Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ कुरूणां कीर्तिवर्धन ।
प्रश्नं कंचित्प्रवक्ष्यामि तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pitāmaha mahāprājña kurūṇāṁ kīrtivardhana ,
praśnaṁ kaṁcitpravakṣyāmi tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha mahāprājña kurūṇām kīrtivardhana
praśnam kañcit pravakṣyāmi tat me vyākhyātum arhasi
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: pitāmaha,
mahāprājña,
kurūṇām kīrtivardhana! kañcit praśnam pravakṣyāmi.
tat me vyākhyātum arhasi.
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O Grandfather, O greatly wise one, O augmenter of the glory of the Kurus! I shall ask a certain question; please explain that to me.'
कीदृशा मानवाः सौम्याः कैः प्रीतिः परमा भवेत् ।
आयत्यां च तदात्वे च के क्षमास्तान्वदस्व मे ॥२॥
2. kīdṛśā mānavāḥ saumyāḥ kaiḥ prītiḥ paramā bhavet ,
āyatyāṁ ca tadātve ca ke kṣamāstānvadasva me.
2. kīdṛśāḥ mānavāḥ saumyāḥ kaiḥ prītiḥ paramā bhavet
āyatyām ca tadātve ca ke kṣamāḥ tān vadasva me
2. saumyāḥ mānavāḥ kīdṛśāḥ kaiḥ paramā prītiḥ bhavet
āyatyām ca tadātve ca ke kṣamāḥ tān me vadasva
2. What kind of people are gentle? With whom should one have the greatest affection? Who are competent both for the present and for the future? Please tell me about them.
न हि तत्र धनं स्फीतं न च संबन्धिबान्धवाः ।
तिष्ठन्ति यत्र सुहृदस्तिष्ठन्तीति मतिर्मम ॥३॥
3. na hi tatra dhanaṁ sphītaṁ na ca saṁbandhibāndhavāḥ ,
tiṣṭhanti yatra suhṛdastiṣṭhantīti matirmama.
3. na hi tatra dhanam sphītam na ca sambandhibāndhavāḥ
yatra suhṛdaḥ tiṣṭanti iti matiḥ mama
3. hi tatra sphītam dhanam na ca sambandhibāndhavāḥ
na yatra suhṛdaḥ tiṣṭanti iti mama matiḥ
3. Indeed, neither abundant wealth nor relatives and kinsmen truly remain there. My conviction is that true friends (alone) do remain there.
दुर्लभो हि सुहृच्छ्रोता दुर्लभश्च हितः सुहृत् ।
एतद्धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ सर्वं व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥४॥
4. durlabho hi suhṛcchrotā durlabhaśca hitaḥ suhṛt ,
etaddharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭha sarvaṁ vyākhyātumarhasi.
4. durlabhaḥ hi suhṛt śrotā durlabhaḥ ca hitaḥ suhṛt
etat dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭha sarvam vyākhyātum arhasi
4. hi suhṛt śrotā durlabhaḥ ca hitaḥ suhṛt durlabhaḥ
etat sarvam dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭha vyākhyātum arhasi
4. Indeed, a well-meaning listener is rare, and a helpful friend is also rare. O best among those who uphold natural law (dharma), you should explain all this.
भीष्म उवाच ।
संधेयान्पुरुषान्राजन्नसंधेयांश्च तत्त्वतः ।
वदतो मे निबोध त्वं निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥५॥
5. bhīṣma uvāca ,
saṁdheyānpuruṣānrājannasaṁdheyāṁśca tattvataḥ ,
vadato me nibodha tvaṁ nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira.
5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca sandheyān puruṣān rājan asandheyān ca
tattvataḥ vadataḥ me nibodha tvam nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira
5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājan yudhiṣṭhira me vadataḥ sandheyān
puruṣān ca asandheyān tattvataḥ nikhilena tvam nibodha
5. Bhishma said: O King Yudhishthira, listen to me attentively as I comprehensively explain the types of men with whom alliances can truly be formed, and those with whom they cannot.
लुब्धः क्रूरस्त्यक्तधर्मा निकृतः शठ एव च ।
क्षुद्रः पापसमाचारः सर्वशङ्की तथालसः ॥६॥
6. lubdhaḥ krūrastyaktadharmā nikṛtaḥ śaṭha eva ca ,
kṣudraḥ pāpasamācāraḥ sarvaśaṅkī tathālasaḥ.
6. lubdhaḥ krūraḥ tyaktadharmā nikṛtaḥ śaṭhaḥ eva
ca kṣudraḥ pāpasamācāraḥ sarvaśaṅkī tathā alasaḥ
6. saḥ lubdhaḥ krūraḥ tyaktadharmā nikṛtaḥ śaṭhaḥ ca
eva kṣudraḥ pāpasamācāraḥ sarvaśaṅkī tathā alasaḥ
6. He is greedy, cruel, one who has abandoned his natural law (dharma), deceitful, and cunning. He is also mean-spirited, of sinful conduct, suspicious of everyone, and similarly, lazy.
दीर्घसूत्रोऽनृजुः कष्टो गुरुदारप्रधर्षकः ।
व्यसने यः परित्यागी दुरात्मा निरपत्रपः ॥७॥
7. dīrghasūtro'nṛjuḥ kaṣṭo gurudārapradharṣakaḥ ,
vyasane yaḥ parityāgī durātmā nirapatrapaḥ.
7. dīrghasūtraḥ anṛjuḥ kaṣṭaḥ gurudārapradharṣakaḥ
vyasane yaḥ parityāgī durātmā nirapatrapaḥ
7. saḥ dīrghasūtraḥ anṛjuḥ kaṣṭaḥ gurudārapradharṣakaḥ
yaḥ vyasane parityāgī durātmā nirapatrapaḥ
7. He is a procrastinator, dishonest, wicked, and one who violates the wives of his teacher (guru). He is also someone who abandons others in their misfortune, evil-minded, and utterly shameless.
सर्वतः पापदर्शी च नास्तिको वेदनिन्दकः ।
संप्रकीर्णेन्द्रियो लोके यः कामनिरतश्चरेत् ॥८॥
8. sarvataḥ pāpadarśī ca nāstiko vedanindakaḥ ,
saṁprakīrṇendriyo loke yaḥ kāmanirataścaret.
8. sarvataḥ pāpadarśī ca nāstikaḥ vedanindakaḥ
samprakīrṇendriyaḥ loke yaḥ kāmanirataḥ caret
8. yaḥ sarvataḥ pāpadarśī ca nāstikaḥ vedanindakaḥ
samprakīrṇendriyaḥ kāmanirataḥ ca loke caret
8. And he who is a fault-finder in all things, an atheist (nāstika), and a reviler of the Vedas; one whose senses are completely unrestrained, and who is engrossed in desire, behaves in the world.
असत्यो लोकविद्विष्टः समये चानवस्थितः ।
पिशुनोऽथाकृतप्रज्ञो मत्सरी पापनिश्चयः ॥९॥
9. asatyo lokavidviṣṭaḥ samaye cānavasthitaḥ ,
piśuno'thākṛtaprajño matsarī pāpaniścayaḥ.
9. asatyaḥ lokavidviṣṭaḥ samaye ca anavasthitaḥ
piśunaḥ atha akṛtaprajñaḥ matsarī pāpaniścayaḥ
9. saḥ asatyaḥ lokavidviṣṭaḥ samaye ca anavasthitaḥ
piśunaḥ atha akṛtaprajñaḥ matsarī pāpaniścayaḥ
9. He is untruthful, hated by people, and unreliable in his commitments. Furthermore, he is a backbiter, unwise, envious, and one whose resolve is fixed on sin.
दुःशीलोऽथाकृतात्मा च नृशंसः कितवस्तथा ।
मित्रैरर्थकृती नित्यमिच्छत्यर्थपरश्च यः ॥१०॥
10. duḥśīlo'thākṛtātmā ca nṛśaṁsaḥ kitavastathā ,
mitrairarthakṛtī nityamicchatyarthaparaśca yaḥ.
10. duḥśīlaḥ atha akṛtātmā ca nṛśaṃsaḥ kitavaḥ tathā
mitraiḥ arthakṛtī nityam icchati arthaparaḥ ca yaḥ
10. yaḥ duḥśīlaḥ atha akṛtātmā ca nṛśaṃsaḥ kitavaḥ tathā
arthaparaḥ ca (saḥ) nityam mitraiḥ arthakṛtī icchati
10. One who is ill-behaved, untamed in self (ātman), cruel, and deceitful, and who constantly desires to extract wealth from friends, being solely devoted to material gain.
वहतश्च यथाशक्ति यो न तुष्यति मन्दधीः ।
अमित्रमिव यो भुङ्क्ते सदा मित्रं नरर्षभ ॥११॥
11. vahataśca yathāśakti yo na tuṣyati mandadhīḥ ,
amitramiva yo bhuṅkte sadā mitraṁ nararṣabha.
11. vahataḥ ca yathāśakti yaḥ na tuṣyati mandadhīḥ
amitram iva yaḥ bhuṅkte sadā mitram nararṣabha
11. nararṣabha,
yaḥ mandadhīḥ yathāśakti vahataḥ ca (api) na tuṣyati,
yaḥ ca mitram amitram iva sadā bhuṅkte
11. O best of men (nararṣabha), that dull-witted person (mandadhīḥ) who is never satisfied, even when someone exerts themselves according to their capacity (yathāśakti), and who always exploits a friend (mitram) as if they were an enemy (amitram).
अस्थानक्रोधनो यश्च अकस्माच्च विरज्यते ।
सुहृदश्चैव कल्याणानाशु त्यजति किल्बिषी ॥१२॥
12. asthānakrodhano yaśca akasmācca virajyate ,
suhṛdaścaiva kalyāṇānāśu tyajati kilbiṣī.
12. asthānakrodhanaḥ yaḥ ca akasmāt ca virajyate
suhṛdaḥ ca eva kalyāṇān āśu tyajati kilbiṣī
12. kilbiṣī yaḥ ca asthānakrodhanaḥ akasmāt ca virajyate,
(saḥ) āśu eva kalyāṇān suhṛdaḥ tyajati
12. And that wicked person (kilbiṣī) who gets angry inappropriately, suddenly develops an aversion, and quickly abandons well-wishing friends.
अल्पेऽप्यपकृते मूढस्तथाज्ञानात्कृतेऽपि च ।
कार्योपसेवी मित्रेषु मित्रद्वेषी नराधिप ॥१३॥
13. alpe'pyapakṛte mūḍhastathājñānātkṛte'pi ca ,
kāryopasevī mitreṣu mitradveṣī narādhipa.
13. alpe api apakṛte mūḍhaḥ tathā ajñānāt kṛte api
ca kāryopasevī mitreṣu mitradveṣī narādhipa
13. narādhipa,
mūḍhaḥ kāryopasevī mitradveṣī (bhavati) mitreṣu (saḥ) alpe apakṛte api ajñānāt kṛte api ca (sati)
13. O king (narādhipa), the foolish person (mūḍhaḥ) is hostile towards friends (mitradveṣī) and serves only for his own purposes (kāryopasevī) among them, even for a minor wrongdoing (alpe apakṛte) or one committed out of ignorance (ajñānāt kṛte api).
शत्रुर्मित्रमुखो यश्च जिह्मप्रेक्षी विलोभनः ।
न रज्यति च कल्याणे यस्त्यजेत्तादृशं नरम् ॥१४॥
14. śatrurmitramukho yaśca jihmaprekṣī vilobhanaḥ ,
na rajyati ca kalyāṇe yastyajettādṛśaṁ naram.
14. śatruḥ mitramukhaḥ yaḥ ca jihmaprekṣī vilobhanaḥ
na rajyati ca kalyāṇe yaḥ tyajet tādṛśam naram
14. yaḥ mitramukhaḥ śatruḥ ca jihmaprekṣī vilobhanaḥ
ca kalyāṇe na rajyati tādṛśam naram tyajet
14. One should abandon such a man who is an enemy (śatru) in the guise of a friend, who looks with deceit, is alluring, and does not rejoice in the welfare of others.
पानपो द्वेषणः क्रूरो निर्घृणः परुषस्तथा ।
परोपतापी मित्रध्रुक्तथा प्राणिवधे रतः ॥१५॥
15. pānapo dveṣaṇaḥ krūro nirghṛṇaḥ paruṣastathā ,
paropatāpī mitradhruktathā prāṇivadhe rataḥ.
15. pānapaḥ dveṣaṇaḥ krūraḥ nirghṛṇaḥ paruṣaḥ tathā
paropatāpī mitradhruk tathā prāṇivadhe rataḥ
15. pānapaḥ dveṣaṇaḥ krūraḥ nirghṛṇaḥ paruṣaḥ tathā
paropatāpī mitradhruk tathā prāṇivadhe rataḥ
15. One who is a drunkard, hateful, cruel, merciless, and harsh; one who torments others, betrays friends, and delights in the killing of living beings.
कृतघ्नश्चाधमो लोके न संधेयः कथंचन ।
छिद्रान्वेषी न संधेयः संधेयानपि मे शृणु ॥१६॥
16. kṛtaghnaścādhamo loke na saṁdheyaḥ kathaṁcana ,
chidrānveṣī na saṁdheyaḥ saṁdheyānapi me śṛṇu.
16. kṛtaghnaḥ ca adhamaḥ loke na saṃdheyaḥ kathaṃcana
chidrāṇveṣī na saṃdheyaḥ saṃdheyān api me śṛṇu
16. loke kṛtaghnaḥ ca adhamaḥ kathaṃcana na saṃdheyaḥ
chidrāṇveṣī na saṃdheyaḥ me saṃdheyān api śṛṇu
16. The ungrateful (kṛtaghna) and the vilest person in the world should never be allied with. A fault-finder should also not be allied with. Now, listen to me concerning those who are worthy of alliance.
कुलीना वाक्यसंपन्ना ज्ञानविज्ञानकोविदाः ।
मित्रज्ञाश्च कृतज्ञाश्च सर्वज्ञाः शोकवर्जिताः ॥१७॥
17. kulīnā vākyasaṁpannā jñānavijñānakovidāḥ ,
mitrajñāśca kṛtajñāśca sarvajñāḥ śokavarjitāḥ.
17. kulīnāḥ vākyasampannāḥ jñānavijñānakovidāḥ
mitrajñāḥ ca kṛtajñāḥ ca sarvajñāḥ śokavarjitāḥ
17. kulīnāḥ vākyasampannāḥ jñānavijñānakovidāḥ
mitrajñāḥ ca kṛtajñāḥ ca sarvajñāḥ śokavarjitāḥ
17. Those of noble birth, articulate, skilled in both theoretical knowledge (jñāna) and practical application (vijñāna), who understand true friendship, are grateful (kṛtajña), possess comprehensive knowledge, and are free from sorrow.
माधुर्यगुणसंपन्नाः सत्यसंधा जितेन्द्रियाः ।
व्यायामशीलाः सततं भृतपुत्राः कुलोद्गताः ॥१८॥
18. mādhuryaguṇasaṁpannāḥ satyasaṁdhā jitendriyāḥ ,
vyāyāmaśīlāḥ satataṁ bhṛtaputrāḥ kulodgatāḥ.
18. mādhurya-guṇa-sampannāḥ satya-sandhāḥ jita-indriyāḥ
vyāyāma-śīlāḥ satatam bhṛta-putrāḥ kula-udgatāḥ
18. mādhurya-guṇa-sampannāḥ satya-sandhāḥ jita-indriyāḥ
vyāyāma-śīlāḥ satatam bhṛta-putrāḥ kula-udgatāḥ
18. Those who are endowed with the quality of sweetness, adhere to truth, have conquered their senses, are constantly diligent, support their dependents, and are born of good families.
रूपवन्तो गुणोपेतास्तथालुब्धा जितश्रमाः ।
दोषैर्वियुक्ताः प्रथितैस्ते ग्राह्याः पार्थिवेन ह ॥१९॥
19. rūpavanto guṇopetāstathālubdhā jitaśramāḥ ,
doṣairviyuktāḥ prathitaiste grāhyāḥ pārthivena ha.
19. rūpavantaḥ guṇa-upetāḥ tathā a-lubdhāḥ jita-śramāḥ
doṣaiḥ vi-yuktāḥ prathitaiḥ te grāhyāḥ pārthivena ha
19. te rūpavantaḥ guṇa-upetāḥ tathā a-lubdhāḥ jita-śramāḥ
prathitaiḥ doṣaiḥ vi-yuktāḥ pārthivena ha grāhyāḥ
19. They are endowed with good looks and virtues, are not greedy, have overcome fatigue, and are free from notorious faults. Such persons should indeed be accepted by the king.
यथाशक्तिसमाचाराः सन्तस्तुष्यन्ति हि प्रभो ।
नास्थाने क्रोधवन्तश्च न चाकस्माद्विरागिणः ॥२०॥
20. yathāśaktisamācārāḥ santastuṣyanti hi prabho ,
nāsthāne krodhavantaśca na cākasmādvirāgiṇaḥ.
20. yathā-śakti-samācārāḥ santaḥ tuṣyanti hi prabho na
a-sthāne krodhavantaḥ ca na ca ākasmāt vi-rāgiṇaḥ
20. prabho santaḥ yathā-śakti-samācārāḥ hi tuṣyanti na
a-sthāne krodhavantaḥ ca na ca ākasmāt vi-rāgiṇaḥ
20. O Lord, virtuous people are content with conduct that aligns with their ability. They do not display anger without proper cause, nor do they suddenly become alienated.
विरक्ताश्च न रुष्यन्ति मनसाप्यर्थकोविदाः ।
आत्मानं पीडयित्वापि सुहृत्कार्यपरायणाः ।
न विरज्यन्ति मित्रेभ्यो वासो रक्तमिवाविकम् ॥२१॥
21. viraktāśca na ruṣyanti manasāpyarthakovidāḥ ,
ātmānaṁ pīḍayitvāpi suhṛtkāryaparāyaṇāḥ ,
na virajyanti mitrebhyo vāso raktamivāvikam.
21. vi-raktāḥ ca na ruṣyanti manasā api
artha-kovidāḥ ātmanām pīḍayitvā api
suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇāḥ na vi-rajyanti
mitrebhyaḥ vāsaḥ raktam iva āvikam
21. vi-raktāḥ ca artha-kovidāḥ api manasā
na ruṣyanti ātmanām api pīḍayitvā
suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇāḥ mitrebhyaḥ
na vi-rajyanti iva raktam āvikam vāsaḥ
21. Those who are dispassionate and even skilled in practical matters do not become mentally angered. Even afflicting themselves, they remain dedicated to the tasks of their friends. They do not become estranged from their friends, just as a dyed woolen garment does not lose its color.
दोषांश्च लोभमोहादीनर्थेषु युवतिष्वथ ।
न दर्शयन्ति सुहृदां विश्वस्ता बन्धुवत्सलाः ॥२२॥
22. doṣāṁśca lobhamohādīnartheṣu yuvatiṣvatha ,
na darśayanti suhṛdāṁ viśvastā bandhuvatsalāḥ.
22. doṣān ca lobhamohādīn artheṣu yuvatiṣu atha na
darśayanti suhṛdām viśvastāḥ bandhuvatsalāḥ
22. viśvastāḥ bandhuvatsalāḥ suhṛdām artheṣu yuvatiṣu
atha lobhamohādīn doṣān ca na darśayanti
22. Those who are trustworthy (viśvastāḥ) and affectionate towards their kinsmen do not reveal their faults, such as greed and delusion, concerning wealth and women, to their friends.
लोष्टकाञ्चनतुल्यार्थाः सुहृत्स्वशठबुद्धयः ।
ये चरन्त्यनभीमाना निसृष्टार्थविभूषणाः ।
संगृह्णन्तः परिजनं स्वाम्यर्थपरमाः सदा ॥२३॥
23. loṣṭakāñcanatulyārthāḥ suhṛtsvaśaṭhabuddhayaḥ ,
ye carantyanabhīmānā nisṛṣṭārthavibhūṣaṇāḥ ,
saṁgṛhṇantaḥ parijanaṁ svāmyarthaparamāḥ sadā.
23. loṣṭakāñcanatulyārthāḥ suhṛtsu
aśaṭhabuddhayaḥ ye caranti anabhīmānāḥ
nisṛṣṭārthavibhūṣaṇāḥ saṃgṛhṇantaḥ
parijanam svāmyarthaparamāḥ sadā
23. ye suhṛtsu aśaṭhabuddhayaḥ
loṣṭakāñcanatulyārthāḥ anabhīmānāḥ
nisṛṣṭārthavibhūṣaṇāḥ parijanam saṃgṛhṇantaḥ
svāmyarthaparamāḥ sadā caranti
23. Those who behave with honest intentions (aśaṭhabuddhayaḥ) towards their friends, who value a clod of earth and gold equally, who act without arrogance (anabhīmānāḥ), who have renounced their personal wealth and adornments, and who always support their dependents with the lord's welfare as their highest aim.
ईदृशैः पुरुषश्रेष्ठैः संधिं यः कुरुते नृपः ।
तस्य विस्तीर्यते राष्ट्रं ज्योत्स्ना ग्रहपतेरिव ॥२४॥
24. īdṛśaiḥ puruṣaśreṣṭhaiḥ saṁdhiṁ yaḥ kurute nṛpaḥ ,
tasya vistīryate rāṣṭraṁ jyotsnā grahapateriva.
24. īdṛśaiḥ puruṣaśreṣṭhaiḥ sandhim yaḥ kurute nṛpaḥ
tasya vistīryate rāṣṭram jyotsnā grahapateḥ iva
24. yaḥ nṛpaḥ īdṛśaiḥ puruṣaśreṣṭhaiḥ sandhim kurute,
tasya rāṣṭram grahapateḥ jyotsnā iva vistīryate
24. The king (nṛpaḥ) who forms an alliance (sandhi) with such excellent men (puruṣaśreṣṭhaiḥ) finds his kingdom expanding, just as moonlight spreads from the moon.
शास्त्रनित्या जितक्रोधा बलवन्तो रणप्रियाः ।
क्षान्ताः शीलगुणोपेताः संधेयाः पुरुषोत्तमाः ॥२५॥
25. śāstranityā jitakrodhā balavanto raṇapriyāḥ ,
kṣāntāḥ śīlaguṇopetāḥ saṁdheyāḥ puruṣottamāḥ.
25. śāstranityāḥ jitakrodhāḥ balavantaḥ raṇapriyāḥ
kṣāntāḥ śīlaguṇopetāḥ sandheyāḥ puruṣottamāḥ
25. śāstranityāḥ jitakrodhāḥ balavantaḥ raṇapriyāḥ
kṣāntāḥ śīlaguṇopetāḥ puruṣottamāḥ sandheyāḥ
25. Excellent men (puruṣottamāḥ) who are always guided by scriptures (śāstranityāḥ), who have conquered anger, who are powerful, fond of battle, patient, and endowed with good conduct and virtues, are those with whom alliances should be formed.
ये च दोषसमायुक्ता नराः प्रोक्ता मयानघ ।
तेषामप्यधमो राजन्कृतघ्नो मित्रघातकः ।
त्यक्तव्यः स दुराचारः सर्वेषामिति निश्चयः ॥२६॥
26. ye ca doṣasamāyuktā narāḥ proktā mayānagha ,
teṣāmapyadhamo rājankṛtaghno mitraghātakaḥ ,
tyaktavyaḥ sa durācāraḥ sarveṣāmiti niścayaḥ.
26. ye ca doṣasamāyuktāḥ narāḥ proktāḥ
mayā anagha teṣām api adhamaḥ rājan
kṛtaghnaḥ mitraghātakaḥ tyaktavyaḥ
saḥ durācāraḥ sarveṣām iti niścayaḥ
26. anagha rājan mayā ye ca doṣasamāyuktāḥ
narāḥ proktāḥ teṣām api kṛtaghnaḥ
mitraghātakaḥ adhamaḥ saḥ durācāraḥ
sarveṣām tyaktavyaḥ iti niścayaḥ
26. O sinless one, among those men afflicted with various faults whom I have described, O King, the worst of them is the ungrateful person and the betrayer of friends. It is a definite conclusion that such an evil-doer should be abandoned by everyone.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
विस्तरेणार्थसंबन्धं श्रोतुमिच्छामि पार्थिव ।
मित्रद्रोही कृतघ्नश्च यः प्रोक्तस्तं च मे वद ॥२७॥
27. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
vistareṇārthasaṁbandhaṁ śrotumicchāmi pārthiva ,
mitradrohī kṛtaghnaśca yaḥ proktastaṁ ca me vada.
27. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca vistareṇa arthasambandham śrotum icchāmi
pārthiva mitradrohī kṛtaghnaḥ ca yaḥ proktaḥ tam ca me vada
27. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pārthiva vistareṇa arthasambandham śrotum
icchāmi yaḥ ca mitradrohī kṛtaghnaḥ proktaḥ tam ca me vada
27. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O King, I wish to hear the detailed connection of the meaning (or context). And please tell me about the one who is described as a betrayer of friends and ungrateful.
भीष्म उवाच ।
हन्त ते वर्तयिष्येऽहमितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
उदीच्यां दिशि यद्वृत्तं म्लेच्छेषु मनुजाधिप ॥२८॥
28. bhīṣma uvāca ,
hanta te vartayiṣye'hamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
udīcyāṁ diśi yadvṛttaṁ mleccheṣu manujādhipa.
28. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta te vartayiṣye aham itihāsam
purātanam udīcyām diśi yat vṛttam mlecceṣu manujādhipa
28. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta manujādhipa aham te purātanam
itihāsam vartayiṣye yat mlecceṣu udīcyām diśi vṛttam
28. Bhīṣma said: Well then, O lord of men, I shall relate to you an ancient tale that took place in the northern region among the Mlecchas.
ब्राह्मणो मध्यदेशीयः कृष्णाङ्गो ब्रह्मवर्जितः ।
ग्रामं प्रेक्ष्य जनाकीर्णं प्राविशद्भैक्षकाङ्क्षया ॥२९॥
29. brāhmaṇo madhyadeśīyaḥ kṛṣṇāṅgo brahmavarjitaḥ ,
grāmaṁ prekṣya janākīrṇaṁ prāviśadbhaikṣakāṅkṣayā.
29. brāhmaṇaḥ madhyadeśīyaḥ kṛṣṇāṅgaḥ brahmavarjitaḥ
grāmam prekṣya janākīrṇam prāviśat bhaikṣakāṅkṣayā
29. madhyadeśīyaḥ kṛṣṇāṅgaḥ brahmavarjitaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ
janākīrṇam grāmam prekṣya bhaikṣakāṅkṣayā prāviśat
29. A Brāhmaṇa from the middle country, dark-skinned and devoid of Vedic knowledge (brahman), seeing a village crowded with people, entered it with the desire for alms.
तत्र दस्युर्धनयुतः सर्ववर्णविशेषवित् ।
ब्रह्मण्यः सत्यसंधश्च दाने च निरतोऽभवत् ॥३०॥
30. tatra dasyurdhanayutaḥ sarvavarṇaviśeṣavit ,
brahmaṇyaḥ satyasaṁdhaśca dāne ca nirato'bhavat.
30. tatra dasyuḥ dhanayutaḥ sarvavarṇaviśeṣavit
brahmaṇyaḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ ca dāne ca nirataḥ abhavat
30. tatra dasyuḥ dhanayutaḥ sarvavarṇaviśeṣavit
brahmaṇyaḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ ca dāne ca nirataḥ abhavat
30. There, the chieftain (dasyu) was wealthy, understood the distinctions of all social classes, was devoted to Brahmins, true to his pledges, and dedicated to charity (dāna).
तस्य क्षयमुपागम्य ततो भिक्षामयाचत ।
प्रतिश्रयं च वासार्थं भिक्षां चैवाथ वार्षिकीम् ॥३१॥
31. tasya kṣayamupāgamya tato bhikṣāmayācata ,
pratiśrayaṁ ca vāsārthaṁ bhikṣāṁ caivātha vārṣikīm.
31. tasya kṣayam upāgamya tataḥ bhikṣām ayācata
pratiśrayam ca vāsārtham bhikṣām ca eva atha vārṣikīm
31. tasya kṣayam upāgamya tataḥ bhikṣām pratiśrayam
ca vāsārtham vārṣikīm bhikṣām eva ca atha ayācata
31. Having approached his dwelling (kṣaya), he then begged for alms, and also for shelter (pratiśraya) for residence, and indeed, annual alms.
प्रादात्तस्मै स विप्राय वस्त्रं च सदृशं नवम् ।
नारीं चापि वयोपेतां भर्त्रा विरहितां तदा ॥३२॥
32. prādāttasmai sa viprāya vastraṁ ca sadṛśaṁ navam ,
nārīṁ cāpi vayopetāṁ bhartrā virahitāṁ tadā.
32. prādāt tasmai saḥ viprāya vastram ca sadṛśam navam
nārīm ca api vayopetām bhartrā virahitām tadā
32. saḥ tadā tasmai viprāya sadṛśam navam vastram ca
api bhartrā virahitām vayopetām nārīm ca prādāt
32. That chieftain then gave to that Brahmin a suitable new garment, and also a young woman (nārī) who was separated from her husband at that time.
एतत्संप्राप्य हृष्टात्मा दस्योः सर्वं द्विजस्तदा ।
तस्मिन्गृहवरे राजंस्तया रेमे स गौतमः ॥३३॥
33. etatsaṁprāpya hṛṣṭātmā dasyoḥ sarvaṁ dvijastadā ,
tasmingṛhavare rājaṁstayā reme sa gautamaḥ.
33. etat saṃprāpya hṛṣṭātmā dasyoḥ sarvam dvijaḥ tadā
tasmin gṛhavare rājan tayā reme saḥ gautamaḥ
33. rājan saḥ gautamaḥ dvijaḥ hṛṣṭātmā dasyoḥ etat
sarvam saṃprāpya tadā tayā tasmin gṛhavare reme
33. Having obtained all this from the chieftain (dasyu), that Brahmin (dvija), Gautama, joyful in spirit, then, O king, delighted with her in that excellent house.
कुटुम्बार्थेषु दस्योः स साहाय्यं चाप्यथाकरोत् ।
तत्रावसत्सोऽथ वर्षाः समृद्धे शबरालये ।
बाणवेध्ये परं यत्नमकरोच्चैव गौतमः ॥३४॥
34. kuṭumbārtheṣu dasyoḥ sa sāhāyyaṁ cāpyathākarot ,
tatrāvasatso'tha varṣāḥ samṛddhe śabarālaye ,
bāṇavedhye paraṁ yatnamakaroccaiva gautamaḥ.
34. kuṭumbārtheṣu dasyoḥ sa sāhāyyaṃ ca
api atha akarot tatra avasat saḥ atha
varṣāḥ samṛddhe śabarālaye bāṇavedhye
paraṃ yatnam akarot ca eva Gautamaḥ
34. sa dasyoḥ kuṭumbārtheṣu sāhāyyam ca
api atha akarot saḥ tatra atha varṣāḥ
samṛddhe śabarālaye avasat ca eva
Gautamaḥ bāṇavedhye param yatnam akarot
34. He also provided assistance to the dacoit for his family's needs. He then resided there for years in a prosperous Śabara village. And Gautama, indeed, made great efforts in archery.
वक्राङ्गांस्तु स नित्यं वै सर्वतो बाणगोचरे ।
जघान गौतमो राजन्यथा दस्युगणस्तथा ॥३५॥
35. vakrāṅgāṁstu sa nityaṁ vai sarvato bāṇagocare ,
jaghāna gautamo rājanyathā dasyugaṇastathā.
35. vakrāṅgān tu sa nityaṃ vai sarvataḥ bāṇagocare
jaghāna Gautamaḥ rājan yathā dasyugaṇaḥ tathā
35. rājan Gautamaḥ nityam vai jaghāna vakrāṅgān
sarvataḥ bāṇagocare yathā dasyugaṇaḥ tathā
35. O King, Gautama constantly hunted those with crooked limbs (animals) that were everywhere within the range of his arrows, just as a band of dacoits would.
हिंसापरो घृणाहीनः सदा प्राणिवधे रतः ।
गौतमः संनिकर्षेण दस्युभिः समतामियात् ॥३६॥
36. hiṁsāparo ghṛṇāhīnaḥ sadā prāṇivadhe rataḥ ,
gautamaḥ saṁnikarṣeṇa dasyubhiḥ samatāmiyāt.
36. hiṃsāparaḥ ghṛṇāhīnaḥ sadā prāṇivadhe rataḥ
Gautamaḥ saṃnikarṣeṇa dasyubhiḥ samatām iyāt
36. Gautamaḥ hiṃsāparaḥ ghṛṇāhīnaḥ sadā prāṇivadhe
rataḥ saṃnikarṣeṇa dasyubhiḥ samatām iyāt
36. Engaged in violence, devoid of pity, and always intent on killing living beings, Gautama would, by his close association, attain a state of equality with the dacoits.
तथा तु वसतस्तस्य दस्युग्रामे सुखं तदा ।
अगच्छन्बहवो मासा निघ्नतः पक्षिणो बहून् ॥३७॥
37. tathā tu vasatastasya dasyugrāme sukhaṁ tadā ,
agacchanbahavo māsā nighnataḥ pakṣiṇo bahūn.
37. tathā tu vasataḥ tasya dasyugrāme sukhaṃ tadā
agacchan bahavaḥ māsāḥ nighnataḥ pakṣiṇaḥ bahūn
37. tathā tu tasya dasyugrāme sukham vasataḥ tadā
bahavaḥ māsāḥ agacchan nighnataḥ bahūn pakṣiṇaḥ
37. Thus, as he was happily residing in the dacoit village, many months passed for him then, while he killed many birds.
ततः कदाचिदपरो द्विजस्तं देशमागमत् ।
जटी चीराजिनधरः स्वाध्यायपरमः शुचिः ॥३८॥
38. tataḥ kadācidaparo dvijastaṁ deśamāgamat ,
jaṭī cīrājinadharaḥ svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ.
38. tataḥ kadācit aparaḥ dvijaḥ tam deśam āgamat
jaṭī cīrājina-dharaḥ svādhyāya-paramaḥ śuciḥ
38. tataḥ kadācit aparaḥ dvijaḥ jaṭī cīrājina-dharaḥ
svādhyāya-paramaḥ śuciḥ tam deśam āgamat
38. Then, sometime later, another brahmin (dvija) arrived in that region. He was an ascetic with matted hair, wearing garments of bark and deerskin, supremely devoted to Vedic study (svādhyāya), and pure.
विनीतो नियताहारो ब्रह्मण्यो वेदपारगः ।
सब्रह्मचारी तद्देश्यः सखा तस्यैव सुप्रियम् ।
तं दस्युग्राममगमद्यत्रासौ गौतमोऽभवत् ॥३९॥
39. vinīto niyatāhāro brahmaṇyo vedapāragaḥ ,
sabrahmacārī taddeśyaḥ sakhā tasyaiva supriyam ,
taṁ dasyugrāmamagamadyatrāsau gautamo'bhavat.
39. vinītaḥ niyata-āhāraḥ brāhmaṇyaḥ
veda-pāragaḥ sa-brahmacārī tat-deśyaḥ sakhā
tasya eva su-priyam tam dasyu-grāmam
agamat yatra asau Gautamaḥ abhavat
39. saḥ vinītaḥ niyata-āhāraḥ brāhmaṇyaḥ
veda-pāragaḥ sa-brahmacārī tat-deśyaḥ tasya
eva su-priyam sakhā saḥ tam dasyu-grāmam
agamat yatra asau Gautamaḥ abhavat
39. He was disciplined, regulated in his diet, devoted to Brahmins (brāhmaṇya), thoroughly conversant with the Vedas, his fellow student, a native of that very region, and a very dear friend of his. He went to that village of bandits where Gautama resided.
स तु विप्रगृहान्वेषी शूद्रान्नपरिवर्जकः ।
ग्रामे दस्युजनाकीर्णे व्यचरत्सर्वतोदिशम् ॥४०॥
40. sa tu vipragṛhānveṣī śūdrānnaparivarjakaḥ ,
grāme dasyujanākīrṇe vyacaratsarvatodiśam.
40. saḥ tu vipra-gṛha-anveṣī śūdra-anna-parivarjakaḥ
grāme dasyu-jana-ākīrṇe vyacarat sarvataḥ diśam
40. saḥ tu vipra-gṛha-anveṣī śūdra-anna-parivarjakaḥ,
dasyu-jana-ākīrṇe grāme sarvataḥ diśam vyacarat
40. Searching for homes of Brahmins but avoiding the food of Śūdras, he wandered in all directions through the village, which was filled with bandit people.
ततः स गौतमगृहं प्रविवेश द्विजोत्तमः ।
गौतमश्चापि संप्राप्तस्तावन्योन्येन संगतौ ॥४१॥
41. tataḥ sa gautamagṛhaṁ praviveśa dvijottamaḥ ,
gautamaścāpi saṁprāptastāvanyonyena saṁgatau.
41. tataḥ saḥ Gautama-gṛham praviveśa dvijottamaḥ
Gautamaḥ ca api samprāptaḥ tau anyonyena saṃgatau
41. tataḥ saḥ dvijottamaḥ Gautama-gṛham praviveśa.
Gautamaḥ ca api samprāptaḥ,
(tena) tau anyonyena saṃgatau (abhavatām)
41. Then that excellent brahmin (dvijottama) entered Gautama's house. Gautama, too, had arrived, and the two met each other.
वक्राङ्गभारहस्तं तं धनुष्पाणिं कृतागसम् ।
रुधिरेणावसिक्ताङ्गं गृहद्वारमुपागतम् ॥४२॥
42. vakrāṅgabhārahastaṁ taṁ dhanuṣpāṇiṁ kṛtāgasam ,
rudhireṇāvasiktāṅgaṁ gṛhadvāramupāgatam.
42. vakraṅgabhārahastam tam dhanuṣpāṇim kṛtāgasam
rudhireṇa avasiktāṅgam gṛhadvāram upāgatam
42. tam vakrāṅgabhārahastam dhanuṣpāṇim kṛtāgasam
rudhireṇa avasiktāṅgam gṛhadvāram upāgatam
42. He, with his body bent and hands burdened, holding a bow, having committed an offense, his limbs drenched in blood, approached the door of the house.
तं दृष्ट्वा पुरुषादाभमपध्वस्तं क्षयागतम् ।
अभिज्ञाय द्विजो व्रीडामगमद्वाक्यमाह च ॥४३॥
43. taṁ dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābhamapadhvastaṁ kṣayāgatam ,
abhijñāya dvijo vrīḍāmagamadvākyamāha ca.
43. tam dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābham apadhvastam kṣayāgatam
abhijñāya dvijaḥ vrīḍām agamat vākyam āha ca
43. dvijaḥ tam dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābham apadhvastam
kṣayāgatam abhijñāya vrīḍām agamat ca vākyam āha
43. Having seen him, who appeared like a man-eater, utterly ruined and decaying, the Brahmin, recognizing him, felt shame and spoke these words.
किमिदं कुरुषे मौढ्याद्विप्रस्त्वं हि कुलोद्गतः ।
मध्यदेशपरिज्ञातो दस्युभावं गतः कथम् ॥४४॥
44. kimidaṁ kuruṣe mauḍhyādviprastvaṁ hi kulodgataḥ ,
madhyadeśaparijñāto dasyubhāvaṁ gataḥ katham.
44. kim idam kuruṣe mauḍhyāt vipraḥ tvam hi kulodgataḥ
madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ dasyubhāvam gataḥ katham
44. vipraḥ tvam hi kulodgataḥ madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ
kim idam mauḍhyāt kuruṣe katham dasyubhāvam gataḥ
44. What foolishness (mauḍhya) are you doing? You are indeed a Brahmin (vipra) born of a noble family, renowned throughout the Middle Country. How have you descended into the state of a brigand?
पूर्वान्स्मर द्विजाग्र्यांस्तान्प्रख्यातान्वेदपारगान् ।
येषां वंशेऽभिजातस्त्वमीदृशः कुलपांसनः ॥४५॥
45. pūrvānsmara dvijāgryāṁstānprakhyātānvedapāragān ,
yeṣāṁ vaṁśe'bhijātastvamīdṛśaḥ kulapāṁsanaḥ.
45. pūrvān smara dvijāgryān tān prakhyātān vedapāragān
yeṣām vaṃśe abhijātaḥ tvam īdṛśaḥ kulapāṃsanaḥ
45. tvam īdṛśaḥ kulapāṃsanaḥ yeṣām vaṃśe abhijātaḥ
tān pūrvān dvijāgryān prakhyātān vedapāragān smara
45. Remember those excellent, renowned Brahmins, the masters of the Vedas, your ancestors. In their lineage (vaṃśa), you, such a disgrace to the family, have been born.
अवबुध्यात्मनात्मानं सत्यं शीलं श्रुतं दमम् ।
अनुक्रोशं च संस्मृत्य त्यज वासमिमं द्विज ॥४६॥
46. avabudhyātmanātmānaṁ satyaṁ śīlaṁ śrutaṁ damam ,
anukrośaṁ ca saṁsmṛtya tyaja vāsamimaṁ dvija.
46. avabudhya ātmanā ātmānam satyam śīlam śrutam damam
anukrośam ca saṃsmṛtya tyaja vāsam imam dvija
46. dvija ātmanā ātmānam avabudhya ca satyam śīlam
śrutam damam anukrośam saṃsmṛtya imam vāsam tyaja
46. O twice-born one (dvija), by realizing your true self (ātman) through your own self, and by deeply recalling truth, good character, sacred knowledge, self-restraint, and compassion, abandon this dwelling.
एवमुक्तः स सुहृदा तदा तेन हितैषिणा ।
प्रत्युवाच ततो राजन्विनिश्चित्य तदार्तवत् ॥४७॥
47. evamuktaḥ sa suhṛdā tadā tena hitaiṣiṇā ,
pratyuvāca tato rājanviniścitya tadārtavat.
47. evam uktaḥ saḥ suhṛdā tadā tena hitaiṣiṇā
pratyuvāca tataḥ rājan viniścitya tat ārtavat
47. rājan tadā tena hitaiṣiṇā suhṛdā evam uktaḥ
saḥ tataḥ tat viniścitya ārtavat pratyuvāca
47. O King, when he was thus addressed by that well-wishing friend, he then replied, having considered the situation with distress.
अधनोऽस्मि द्विजश्रेष्ठ न च वेदविदप्यहम् ।
वृत्त्यर्थमिह संप्राप्तं विद्धि मां द्विजसत्तम ॥४८॥
48. adhano'smi dvijaśreṣṭha na ca vedavidapyaham ,
vṛttyarthamiha saṁprāptaṁ viddhi māṁ dvijasattama.
48. adhanaḥ asmi dvijaśreṣṭha na ca vedavid api aham
vṛttyartham iha samprāptam viddhi mām dvijasattama
48. dvijaśreṣṭha adhanaḥ asmi ca vedavid api na aham
iha vṛttyartham samprāptam mām dvijasattama viddhi
48. O excellent twice-born one (dvija), I am without wealth, nor am I even a knower of the Vedas. Know me, O best twice-born one (dvija), to have arrived here seeking my livelihood.
त्वद्दर्शनात्तु विप्रर्षे कृतार्थं वेद्म्यहं द्विज ।
आत्मानं सह यास्यावः श्वो वसाद्येह शर्वरीम् ॥४९॥
49. tvaddarśanāttu viprarṣe kṛtārthaṁ vedmyahaṁ dvija ,
ātmānaṁ saha yāsyāvaḥ śvo vasādyeha śarvarīm.
49. tvat darśanāt tu viprarṣe kṛtārtham vedmi aham dvija
ātmānam saha yāsyāvaḥ śvaḥ vasa adya iha śarvarīm
49. viprarṣe dvija tu tvat darśanāt aham ātmānam kṛtārtham
vedmi śvaḥ saha yāsyāvaḥ adya iha śarvarīm vasa
49. But merely by seeing you, O sage among Brahmins (viprarṣi), I consider myself fulfilled, O twice-born one (dvija). Tomorrow, we two shall go together. You stay here tonight.