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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-119

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भीष्म उवाच ।
एवं शुनासमान्भृत्यान्स्वस्थाने यो नराधिपः ।
नियोजयति कृत्येषु स राज्यफलमश्नुते ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evaṁ śunāsamānbhṛtyānsvasthāne yo narādhipaḥ ,
niyojayati kṛtyeṣu sa rājyaphalamaśnute.
1. bhīṣma uvāca evam śunāsamān bhṛtyān svasthāne yaḥ
narādhipaḥ niyojayati kṛtyeṣu saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
1. bhīṣma uvāca yaḥ narādhipaḥ evam śunāsamān bhṛtyān
svasthāne kṛtyeṣu niyojayati saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
1. Bhīṣma said: The king who thus assigns servants who are like dogs to their appropriate tasks in their proper places, he indeed enjoys the fruit of kingship.
न श्वा स्वस्थानमुत्क्रम्य प्रमाणमभि सत्कृतः ।
आरोप्यः श्वा स्वकात्स्थानादुत्क्रम्यान्यत्प्रपद्यते ॥२॥
2. na śvā svasthānamutkramya pramāṇamabhi satkṛtaḥ ,
āropyaḥ śvā svakātsthānādutkramyānyatprapadyate.
2. na śvā svasthānam utkramya pramāṇam abhi satkṛtaḥ
āropyaḥ śvā svakāt sthānāt utkramya anyat prapadyate
2. śvā pramāṇam na āropyaḥ svasthānam utkramya abhi
satkṛtaḥ śvā svakāt sthānāt utkramya anyat prapadyate
2. A dog, even when greatly honored and surpassing its proper place, should not be appointed to a position of authority. For a dog, having left its own station, will seek another (place).
स्वजातिकुलसंपन्नाः स्वेषु कर्मस्ववस्थिताः ।
प्रकर्तव्या बुधा भृत्या नास्थाने प्रक्रिया क्षमा ॥३॥
3. svajātikulasaṁpannāḥ sveṣu karmasvavasthitāḥ ,
prakartavyā budhā bhṛtyā nāsthāne prakriyā kṣamā.
3. svajātikulasampannāḥ sveṣu karmasu avasthitāḥ
prakartavyāḥ budhāḥ bhṛtyāḥ na asthāne prakriyā kṣamā
3. budhāḥ svajātikulasampannāḥ sveṣu karmasu avasthitāḥ
bhṛtyāḥ prakartavyāḥ asthāne prakriyā na kṣamā
3. Wise men should appoint as servants those who are well-endowed with their own lineage and family, and who are firmly established in their own duties (karma). For any action undertaken in an inappropriate place is not suitable.
अनुरूपाणि कर्माणि भृत्येभ्यो यः प्रयच्छति ।
स भृत्यगुणसंपन्नं राजा फलमुपाश्नुते ॥४॥
4. anurūpāṇi karmāṇi bhṛtyebhyo yaḥ prayacchati ,
sa bhṛtyaguṇasaṁpannaṁ rājā phalamupāśnute.
4. anurūpāṇi karmāṇi bhṛtyebhyaḥ yaḥ prayacchati
saḥ bhṛtyaguṇasaṃpannaṃ rājā phalam upāśnute
4. yaḥ bhṛtyebhyaḥ anurūpāṇi karmāṇi prayacchati,
saḥ rājā bhṛtyaguṇasaṃpannaṃ phalam upāśnute
4. The king who assigns appropriate duties (karma) to his servants obtains the reward of having servants endowed with good qualities.
शरभः शरभस्थाने सिंहः सिंह इवोर्जितः ।
व्याघ्रो व्याघ्र इव स्थाप्यो द्वीपी द्वीपी यथा तथा ॥५॥
5. śarabhaḥ śarabhasthāne siṁhaḥ siṁha ivorjitaḥ ,
vyāghro vyāghra iva sthāpyo dvīpī dvīpī yathā tathā.
5. śarabhaḥ śarabhasthāne siṃhaḥ siṃhaḥ iva ūrjitaḥ
vyāghraḥ vyāghraḥ iva sthāpyaḥ dvīpī dvīpī yathā tathā
5. śarabhaḥ śarabhasthāne (sthāpyaḥ),
siṃhaḥ siṃhaḥ iva ūrjitaḥ (sthāpyaḥ),
vyāghraḥ vyāghraḥ iva sthāpyaḥ,
dvīpī dvīpī yathā tathā (sthāpyaḥ)
5. A śarabha (mythical beast) should be placed in the position of a śarabha, a lion should be appointed mighty like a lion. A tiger should be placed like a tiger, and a leopard should be placed just as a leopard.
कर्मस्विहानुरूपेषु न्यस्या भृत्या यथाविधि ।
प्रतिलोमं न भृत्यास्ते स्थाप्याः कर्मफलैषिणा ॥६॥
6. karmasvihānurūpeṣu nyasyā bhṛtyā yathāvidhi ,
pratilomaṁ na bhṛtyāste sthāpyāḥ karmaphalaiṣiṇā.
6. karmasu iha anurūpeṣu nyasyā bhṛtyāḥ yathāvidhi
pratilomaṃ na bhṛtyāḥ te sthāpyāḥ karmaphalaiṣiṇā
6. iha karmaphalaiṣiṇā bhṛtyāḥ anurūpeṣu karmasu yathāvidhi nyasyāḥ,
te bhṛtyāḥ pratilomaṃ na sthāpyāḥ
6. Here, one desiring the fruits of actions (karma) should properly appoint servants to appropriate duties (karma) according to rule, and those servants should not be placed in unsuitable positions.
यः प्रमाणमतिक्रम्य प्रतिलोमं नराधिपः ।
भृत्यान्स्थापयतेऽबुद्धिर्न स रञ्जयते प्रजाः ॥७॥
7. yaḥ pramāṇamatikramya pratilomaṁ narādhipaḥ ,
bhṛtyānsthāpayate'buddhirna sa rañjayate prajāḥ.
7. yaḥ pramāṇam atikramya pratilomaṃ narādhipaḥ
bhṛtyān sthāpayate abuddhiḥ na saḥ rañjayate prajāḥ
7. yaḥ abuddhiḥ narādhipaḥ pramāṇam atikramya bhṛtyān pratilomaṃ sthāpayate,
saḥ prajāḥ na rañjayate
7. That unwise king who, by transgressing proper standards, appoints servants in an unsuitable way, he does not please his subjects.
न बालिशा न च क्षुद्रा न चाप्रतिमितेन्द्रियाः ।
नाकुलीना नराः पार्श्वे स्थाप्या राज्ञा हितैषिणा ॥८॥
8. na bāliśā na ca kṣudrā na cāpratimitendriyāḥ ,
nākulīnā narāḥ pārśve sthāpyā rājñā hitaiṣiṇā.
8. na bāliśāḥ na ca kṣudrāḥ na ca apratimita-indriyāḥ
na akulīnāḥ narāḥ pārśve sthāpyāḥ rājñā hita-eṣiṇā
8. hita-eṣiṇā rājñā pārśve bāliśāḥ ca kṣudrāḥ ca
apratimita-indriyāḥ ca akulīnāḥ narāḥ na sthāpyāḥ
8. A king who desires his own well-being should not place foolish, petty, or unrestrained individuals, nor those of ignoble birth, by his side.
साधवः कुशलाः शूरा ज्ञानवन्तोऽनसूयकाः ।
अक्षुद्राः शुचयो दक्षा नराः स्युः पारिपार्श्वकाः ॥९॥
9. sādhavaḥ kuśalāḥ śūrā jñānavanto'nasūyakāḥ ,
akṣudrāḥ śucayo dakṣā narāḥ syuḥ pāripārśvakāḥ.
9. sādhavaḥ kuśalāḥ śūrāḥ jñānavantaḥ anasūyakāḥ
akṣudrāḥ śucayaḥ dakṣāḥ narāḥ syuḥ pāripārśvakāḥ
9. sādhavaḥ kuśalāḥ śūrāḥ jñānavantaḥ anasūyakāḥ
akṣudrāḥ śucayaḥ dakṣāḥ narāḥ pāripārśvakāḥ syuḥ
9. Virtuous, skilled, brave, knowledgeable, non-envious, noble, pure, and capable men should serve as attendants.
न्यग्भूतास्तत्पराः क्षान्ताश्चौक्षाः प्रकृतिजाः शुभाः ।
स्वे स्वे स्थानेऽपरिक्रुष्टास्ते स्यू राज्ञो बहिश्चराः ॥१०॥
10. nyagbhūtāstatparāḥ kṣāntāścaukṣāḥ prakṛtijāḥ śubhāḥ ,
sve sve sthāne'parikruṣṭāste syū rājño bahiścarāḥ.
10. nyak-bhūtāḥ tat-parāḥ kṣāntāḥ caukṣāḥ prakṛti-jāḥ śubhāḥ
sve sve sthāne apari-kruṣṭāḥ te syuḥ rājñaḥ bahiḥ-carāḥ
10. nyak-bhūtāḥ tat-parāḥ kṣāntāḥ caukṣāḥ prakṛti-jāḥ śubhāḥ
sve sve sthāne apari-kruṣṭāḥ te rājñaḥ bahiḥ-carāḥ syuḥ
10. Humble, devoted, patient, pure, naturally loyal, and good individuals, who are unblemished in their respective positions, should serve as the king's external agents.
सिंहस्य सततं पार्श्वे सिंह एव जनो भवेत् ।
असिंहः सिंहसहितः सिंहवल्लभते फलम् ॥११॥
11. siṁhasya satataṁ pārśve siṁha eva jano bhavet ,
asiṁhaḥ siṁhasahitaḥ siṁhavallabhate phalam.
11. siṃhasya satatam pārśve siṃhaḥ eva janaḥ bhavet
a-siṃhaḥ siṃha-sahitaḥ siṃhavat labhate phalam
11. satatam siṃhasya pārśve siṃhaḥ eva janaḥ bhavet.
a-siṃhaḥ siṃha-sahitaḥ (api) siṃhavat phalam labhate.
11. A person who is always by the side of a lion should himself be a lion. Even a non-lion, when accompanied by a lion, obtains results as if he were a lion.
यस्तु सिंहः श्वभिः कीर्णः सिंहकर्मफले रतः ।
न स सिंहफलं भोक्तुं शक्तः श्वभिरुपासितः ॥१२॥
12. yastu siṁhaḥ śvabhiḥ kīrṇaḥ siṁhakarmaphale rataḥ ,
na sa siṁhaphalaṁ bhoktuṁ śaktaḥ śvabhirupāsitaḥ.
12. yaḥ tu siṃhaḥ śvabhiḥ kīrṇaḥ siṃhakarmaphale rataḥ
na saḥ siṃhaphalam bhoktum śaktaḥ śvabhiḥ upāsitaḥ
12. yaḥ tu siṃhaḥ śvabhiḥ kīrṇaḥ siṃhakarmaphale rataḥ
saḥ na śaktaḥ siṃhaphalam bhoktum śvabhiḥ upāsitaḥ
12. However, a lion who is surrounded by dogs and attached to the fruits of a lion's deeds (karma) will not be able to enjoy the rewards of a lion if he is served by dogs.
एवमेतैर्मनुष्येन्द्र शूरैः प्राज्ञैर्बहुश्रुतैः ।
कुलीनैः सह शक्येत कृत्स्नां जेतुं वसुंधराम् ॥१३॥
13. evametairmanuṣyendra śūraiḥ prājñairbahuśrutaiḥ ,
kulīnaiḥ saha śakyeta kṛtsnāṁ jetuṁ vasuṁdharām.
13. evam etaiḥ manuṣyendra śūraiḥ prājñaiḥ bahuśrutaiḥ
kulīnaiḥ saha śakyeta kṛtsnām jetum vasundharām
13. manuṣyendra evam etaiḥ śūraiḥ prājñaiḥ bahuśrutaiḥ
kulīnaiḥ saha kṛtsnām vasundharām jetum śakyeta
13. O king among men, in this manner, it would be possible to conquer the entire earth with (the help of) these brave, wise, highly learned, and noble individuals.
नावैद्यो नानृजुः पार्श्वे नाविद्यो नामहाधनः ।
संग्राह्यो वसुधापालैर्भृत्यो भृत्यवतां वर ॥१४॥
14. nāvaidyo nānṛjuḥ pārśve nāvidyo nāmahādhanaḥ ,
saṁgrāhyo vasudhāpālairbhṛtyo bhṛtyavatāṁ vara.
14. na avaidyaḥ na anṛjuḥ pārśve na avidyaḥ na amahādhanaḥ
saṅgrāhyaḥ vasudhāpālaiḥ bhṛtyaḥ bhṛtyavatām vara
14. bhṛtyavatām vara he bhṛtyaḥ yaḥ na avaidyaḥ na anṛjuḥ pārśve
na avidyaḥ na amahādhanaḥ saḥ vasudhāpālaiḥ saṅgrāhyaḥ
14. O best among those who employ servants, a servant (bhṛtya) who is skilled (not unskilled - avaidya), honest (not crooked - anṛju) in one's presence (pārśve), learned (not ignorant - avidya), and wealthy (not without great wealth - amahādhana) should be retained (saṅgrāhya) by the rulers of the earth (vasudhāpāla).
बाणवद्विसृता यान्ति स्वामिकार्यपरा जनाः ।
ये भृत्याः पार्थिवहितास्तेषां सान्त्वं प्रयोजयेत् ॥१५॥
15. bāṇavadvisṛtā yānti svāmikāryaparā janāḥ ,
ye bhṛtyāḥ pārthivahitāsteṣāṁ sāntvaṁ prayojayet.
15. bāṇavat visṛtāḥ yānti svāmikāryaparāḥ janāḥ ye
bhṛtyāḥ pārthivahitāḥ teṣām sāntvam prayojayet
15. svāmikāryaparāḥ janāḥ bāṇavat visṛtāḥ yānti ye
bhṛtyāḥ pārthivahitāḥ teṣām sāntvam prayojayet
15. Individuals who are dedicated to their master's task (karma) advance swiftly like released arrows. One should offer conciliation to those servants who are beneficial to the king.
कोशश्च सततं रक्ष्यो यत्नमास्थाय राजभिः ।
कोशमूला हि राजानः कोशमूलकरो भव ॥१६॥
16. kośaśca satataṁ rakṣyo yatnamāsthāya rājabhiḥ ,
kośamūlā hi rājānaḥ kośamūlakaro bhava.
16. kośaḥ ca satatam rakṣyaḥ yatnam āsthāya rājabhiḥ
| kośamūlāḥ hi rājānaḥ kośamūlakaraḥ bhava
16. rājabhiḥ yatnam āsthāya kośaḥ ca satatam rakṣyaḥ
rājānaḥ hi kośamūlāḥ (tvam) kośamūlakaraḥ bhava
16. Kings should constantly protect their treasury with great effort. Indeed, kings are fundamentally dependent on their treasury; therefore, you should ensure the treasury remains your foundation.
कोष्ठागारं च ते नित्यं स्फीतं धान्यैः सुसंचितम् ।
सदास्तु सत्सु संन्यस्तं धनधान्यपरो भव ॥१७॥
17. koṣṭhāgāraṁ ca te nityaṁ sphītaṁ dhānyaiḥ susaṁcitam ,
sadāstu satsu saṁnyastaṁ dhanadhānyaparo bhava.
17. koṣṭhāgāram ca te nityam sphītam dhānyaiḥ susaṁcitam
| sadā astu satsu saṁnyastam dhanadhānyaparaḥ bhava
17. ca te koṣṭhāgāram nityam dhānyaiḥ sphītam susaṁcitam sadā
astu (ca) satsu saṁnyastam astu (tvam) dhanadhānyaparaḥ bhava
17. And may your granary always be abundant and well-stocked with grains. Let your wealth and provisions always be entrusted to honest people, and you yourself should be dedicated to their accumulation.
नित्ययुक्ताश्च ते भृत्या भवन्तु रणकोविदाः ।
वाजिनां च प्रयोगेषु वैशारद्यमिहेष्यते ॥१८॥
18. nityayuktāśca te bhṛtyā bhavantu raṇakovidāḥ ,
vājināṁ ca prayogeṣu vaiśāradyamiheṣyate.
18. nityayuktāḥ ca te bhṛtyāḥ bhavantu raṇakovidāḥ
| vājinām ca prayogeṣu vaiśāradyam iha iṣyate
18. ca te bhṛtyāḥ nityayuktāḥ raṇakovidāḥ bhavantu
ca iha vājinām prayogeṣu vaiśāradyam iṣyate
18. And let your servants be constantly diligent and skilled in battle. Expertise in the use of horses is also desired in this matter.
ज्ञातिबन्धुजनावेक्षी मित्रसंबन्धिसंवृतः ।
पौरकार्यहितान्वेषी भव कौरवनन्दन ॥१९॥
19. jñātibandhujanāvekṣī mitrasaṁbandhisaṁvṛtaḥ ,
paurakāryahitānveṣī bhava kauravanandana.
19. jñātibandhujanāvekṣī mitrasambandhisaṁvṛtaḥ
| paurakāryahitānveṣī bhava kauravanandana
19. kauravanandana,
jñātibandhujanāvekṣī mitrasambandhisaṁvṛtaḥ paurakāryahitānveṣī (tvam) bhava
19. O delight of the Kurus, be attentive to your kinsmen and relatives, surrounded by friends and well-wishers, and always seek the welfare and interests of your citizens.
एषा ते नैष्ठिकी बुद्धिः प्रज्ञा चाभिहिता मया ।
श्वा ते निदर्शनं तात किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥२०॥
20. eṣā te naiṣṭhikī buddhiḥ prajñā cābhihitā mayā ,
śvā te nidarśanaṁ tāta kiṁ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi.
20. eṣā te naiṣṭhikī buddhiḥ prajñā ca abhihitā mayā
śvā te nidarśanam tāta kim bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi
20. tāta mayā te eṣā naiṣṭhikī buddhiḥ ca prajñā
abhihitā śvā te nidarśanam bhūyaḥ kim śrotum icchasi
20. Dear son, this ultimate understanding and wisdom have been explained to you by me. The dog serves as your example. What more do you wish to hear?