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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-205

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मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
गुरू निवेद्य विप्राय तौ मातापितरावुभौ ।
पुनरेव स धर्मात्मा व्याधो ब्राह्मणमब्रवीत् ॥१॥
1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
gurū nivedya viprāya tau mātāpitarāvubhau ,
punareva sa dharmātmā vyādho brāhmaṇamabravīt.
1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca guru nivedya viprāya tau mātāpitarau
ubhau punaḥ eva saḥ dharmātmā vyādhaḥ brāhmaṇam abravīt
1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: After introducing his two elders, his mother and father, to the brahmin, that virtuous (dharmātma) hunter again spoke to the brahmin.
प्रवृत्तचक्षुर्जातोऽस्मि संपश्य तपसो बलम् ।
यदर्थमुक्तोऽसि तया गच्छस्व मिथिलामिति ॥२॥
2. pravṛttacakṣurjāto'smi saṁpaśya tapaso balam ,
yadarthamukto'si tayā gacchasva mithilāmiti.
2. pravṛttacakṣuḥ jātaḥ asmi saṃpaśya tapasas balam
yat artham uktaḥ asi tayā gacchasva mithilām iti
2. My eyes have been opened. Behold the power of spiritual austerity (tapas)! For this reason, you were told by her, 'Go to Mithilā!'
पतिशुश्रूषपरया दान्तया सत्यशीलया ।
मिथिलायां वसन्व्याधः स ते धर्मान्प्रवक्ष्यति ॥३॥
3. patiśuśrūṣaparayā dāntayā satyaśīlayā ,
mithilāyāṁ vasanvyādhaḥ sa te dharmānpravakṣyati.
3. patiśuśrūṣāparayā dāntayā satyaśīlayā mithilāyām
vasan vyādhaḥ saḥ te dharmān pravakṣyati
3. (You were told to go to Mithilā) by a wife devoted to serving her husband, self-controlled, and truthful by nature. That hunter, living in Mithilā, will explain the natural laws (dharma) to you.
ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
पतिव्रतायाः सत्यायाः शीलाढ्याया यतव्रत ।
संस्मृत्य वाक्यं धर्मज्ञ गुणवानसि मे मतः ॥४॥
4. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
pativratāyāḥ satyāyāḥ śīlāḍhyāyā yatavrata ,
saṁsmṛtya vākyaṁ dharmajña guṇavānasi me mataḥ.
4. brāhmaṇa uvāca pativratāyāḥ satyāyāḥ śīlāḍhyāyāḥ
yatavrata saṃsmṛtya vākyaṃ dharmajña guṇavān asi me mataḥ
4. The Brahmin said: "O knower of (natural law) (dharma), O you whose vows are controlled, in my opinion, you are virtuous because you remembered the words of the truthful wife, who was devoted to her husband and rich in good conduct."
व्याध उवाच ।
यत्तदा त्वं द्विजश्रेष्ठ तयोक्तो मां प्रति प्रभो ।
दृष्टमेतत्तया सम्यगेकपत्न्या न संशयः ॥५॥
5. vyādha uvāca ,
yattadā tvaṁ dvijaśreṣṭha tayokto māṁ prati prabho ,
dṛṣṭametattayā samyagekapatnyā na saṁśayaḥ.
5. vyādha uvāca yat tadā tvaṃ dvijaśreṣṭha tayā uktaḥ māṃ
prati prabho dṛṣṭam etat tayā samyak ekapatnyā na saṃśayaḥ
5. The hunter said: "O best of brahmins, O lord, there is no doubt that what she said to me then was truly seen by that devoted wife (ekapatnī)."
त्वदनुग्रहबुद्ध्या तु विप्रैतद्दर्शितं मया ।
वाक्यं च शृणु मे तात यत्ते वक्ष्ये हितं द्विज ॥६॥
6. tvadanugrahabuddhyā tu vipraitaddarśitaṁ mayā ,
vākyaṁ ca śṛṇu me tāta yatte vakṣye hitaṁ dvija.
6. tvat anugraha buddhyā tu vipra etat darśitaṃ mayā
vākyaṃ ca śṛṇu me tāta yat te vakṣye hitaṃ dvija
6. "But, O brahmin, I showed you this out of a desire to do you a favor. And, O dear one, O brahmin, listen to my words which I will speak for your benefit."
त्वया विनिकृता माता पिता च द्विजसत्तम ।
अनिसृष्टोऽसि निष्क्रान्तो गृहात्ताभ्यामनिन्दित ।
वेदोच्चारणकार्यार्थमयुक्तं तत्त्वया कृतम् ॥७॥
7. tvayā vinikṛtā mātā pitā ca dvijasattama ,
anisṛṣṭo'si niṣkrānto gṛhāttābhyāmanindita ,
vedoccāraṇakāryārthamayuktaṁ tattvayā kṛtam.
7. tvayā vinikṛtā mātā pitā ca
dvijasattama anisṛṣṭaḥ asi niṣkrāntaḥ
gṛhāt tābhyām anindita
vedoccāraṇakāryārtham ayuktaṃ tat tvayā kṛtam
7. "By you, O best of brahmins, your mother and father have been mistreated. You departed from home without their permission, O blameless one. That which you did, for the purpose of reciting the Vedas, was improper."
तव शोकेन वृद्धौ तावन्धौ जातौ तपस्विनौ ।
तौ प्रसादयितुं गच्छ मा त्वा धर्मोऽत्यगान्महान् ॥८॥
8. tava śokena vṛddhau tāvandhau jātau tapasvinau ,
tau prasādayituṁ gaccha mā tvā dharmo'tyagānmahān.
8. tava śokena vṛddhau tau andhau jātau tapasvinau tau
prasādayitum gaccha mā tvā dharmaḥ atyagāt mahān
8. Because of your sorrow, those two elderly, blind ascetics have become like this. Go and appease them, lest the great natural law (dharma) forsake you.
तपस्वी त्वं महात्मा च धर्मे च निरतः सदा ।
सर्वमेतदपार्थं ते क्षिप्रं तौ संप्रसादय ॥९॥
9. tapasvī tvaṁ mahātmā ca dharme ca nirataḥ sadā ,
sarvametadapārthaṁ te kṣipraṁ tau saṁprasādaya.
9. tapasvī tvam mahātmā ca dharme ca nirataḥ sadā
sarvam etat apārtham te kṣipram tau samprasādaya
9. You are an ascetic, great-souled, and always engaged in your natural law (dharma). All this [your resistance/grief] is meaningless for you. Quickly go and appease them.
श्रद्दधस्व मम ब्रह्मन्नान्यथा कर्तुमर्हसि ।
गम्यतामद्य विप्रर्षे श्रेयस्ते कथयाम्यहम् ॥१०॥
10. śraddadhasva mama brahmannānyathā kartumarhasi ,
gamyatāmadya viprarṣe śreyaste kathayāmyaham.
10. śraddadhasva mama brahman na anyathā kartum arhasi
gamyatām adya viprarṣe śreyaḥ te kathayāmi aham
10. Trust my words, O Brahmin, you ought not to act otherwise. Go now, O Rishi among Brahmins, I will tell you what is beneficial.
ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
यदेतदुक्तं भवता सर्वं सत्यमसंशयम् ।
प्रीतोऽस्मि तव धर्मज्ञ साध्वाचार गुणान्वित ॥११॥
11. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
yadetaduktaṁ bhavatā sarvaṁ satyamasaṁśayam ,
prīto'smi tava dharmajña sādhvācāra guṇānvita.
11. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca yat etat uktam bhavatā sarvam satyam
asaṃśayam prītaḥ asmi tava dharmajña sādhvācāra guṇānvita
11. The Brahmin said: 'Whatever has been spoken by you, all of it is true, without a doubt. I am pleased with you, O knower of natural law (dharma), who is endowed with good conduct and virtues.'
व्याध उवाच ।
दैवतप्रतिमो हि त्वं यस्त्वं धर्ममनुव्रतः ।
पुराणं शाश्वतं दिव्यं दुष्प्रापमकृतात्मभिः ॥१२॥
12. vyādha uvāca ,
daivatapratimo hi tvaṁ yastvaṁ dharmamanuvrataḥ ,
purāṇaṁ śāśvataṁ divyaṁ duṣprāpamakṛtātmabhiḥ.
12. vyādhaḥ uvāca daivatapratimaḥ hi tvam yaḥ tvam dharmam
anuvrataḥ purāṇam śāśvatam divyam duṣprāpam akṛtātmabhiḥ
12. The fowler said: "Indeed, you are like a deity, you who consistently follow the natural law (dharma). That law is ancient, eternal, divine, and difficult to attain for those whose inner self (ātman) is not purified."
अतन्द्रितः कुरु क्षिप्रं मातापित्रोर्हि पूजनम् ।
अतः परमहं धर्मं नान्यं पश्यामि कंचन ॥१३॥
13. atandritaḥ kuru kṣipraṁ mātāpitrorhi pūjanam ,
ataḥ paramahaṁ dharmaṁ nānyaṁ paśyāmi kaṁcana.
13. atandritaḥ kuru kṣipram mātāpitroḥ hi pūjanam ataḥ
paramam aham dharmam na anyam paśyāmi kañcana
13. Diligently and quickly perform reverence for your mother and father. Beyond this, I see no other supreme natural law (dharma) whatsoever.
ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
इहाहमागतो दिष्ट्या दिष्ट्या मे संगतं त्वया ।
ईदृशा दुर्लभा लोके नरा धर्मप्रदर्शकाः ॥१४॥
14. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
ihāhamāgato diṣṭyā diṣṭyā me saṁgataṁ tvayā ,
īdṛśā durlabhā loke narā dharmapradarśakāḥ.
14. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca iha aham āgataḥ diṣṭyā diṣṭyā me saṅgatam
tvayā īdṛśāḥ durlabhāḥ loke narāḥ dharma-pradarśakāḥ
14. The Brahmin said: "Fortunately, I have come here! Fortunately, I have met with you! Such men, who reveal the natural law (dharma), are truly rare in the world."
एको नरसहस्रेषु धर्मविद्विद्यते न वा ।
प्रीतोऽस्मि तव सत्येन भद्रं ते पुरुषोत्तम ॥१५॥
15. eko narasahasreṣu dharmavidvidyate na vā ,
prīto'smi tava satyena bhadraṁ te puruṣottama.
15. ekaḥ narasahasreṣu dharmavit vidyate na vā
prītaḥ asmi tava satyena bhadram te puruṣottama
15. One among thousands of men, a knower of natural law (dharma), may or may not even be found. I am pleased by your truthfulness. May good fortune be yours, O best among men (puruṣa)!
पतमानो हि नरके भवतास्मि समुद्धृतः ।
भवितव्यमथैवं च यद्दृष्टोऽसि मयानघ ॥१६॥
16. patamāno hi narake bhavatāsmi samuddhṛtaḥ ,
bhavitavyamathaivaṁ ca yaddṛṣṭo'si mayānagha.
16. patamānaḥ hi narake bhavatā asmi samuddhṛtaḥ |
bhavitavyam atha evam ca yat dṛṣṭaḥ asi mayā anagha
16. Indeed, I was falling into hell, but you have rescued me. O sinless one, it must be destined that you have appeared before me in this manner.
राजा ययातिर्दौहित्रैः पतितस्तारितो यथा ।
सद्भिः पुरुषशार्दूल तथाहं भवता त्विह ॥१७॥
17. rājā yayātirdauhitraiḥ patitastārito yathā ,
sadbhiḥ puruṣaśārdūla tathāhaṁ bhavatā tviha.
17. rājā yayātiḥ dauhitraiḥ patitaḥ tāritaḥ yathā |
sadbhiḥ puruṣaśārdūla tathā aham bhavatā tu iha
17. O tiger among men (puruṣaśārdūla), just as King Yayāti, having fallen, was rescued by his grandsons and by noble ones, so indeed have I been rescued by you here.
मातापितृभ्यां शुश्रूषां करिष्ये वचनात्तव ।
नाकृतात्मा वेदयति धर्माधर्मविनिश्चयम् ॥१८॥
18. mātāpitṛbhyāṁ śuśrūṣāṁ kariṣye vacanāttava ,
nākṛtātmā vedayati dharmādharmaviniścayam.
18. mātāpitṛbhyām śuśrūṣām kariṣye vacanāt tava
| na akṛtātmā vedayati dharmādharmaviniscayam
18. I shall render service to my parents according to your word. An undisciplined person (akṛtātman) does not discern the discrimination between righteous conduct (dharma) and unrighteous conduct (adharma).
दुर्ज्ञेयः शाश्वतो धर्मः शूद्रयोनौ हि वर्तता ।
न त्वां शूद्रमहं मन्ये भवितव्यं हि कारणम् ।
येन कर्मविपाकेन प्राप्तेयं शूद्रता त्वया ॥१९॥
19. durjñeyaḥ śāśvato dharmaḥ śūdrayonau hi vartatā ,
na tvāṁ śūdramahaṁ manye bhavitavyaṁ hi kāraṇam ,
yena karmavipākena prāpteyaṁ śūdratā tvayā.
19. durjñeyaḥ śāśvataḥ dharmaḥ śūdrayonau
hi vartatā | na tvām śūdram aham
manye bhavitavyam hi kāraṇam | yena
karmavipākena prāptā iyam śūdratā tvayā
19. Indeed, the eternal natural law (dharma) is difficult to comprehend for one existing in a śūdra birth. I do not consider you a śūdra, for there must be some destined cause, through the fruition of your actions (karma-vipāka), by which this state of being a śūdra has been attained by you.
एतदिच्छामि विज्ञातुं तत्त्वेन हि महामते ।
कामया ब्रूहि मे तथ्यं सर्वं त्वं प्रयतात्मवान् ॥२०॥
20. etadicchāmi vijñātuṁ tattvena hi mahāmate ,
kāmayā brūhi me tathyaṁ sarvaṁ tvaṁ prayatātmavān.
20. etat icchāmi vijñātum tattvena hi mahāmate kāmayā
brūhi me tathyam sarvam tvam prayatātmavān
20. O great-minded one, I truly wish to understand this in its essence. Please eagerly tell me the entire truth, you who possess a disciplined mind.
व्याध उवाच ।
अनतिक्रमणीया हि ब्राह्मणा वै द्विजोत्तम ।
शृणु सर्वमिदं वृत्तं पूर्वदेहे ममानघ ॥२१॥
21. vyādha uvāca ,
anatikramaṇīyā hi brāhmaṇā vai dvijottama ,
śṛṇu sarvamidaṁ vṛttaṁ pūrvadehe mamānagha.
21. vyādhaḥ uvāca anatikramaṇīyā hi brāhmaṇāḥ vai dvijottama
śṛṇu sarvam idam vṛttam pūrvadehe mama anagha
21. The fowler said, 'Indeed, Brahmins are not to be transgressed, O best among the twice-born. O sinless one, listen to this entire story of my past life.'
अहं हि ब्राह्मणः पूर्वमासं द्विजवरात्मज ।
वेदाध्यायी सुकुशलो वेदाङ्गानां च पारगः ।
आत्मदोषकृतैर्ब्रह्मन्नवस्थां प्राप्तवानिमाम् ॥२२॥
22. ahaṁ hi brāhmaṇaḥ pūrvamāsaṁ dvijavarātmaja ,
vedādhyāyī sukuśalo vedāṅgānāṁ ca pāragaḥ ,
ātmadoṣakṛtairbrahmannavasthāṁ prāptavānimām.
22. aham hi brāhmaṇaḥ pūrvam āsam
dvijavarātmaja vedādhyāyī sukuśalaḥ
vedāṅgānām ca pāragah ātma-doṣa-kṛtaiḥ
brahman avasthām prāptavān imām
22. O son of the best among the twice-born, I was indeed formerly a Brahmin, a diligent student of the Vedas and very proficient in the auxiliary sciences of the Vedas (Vedāṅgas). O Brahmin, it is because of faults committed by myself that I have attained this current state.
कश्चिद्राजा मम सखा धनुर्वेदपरायणः ।
संसर्गाद्धनुषि श्रेष्ठस्ततोऽहमभवं द्विज ॥२३॥
23. kaścidrājā mama sakhā dhanurvedaparāyaṇaḥ ,
saṁsargāddhanuṣi śreṣṭhastato'hamabhavaṁ dvija.
23. kaścid rājā mama sakhā dhanurvedaparāyaṇaḥ |
saṃsargāt dhanuṣi śreṣṭhaḥ tataḥ aham abhavam dvija
23. O twice-born one, a certain king, who was deeply devoted to the science of archery, was my friend. Through my association with him, I then became excellent in archery.
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु मृगयां निर्गतो नृपः ।
सहितो योधमुख्यैश्च मन्त्रिभिश्च सुसंवृतः ।
ततोऽभ्यहन्मृगांस्तत्र सुबहूनाश्रमं प्रति ॥२४॥
24. etasminneva kāle tu mṛgayāṁ nirgato nṛpaḥ ,
sahito yodhamukhyaiśca mantribhiśca susaṁvṛtaḥ ,
tato'bhyahanmṛgāṁstatra subahūnāśramaṁ prati.
24. etasmin eva kāle tu mṛgayām nirgataḥ
nṛpaḥ sahitaḥ yodhamukhyaiḥ ca
mantribhiḥ ca susaṃvṛtaḥ tataḥ abhyahan
mṛgān tatra subahūn āśramam prati
24. At that very time, the king went out hunting, accompanied by chief warriors and well-surrounded by ministers. Then, he killed many deer there, very near the hermitage.
अथ क्षिप्तः शरो घोरो मयापि द्विजसत्तम ।
ताडितश्च मुनिस्तेन शरेणानतपर्वणा ॥२५॥
25. atha kṣiptaḥ śaro ghoro mayāpi dvijasattama ,
tāḍitaśca munistena śareṇānataparvaṇā.
25. atha kṣiptaḥ śaraḥ ghoraḥ mayā api dvijasattama
tāḍitaḥ ca muniḥ tena śareṇa ānataparvaṇā
25. Then, O best of brahmins (dvijasattama), a terrible arrow was shot by me as well. And by that arrow, with its unbent shaft, the sage was struck.
भूमौ निपतितो ब्रह्मन्नुवाच प्रतिनादयन् ।
नापराध्याम्यहं किंचित्केन पापमिदं कृतम् ॥२६॥
26. bhūmau nipatito brahmannuvāca pratinādayan ,
nāparādhyāmyahaṁ kiṁcitkena pāpamidaṁ kṛtam.
26. bhūmau nipatitaḥ brahman uvāca pratinādayan na
aparādhyāmi aham kiñcit kena pāpam idam kṛtam
26. Having fallen to the ground, O brahmin, he spoke, his voice echoing (with pain): "I have not committed any offense (aparādhyāmi). By whom has this sin been done?"
मन्वानस्तं मृगं चाहं संप्राप्तः सहसा मुनिम् ।
अपश्यं तमृषिं विद्धं शरेणानतपर्वणा ।
तमुग्रतपसं विप्रं निष्टनन्तं महीतले ॥२७॥
27. manvānastaṁ mṛgaṁ cāhaṁ saṁprāptaḥ sahasā munim ,
apaśyaṁ tamṛṣiṁ viddhaṁ śareṇānataparvaṇā ,
tamugratapasaṁ vipraṁ niṣṭanantaṁ mahītale.
27. manvānaḥ tam mṛgam ca aham saṃprāptaḥ
sahasā munim apaśyam tam ṛṣim
viddham śareṇa ānataparvaṇā tam
ugratapasam vipram niṣṭanantam mahītale
27. And I, thinking it was a deer, suddenly came upon the sage. I saw that sage, wounded by an arrow with a straight shaft – that brahmin (vipra) of severe asceticism (tapas), groaning on the ground.
अकार्यकरणाच्चापि भृशं मे व्यथितं मनः ।
अजानता कृतमिदं मयेत्यथ तमब्रुवम् ।
क्षन्तुमर्हसि मे ब्रह्मन्निति चोक्तो मया मुनिः ॥२८॥
28. akāryakaraṇāccāpi bhṛśaṁ me vyathitaṁ manaḥ ,
ajānatā kṛtamidaṁ mayetyatha tamabruvam ,
kṣantumarhasi me brahmanniti cokto mayā muniḥ.
28. akāryakaraṇāt ca api bhṛśam me
vyathitam manaḥ ajānatā kṛtam idam mayā
iti atha tam abruvam kṣantum arhasi
me brahman iti ca uktaḥ mayā muniḥ
28. My mind was greatly distressed because of this improper act. I then said to him, 'This was done by me unknowingly. O Brahmin, you should forgive me.' After I spoke to the sage in this way...
ततः प्रत्यब्रवीद्वाक्यमृषिर्मां क्रोधमूर्छितः ।
व्याधस्त्वं भविता क्रूर शूद्रयोनाविति द्विज ॥२९॥
29. tataḥ pratyabravīdvākyamṛṣirmāṁ krodhamūrchitaḥ ,
vyādhastvaṁ bhavitā krūra śūdrayonāviti dvija.
29. tataḥ prati abravīt vākyam ṛṣiḥ mām krodhamūrcchitaḥ
vyādhaḥ tvam bhavitā krūra śūdrayonau iti dvija
29. Then the sage (ṛṣi), maddened by rage, replied to me with these words: 'You, cruel one, will be born as a hunter in a śūdra family!' (He said this,) O twice-born (dvija).