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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-45

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अश्वत्थामोवाच ।
न च तावज्जिता गावो न च सीमान्तरं गताः ।
न हास्तिनपुरं प्राप्तास्त्वं च कर्ण विकत्थसे ॥१॥
1. aśvatthāmovāca ,
na ca tāvajjitā gāvo na ca sīmāntaraṁ gatāḥ ,
na hāstinapuraṁ prāptāstvaṁ ca karṇa vikatthase.
1. aśvatthāmā uvāca na ca tāvat jitāḥ gāvaḥ na ca sīmāntaram
gatāḥ na hastināpuram prāptāḥ tvam ca karṇa vikatthase
1. Aśvatthāmā said: 'The cows have not yet been won, nor have the borders been crossed. Hastināpura has not been reached, and yet, Karṇa, you are boasting!'
संग्रामान्सुबहूञ्जित्वा लब्ध्वा च विपुलं धनम् ।
विजित्य च परां भूमिं नाहुः किंचन पौरुषम् ॥२॥
2. saṁgrāmānsubahūñjitvā labdhvā ca vipulaṁ dhanam ,
vijitya ca parāṁ bhūmiṁ nāhuḥ kiṁcana pauruṣam.
2. saṃgrāmān subahūn jitvā labdhvā ca vipulaṃ dhanam
vijitya ca parām bhūmim na āhuḥ kiṃcana pauruṣam
2. Having conquered many battles, acquired vast wealth, and overcome great lands, they (the wise) do not declare any of this to be true valor (pauruṣa) whatsoever.
पचत्यग्निरवाक्यस्तु तूष्णीं भाति दिवाकरः ।
तूष्णीं धारयते लोकान्वसुधा सचराचरान् ॥३॥
3. pacatyagniravākyastu tūṣṇīṁ bhāti divākaraḥ ,
tūṣṇīṁ dhārayate lokānvasudhā sacarācarān.
3. pacati agniḥ avākyaḥ tu tūṣṇīm bhāti divākaraḥ
tūṣṇīm dhārayate lokān vasudhā sacarācarān
3. Fire cooks silently, and the sun shines quietly. The earth (vasudhā) silently sustains all beings, both moving and non-moving.
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य कर्माणि विहितानि मनीषिभिः ।
धनं यैरधिगन्तव्यं यच्च कुर्वन्न दुष्यति ॥४॥
4. cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi vihitāni manīṣibhiḥ ,
dhanaṁ yairadhigantavyaṁ yacca kurvanna duṣyati.
4. cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi vihitāni manīṣibhiḥ dhanam
yaiḥ adhigantavyaṃ yat ca kurvan na duṣyati
4. The duties (karma) of the four social classes (cāturvarṇya) were prescribed by the wise, and these are the duties by which wealth is to be acquired, and performing which one does not become tainted.
अधीत्य ब्राह्मणो वेदान्याजयेत यजेत च ।
क्षत्रियो धनुराश्रित्य यजेतैव न याजयेत् ।
वैश्योऽधिगम्य द्रव्याणि ब्रह्मकर्माणि कारयेत् ॥५॥
5. adhītya brāhmaṇo vedānyājayeta yajeta ca ,
kṣatriyo dhanurāśritya yajetaiva na yājayet ,
vaiśyo'dhigamya dravyāṇi brahmakarmāṇi kārayet.
5. adhītya brāhmaṇaḥ vedān yājayeta
yajeta ca kṣatriyaḥ dhanuḥ āśritya
yajeta eva na yājayet vaiśyaḥ
adhigamya dravyāṇi brahmakarmāṇi kārayet
5. Having studied the Vedas, a Brahmin should perform sacrifices and also officiate them. A Kshatriya, relying on his bow (i.e., ruling/protecting), should perform sacrifices himself, but should certainly not officiate them for others. A Vaishya, having acquired wealth, should cause priestly duties to be performed.
वर्तमाना यथाशास्त्रं प्राप्य चापि महीमिमाम् ।
सत्कुर्वन्ति महाभागा गुरून्सुविगुणानपि ॥६॥
6. vartamānā yathāśāstraṁ prāpya cāpi mahīmimām ,
satkurvanti mahābhāgā gurūnsuviguṇānapi.
6. vartamānā yathāśāstram prāpya ca api mahīm imām
satkurvanti mahābhāgāḥ gurūn suviguṇān api
6. Even after obtaining this earth, noble persons who act according to the scriptures honor highly virtuous teachers.
प्राप्य द्यूतेन को राज्यं क्षत्रियस्तोष्टुमर्हति ।
तथा नृशंसरूपेण यथान्यः प्राकृतो जनः ॥७॥
7. prāpya dyūtena ko rājyaṁ kṣatriyastoṣṭumarhati ,
tathā nṛśaṁsarūpeṇa yathānyaḥ prākṛto janaḥ.
7. prāpya dyūtena kaḥ rājyam kṣatriyaḥ toṣṭum arhati
tathā nṛśaṃsarūpeṇa yathā anyaḥ prākṛtaḥ janaḥ
7. What kṣatriya (warrior) would be pleased to gain a kingdom through gambling, especially when obtained by cruel means, just like any common person would?
तथावाप्तेषु वित्तेषु को विकत्थेद्विचक्षणः ।
निकृत्या वञ्चनायोगैश्चरन्वैतंसिको यथा ॥८॥
8. tathāvāpteṣu vitteṣu ko vikatthedvicakṣaṇaḥ ,
nikṛtyā vañcanāyogaiścaranvaitaṁsiko yathā.
8. tathā avāpteṣu vitteṣu kaḥ vikatthet vicakṣaṇaḥ
nikṛtyā vañcanāyogaiḥ caran vaitaṃsikaḥ yathā
8. Which discerning person would boast about wealth obtained through fraud and deceptive means, just like a fowler (hunter) who acts deceitfully?
कतमद्द्वैरथं युद्धं यत्राजैषीर्धनंजयम् ।
नकुलं सहदेवं च धनं येषां त्वया हृतम् ॥९॥
9. katamaddvairathaṁ yuddhaṁ yatrājaiṣīrdhanaṁjayam ,
nakulaṁ sahadevaṁ ca dhanaṁ yeṣāṁ tvayā hṛtam.
9. katamat dvairatham yuddham yatra ajaiṣīḥ dhanañjayam
nakulam sahadevam ca dhanam yeṣām tvayā hṛtam
9. Which single combat was it, which battle, where you defeated Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, whose wealth you have seized?
युधिष्ठिरो जितः कस्मिन्भीमश्च बलिनां वरः ।
इन्द्रप्रस्थं त्वया कस्मिन्संग्रामे निर्जितं पुरा ॥१०॥
10. yudhiṣṭhiro jitaḥ kasminbhīmaśca balināṁ varaḥ ,
indraprasthaṁ tvayā kasminsaṁgrāme nirjitaṁ purā.
10. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ jitaḥ kasmin bhīmaḥ ca balinām varaḥ
indraprastham tvayā kasmin saṃgrāme nirjitam purā
10. In which battle was Yudhiṣṭhira conquered, and Bhīma, the best of the strong? And in which battle was Indraprastha conquered by you previously?
तथैव कतमं युद्धं यस्मिन्कृष्णा जिता त्वया ।
एकवस्त्रा सभां नीता दुष्टकर्मन्रजस्वला ॥११॥
11. tathaiva katamaṁ yuddhaṁ yasminkṛṣṇā jitā tvayā ,
ekavastrā sabhāṁ nītā duṣṭakarmanrajasvalā.
11. tathā eva katamam yuddham yasmin kṛṣṇā jitā
tvayā ekavastrā sabhām nītā duṣṭakarman rajasvalā
11. Likewise, in which battle was Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) conquered by you? O evil-doer, she was brought to the assembly wearing only one garment, while she was menstruating.
मूलमेषां महत्कृत्तं सारार्थी चन्दनं यथा ।
कर्म कारयिथाः शूर तत्र किं विदुरोऽब्रवीत् ॥१२॥
12. mūlameṣāṁ mahatkṛttaṁ sārārthī candanaṁ yathā ,
karma kārayithāḥ śūra tatra kiṁ viduro'bravīt.
12. mūlam eṣām mahat kṛttam sārārthī candanam yathā
karma kārayithāḥ śūra tatra kim viduraḥ abravīt
12. Their great root was severed, just as sandalwood is cut for its essence. O hero, you caused these deeds (karma) to be done. What did Vidura say there?
यथाशक्ति मनुष्याणां शममालक्षयामहे ।
अन्येषां चैव सत्त्वानामपि कीटपिपीलिके ॥१३॥
13. yathāśakti manuṣyāṇāṁ śamamālakṣayāmahe ,
anyeṣāṁ caiva sattvānāmapi kīṭapipīlike.
13. yathāśakti manuṣyāṇām śamam ālakṣayāmahe
anyeṣām ca eva sattvānām api kīṭapipīlike
13. We observe tranquility (śama) in humans according to their capacity, and indeed, also in other living beings (sattva), even in insects and ants.
द्रौपद्यास्तं परिक्लेशं न क्षन्तुं पाण्डवोऽर्हति ।
दुःखाय धार्तराष्ट्राणां प्रादुर्भूतो धनंजयः ॥१४॥
14. draupadyāstaṁ parikleśaṁ na kṣantuṁ pāṇḍavo'rhati ,
duḥkhāya dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ prādurbhūto dhanaṁjayaḥ.
14. draupadyāḥ tam parikleśam na kṣantum pāṇḍavaḥ arhati
duḥkhāya dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām prādurbhūtaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ
14. The Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) should not forgive that great suffering and humiliation of Draupadī. Dhananjaya (Arjuna) has manifested to bring sorrow to the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas).
त्वं पुनः पण्डितो भूत्वा वाचं वक्तुमिहेच्छसि ।
वैरान्तकरणो जिष्णुर्न नः शेषं करिष्यति ॥१५॥
15. tvaṁ punaḥ paṇḍito bhūtvā vācaṁ vaktumihecchasi ,
vairāntakaraṇo jiṣṇurna naḥ śeṣaṁ kariṣyati.
15. tvam punaḥ paṇḍitaḥ bhūtvā vācam vaktum iha icchasi
vaira-anta-karaṇaḥ jiṣṇuḥ na naḥ śeṣam kariṣyati
15. But you, pretending to be a wise man, wish to speak here. Jiṣṇu (Arjuna), the one who puts an end to hostility, will not leave any of our enemies remaining.
नैष देवान्न गन्धर्वान्नासुरान्न च राक्षसान् ।
भयादिह न युध्येत कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजयः ॥१६॥
16. naiṣa devānna gandharvānnāsurānna ca rākṣasān ,
bhayādiha na yudhyeta kuntīputro dhanaṁjayaḥ.
16. na eṣaḥ devān na gandharvān na asurān na ca rākṣasān
bhayāt iha na yudhyeta kuntīputraḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ
16. This Dhananjaya (Arjuna), the son of Kuntī, would not, out of fear, refrain from fighting here even against the gods, Gandharvas, Asuras, or Rākṣasas.
यं यमेषोऽभिसंक्रुद्धः संग्रामेऽभिपतिष्यति ।
वृक्षं गरुडवेगेन विनिहत्य तमेष्यति ॥१७॥
17. yaṁ yameṣo'bhisaṁkruddhaḥ saṁgrāme'bhipatiṣyati ,
vṛkṣaṁ garuḍavegena vinihatya tameṣyati.
17. yam yam eṣaḥ abhisaṃkruddhaḥ saṃgrāme abhipatiṣyati
vṛkṣam garuḍa-vegena vinihatya tam eṣyati
17. Whomsoever this enraged (Arjuna) attacks in battle, he will certainly strike him down with the speed of Garuḍa, just as Garuḍa fells a tree.
त्वत्तो विशिष्टं वीर्येण धनुष्यमरराट्समम् ।
वासुदेवसमं युद्धे तं पार्थं को न पूजयेत् ॥१८॥
18. tvatto viśiṣṭaṁ vīryeṇa dhanuṣyamararāṭsamam ,
vāsudevasamaṁ yuddhe taṁ pārthaṁ ko na pūjayet.
18. tvattaḥ viśiṣṭam vīryeṇa dhanuṣi amararāṭsamam
vāsudevasamam yuddhe tam pārtham kaḥ na pūjayet
18. Who would not honor that Arjuna (Pārtha), who is superior to you in valor, equal to Indra (amararāṭ) in archery, and equal to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) in battle?
दैवं दैवेन युध्येत मानुषेण च मानुषम् ।
अस्त्रेणास्त्रं समाहन्यात्कोऽर्जुनेन समः पुमान् ॥१९॥
19. daivaṁ daivena yudhyeta mānuṣeṇa ca mānuṣam ,
astreṇāstraṁ samāhanyātko'rjunena samaḥ pumān.
19. daivam daivena yudhyeta mānuṣeṇa ca mānuṣam
astreṇa astram samāhanyāt kaḥ arjunena samaḥ pumān
19. A divine power should be fought with a divine power, and a human power with a human power. A weapon (astram) should be counteracted with a weapon. What man is equal to Arjuna?
पुत्रादनन्तरः शिष्य इति धर्मविदो विदुः ।
एतेनापि निमित्तेन प्रियो द्रोणस्य पाण्डवः ॥२०॥
20. putrādanantaraḥ śiṣya iti dharmavido viduḥ ,
etenāpi nimittena priyo droṇasya pāṇḍavaḥ.
20. putrāt anantaraḥ śiṣyaḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ
etena api nimittena priyaḥ droṇasya pāṇḍavaḥ
20. Experts in natural law (dharma) know that a disciple is considered to be next only to a son. For this very reason, Arjuna, the Pāṇḍava, is dear to Droṇa.
यथा त्वमकरोर्द्यूतमिन्द्रप्रस्थं यथाहरः ।
यथानैषीः सभां कृष्णां तथा युध्यस्व पाण्डवम् ॥२१॥
21. yathā tvamakarordyūtamindraprasthaṁ yathāharaḥ ,
yathānaiṣīḥ sabhāṁ kṛṣṇāṁ tathā yudhyasva pāṇḍavam.
21. yathā tvam akaroḥ dyūtam indraprastham yathā aharaḥ
yathā anaiṣīḥ sabhāṃ kṛṣṇāṃ tathā yudhyasva pāṇḍavam
21. Just as you arranged the gambling game, just as you seized Indrapraṣṭha, and just as you led Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) to the assembly, so now you should fight the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna).
अयं ते मातुलः प्राज्ञः क्षत्रधर्मस्य कोविदः ।
दुर्द्यूतदेवी गान्धारः शकुनिर्युध्यतामिह ॥२२॥
22. ayaṁ te mātulaḥ prājñaḥ kṣatradharmasya kovidaḥ ,
durdyūtadevī gāndhāraḥ śakuniryudhyatāmiha.
22. ayam te mātulaḥ prājñaḥ kṣatradharmasya kovidaḥ
durdyūtadevī gāndhāraḥ śakuniḥ yudhyatām iha
22. This is your wise maternal uncle, an expert in the natural law (dharma) of a warrior. Let Śakuni of Gāndhāra, who delights in evil gambling, fight here.
नाक्षान्क्षिपति गाण्डीवं न कृतं द्वापरं न च ।
ज्वलतो निशितान्बाणांस्तीक्ष्णान्क्षिपति गाण्डिवम् ॥२३॥
23. nākṣānkṣipati gāṇḍīvaṁ na kṛtaṁ dvāparaṁ na ca ,
jvalato niśitānbāṇāṁstīkṣṇānkṣipati gāṇḍivam.
23. na akṣān kṣipati gāṇḍīvam na kṛtam dvāparam na ca
jvalataḥ niśitān bāṇān tīkṣṇān kṣipati gāṇḍīvam
23. Gāṇḍīva does not throw dice, nor the 'kṛta' (four-point throw in dice), nor the 'dvāpara' (two-point throw in dice). Instead, Gāṇḍīva throws blazing, sharpened, and piercing arrows.
न हि गाण्डीवनिर्मुक्ता गार्ध्रपत्राः सुतेजनाः ।
अन्तरेष्ववतिष्ठन्ति गिरीणामपि दारणाः ॥२४॥
24. na hi gāṇḍīvanirmuktā gārdhrapatrāḥ sutejanāḥ ,
antareṣvavatiṣṭhanti girīṇāmapi dāraṇāḥ.
24. na hi gāṇḍīvanirmuktāḥ gārdhrapatrāḥ sutejanāḥ
antareṣu avatiṣṭhanti girīṇām api dāraṇāḥ
24. Indeed, arrows released from Gāṇḍīva, fletched with vulture feathers and extremely keen, do not stop even within mountains, but rather shatter them.
अन्तकः शमनो मृत्युस्तथाग्निर्वडवामुखः ।
कुर्युरेते क्वचिच्छेषं न तु क्रुद्धो धनंजयः ॥२५॥
25. antakaḥ śamano mṛtyustathāgnirvaḍavāmukhaḥ ,
kuryurete kvaciccheṣaṁ na tu kruddho dhanaṁjayaḥ.
25. antakaḥ śamanaḥ mṛtyuḥ tathā agniḥ vaḍavāmukhaḥ
kuryuḥ ete kvacit śeṣam na tu kruddhaḥ dhananjayaḥ
25. Antaka (Yama), Śamana (Yama), Mṛtyu (Death), and even Agni (fire) with Vaḍavāmukha (the submarine fire), might sometimes leave something remaining. But an enraged Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) will certainly not.
युध्यतां काममाचार्यो नाहं योत्स्ये धनंजयम् ।
मत्स्यो ह्यस्माभिरायोध्यो यद्यागच्छेद्गवां पदम् ॥२६॥
26. yudhyatāṁ kāmamācāryo nāhaṁ yotsye dhanaṁjayam ,
matsyo hyasmābhirāyodhyo yadyāgacchedgavāṁ padam.
26. yudhyatām kāmam ācāryaḥ na aham yotsye dhanañjayam
matsyaḥ hi asmābhiḥ āyodhyaḥ yadi āgacchet gavām padam
26. Let the preceptor fight as he wishes; I will not fight Dhanañjaya. Indeed, we must fight Matsya if he enters the cattle's grazing grounds.