Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-42

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अथ दुर्योधनो राजा समरे भीष्ममब्रवीत् ।
द्रोणं च रथशार्दूलं कृपं च सुमहारथम् ॥१॥
1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
atha duryodhano rājā samare bhīṣmamabravīt ,
droṇaṁ ca rathaśārdūlaṁ kṛpaṁ ca sumahāratham.
1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca atha duryodhanaḥ rājā samare bhīṣmam
abravīt droṇam ca rathaśārdūlam kṛpam ca sumahāratham
1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then King Duryodhana spoke in battle to Bhishma, and to Drona, that foremost of charioteers, and to Kripa, the great general.
उक्तोऽयमर्थ आचार्यो मया कर्णेन चासकृत् ।
पुनरेव च वक्ष्यामि न हि तृप्यामि तं ब्रुवन् ॥२॥
2. ukto'yamartha ācāryo mayā karṇena cāsakṛt ,
punareva ca vakṣyāmi na hi tṛpyāmi taṁ bruvan.
2. uktaḥ ayam arthaḥ ācāryaḥ mayā karṇena ca asakṛt
punaḥ eva ca vakṣyāmi na hi tṛpyāmi tam bruvan
2. This matter, O Teacher, has been stated by Karna and me repeatedly. And I will speak of it again, for I am certainly not satisfied while speaking it.
पराजितैर्हि वस्तव्यं तैश्च द्वादश वत्सरान् ।
वने जनपदेऽज्ञातैरेष एव पणो हि नः ॥३॥
3. parājitairhi vastavyaṁ taiśca dvādaśa vatsarān ,
vane janapade'jñātaireṣa eva paṇo hi naḥ.
3. parājitaiḥ hi vastavyam taiḥ ca dvādaśa vatsarān
vane janapade ajñātaiḥ eṣaḥ eva paṇaḥ hi naḥ
3. Indeed, it is stipulated that the defeated ones must dwell for twelve years, in the forest and in populated areas, unrecognized. This is certainly our wager.
तेषां न तावन्निर्वृत्तं वर्तते तु त्रयोदशम् ।
अज्ञातवासं बीभत्सुरथास्माभिः समागतः ॥४॥
4. teṣāṁ na tāvannirvṛttaṁ vartate tu trayodaśam ,
ajñātavāsaṁ bībhatsurathāsmābhiḥ samāgataḥ.
4. teṣām na tāvat nirvr̥ttam vartate tu trayodaśam
ajñātavāsam bībhatsuḥ atha asmābhiḥ samāgataḥ
4. Their thirteenth year is not yet completed. Yet, Arjuna (Bībhatsu) has now come among us during his period of living in disguise (ajñātavāsa).
अनिवृत्ते तु निर्वासे यदि बीभत्सुरागतः ।
पुनर्द्वादश वर्षाणि वने वत्स्यन्ति पाण्डवाः ॥५॥
5. anivṛtte tu nirvāse yadi bībhatsurāgataḥ ,
punardvādaśa varṣāṇi vane vatsyanti pāṇḍavāḥ.
5. anivṛtte tu nirvāse yadi bībhatsuḥ āgataḥ
punaḥ dvādaśa varṣāṇi vane vatsyanti pāṇḍavāḥ
5. If Arjuna (Bībhatsu) has returned before the completion of their period of exile, then the Pāṇḍavas will have to dwell in the forest for another twelve years.
लोभाद्वा ते न जानीयुरस्मान्वा मोह आविशत् ।
हीनातिरिक्तमेतेषां भीष्मो वेदितुमर्हति ॥६॥
6. lobhādvā te na jānīyurasmānvā moha āviśat ,
hīnātiriktameteṣāṁ bhīṣmo veditumarhati.
6. lobhāt vā te na jānīyuḥ asmān vā mohaḥ āviśat
hīnātiriktam eteṣām bhīṣmaḥ veditum arhati
6. Perhaps they do not recognize us due to greed, or perhaps delusion has overcome us. Bhishma is certainly capable of knowing what is deficient or excessive in their claim.
अर्थानां तु पुनर्द्वैधे नित्यं भवति संशयः ।
अन्यथा चिन्तितो ह्यर्थः पुनर्भवति चान्यथा ॥७॥
7. arthānāṁ tu punardvaidhe nityaṁ bhavati saṁśayaḥ ,
anyathā cintito hyarthaḥ punarbhavati cānyathā.
7. arthānām tu punaḥ dvaidhe nityam bhavati saṃśayaḥ
anyathā cintitaḥ hi arthaḥ punaḥ bhavati ca anyathā
7. Indeed, when there is a duality or dispute concerning matters, doubt always arises. A thing thought to be one way actually turns out to be another.
उत्तरं मार्गमाणानां मत्स्यसेनां युयुत्सताम् ।
यदि बीभत्सुरायातस्तेषां कः स्यात्पराङ्मुखः ॥८॥
8. uttaraṁ mārgamāṇānāṁ matsyasenāṁ yuyutsatām ,
yadi bībhatsurāyātasteṣāṁ kaḥ syātparāṅmukhaḥ.
8. uttaram mārgamāṇānām matsyasenām yuyutsatām |
yadi bhībhatsuḥ āyātaḥ teṣām kaḥ syāt parāṅmukhaḥ
8. The Matsyas are seeking a northern route and are eager to fight the Matsya army. If Arjuna (Bhībhatsu) has arrived, who among them would turn away in retreat?
त्रिगर्तानां वयं हेतोर्मत्स्यान्योद्धुमिहागताः ।
मत्स्यानां विप्रकारांस्ते बहूनस्मानकीर्तयन् ॥९॥
9. trigartānāṁ vayaṁ hetormatsyānyoddhumihāgatāḥ ,
matsyānāṁ viprakārāṁste bahūnasmānakīrtayan.
9. trigartānām vayam hetoḥ matsyān yoddhum iha āgatāḥ
| matsyānām viprakārān te bahūn asmān akīrtayan
9. For the sake of the Trigartas, we have come here to fight the Matsyas. They recounted to us many offenses (viprakāra) committed by the Matsyas.
तेषां भयाभिपन्नानां तदस्माभिः प्रतिश्रुतम् ।
प्रथमं तैर्ग्रहीतव्यं मत्स्यानां गोधनं महत् ॥१०॥
10. teṣāṁ bhayābhipannānāṁ tadasmābhiḥ pratiśrutam ,
prathamaṁ tairgrahītavyaṁ matsyānāṁ godhanaṁ mahat.
10. teṣām bhayābhipannānām tat asmābhiḥ pratiśrutam |
prathamam taiḥ grahītavyam matsyānām godhanam mahat
10. To those (Trigartas) who were struck with fear, this was promised by us: first, their great wealth of cattle (godhana) belonging to the Matsyas should be seized by them.
सप्तमीमपराह्णे वै तथा नस्तैः समाहितम् ।
अष्टम्यां पुनरस्माभिरादित्यस्योदयं प्रति ॥११॥
11. saptamīmaparāhṇe vai tathā nastaiḥ samāhitam ,
aṣṭamyāṁ punarasmābhirādityasyodayaṁ prati.
11. saptamīm aparāhṇe vai tathā naḥ taiḥ samāhitam
| aṣṭamyām punaḥ asmābhiḥ ādityasya udayam prati
11. Thus, on the afternoon of the seventh day, it was settled by them (the Trigartas) for us; and then, on the eighth day, by us, toward the rising of the sun.
ते वा गावो न पश्यन्ति यदि व स्युः पराजिताः ।
अस्मान्वाप्यतिसंधाय कुर्युर्मत्स्येन संगतम् ॥१२॥
12. te vā gāvo na paśyanti yadi va syuḥ parājitāḥ ,
asmānvāpyatisaṁdhāya kuryurmatsyena saṁgatam.
12. te vā gāvaḥ na paśyanti yadi va syuḥ parājitāḥ
asmān vā api atisandhāya kuryuḥ matsyena saṃgatam
12. Or perhaps they (our enemies) have not yet sighted the cows, or they might be defeated. Or, having outmaneuvered us, they could form an alliance with King Matsya (Virāṭa).
अथ वा तानुपायातो मत्स्यो जानपदैः सह ।
सर्वया सेनया सार्धमस्मान्योद्धुमुपागतः ॥१३॥
13. atha vā tānupāyāto matsyo jānapadaiḥ saha ,
sarvayā senayā sārdhamasmānyoddhumupāgataḥ.
13. atha vā tān upāyātaḥ matsyaḥ jānapadaiḥ saha
sarvayā senayā sārdham asmān yoddhum upāgataḥ
13. Or else, King Matsya (Virāṭa) himself, having approached his people, has arrived with his countrymen and his entire army to fight us.
तेषामेव महावीर्यः कश्चिदेव पुरःसरः ।
अस्माञ्जेतुमिहायातो मत्स्यो वापि स्वयं भवेत् ॥१४॥
14. teṣāmeva mahāvīryaḥ kaścideva puraḥsaraḥ ,
asmāñjetumihāyāto matsyo vāpi svayaṁ bhavet.
14. teṣām eva mahāvīryaḥ kaścit eva puraḥsaraḥ asmān
jetum iha āyātaḥ matsyaḥ vā api svayam bhavet
14. Indeed, some greatly powerful leader from among them has come here to conquer us, or it might even be King Matsya (Virāṭa) himself.
यद्येष राजा मत्स्यानां यदि बीभत्सुरागतः ।
सर्वैर्योद्धव्यमस्माभिरिति नः समयः कृतः ॥१५॥
15. yadyeṣa rājā matsyānāṁ yadi bībhatsurāgataḥ ,
sarvairyoddhavyamasmābhiriti naḥ samayaḥ kṛtaḥ.
15. yadi eṣaḥ rājā matsyānām yadi bībhatsuḥ āgataḥ
sarvaiḥ yoddhavyam asmābhiḥ iti naḥ samayaḥ kṛtaḥ
15. If this is the King of the Matsyas, or if Bibhatsu (Arjuna) has arrived, then it is our agreement that all of us must fight.
अथ कस्मात्स्थिता ह्येते रथेषु रथसत्तमाः ।
भीष्मो द्रोणः कृपश्चैव विकर्णो द्रौणिरेव च ॥१६॥
16. atha kasmātsthitā hyete ratheṣu rathasattamāḥ ,
bhīṣmo droṇaḥ kṛpaścaiva vikarṇo drauṇireva ca.
16. atha kasmāt sthitāḥ hi ete ratheṣu rathasattamāḥ
bhīṣmaḥ droṇaḥ kṛpaḥ ca eva vikarṇaḥ drauṇiḥ eva ca
16. Now, why are these foremost chariot-warriors - Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, Vikarna, and Drona's son - standing in their chariots?
संभ्रान्तमनसः सर्वे काले ह्यस्मिन्महारथाः ।
नान्यत्र युद्धाच्छ्रेयोऽस्ति तथात्मा प्रणिधीयताम् ॥१७॥
17. saṁbhrāntamanasaḥ sarve kāle hyasminmahārathāḥ ,
nānyatra yuddhācchreyo'sti tathātmā praṇidhīyatām.
17. saṃbhrāntamanasaḥ sarve kāle hi asmin mahārathāḥ na
anyatra yuddhāt śreyaḥ asti tathā ātmā praṇidhīyatām
17. Indeed, all these great chariot-warriors are bewildered in mind at this moment. There is no greater good (śreyas) than battle, so let the self (ātman) be steadfastly applied to it.
आच्छिन्ने गोधनेऽस्माकमपि देवेन वज्रिणा ।
यमेन वापि संग्रामे को हास्तिनपुरं व्रजेत् ॥१८॥
18. ācchinne godhane'smākamapi devena vajriṇā ,
yamena vāpi saṁgrāme ko hāstinapuraṁ vrajet.
18. ācchinne godhane asmākam api devena vajriṇā
yamena vā api saṃgrāme kaḥ ha hāstinapurām vrajet
18. If our cattle-wealth were to be seized, even by the wielder of the thunderbolt (vajrin) or by Yama himself in battle, who indeed would return to Hastinapura?
शरैरभिप्रणुन्नानां भग्नानां गहने वने ।
को हि जीवेत्पदातीनां भवेदश्वेषु संशयः ।
आचार्यं पृष्ठतः कृत्वा तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥१९॥
19. śarairabhipraṇunnānāṁ bhagnānāṁ gahane vane ,
ko hi jīvetpadātīnāṁ bhavedaśveṣu saṁśayaḥ ,
ācāryaṁ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā tathā nītirvidhīyatām.
19. śaraiḥ abhipraṇunnānām bhagnānām
gahane vane kaḥ hi jīvet padātīnām
bhavet aśveṣu saṃśayaḥ ācāryam
pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā tathā nītiḥ vidhīyatām
19. Who, among foot soldiers, would survive if they were thoroughly repelled by arrows and routed in a dense forest? Even for those on horseback, there would be doubt. Therefore, let a strategy (nīti) be arranged with the preceptor (ācārya) kept safe behind.
जानाति हि मतं तेषामतस्त्रासयतीव नः ।
अर्जुनेनास्य संप्रीतिमधिकामुपलक्षये ॥२०॥
20. jānāti hi mataṁ teṣāmatastrāsayatīva naḥ ,
arjunenāsya saṁprītimadhikāmupalakṣaye.
20. jānāti hi matam teṣām atas trāsayati iva naḥ
arjunena asya samprītim adhikām upalakṣaye
20. Indeed, he knows their intention, and therefore he seems to frighten us. I observe his great affection for Arjuna.
तथा हि दृष्ट्वा बीभत्सुमुपायान्तं प्रशंसति ।
यथा सेना न भज्येत तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥२१॥
21. tathā hi dṛṣṭvā bībhatsumupāyāntaṁ praśaṁsati ,
yathā senā na bhajyeta tathā nītirvidhīyatām.
21. tathā hi dṛṣṭvā bībhatsum upāyāntam praśaṃsati
yathā senā na bhajyeta tathā nītiḥ vidhīyatām
21. Indeed, upon seeing Bībhatsu (Arjuna) approaching, he praises him. Therefore, let a strategy (nīti) be devised so that the army may not be broken.
अदेशिका महारण्ये ग्रीष्मे शत्रुवशं गता ।
यथा न विभ्रमेत्सेना तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥२२॥
22. adeśikā mahāraṇye grīṣme śatruvaśaṁ gatā ,
yathā na vibhrametsenā tathā nītirvidhīyatām.
22. adeśikā mahāraṇye grīṣme śatruvaśam gatā
yathā na vibhramet senā tathā nītiḥ vidhīyatām
22. Being without a guide in a great forest, and having fallen into the enemy's power during summer, let a strategy (nīti) be devised so that the army does not become disoriented.
अश्वानां हेषितं श्रुत्वा का प्रशंसा भवेत्परे ।
स्थाने वापि व्रजन्तो वा सदा हेषन्ति वाजिनः ॥२३॥
23. aśvānāṁ heṣitaṁ śrutvā kā praśaṁsā bhavetpare ,
sthāne vāpi vrajanto vā sadā heṣanti vājinaḥ.
23. aśvānām heṣitam śrutvā kā praśaṃsā bhavet pare
sthāne vā api vrajantaḥ vā sadā heṣanti vājinaḥ
23. Having heard the neighing of horses, what praise can there be for the enemy? For horses always neigh, whether they are standing or moving.
सदा च वायवो वान्ति नित्यं वर्षति वासवः ।
स्तनयित्नोश्च निर्घोषः श्रूयते बहुशस्तथा ॥२४॥
24. sadā ca vāyavo vānti nityaṁ varṣati vāsavaḥ ,
stanayitnośca nirghoṣaḥ śrūyate bahuśastathā.
24. sadā ca vāyavaḥ vānti nityaṃ varṣati vāsavaḥ |
stanayitnoḥ ca nirghoṣaḥ śrūyate bahuśaḥ tathā
24. The winds always blow, and Indra continually sends rain. Similarly, the roar of thunder is heard frequently.
किमत्र कार्यं पार्थस्य कथं वा स प्रशस्यते ।
अन्यत्र कामाद्द्वेषाद्वा रोषाद्वास्मासु केवलात् ॥२५॥
25. kimatra kāryaṁ pārthasya kathaṁ vā sa praśasyate ,
anyatra kāmāddveṣādvā roṣādvāsmāsu kevalāt.
25. kim atra kāryaṃ pārthasya kathaṃ vā sa praśasyate
| anyatra kāmāt dveṣāt vā roṣāt vā asmāsu kevalāt
25. What is Arjuna's business here, or how is he praised, except out of mere desire, hatred, or anger directed solely at us?
आचार्या वै कारुणिकाः प्राज्ञाश्चापायदर्शिनः ।
नैते महाभये प्राप्ते संप्रष्टव्याः कथंचन ॥२६॥
26. ācāryā vai kāruṇikāḥ prājñāścāpāyadarśinaḥ ,
naite mahābhaye prāpte saṁpraṣṭavyāḥ kathaṁcana.
26. ācāryāḥ vai kāruṇikāḥ prājñāḥ ca apāyadarśinaḥ |
na ete mahābhaye prāpte saṃpraṣṭavyāḥ kathaṃcana
26. Indeed, teachers are compassionate and wise, foreseeing dangers. However, when a great danger has arrived, they should never be consulted.
प्रासादेषु विचित्रेषु गोष्ठीष्वावसथेषु च ।
कथा विचित्राः कुर्वाणाः पण्डितास्तत्र शोभनाः ॥२७॥
27. prāsādeṣu vicitreṣu goṣṭhīṣvāvasatheṣu ca ,
kathā vicitrāḥ kurvāṇāḥ paṇḍitāstatra śobhanāḥ.
27. prāsādeṣu vicitreṣu goṣṭhīṣu āvasatheṣu ca |
kathāḥ vicitrāḥ kurvāṇāḥ paṇḍitāḥ tatra śobhanāḥ
27. In splendid palaces, gatherings, and residences, scholars who tell fascinating stories appear brilliant there.
बहून्याश्चर्यरूपाणि कुर्वन्तो जनसंसदि ।
इष्वस्त्रे चारुसंधाने पण्डितास्तत्र शोभनाः ॥२८॥
28. bahūnyāścaryarūpāṇi kurvanto janasaṁsadi ,
iṣvastre cārusaṁdhāne paṇḍitāstatra śobhanāḥ.
28. bahūni āścaryarūpāṇi kurvantaḥ janasaṃsadi |
iṣvastre cārusandhāne paṇḍitāḥ tatra śobhanāḥ
28. Experts who perform many wondrous feats in public gatherings, especially regarding the skillful aiming and fitting of arrows, are brilliant in that area.
परेषां विवरज्ञाने मनुष्याचरितेषु च ।
अन्नसंस्कारदोषेषु पण्डितास्तत्र शोभनाः ॥२९॥
29. pareṣāṁ vivarajñāne manuṣyācariteṣu ca ,
annasaṁskāradoṣeṣu paṇḍitāstatra śobhanāḥ.
29. pareṣām vivarajñāne manuṣyācariteṣu ca |
annasaṃskāradoṣeṣu paṇḍitāḥ tatra śobhanāḥ
29. Experts are brilliant in understanding the weak points of others, discerning human conduct, and identifying faults in food preparation.
पण्डितान्पृष्ठतः कृत्वा परेषां गुणवादिनः ।
विधीयतां तथा नीतिर्यथा वध्येत वै परः ॥३०॥
30. paṇḍitānpṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā pareṣāṁ guṇavādinaḥ ,
vidhīyatāṁ tathā nītiryathā vadhyeta vai paraḥ.
30. paṇḍitān pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā pareṣām guṇavādinaḥ |
vidhīyatām tathā nītiḥ yathā vadhyeta vai paraḥ
30. Setting aside the learned (paṇḍita) and those who praise the virtues of others, let such a policy (nīti) be enacted that the enemy may indeed be annihilated.
गावश्चैव प्रतिष्ठन्तां सेनां व्यूहन्तु माचिरम् ।
आरक्षाश्च विधीयन्तां यत्र योत्स्यामहे परान् ॥३१॥
31. gāvaścaiva pratiṣṭhantāṁ senāṁ vyūhantu māciram ,
ārakṣāśca vidhīyantāṁ yatra yotsyāmahe parān.
31. gāvaḥ ca eva pratiṣṭhantām senām vyūhantu mā ciram
| ārakṣāḥ ca vidhīyantām yatra yotsyāmahe parān
31. Let the cows be secured, and let the army be arrayed without delay. Guards should also be appointed where we are to fight the enemies.