांस्तानुपाचरत द्विजान् ॥३४॥
34. mṛdubhāvānsatyaśīlānsatyadharmānupālakān ,
āśīviṣāniva kruddhāṁstānupācarata dvijān.
34. mṛdubhāvān satyaśīlān satyadharmānupālakān
āśīviṣān iva kruddhān tān upācarata dvijān
34. tān dvijān mṛdubhāvān satyaśīlān
satyadharmānupālakān kruddhān āśīviṣān iva upācarata
34. Treat those Brahmins (dvijān) - who are gentle-natured, truthful, and upholders of truth and natural law (dharma) - as if they were venomous snakes when they become angry.
अपरेषां परेषां च परेभ्यश्चैव ये परे ।
क्षत्रियाणां प्रतपतां तेजसा च बलेन च ।
ब्राह्मणेष्वेव शाम्यन्ति तेजांसि च तपांसि च ॥३५॥
35. apareṣāṁ pareṣāṁ ca parebhyaścaiva ye pare ,
kṣatriyāṇāṁ pratapatāṁ tejasā ca balena ca ,
brāhmaṇeṣveva śāmyanti tejāṁsi ca tapāṁsi ca.
35. apareṣām pareṣām ca parebhyaḥ ca
eva ye pare kṣatriyāṇām pratapatām
tejasā ca balena ca brāhmaṇeṣu
eva śāmyanti tejāṃsi ca tapāṃsi ca
35. apareṣām pareṣām ca parebhyaḥ ca
eva ye pare kṣatriyāṇām tejasā ca
balena ca pratapatām tejāṃsi ca
tapāṃsi ca brāhmaṇeṣu eva śāmyanti
35. The splendor and spiritual fervor (tapas) of Kshatriyas - who display their prowess with radiance and strength, being superior to others, and indeed, even more superior than those who are themselves superior - become pacified and subside only in Brahmins.
न मे पिता प्रियतरो न त्वं तात तथा प्रियः ।
न मे पितुः पिता राजन्न चात्मा न च जीवितम् ॥३६॥
36. na me pitā priyataro na tvaṁ tāta tathā priyaḥ ,
na me pituḥ pitā rājanna cātmā na ca jīvitam.
36. na me pitā priyataraḥ na tvam tāta tathā priyaḥ
na me pituḥ pitā rājan na ca ātmā na ca jīvitam
36. me pitā na priyataraḥ.
tāta tvam ca tathā priyaḥ na.
rājan me pituḥ pitā ca na,
ātmā ca na,
jīvitam ca na
36. My father is not dearer to me, nor are you, dear one (tāta), so beloved. O king (rājan), neither my paternal grandfather, nor my own self (ātman), nor even my life is as dear to me.
त्वत्तश्च मे प्रियतरः पृथिव्यां नास्ति कश्चन ।
त्वत्तोऽपि मे प्रियतरा ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ ॥३७॥
37. tvattaśca me priyataraḥ pṛthivyāṁ nāsti kaścana ,
tvatto'pi me priyatarā brāhmaṇā bharatarṣabha.
37. tvattaḥ ca me priyataraḥ pṛthivyām na asti kaścana
tvattaḥ api me priyatarāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ bharatarṣabha
37. pṛthivyām tvattaḥ ca me priyataraḥ kaścana na asti.
bharatarṣabha,
tvattaḥ api me brāhmaṇāḥ priyatarāḥ
37. And on this earth, there is no one dearer to me than you. O best of Bharatas (bharatarṣabha), the Brahmins are even more beloved to me than you.
ब्रवीमि सत्यमेतच्च यथाहं पाण्डुनन्दन ।
तेन सत्येन गच्छेयं लोकान्यत्र स शंतनुः ॥३८॥
38. bravīmi satyametacca yathāhaṁ pāṇḍunandana ,
tena satyena gaccheyaṁ lokānyatra sa śaṁtanuḥ.
38. bravīmi satyam etat ca yathā aham pāṇḍunandana
tena satyena gaccheyam lokān yatra saḥ śaṃtanuḥ
38. pāṇḍunandana aham etat ca satyam yathā bravīmi
tena satyena yatra saḥ śaṃtanuḥ lokān gaccheyam
38. O son of Pāṇḍu, I declare this truth to you, as I am truly dedicated to it. By the power of that truth, may I attain the worlds where King Śaṃtanu resides.
पश्येयं च सतां लोकाञ्छुचीन्ब्रह्मपुरस्कृतान् ।
तत्र मे तात गन्तव्यमह्नाय च चिराय च ॥३९॥
39. paśyeyaṁ ca satāṁ lokāñchucīnbrahmapuraskṛtān ,
tatra me tāta gantavyamahnāya ca cirāya ca.
39. paśyeyam ca satām lokān śucīn brahmapuraskṛtān
tatra me tāta gantavyam ahnāya ca cirāya ca
39. ca satām śucīn brahmapuraskṛtān lokān paśyeyam
tāta tatra me ahnāya ca cirāya ca gantavyam
39. And may I behold the pure worlds of the virtuous, led by Brahmā. There, O dear one, I must go, both swiftly and for an extended period.
सोऽहमेतादृशाँल्लोकान्दृष्ट्वा भरतसत्तम ।
यन्मे कृतं ब्राह्मणेषु न तप्ये तेन पार्थिव ॥४०॥
40. so'hametādṛśāँllokāndṛṣṭvā bharatasattama ,
yanme kṛtaṁ brāhmaṇeṣu na tapye tena pārthiva.
40. saḥ aham etādṛśān lokān dṛṣṭvā bharatasattama
yat me kṛtam brāhmaṇeṣu na tapye tena pārthiva
40. bharatasattama pārthiva saḥ aham etādṛśān lokān
dṛṣṭvā yat me brāhmaṇeṣu kṛtam tena na tapye
40. Having perceived such realms, O foremost of Bhāratas, I will not regret, O ruler, what I have accomplished for the brahmins.