महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-87, verse-2

ययातिरुवाच ।
अनिकेतो गृहस्थेषु कामवृत्तेषु संयतः ।
ग्राम एव वसन्भिक्षुस्तयोः पूर्वतरं गतः ॥२॥

2. yayātiruvāca ,
aniketo gṛhastheṣu kāmavṛtteṣu saṁyataḥ ,
grāma eva vasanbhikṣustayoḥ pūrvataraṁ gataḥ.

2. Yayātiḥ uvāca aniketaḥ gṛhastheṣu kāmavṛtteṣu saṃyataḥ
grāme eva vasan bhikṣuḥ tayoḥ pūrvataram gataḥ

2. Yayāti said: A mendicant (bhikṣu), homeless (aniketa) and self-controlled, even while dwelling in the very village among householders who indulge in desires, attains his destination sooner than those householders.

2. יַיָאטִי השיב, הנזיר החי בכפר עצמו, ללא בית קבע ובעל ריסון בין בעלי בתים החיים כרצונם, הוא זה שהגיע קודם משניהם.

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayāti (Yayāti)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - homeless, without a dwelling, unattached

• गृहस्थेषु (gṛhastheṣu) - among householders

• कामवृत्तेषु (kāmavṛtteṣu) - among those whose conduct is driven by desire, indulging in desires

• संयतः (saṁyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

• ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, very

• वसन् (vasan) - living, dwelling, residing (masc. nom. sg. present active participle)

• भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - mendicant, renunciant, beggar

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - than the householders mentioned (of those two, than those two)

• पूर्वतरम् (pūrvataram) - earlier, sooner (comparative degree)

• गतः (gataḥ) - attained the goal/destination (gone, reached, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - King Yayāti (Yayāti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yayāti

Yayāti - Name of an ancient king

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect (Liṭ)

Root: √vac (class 2)

अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - homeless, without a dwelling, unattached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniketa

aniketa - homeless, without a dwelling, unattached

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+niketa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• niketa – home, dwelling, abode
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √ket (class 10)

गृहस्थेषु (gṛhastheṣu) - among householders

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one who dwells in a house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, dwelling, being in
  adjective
  agent noun/derivative from root √sthā
  From √sthā (to stand) + affix -a
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

कामवृत्तेषु (kāmavṛtteṣu) - among those whose conduct is driven by desire, indulging in desires

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kāmavṛtta

kāmavṛtta - whose conduct is driven by desire, acting as one pleases, indulging in desires

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √kam (class 1)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, behavior
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (to be, to exist, to proceed) + affix -ta
  Root: √vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies gṛhastheṣu

संयतः (saṁyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyata

saṁyata - restrained, controlled, disciplined, composed

Past Passive Participle

From √yam (to restrain) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: √yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies bhikṣuḥ

ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, community

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'grāme'

वसन् (vasan) - living, dwelling, residing (masc. nom. sg. present active participle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - living, dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

From √vas (to dwell) + śatṛ affix

Root: √vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies bhikṣuḥ

भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - mendicant, renunciant, beggar

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhikṣu

bhikṣu - mendicant, renunciant, beggar, Buddhist monk

From desiderative of √bhaj/√bhikṣ

Root: √bhikṣ

Note: Subject of the sentence

तयोः (tayoḥ) - than the householders mentioned (of those two, than those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

पूर्वतरम् (pūrvataram) - earlier, sooner (comparative degree)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvatara

pūrvatara - earlier, prior, sooner (comparative of pūrva)

Comparative suffix -tara added to pūrva

Note: Adverbial accusative

गतः (gataḥ) - attained the goal/destination (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go) + kta affix

Root: √gam (class 1)

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