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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-134

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महेश्वर उवाच ।
परावरज्ञे धर्मज्ञे तपोवननिवासिनि ।
साध्वि सुभ्रु सुकेशान्ते हिमवत्पर्वतात्मजे ॥१॥
1. maheśvara uvāca ,
parāvarajñe dharmajñe tapovananivāsini ,
sādhvi subhru sukeśānte himavatparvatātmaje.
1. maheśvara uvāca parāvarajñe dharmajñe tapovananivāsini
sādhvi subhru sukeśānte himavatparvatātmaje
1. maheśvara uvāca.
he parāvarajñe! he dharmajñe! he tapovananivāsini! he sādhvi! he subhru! he sukeśānte! he himavatparvatātmaje!
1. Maheśvara said: O knower of both the higher and the lower truths, O knower of natural law (dharma), O dweller in the sacred forest (tapovana), O virtuous one, O lady with beautiful eyebrows, O lady with beautiful hair, O daughter of the Himavat mountain!
दक्षे शमदमोपेते निर्ममे धर्मचारिणि ।
पृच्छामि त्वां वरारोहे पृष्टा वद ममेप्सितम् ॥२॥
2. dakṣe śamadamopete nirmame dharmacāriṇi ,
pṛcchāmi tvāṁ varārohe pṛṣṭā vada mamepsitam.
2. dakṣe śamadamopete nirmame dharmacāriṇi
pṛcchāmi tvām varārohe pṛṣṭā vada mama īpsitam
2. he dakṣe! he śamadamopete! he nirmame! he dharmacāriṇi! he varārohe! aham tvām pṛcchāmi.
pṛṣṭā (satī tvam) mama īpsitam vada.
2. O capable one, endowed with tranquility and self-restraint, free from possessiveness, O observer of natural law (dharma), I ask you, O lady with beautiful hips; being questioned, please tell me my desired outcome.
सावित्री ब्रह्मणः साध्वी कौशिकस्य शची सती ।
मार्तण्डजस्य धूमोर्णा ऋद्धिर्वैश्रवणस्य च ॥३॥
3. sāvitrī brahmaṇaḥ sādhvī kauśikasya śacī satī ,
mārtaṇḍajasya dhūmorṇā ṛddhirvaiśravaṇasya ca.
3. sāvitrī brahmaṇaḥ sādhvī kauśikasya śacī satī
mārtaṇḍajasya dhūmorṇā ṛddhiḥ vaiśravaṇasya ca
3. brahmaṇaḥ sādhvī sāvitrī.
kauśikasya satī śacī.
mārtaṇḍajasya dhūmorṇā ca vaiśravaṇasya ṛddhiḥ.
3. Sāvitrī is the chaste wife of Brahmā; Śacī is the chaste wife of Kauśika (Indra); Dhūmorṇā is the wife of Mārtaṇḍaja (Yama); and Ṛddhi is the wife of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera).
वरुणस्य ततो गौरी सूर्यस्य च सुवर्चला ।
रोहिणी शशिनः साध्वी स्वाहा चैव विभावसोः ॥४॥
4. varuṇasya tato gaurī sūryasya ca suvarcalā ,
rohiṇī śaśinaḥ sādhvī svāhā caiva vibhāvasoḥ.
4. varuṇasya tataḥ gaurī sūryasya ca suvarcalā
rohiṇī śaśinaḥ sādhvī svāhā ca eva vibhāvasoḥ
4. tataḥ varuṇasya gaurī ca sūryasya suvarcalā
śaśinaḥ sādhvī rohiṇī ca eva vibhāvasoḥ svāhā
4. Then, Gauri is the wife of Varuna, and Suvarcala is the wife of Surya. Rohini is the chaste wife of the moon god, and Svaha is indeed the wife of Vibhavasu (Agni).
अदितिः कश्यपस्याथ सर्वास्ताः पतिदेवताः ।
पृष्टाश्चोपासिताश्चैव तास्त्वया देवि नित्यशः ॥५॥
5. aditiḥ kaśyapasyātha sarvāstāḥ patidevatāḥ ,
pṛṣṭāścopāsitāścaiva tāstvayā devi nityaśaḥ.
5. aditiḥ kaśyapasya atha sarvāḥ tāḥ patidevatāḥ
pṛṣṭāḥ ca upāsitāḥ ca eva tāḥ tvayā devi nityaśaḥ
5. atha aditiḥ kaśyapasya.
sarvāḥ tāḥ patidevatāḥ.
devi,
tvayā tāḥ nityaśaḥ pṛṣṭāḥ ca eva upāsitāḥ ca.
5. Aditi is the wife of Kaśyapa. All those wives are devoted to their husbands. O goddess, you have constantly questioned and worshipped them.
तेन त्वां परिपृच्छामि धर्मज्ञे धर्मवादिनि ।
स्त्रीधर्मं श्रोतुमिच्छामि त्वयोदाहृतमादितः ॥६॥
6. tena tvāṁ paripṛcchāmi dharmajñe dharmavādini ,
strīdharmaṁ śrotumicchāmi tvayodāhṛtamāditaḥ.
6. tena tvām paripṛcchāmi dharmajñe dharmavādini
strīdhamam śrotum icchāmi tvayā udāhṛtam āditaḥ
6. tena (he) dharmajñe dharmavādini (you) tvām paripṛcchāmi.
(aham) tvayā āditaḥ udāhṛtam strīdharmaṃ śrotum icchāmi.
6. Therefore, I ask you, O knower of [dharma] and speaker of [dharma]. I wish to hear the [dharma] of women as explained by you from the very beginning.
सहधर्मचरी मे त्वं समशीला समव्रता ।
समानसारवीर्या च तपस्तीव्रं कृतं च ते ।
त्वया ह्युक्तो विशेषेण प्रमाणत्वमुपैष्यति ॥७॥
7. sahadharmacarī me tvaṁ samaśīlā samavratā ,
samānasāravīryā ca tapastīvraṁ kṛtaṁ ca te ,
tvayā hyukto viśeṣeṇa pramāṇatvamupaiṣyati.
7. sahadharmacarī me tvam samaśīlā
samavratā samānasāravīryā ca tapaḥ
tīvram kṛtam ca te tvayā hi
uktaḥ viśeṣeṇa pramāṇatvam upaiṣyati
7. tvam me sahadharmacarī,
samaśīlā,
samavratā,
ca samānasāravīryā (asi).
ca te tīvram tapaḥ kṛtam (asti).
hi tvayā uktaḥ (arthaḥ) viśeṣeṇa pramāṇatvam upaiṣyati.
7. You are my companion in [dharma], of similar character and similar vows. You have also performed intense asceticism (tapas). Indeed, what is spoken by you will especially attain validity (pramāṇatvam).
स्त्रियश्चैव विशेषेण स्त्रीजनस्य गतिः सदा ।
गौर्गां गच्छति सुश्रोणि लोकेष्वेषा स्थितिः सदा ॥८॥
8. striyaścaiva viśeṣeṇa strījanasya gatiḥ sadā ,
gaurgāṁ gacchati suśroṇi lokeṣveṣā sthitiḥ sadā.
8. striyaḥ ca eva viśeṣeṇa strījanasya gatiḥ sadā
gauḥ gām gacchati suśroṇi lokeṣu eṣā sthitiḥ sadā
8. suśroṇi striyaḥ ca eva viśeṣeṇa strījanasya gatiḥ
sadā gauḥ gām gacchati lokeṣu eṣā sthitiḥ sadā
8. O beautiful one, women, especially, always find their way among other women. Just as a cow seeks another cow, this is always the natural order (dharma) in the worlds.
मम चार्धं शरीरस्य मम चार्धाद्विनिःसृता ।
सुरकार्यकरी च त्वं लोकसंतानकारिणी ॥९॥
9. mama cārdhaṁ śarīrasya mama cārdhādviniḥsṛtā ,
surakāryakarī ca tvaṁ lokasaṁtānakāriṇī.
9. mama ca ardham śarīrasya mama ca ardhāt
viniḥsṛtā surakāryakarī ca tvam lokasaṃtānakāriṇī
9. tvam mama śarīrasya ardham ca mama ardhāt
viniḥsṛtā ca surakāryakarī ca lokasaṃtānakāriṇī
9. And you are half of my body, sprung forth from my other half. Moreover, you perform the work of the gods and ensure the continuation of the worlds.
तव सर्वः सुविदितः स्त्रीधर्मः शाश्वतः शुभे ।
तस्मादशेषतो ब्रूहि स्त्रीधर्मं विस्तरेण मे ॥१०॥
10. tava sarvaḥ suviditaḥ strīdharmaḥ śāśvataḥ śubhe ,
tasmādaśeṣato brūhi strīdharmaṁ vistareṇa me.
10. tava sarvaḥ suviditaḥ strīdharmaḥ śāśvataḥ śubhe
tasmāt aśeṣataḥ brūhi strīdharmaṃ vistareṇa me
10. śubhe tava sarvaḥ śāśvataḥ strīdharmaḥ suviditaḥ
tasmāt me strīdharmaṃ aśeṣataḥ vistareṇa brūhi
10. O auspicious one, you are fully acquainted with all the eternal principles (dharma) of women. Therefore, please describe the principles (dharma) of women to me in detail.
उमोवाच ।
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश भूतभव्यभवोद्भव ।
त्वत्प्रभावादियं देव वाक्चैव प्रतिभाति मे ॥११॥
11. umovāca ,
bhagavansarvabhūteśa bhūtabhavyabhavodbhava ,
tvatprabhāvādiyaṁ deva vākcaiva pratibhāti me.
11. umā uvāca bhagavan sarvabhūteśa bhūtabhavyabhavodbhava
tvatprabhāvāt iyam deva vāk ca eva pratibhāti me
11. umā uvāca bhagavan sarvabhūteśa bhūtabhavyabhavodbhava
deva tvatprabhāvāt iyam vāk ca eva me pratibhāti
11. Uma said: "O Lord, O controller of all beings, O origin of past, future, and present existence! Indeed, O god, by your influence this speech arises within me."
इमास्तु नद्यो देवेश सर्वतीर्थोदकैर्युताः ।
उपस्पर्शनहेतोस्त्वा समीपस्था उपासते ॥१२॥
12. imāstu nadyo deveśa sarvatīrthodakairyutāḥ ,
upasparśanahetostvā samīpasthā upāsate.
12. imāḥ tu nadyaḥ deveśa sarvatīrthodakaiḥ yutāḥ
upasparśanahetoḥ tvā samīpasthāḥ upāsate
12. deveśa imāḥ nadyaḥ tu sarvatīrthodakaiḥ yutāḥ
samīpasthāḥ tvā upasparśanahetoḥ upāsate
12. O Lord of gods, these rivers, filled with the waters from all sacred bathing places, approach you and attend upon you for the purpose of purification.
एताभिः सह संमन्त्र्य प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः ।
प्रभवन्योऽनहंवादी स वै पुरुष उच्यते ॥१३॥
13. etābhiḥ saha saṁmantrya pravakṣyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ ,
prabhavanyo'nahaṁvādī sa vai puruṣa ucyate.
13. etābhiḥ saha saṃmantrya pravakṣyāmi anupūrvaśaḥ
prabhavan yaḥ anahaṃvādī sa vai puruṣa ucyate
13. etābhiḥ saha saṃmantrya anupūrvaśaḥ pravakṣyāmi
yaḥ prabhavan anahaṃvādī sa vai puruṣa ucyate
13. Having consulted with these (rivers), I will declare (this) in due order. Indeed, he who is capable and free from ego (anahaṃvādī), that one is truly called a person (puruṣa).
स्त्री च भूतेश सततं स्त्रियमेवानुधावति ।
मया संमानिताश्चैव भविष्यन्ति सरिद्वराः ॥१४॥
14. strī ca bhūteśa satataṁ striyamevānudhāvati ,
mayā saṁmānitāścaiva bhaviṣyanti saridvarāḥ.
14. strī ca bhūteśa satataṃ striyam eva anudhāvati
mayā saṃmānitāḥ ca eva bhaviṣyanti saridvarāḥ
14. bhūteśa strī ca satataṃ striyam eva anudhāvati
mayā saṃmānitāḥ ca eva saridvarāḥ bhaviṣyanti
14. O Lord of beings, a woman always pursues what is feminine. And indeed, these (rivers), having been honored by me, will become the most excellent rivers.
एषा सरस्वती पुण्या नदीनामुत्तमा नदी ।
प्रथमा सर्वसरितां नदी सागरगामिनी ॥१५॥
15. eṣā sarasvatī puṇyā nadīnāmuttamā nadī ,
prathamā sarvasaritāṁ nadī sāgaragāminī.
15. eṣā sarasvatī puṇyā nadīnām uttamā nadī
prathamā sarvasaritām nadī sāgaragāminī
15. eṣā puṇyā sarasvatī nadīnām uttamā nadī
prathamā sarvasaritām nadī sāgaragāminī
15. This pure Sarasvati (Sarasvatī) is the most excellent river among all rivers. She is the foremost of all streams, a river that flows to the ocean.
विपाशा च वितस्ता च चन्द्रभागा इरावती ।
शतद्रुर्देविका सिन्धुः कौशिकी गोमती तथा ॥१६॥
16. vipāśā ca vitastā ca candrabhāgā irāvatī ,
śatadrurdevikā sindhuḥ kauśikī gomatī tathā.
16. vipāśā ca vitastā ca candrabhāgā irāvatī
śatadruḥ devikā sindhuḥ kauśikī gomatī tathā
16. vipāśā ca vitastā ca candrabhāgā irāvatī
śatadruḥ devikā sindhuḥ kauśikī gomatī tathā
16. Also, the Vipāśā, the Vitastā, the Candrabhāgā, the Irāvatī, the Śatadru, the Devikā, the Sindhu, the Kauśikī, and the Gomatī.
तथा देवनदी चेयं सर्वतीर्थाभिसंवृता ।
गगनाद्गां गता देवी गङ्गा सर्वसरिद्वरा ॥१७॥
17. tathā devanadī ceyaṁ sarvatīrthābhisaṁvṛtā ,
gaganādgāṁ gatā devī gaṅgā sarvasaridvarā.
17. tathā devanadī ca iyam sarvatīrthābhisamvṛtā
gaganāt gām gatā devī gaṅgā sarvasaridvarā
17. tathā iyam devanadī devī gaṅgā sarvasaridvarā
sarvatīrthābhisamvṛtā gaganāt gām gatā
17. And also this divine river, surrounded by all holy places, the goddess (devī) (gaṅgā), best of all rivers, descended from the sky to the earth.
इत्युक्त्वा देवदेवस्य पत्नी धर्मभृतां वरा ।
स्मितपूर्वमिवाभाष्य सर्वास्ताः सरितस्तदा ॥१८॥
18. ityuktvā devadevasya patnī dharmabhṛtāṁ varā ,
smitapūrvamivābhāṣya sarvāstāḥ saritastadā.
18. iti uktvā devadevasya patnī dharmabhṛtām varā
smitapūrvam iva ābhāṣya sarvāḥ tāḥ saritaḥ tadā
18. iti uktvā devadevasya patnī dharmabhṛtām varā
tadā smitapūrvam iva ābhāṣya sarvāḥ tāḥ saritaḥ
18. Having thus spoken, the wife of the god of gods, who was the best among those upholding (natural) law (dharma), then addressed all those rivers with what seemed like a prior smile.
अपृच्छद्देवमहिषी स्त्रीधर्मं धर्मवत्सला ।
स्त्रीधर्मकुशलास्ता वै गङ्गाद्याः सरितां वराः ॥१९॥
19. apṛcchaddevamahiṣī strīdharmaṁ dharmavatsalā ,
strīdharmakuśalāstā vai gaṅgādyāḥ saritāṁ varāḥ.
19. apṛcchat devamahiṣī strīdhamam dharmavatsalā
strīdharmakuśalāḥ tāḥ vai gaṅgā ādyāḥ saritām varāḥ
19. dharmavatsalā devamahiṣī strīdhamam apṛcchat vai
tāḥ gaṅgā ādyāḥ saritām varāḥ strīdharmakuśalāḥ
19. The queen of the gods, Pārvatī, who was devoted to (natural) law (dharma), asked about the (natural) law (dharma) for women. She inquired of (gaṅgā) and the other excellent rivers, who were indeed skilled in the (natural) law (dharma) of women.
अयं भगवता दत्तः प्रश्नः स्त्रीधर्मसंश्रितः ।
तं तु संमन्त्र्य युष्माभिर्वक्तुमिच्छामि शंकरे ॥२०॥
20. ayaṁ bhagavatā dattaḥ praśnaḥ strīdharmasaṁśritaḥ ,
taṁ tu saṁmantrya yuṣmābhirvaktumicchāmi śaṁkare.
20. ayam bhagavatā dattaḥ praśnaḥ strīdharma-saṃśritaḥ
tam tu saṃmantrya yuṣmābhiḥ vaktum icchāmi śaṅkare
20. bhagavatā dattaḥ strīdharma-saṃśritaḥ ayam praśnaḥ
tam tu yuṣmābhiḥ saṃmantrya śaṅkare vaktum icchāmi
20. This question, which pertains to the intrinsic nature (dharma) of women, has been given by the revered one. I indeed wish to answer it, O Śaṅkara, after consulting with all of you.
न चैकसाध्यं पश्यामि विज्ञानं भुवि कस्यचित् ।
दिवि वा सागरगमास्तेन वो मानयाम्यहम् ॥२१॥
21. na caikasādhyaṁ paśyāmi vijñānaṁ bhuvi kasyacit ,
divi vā sāgaragamāstena vo mānayāmyaham.
21. na ca ekasādhyam paśyāmi vijñānam bhuvi kasyacit
divi vā sāgaragamāḥ tena vaḥ mānyāmi aham
21. aham bhuvi divi vā kasyacit ekasādhyam vijñānam
na ca paśyāmi sāgaragamāḥ tena vaḥ mānyāmi
21. I do not see any knowledge (vijñāna) on earth or in heaven that can be achieved by a single person, O you who reach the ocean. Therefore, I honor you all.
भीष्म उवाच ।
एवं सर्वाः सरिच्छ्रेष्ठाः पृष्टाः पुण्यतमाः शिवाः ।
ततो देवनदी गङ्गा नियुक्ता प्रतिपूज्य ताम् ॥२२॥
22. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evaṁ sarvāḥ saricchreṣṭhāḥ pṛṣṭāḥ puṇyatamāḥ śivāḥ ,
tato devanadī gaṅgā niyuktā pratipūjya tām.
22. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam sarvāḥ saricchreṣṭhāḥ pṛṣṭāḥ puṇyatamāḥ
śivāḥ tataḥ devanadī gaṅgā niyuktā pratipūjya tām
22. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam sarvāḥ saricchreṣṭhāḥ puṇyatamāḥ
śivāḥ pṛṣṭāḥ tataḥ devanadī gaṅgā niyuktā tām pratipūjya
22. Bhīṣma said: Thus, all the best, most sacred, and auspicious rivers were questioned. Then, the divine river Gaṅgā, being designated (to speak), having shown reverence to her (the questioner), proceeded.
बह्वीभिर्बुद्धिभिः स्फीता स्त्रीधर्मज्ञा शुचिस्मिता ।
शैलराजसुतां देवीं पुण्या पापापहां शिवाम् ॥२३॥
23. bahvībhirbuddhibhiḥ sphītā strīdharmajñā śucismitā ,
śailarājasutāṁ devīṁ puṇyā pāpāpahāṁ śivām.
23. bahvībhiḥ buddhibhiḥ sphītā strīdharma-jñā śuci-smitā
śailarāja-sutām devīm puṇyām pāpāpahām śivām
23. bahvībhiḥ buddhibhiḥ sphītā strīdharma-jñā śuci-smitā
śailarāja-sutām devīm puṇyām pāpāpahām śivām
23. (Gaṅgā was) endowed with great intellect, knowledgeable of the intrinsic nature (dharma) of women, and possessed a pure smile. (She honored) the daughter of the king of mountains, the divine goddess, who is sacred, removes sins, and is auspicious.
बुद्ध्या विनयसंपन्ना सर्वज्ञानविशारदा ।
सस्मितं बहुबुद्ध्याढ्या गङ्गा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२४॥
24. buddhyā vinayasaṁpannā sarvajñānaviśāradā ,
sasmitaṁ bahubuddhyāḍhyā gaṅgā vacanamabravīt.
24. buddhyā vinayasaṃpannā sarvajñānaviśāradā
sasmitam bahubuddhyāḍhyā gaṅgā vacanam abravīt
24. gaṅgā buddhyā vinayasaṃpannā sarvajñānaviśāradā
bahubuddhyāḍhyā sasmitam vacanam abravīt
24. Gaṅgā, who was endowed with intellect and humility, skilled in all knowledge, and rich in profound wisdom, spoke with a smile.
धन्याः स्मोऽनुगृहीताः स्मो देवि धर्मपरायणा ।
या त्वं सर्वजगन्मान्या नदीर्मानयसेऽनघे ॥२५॥
25. dhanyāḥ smo'nugṛhītāḥ smo devi dharmaparāyaṇā ,
yā tvaṁ sarvajaganmānyā nadīrmānayase'naghe.
25. dhanyāḥ smaḥ anugṛhītāḥ smaḥ devi dharmaparāyaṇā
yā tvam sarvajaganmānyā nadīḥ mānayase anaghe
25. devi dharmaparāyaṇā anaghe yā tvam sarvajaganmānyā
dhanyāḥ smaḥ anugṛhītāḥ smaḥ nadīḥ mānayase
25. O Goddess, devoted to natural law (dharma), we are truly blessed; we are favored. O sinless one, you who are revered by all the world, show honor to the rivers.
प्रभवन्पृच्छते यो हि संमानयति वा पुनः ।
नूनं जनमदुष्टात्मा पण्डिताख्यां स गच्छति ॥२६॥
26. prabhavanpṛcchate yo hi saṁmānayati vā punaḥ ,
nūnaṁ janamaduṣṭātmā paṇḍitākhyāṁ sa gacchati.
26. prabhavan pṛcchate yaḥ hi saṃmānayati vā punaḥ
nūnam janam aduṣṭātmā paṇḍitākhyām saḥ gacchati
26. hi yaḥ aduṣṭātmā prabhavan vā punaḥ janam pṛcchate
saṃmānayati saḥ nūnam paṇḍitākhyām gacchati
26. Indeed, a pure-minded (aduṣṭātman) person who, though capable, inquires or honors others, certainly attains the appellation of a scholar.
ज्ञानविज्ञानसंपन्नानूहापोहविशारदान् ।
प्रवक्तॄन्पृच्छते योऽन्यान्स वै ना पदमर्च्छति ॥२७॥
27. jñānavijñānasaṁpannānūhāpohaviśāradān ,
pravaktṝnpṛcchate yo'nyānsa vai nā padamarcchati.
27. jñānavijñānasaṃpannān ūhāpohaviśāradān pravaktṝn
pṛcchate yaḥ anyān saḥ vai na padam ṛcchati
27. yaḥ anyān pṛcchate saḥ vai na padam ṛcchati
jñānavijñānasaṃpannān ūhāpohaviśāradān pravaktṝn
27. He who questions others, instead of those who are endowed with theoretical knowledge (jñāna) and practical understanding (vijñāna), skilled in analysis and synthesis, and eloquent speakers, will certainly not attain the proper state.
अन्यथा बहुबुद्ध्याढ्यो वाक्यं वदति संसदि ।
अन्यथैव ह्यहंमानी दुर्बलं वदते वचः ॥२८॥
28. anyathā bahubuddhyāḍhyo vākyaṁ vadati saṁsadi ,
anyathaiva hyahaṁmānī durbalaṁ vadate vacaḥ.
28. anyathā bahubuddhyāḍhyaḥ vākyaṃ vadati saṃsadi
anyathā eva hi ahaṃmānī durbalaṃ vadate vacaḥ
28. saṃsadi bahubuddhyāḍhyaḥ anyathā vākyaṃ vadati
hi ahaṃmānī anyathā eva durbalaṃ vacaḥ vadate
28. An intelligent person speaks in one way in an assembly, but an arrogant person, indeed, speaks quite differently, uttering weak words.
दिव्यज्ञाने दिवि श्रेष्ठे दिव्यपुण्ये सदोत्थिते ।
त्वमेवार्हसि नो देवि स्त्रीधर्ममनुशासितुम् ॥२९॥
29. divyajñāne divi śreṣṭhe divyapuṇye sadotthite ,
tvamevārhasi no devi strīdharmamanuśāsitum.
29. divyajñāne divi śreṣṭhe divyapuṇye sadā utthite
tvam eva arhasi naḥ devi strīdharmaṃ anuśāsitum
29. devi,
divyajñāne,
divi śreṣṭhe,
divyapuṇye sadā utthite tvam eva naḥ strīdharmaṃ anuśāsitum arhasi
29. O Goddess, you who possess divine knowledge, who are supreme in the heavens, and whose divine merit is ever manifest, you alone are worthy to instruct us on the intrinsic nature (dharma) of women.
भीष्म उवाच ।
ततः साराधिता देवी गङ्गया बहुभिर्गुणैः ।
प्राह सर्वमशेषेण स्त्रीधर्मं सुरसुन्दरी ॥३०॥
30. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tataḥ sārādhitā devī gaṅgayā bahubhirguṇaiḥ ,
prāha sarvamaśeṣeṇa strīdharmaṁ surasundarī.
30. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tataḥ sārādhitā devī gaṅgayā bahubhiḥ
guṇaiḥ prāha sarvam aśeṣeṇa strīdharmaṃ surasundarī
30. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tataḥ gaṅgayā bahubhiḥ guṇaiḥ sārādhitā
devī surasundarī sarvam aśeṣeṇa strīdharmaṃ prāha
30. Bhishma said: Then, the Goddess, having been well-worshipped by Ganga with many virtues, that beautiful celestial woman, revealed completely the intrinsic nature (dharma) of women.
स्त्रीधर्मो मां प्रति यथा प्रतिभाति यथाविधि ।
तमहं कीर्तयिष्यामि तथैव प्रथितो भवेत् ॥३१॥
31. strīdharmo māṁ prati yathā pratibhāti yathāvidhi ,
tamahaṁ kīrtayiṣyāmi tathaiva prathito bhavet.
31. strīdharmaḥ mām prati yathā pratibhāti yathāvidhi
tam aham kīrtayiṣyāmi tathā eva prathitaḥ bhavet
31. mām prati yathā yathāvidhi strīdharmaḥ pratibhāti,
tam aham kīrtayiṣyāmi tathā eva prathitaḥ bhavet
31. I will proclaim the intrinsic nature (dharma) of women just as it appears to me, in accordance with the rules; and thus, may it become renowned.
स्त्रीधर्मः पूर्व एवायं विवाहे बन्धुभिः कृतः ।
सहधर्मचरी भर्तुर्भवत्यग्निसमीपतः ॥३२॥
32. strīdharmaḥ pūrva evāyaṁ vivāhe bandhubhiḥ kṛtaḥ ,
sahadharmacarī bharturbhavatyagnisamīpataḥ.
32. strīdharmaḥ pūrvaḥ eva ayam vivāhe bandhubhiḥ
kṛtaḥ sahadharmacarī bhartuḥ bhavati agnisamīpataḥ
32. ayam strīdharmaḥ pūrvaḥ eva vivāhe bandhubhiḥ kṛtaḥ
sā sahadharmacarī bhartuḥ agnisamīpataḥ bhavati
32. This specific duty (dharma) for women was previously established by relatives during the marriage ceremony. She becomes her husband's partner in observing their duties (dharma), standing near the ritual fire.
सुस्वभावा सुवचना सुवृत्ता सुखदर्शना ।
अनन्यचित्ता सुमुखी भर्तुः सा धर्मचारिणी ॥३३॥
33. susvabhāvā suvacanā suvṛttā sukhadarśanā ,
ananyacittā sumukhī bhartuḥ sā dharmacāriṇī.
33. susvabhāvā suvacanā suvṛttā sukhadarśanā
ananyacittā sumukhī bhartuḥ sā dharmacāriṇī
33. yā susvabhāvā suvacanā suvṛttā sukhadarśanā ananyacittā sumukhī,
sā bhartuḥ dharmacāriṇī
33. She who possesses a good disposition, speaks pleasantly, demonstrates excellent conduct, is pleasing to look upon, whose mind is exclusively devoted (ananyacittā), and who has a cheerful countenance - she is her husband's dutiful wife (dharmacāriṇī).
सा भवेद्धर्मपरमा सा भवेद्धर्मभागिनी ।
देववत्सततं साध्वी या भर्तारं प्रपश्यति ॥३४॥
34. sā bhaveddharmaparamā sā bhaveddharmabhāginī ,
devavatsatataṁ sādhvī yā bhartāraṁ prapaśyati.
34. sā bhavet dharmaparamā sā bhavet dharmabhāginī
yā bhartāram prapaśyati devavat satatam sādhvī
34. yā sādhvī bhartāram devavat satatam prapaśyati,
sā dharmaparamā bhavet sā dharmabhāginī bhavet
34. That virtuous wife (sādhvī) should be supremely dedicated to her duties (dharma) and a full participant in them. She is the one who constantly regards her husband as if he were a deity.
शुश्रूषां परिचारं च देववद्या करोति च ।
नान्यभावा ह्यविमनाः सुव्रता सुखदर्शना ॥३५॥
35. śuśrūṣāṁ paricāraṁ ca devavadyā karoti ca ,
nānyabhāvā hyavimanāḥ suvratā sukhadarśanā.
35. śuśrūṣām paricāram ca devavat yā karoti ca na
anyabhāvā hi avimanāḥ suvratā sukhadarśanā
35. yā devavat śuśrūṣām ca paricāram karoti ca,
sā hi na anyabhāvā avimanāḥ suvratā sukhadarśanā
35. And she who renders devoted service and attendance as if to a deity, whose feelings are indeed not directed towards another, who is resolute in mind, adheres to virtuous vows (suvratā), and is pleasant to behold.
पुत्रवक्त्रमिवाभीक्ष्णं भर्तुर्वदनमीक्षते ।
या साध्वी नियताचारा सा भवेद्धर्मचारिणी ॥३६॥
36. putravaktramivābhīkṣṇaṁ bharturvadanamīkṣate ,
yā sādhvī niyatācārā sā bhaveddharmacāriṇī.
36. putra-vaktram iva abhīkṣṇam bhartuḥ vadanam īkṣate
yā sādhvī niyata-ācārā sā bhavet dharma-cāriṇī
36. yā sādhvī niyata-ācārā sā abhīkṣṇam putra-vaktram
iva bhartuḥ vadanam īkṣate sā dharma-cāriṇī bhavet
36. The virtuous woman, whose conduct is disciplined, constantly gazes upon her husband's face as if it were her son's; she truly becomes a wife who performs her marital duty (dharma).
श्रुत्वा दंपतिधर्मं वै सहधर्मकृतं शुभम् ।
अनन्यचित्ता सुमुखी भर्तुः सा धर्मचारिणी ॥३७॥
37. śrutvā daṁpatidharmaṁ vai sahadharmakṛtaṁ śubham ,
ananyacittā sumukhī bhartuḥ sā dharmacāriṇī.
37. śrutvā dampati-dharmam vai saha-dharma-kṛtam śubham
ananya-cittā su-mukhī bhartuḥ sā dharma-cāriṇī
37. yā dampati-dharmam śubham saha-dharma-kṛtam śrutvā
ananya-cittā su-mukhī bhartuḥ sā vai dharma-cāriṇī
37. She who, having understood the auspicious duty (dharma) of a married couple, performed together, remains with an undivided mind and a pleasant face towards her husband, she is truly a wife who performs her marital duty (dharma).
परुषाण्यपि चोक्ता या दृष्टा वा क्रूरचक्षुषा ।
सुप्रसन्नमुखी भर्तुर्या नारी सा पतिव्रता ॥३८॥
38. paruṣāṇyapi coktā yā dṛṣṭā vā krūracakṣuṣā ,
suprasannamukhī bharturyā nārī sā pativratā.
38. paruṣāṇi api ca uktā yā dṛṣṭā vā krūra-cakṣuṣā
su-prasanna-mukhī bhartuḥ yā nārī sā pati-vratā
38. yā nārī paruṣāṇi api uktā vā krūra-cakṣuṣā dṛṣṭā ca
bhartuḥ su-prasanna-mukhī (bhavati) sā pati-vratā
38. That woman who remains very pleasant-faced towards her husband, even when harsh words are spoken to her, or when she is looked upon with a cruel gaze, she is truly a faithful wife.
न चन्द्रसूर्यौ न तरुं पुंनाम्नो या निरीक्षते ।
भर्तृवर्जं वरारोहा सा भवेद्धर्मचारिणी ॥३९॥
39. na candrasūryau na taruṁ puṁnāmno yā nirīkṣate ,
bhartṛvarjaṁ varārohā sā bhaveddharmacāriṇī.
39. na candra-sūryau na tarum puṃ-nāmnaḥ yā nirīkṣate
bhartṛ-varjam vara-ārohā sā bhavet dharma-cāriṇī
39. yā vara-ārohā bhartṛ-varjam candra-sūryau na nirīkṣate
na tarum puṃ-nāmnaḥ nirīkṣate sā dharma-cāriṇī bhavet
39. That beautiful woman who, excluding her husband, does not gaze upon the moon and the sun, nor any man, truly becomes a wife who performs her marital duty (dharma).
दरिद्रं व्याधितं दीनमध्वना परिकर्शितम् ।
पतिं पुत्रमिवोपास्ते सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥४०॥
40. daridraṁ vyādhitaṁ dīnamadhvanā parikarśitam ,
patiṁ putramivopāste sā nārī dharmabhāginī.
40. daridram vyādhitam dīnam adhvanā parikarśitam
patim putram iva upāste sā nārī dharmabhāginī
40. sā nārī daridram vyādhitam dīnam adhvanā
parikarśitam patim putram iva upāste dharmabhāginī
40. That woman who serves her husband - even if he is poor, sick, miserable, and weakened by travel - as if he were her own son, she partakes in religious merit (dharma).
या नारी प्रयता दक्षा या नारी पुत्रिणी भवेत् ।
पतिप्रिया पतिप्राणा सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥४१॥
41. yā nārī prayatā dakṣā yā nārī putriṇī bhavet ,
patipriyā patiprāṇā sā nārī dharmabhāginī.
41. yā nārī prayatā dakṣā yā nārī putriṇī bhavet
patipriyā patiprāṇā sā nārī dharmabhāginī
41. yā nārī prayatā dakṣā,
yā nārī putriṇī bhavet,
patipriyā,
patiprāṇā,
sā nārī dharmabhāginī
41. The woman who is disciplined, diligent, who may have children, who is dear to her husband, and for whom her husband is her very life, that woman shares in religious merit (dharma).
शुश्रूषां परिचर्यां च करोत्यविमनाः सदा ।
सुप्रतीता विनीता च सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥४२॥
42. śuśrūṣāṁ paricaryāṁ ca karotyavimanāḥ sadā ,
supratītā vinītā ca sā nārī dharmabhāginī.
42. śuśrūṣām paricaryām ca karoti avimanāḥ sadā
supratītā vinītā ca sā nārī dharmabhāginī
42. sā nārī avimanāḥ sadā śuśrūṣām ca paricaryām karoti,
supratītā ca vinītā,
dharmabhāginī
42. The woman who always performs service and attendance with an unwavering mind, who is content and humble, that woman shares in religious merit (dharma).
न कामेषु न भोगेषु नैश्वर्ये न सुखे तथा ।
स्पृहा यस्या यथा पत्यौ सा नारी धर्मभागिनी ॥४३॥
43. na kāmeṣu na bhogeṣu naiśvarye na sukhe tathā ,
spṛhā yasyā yathā patyau sā nārī dharmabhāginī.
43. na kāmeṣu na bhogeṣu na aiśvarye na sukhe tathā
spṛhā yasyāḥ yathā patyau sā nārī dharmabhāginī
43. yasyāḥ spṛhā kāmeṣu na,
bhogeṣu na,
aiśvarye na,
sukhe na tathā,
yathā patyau,
sā nārī dharmabhāginī
43. That woman whose longing is not for desires, not for enjoyments, not for prosperity, nor for happiness, but rather whose longing is for her husband, that woman shares in religious merit (dharma).
कल्योत्थानरता नित्यं गुरुशुश्रूषणे रता ।
सुसंमृष्टक्षया चैव गोशकृत्कृतलेपना ॥४४॥
44. kalyotthānaratā nityaṁ guruśuśrūṣaṇe ratā ,
susaṁmṛṣṭakṣayā caiva gośakṛtkṛtalepanā.
44. kalyotthānarata nityam guruśuśrūṣaṇe ratā
susaṃmṛṣṭakṣayā ca eva gośakṛtkṛtalepanā
44. nityam kalyotthānarata guruśuśrūṣaṇe ratā
eva ca susaṃmṛṣṭakṣayā gośakṛtkṛtalepanā
44. She is always devoted to rising early, dedicated to serving elders, and her house is thoroughly cleaned and purified by being smeared with cow dung.
अग्निकार्यपरा नित्यं सदा पुष्पबलिप्रदा ।
देवतातिथिभृत्यानां निरुप्य पतिना सह ॥४५॥
45. agnikāryaparā nityaṁ sadā puṣpabalipradā ,
devatātithibhṛtyānāṁ nirupya patinā saha.
45. agnikāryaparā nityam sadā puṣpabalipradā
devatātithibhṛtyānām nirupya patinā saha
45. nityam agnikāryaparā sadā puṣpabalipradā
patinā saha devatātithibhṛtyānām nirupya
45. She is always dedicated to the Vedic fire ritual (agnikārya) and constantly offers flowers and oblations. She makes arrangements for deities, guests, and servants together with her husband.
शेषान्नमुपभुञ्जाना यथान्यायं यथाविधि ।
तुष्टपुष्टजना नित्यं नारी धर्मेण युज्यते ॥४६॥
46. śeṣānnamupabhuñjānā yathānyāyaṁ yathāvidhi ,
tuṣṭapuṣṭajanā nityaṁ nārī dharmeṇa yujyate.
46. śeṣānnam upabhuñjānā yathānyāyam yathāvidhi
tuṣṭapuṣṭajanā nityam nārī dharmeṇa yujyate
46. nārī śeṣānnam upabhuñjānā yathānyāyam yathāvidhi
tuṣṭapuṣṭajanā nityam dharmeṇa yujyate
46. Consuming the residual food according to propriety and ritual, and ensuring her household members are always content and well-nourished, such a woman is truly endowed with her natural law (dharma).
श्वश्रूश्वशुरयोः पादौ तोषयन्ती गुणान्विता ।
मातापितृपरा नित्यं या नारी सा तपोधना ॥४७॥
47. śvaśrūśvaśurayoḥ pādau toṣayantī guṇānvitā ,
mātāpitṛparā nityaṁ yā nārī sā tapodhanā.
47. śvaśrūśvaśurayoḥ pādau toṣayantī guṇānvitā
mātāpitṛparā nityam yā nārī sā tapodhanā
47. yā nārī guṇānvitā śvaśrūśvaśurayoḥ pādau
toṣayantī nityam mātāpitṛparā sā tapodhanā
47. The woman who, endowed with virtues, always pleases the feet of her mother-in-law and father-in-law, and is constantly devoted to her own mother and father - she is truly rich in ascetic merit (tapas).
ब्राह्मणान्दुर्बलानाथान्दीनान्धकृपणांस्तथा ।
बिभर्त्यन्नेन या नारी सा पतिव्रतभागिनी ॥४८॥
48. brāhmaṇāndurbalānāthāndīnāndhakṛpaṇāṁstathā ,
bibhartyannena yā nārī sā pativratabhāginī.
48. brāhmaṇān durbalān anāthān dīnāndhakṛpaṇān tathā
bibharti annena yā nārī sā pativratabhāginī
48. That woman who sustains with food Brahmins, the weak, the helpless, the poor, the blind, and the miserable, she shares in the merits of being a devoted wife (pativratā).
व्रतं चरति या नित्यं दुश्चरं लघुसत्त्वया ।
पतिचित्ता पतिहिता सा पतिव्रतभागिनी ॥४९॥
49. vrataṁ carati yā nityaṁ duścaraṁ laghusattvayā ,
paticittā patihitā sā pativratabhāginī.
49. vratam carati yā nityam duścaram laghusattvayā
paticittā patihitā sā pativratabhāginī
49. That woman who consistently observes a vow, which is difficult even for one of weak resolve, and whose mind is focused on her husband and dedicated to his well-being, she shares in the merits of being a devoted wife (pativratā).
पुण्यमेतत्तपश्चैव स्वर्गश्चैष सनातनः ।
या नारी भर्तृपरमा भवेद्भर्तृव्रता शिवा ॥५०॥
50. puṇyametattapaścaiva svargaścaiṣa sanātanaḥ ,
yā nārī bhartṛparamā bhavedbhartṛvratā śivā.
50. puṇyam etat tapaḥ ca eva svargaḥ ca eṣa sanātanaḥ
yā nārī bhartṛparamā bhavet bhartṛvratā śivā
50. This is merit, this is indeed penance (tapas), and this is eternal heaven: for that woman who considers her husband supreme, who observes a vow of devotion to her husband, and is auspicious.
पतिर्हि देवो नारीणां पतिर्बन्धुः पतिर्गतिः ।
पत्या समा गतिर्नास्ति दैवतं वा यथा पतिः ॥५१॥
51. patirhi devo nārīṇāṁ patirbandhuḥ patirgatiḥ ,
patyā samā gatirnāsti daivataṁ vā yathā patiḥ.
51. patiḥ hi devaḥ nārīṇām patiḥ bandhuḥ patiḥ gatiḥ
patyā samā gatiḥ na asti daivatam vā yathā patiḥ
51. Indeed, for women, the husband is a deity, the husband is a relative, and the husband is their ultimate refuge. There is no refuge equal to the husband, nor any deity like him.
पतिप्रसादः स्वर्गो वा तुल्यो नार्या न वा भवेत् ।
अहं स्वर्गं न हीच्छेयं त्वय्यप्रीते महेश्वर ॥५२॥
52. patiprasādaḥ svargo vā tulyo nāryā na vā bhavet ,
ahaṁ svargaṁ na hīccheyaṁ tvayyaprīte maheśvara.
52. pati-prasādaḥ svargaḥ vā tulyaḥ nāryā na vā bhavet
| aham svargam na hi iccheyam tvayi aprīte maheśvara
52. maheśvara,
tvayi aprīte,
aham svargam na hi iccheyam,
pati-prasādaḥ vā svargaḥ nāryā tulyaḥ na vā bhavet.
52. A husband's grace, or even heaven, may not be equally valued by a woman. O great lord (Maheśvara), I would certainly not desire heaven if you are displeased.
यद्यकार्यमधर्मं वा यदि वा प्राणनाशनम् ।
पतिर्ब्रूयाद्दरिद्रो वा व्याधितो वा कथंचन ॥५३॥
53. yadyakāryamadharmaṁ vā yadi vā prāṇanāśanam ,
patirbrūyāddaridro vā vyādhito vā kathaṁcana.
53. yadi akāryam adharmam vā yadi vā prāṇa-nāśanam |
patiḥ brūyāt daridraḥ vā vyādhitaḥ vā kathaṃ-cana
53. yadi patiḥ daridraḥ vā vyādhitaḥ vā kathaṃ-cana,
akāryam vā adharmam vā yadi vā prāṇa-nāśanam,
brūyāt.
53. If a husband, whether he be poor or sick, were to command something improper, or unrighteous (adharma), or even life-destroying, for any reason...
आपन्नो रिपुसंस्थो वा ब्रह्मशापार्दितोऽपि वा ।
आपद्धर्माननुप्रेक्ष्य तत्कार्यमविशङ्कया ॥५४॥
54. āpanno ripusaṁstho vā brahmaśāpārdito'pi vā ,
āpaddharmānanuprekṣya tatkāryamaviśaṅkayā.
54. āpannaḥ ripu-saṃsthaḥ vā brahma-śāpa-arditaḥ api
vā | āpad-dharmān anuprekṣya tat kāryam aviśaṅkayā
54. āpannaḥ vā ripu-saṃsthaḥ vā brahma-śāpa-arditaḥ api vā,
āpad-dharmān anuprekṣya,
tat kāryam aviśaṅkayā.
54. Even if he (the husband) is in distress, held captive by enemies, or afflicted by a brahmin's curse, she should, by observing the intrinsic nature (dharma) of urgent situations, carry out that instruction without hesitation.
एष देव मया प्रोक्तः स्त्रीधर्मो वचनात्तव ।
या त्वेवंभाविनी नारी सा भवेद्धर्मभागिनी ॥५५॥
55. eṣa deva mayā proktaḥ strīdharmo vacanāttava ,
yā tvevaṁbhāvinī nārī sā bhaveddharmabhāginī.
55. eṣa deva mayā proktaḥ strī-dharmaḥ vacanāt tava |
yā tu evam-bhāvinī nārī sā bhavet dharma-bhāginī
55. deva,
tava vacanāt eṣaḥ strī-dharmaḥ mayā proktaḥ; yā nārī tu evam-bhāvinī,
sā dharma-bhāginī bhavet.
55. O god, this wifely constitution (dharma) has been declared by me at your word. And that woman who is of such a disposition will partake in this (divine) natural law (dharma).
भीष्म उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः स तु देवेशः प्रतिपूज्य गिरेः सुताम् ।
लोकान्विसर्जयामास सर्वैरनुचरैः सह ॥५६॥
56. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ sa tu deveśaḥ pratipūjya gireḥ sutām ,
lokānvisarjayāmāsa sarvairanucaraiḥ saha.
56. bhīṣma uvāca iti uktaḥ saḥ tu deveśaḥ pratipūjya
gireḥ sutām lokān visarjayāmāsa sarvaiḥ anucaraiḥ saha
56. bhīṣma uvāca saḥ tu deveśaḥ iti uktaḥ gireḥ sutām
pratipūjya sarvaiḥ anucaraiḥ saha lokān visarjayāmāsa
56. Bhīṣma said: Having been addressed thus, that lord of the gods (Śiva), after honoring the daughter of the mountain (Pārvatī), dismissed the beings along with all his attendants.
ततो ययुर्भूतगणाः सरितश्च यथागतम् ।
गन्धर्वाप्सरसश्चैव प्रणम्य शिरसा भवम् ॥५७॥
57. tato yayurbhūtagaṇāḥ saritaśca yathāgatam ,
gandharvāpsarasaścaiva praṇamya śirasā bhavam.
57. tataḥ yayuḥ bhūtaganāḥ saritaḥ ca yathāgatam
gandharvāpsarasaḥ ca eva praṇamya śirasā bhavam
57. tataḥ bhūtaganāḥ ca saritaḥ yathāgatam yayuḥ
gandharvāpsarasaḥ ca eva śirasā bhavam praṇamya yayuḥ
57. Then the hosts of spirits and the rivers departed as they had come. The Gandharvas and Apsaras also bowed their heads to Bhava (Śiva) and left.