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वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्       vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31

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ततः शूर्पणखा दीना रावणं लोकरावणम् ।
अमात्यमध्ये संक्रुद्धा परुषं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१॥
1. tataḥ śūrpaṇakhā dīnā rāvaṇaṃ lokarāvaṇam ,
amātyamadhye saṃkruddhā paruṣaṃ vākyamabravīt.
1. tataḥ śūrpaṇakhā dīnā rāvaṇam lokarāvaṇam
amātyamadhye saṃkruddhā paruṣam vākyam abravīt
1. tataḥ dīnā saṃkruddhā śūrpaṇakhā amātyamadhye
lokarāvaṇam rāvaṇam paruṣam vākyam abravīt
1. Then, the miserable Surpanakha, greatly enraged amidst his ministers, spoke harsh words to Ravana, the tormentor of the worlds.
प्रमत्तः कामभोगेषु स्वैरवृत्तो निरङ्कुशः ।
समुत्पन्नं भयं घोरं बोद्धव्यं नावबुध्यसे ॥२॥
2. pramattaḥ kāmabhogeṣu svairavṛtto niraṅkuśaḥ ,
samutpannaṃ bhayaṃ ghoraṃ boddhavyaṃ nāvabudhyase.
2. pramattaḥ kāmabhogeṣu svairavṛttaḥ niraṅkuśaḥ
samutpannam bhayam ghoram boddhavyam na avabudhyase
2. (tvam) kāmabhogeṣu pramattaḥ svairavṛttaḥ niraṅkuśaḥ
(asi) samutpannam ghoram bhayam boddhavyam na avabudhyase
2. Negligent in sensual pleasures, uncontrolled in your conduct, and unrestrained, you fail to comprehend the terrible danger that has arisen, which ought to be understood.
सक्तं ग्राम्येषु भोगेषु कामवृत्तं महीपतिम् ।
लुब्धं न बहु मन्यन्ते श्मशानाग्निमिव प्रजाः ॥३॥
3. saktaṃ grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu kāmavṛttaṃ mahīpatim ,
lubdhaṃ na bahu manyante śmaśānāgnimiva prajāḥ.
3. saktam grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu kāmavṛttam mahīpatim
lubdham na bahu manyante śmaśānāgnim iva prajāḥ
3. prajāḥ grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu saktam kāmavṛttam lubdham
mahīpatim śmaśānāgnim iva na bahu manyante
3. Subjects do not highly respect a greedy king who is attached to worldly pleasures and acts willfully, just as they would not respect a cremation ground fire.
स्वयं कार्याणि यः काले नानुतिष्ठति पार्थिवः ।
स तु वै सह राज्येन तैश्च कार्यैर्विनश्यति ॥४॥
4. svayaṃ kāryāṇi yaḥ kāle nānutiṣṭhati pārthivaḥ ,
sa tu vai saha rājyena taiśca kāryairvinaśyati.
4. svayam kāryāṇi yaḥ kāle na anutiṣṭhati pārthivaḥ
sa tu vai saha rājyena taiḥ ca kāryaiḥ vinaśyati
4. yaḥ pārthivaḥ svayam kāle kāryāṇi na anutiṣṭhati,
saḥ tu vai rājyena ca taiḥ kāryaiḥ saha vinaśyati
4. The king who does not personally execute his duties at the proper time, he indeed perishes along with his kingdom and those very tasks.
अयुक्तचारं दुर्दर्शमस्वाधीनं नराधिपम् ।
वर्जयन्ति नरा दूरान्नदीपङ्कमिव द्विपाः ॥५॥
5. ayuktacāraṃ durdarśamasvādhīnaṃ narādhipam ,
varjayanti narā dūrānnadīpaṅkamiva dvipāḥ.
5. ayuktacāram durdarśam asvādīnam narādhipam
varjayanti narāḥ dūrāt nadīpaṅkam iva dvipāḥ
5. narāḥ ayuktacāram durdarśam asvādīnam narādhipam
dūrāt varjayanti dvipāḥ nadīpaṅkam iva
5. Men avoid from afar a king whose actions are improper, who is difficult to approach, and who lacks self-control, just as elephants avoid river mud.
ये न रक्षन्ति विषयमस्वाधीना नराधिपः ।
ते न वृद्ध्या प्रकाशन्ते गिरयः सागरे यथा ॥६॥
6. ye na rakṣanti viṣayamasvādhīnā narādhipaḥ ,
te na vṛddhyā prakāśante girayaḥ sāgare yathā.
6. ye na rakṣanti viṣayam asvādīnāḥ narādhipaḥ
te na vṛddhyā prakāśante girayaḥ sāgare yathā
6. ye asvādīnāḥ narādhipaḥ viṣayam na rakṣanti
te vṛddhyā na prakāśante yathā girayaḥ sāgare
6. Those kings who, lacking self-control, do not protect their domain, do not shine forth with prosperity, just as mountains do not appear prominent when submerged in the ocean.
आत्मवद्भिर्विगृह्य त्वं देवगन्धर्वदानवैः ।
अयुक्तचारश्चपलः कथं राजा भविष्यसि ॥७॥
7. ātmavadbhirvigṛhya tvaṃ devagandharvadānavaiḥ ,
ayuktacāraścapalaḥ kathaṃ rājā bhaviṣyasi.
7. ātmavadbhiḥ vigṛhya tvam devagandharvadānavaiḥ
ayuktacāraḥ capalaḥ katham rājā bhaviṣyasi
7. tvam ayuktacāraḥ capalaḥ ātmavadbhiḥ
devagandharvadānavaiḥ vigṛhya katham rājā bhaviṣyasi
7. How will you become a king, you who are fickle and whose actions are improper, when you have contended with the self-controlled Devas, Gandharvas, and Danavas?
येषां चारश्च कोशश्च नयश्च जयतां वर ।
अस्वाधीना नरेन्द्राणां प्राकृतैस्ते जनैः समाः ॥८॥
8. yeṣāṃ cāraśca kośaśca nayaśca jayatāṃ vara ,
asvādhīnā narendrāṇāṃ prākṛtaiste janaiḥ samāḥ.
8. yeṣām cāraḥ ca kośaḥ ca nayaḥ ca jayatām vara
asvādīnāḥ narendrāṇām prākṛtaiḥ te janaiḥ samāḥ
8. jayatām vara yeṣām narendrāṇām cāraḥ ca kośaḥ
ca nayaḥ ca asvādīnāḥ te prākṛtaiḥ janaiḥ samāḥ
8. O best among the victorious, those rulers whose intelligence network, treasury, and policies are not under their own control are considered equal to common people.
यस्मात् पश्यन्ति दूरस्थान् सर्वानर्थान्नराधिपाः ।
चारेण तस्मादुच्यन्ते राजानो दीर्घचक्षुषः ॥९॥
9. yasmāt paśyanti dūrasthān sarvānarthānnarādhipāḥ ,
cāreṇa tasmāducyante rājāno dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ.
9. yasmāt paśyanti dūrasthān sarvān arthān narādhipāḥ
cāreṇa tasmāt ucyante rājānaḥ dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ
9. narādhipāḥ yasmāt cāreṇa dūrasthān sarvān arthān paśyanti,
tasmāt rājānaḥ dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ ucyante.
9. Because kings (narādhipāḥ) perceive all distant matters through their network of spies (cāreṇa), they are therefore called 'long-sighted' rulers (rājānaḥ).
अयुक्तचारं मन्ये त्वां प्राकृतैः सचिवैर्वृतम् ।
स्वजनं च जनस्थानं हतं यो नावबुध्यसे ॥१०॥
10. ayuktacāraṃ manye tvāṃ prākṛtaiḥ sacivairvṛtam ,
svajanaṃ ca janasthānaṃ hataṃ yo nāvabudhyase.
10. ayuktacāram manye tvām prākṛtaiḥ sacivaiḥ vṛtam
svajanam ca janasthānam hatam yaḥ na avabudhyase
10. yaḥ svajanam ca janasthānam hatam na avabudhyase,
(tam) tvām prākṛtaiḥ sacivaiḥ vṛtam ayuktacāram manye.
10. I consider you to be poorly informed by intelligence (cāra) and surrounded by incompetent ministers, you who do not realize that your own people and Janasthana have been destroyed.
चतुर्दश सहस्राणि रक्षसां भीमकर्मणाम् ।
हतान्येकेन रामेण खरश्च सहदूषणः ॥११॥
11. caturdaśa sahasrāṇi rakṣasāṃ bhīmakarmaṇām ,
hatānyekena rāmeṇa kharaśca sahadūṣaṇaḥ.
11. caturdaśa sahasrāṇi rakṣasām bhīmakarmaṇām
hatāni ekena rāmeṇa kharaḥ ca sahadūṣaṇaḥ
11. bhīmakarmaṇām caturdaśa sahasrāṇi rakṣasām,
ca kharaḥ sahadūṣaṇaḥ,
ekena rāmeṇa hatāni.
11. Fourteen thousand demons (rakṣasām) of terrible deeds, along with Khara and Dushana, have been slain by Rama alone.
ऋषीणामभयं दत्तं कृतक्षेमाश्च दण्डकाः ।
धर्षितं च जनस्थानं रामेणाक्लिष्टकर्मणा ॥१२॥
12. ṛṣīṇāmabhayaṃ dattaṃ kṛtakṣemāśca daṇḍakāḥ ,
dharṣitaṃ ca janasthānaṃ rāmeṇākliṣṭakarmaṇā.
12. ṛṣīṇām abhayam dattam kṛtakṣemāḥ ca daṇḍakāḥ
dharṣitam ca janasthānam rāmeṇa akliṣṭakarmaṇā
12. ṛṣīṇām abhayam dattam,
ca daṇḍakāḥ kṛtakṣemāḥ (kṛtāḥ); ca janasthānam akliṣṭakarmaṇā rāmeṇa dharṣitam.
12. Safety has been granted to the sages, and the Dandaka forest has been made secure. Janasthana has also been devastated by Rama, whose actions are effortless.
त्वं तु लुब्धः प्रमत्तश्च पराधीनश्च रावण ।
विषये स्वे समुत्पन्नं भयं यो नावबुध्यसे ॥१३॥
13. tvaṃ tu lubdhaḥ pramattaśca parādhīnaśca rāvaṇa ,
viṣaye sve samutpannaṃ bhayaṃ yo nāvabudhyase.
13. tvam tu lubdhaḥ pramattaḥ ca parādhīnaḥ ca rāvaṇa
| viṣaye sve samutpannam bhayam yaḥ na avabudhyase
13. rāvaṇa tvam tu lubdhaḥ pramattaḥ ca parādhīnaḥ ca
yaḥ sve viṣaye samutpannam bhayam na avabudhyase
13. O Rāvaṇa, you are indeed greedy, negligent, and subservient to others, for you do not perceive the danger that has arisen in your own sphere.
तीक्ष्णमल्पप्रदातारं प्रमत्तं गर्वितं शठम् ।
व्यसने सर्वभूतानि नाभिधावन्ति पार्थिवम् ॥१४॥
14. tīkṣṇamalpapradātāraṃ pramattaṃ garvitaṃ śaṭham ,
vyasane sarvabhūtāni nābhidhāvanti pārthivam.
14. tīkṣṇam alpapradaātāram pramattam garvitam śaṭham
| vyasane sarvabhūtāni na abhidhāvanti pārthivam
14. sarvabhūtāni vyasane tīkṣṇam alpapradaātāram
pramattam garvitam śaṭham pārthivam na abhidhāvanti
14. All beings (or subjects) do not rally to a king who is severe, miserly, negligent, arrogant, and deceitful, especially when he is in distress.
अतिमानिनमग्राह्यमात्मसंभावितं नरम् ।
क्रोधनं व्यसने हन्ति स्वजनो ऽपि नराधिपम् ॥१५॥
15. atimāninamagrāhyamātmasaṃbhāvitaṃ naram ,
krodhanaṃ vyasane hanti svajano'pi narādhipam.
15. atimāninam agrāhyam ātmasaṃbhāvitam naram |
krodhanam vyasane hanti svajanaḥ api narādhipam
15. svajanaḥ api vyasane atimāninam agrāhyam
ātmasaṃbhāvitam krodhanam naram narādhipam hanti
15. Even his own kinsmen abandon a king who is excessively proud, unapproachable, self-conceited, and prone to anger, especially when he is in distress.
नानुतिष्ठति कार्याणि भयेषु न बिभेति च ।
क्षिप्रं राज्याच्च्युतो दीनस्तृणैस्तुल्यो भविष्यति ॥१६॥
16. nānutiṣṭhati kāryāṇi bhayeṣu na bibheti ca ,
kṣipraṃ rājyāccyuto dīnastṛṇaistulyo bhaviṣyati.
16. na anutiṣṭhati kāryāṇi bhayeṣu na bibheti ca |
kṣipram rājyāt cyutaḥ dīnaḥ tṛṇaiḥ tulyaḥ bhaviṣyati
16. yaḥ kāryāṇi na anutiṣṭhati ca bhayeṣu na bibheti,
saḥ kṣipram rājyāt cyutaḥ dīnaḥ tṛṇaiḥ tulyaḥ bhaviṣyati
16. A king who does not attend to his duties and shows no fear in dangerous situations will quickly become miserable, deprived of his kingdom, and as worthless as grass.
शुष्ककाष्ठैर्भवेत् कार्यं लोष्टैरपि च पांसुभिः ।
न तु स्थानात् परिभ्रष्टैः कार्यं स्याद्वसुधाधिपैः ॥१७॥
17. śuṣkakāṣṭhairbhavet kāryaṃ loṣṭairapi ca pāṃsubhiḥ ,
na tu sthānāt paribhraṣṭaiḥ kāryaṃ syādvasudhādhipaiḥ.
17. śuṣkakāṣṭhaiḥ bhavet kāryam loṣṭaiḥ api ca pāṃsubhiḥ
na tu sthānāt paribhraṣṭaiḥ kāryam syāt vasudhādhipaiḥ
17. kāryam śuṣkakāṣṭhaiḥ loṣṭaiḥ api ca pāṃsubhiḥ bhavet
tu sthānāt paribhraṣṭaiḥ vasudhādhipaiḥ kāryam na syāt
17. A task can be accomplished even with dry wood, clods of earth, or dust. However, no task can be accomplished by kings who have fallen from their rightful position.
उपभुक्तं यथा वासः स्रजो वा मृदिता यथा ।
एवं राज्यात् परिभ्रष्टः समर्थो ऽपि निरर्थकः ॥१८॥
18. upabhuktaṃ yathā vāsaḥ srajo vā mṛditā yathā ,
evaṃ rājyāt paribhraṣṭaḥ samartho'pi nirarthakaḥ.
18. upabhuktam yathā vāsaḥ srajaḥ vā mṛditā yathā evam
rājyāt paribhraṣṭaḥ samarthaḥ api nirarthakaḥ
18. yathā upabhuktam vāsaḥ vā mṛditā srajaḥ yathā evam
rājyāt paribhraṣṭaḥ samarthaḥ api nirarthakaḥ
18. Just as a garment that has been worn, or garlands that have been crushed, similarly, a capable person, even if competent, becomes useless when fallen from a kingdom.
अप्रमत्तश्च यो राजा सर्वज्ञो विजितेन्द्रियः ।
कृतज्ञो धर्मशीलश्च स राजा तिष्ठते चिरम् ॥१९॥
19. apramattaśca yo rājā sarvajño vijitendriyaḥ ,
kṛtajño dharmaśīlaśca sa rājā tiṣṭhate ciram.
19. apramattaḥ ca yaḥ rājā sarvajñaḥ vijitendriyaḥ
kṛtajñaḥ dharmaśīlaḥ ca saḥ rājā tiṣṭhate ciram
19. yaḥ rājā apramattaḥ ca sarvajñaḥ vijitendriyaḥ kṛtajñaḥ ca dharmaśīlaḥ,
saḥ rājā ciram tiṣṭhate
19. The king who is vigilant, omniscient, has controlled his senses, is grateful, and possesses a virtuous nature (dharma), that king endures for a long time.
नयनाभ्यां प्रसुप्तो ऽपि जागर्ति नयचक्षुषा ।
व्यक्तक्रोधप्रसादश्च स राजा पूज्यते जनैः ॥२०॥
20. nayanābhyāṃ prasupto'pi jāgarti nayacakṣuṣā ,
vyaktakrodhaprasādaśca sa rājā pūjyate janaiḥ.
20. nayanābhyām prasuptaḥ api jāgarti nayacakṣuṣā
vyaktakrodhaprasādaḥ ca saḥ rājā pūjyate janaiḥ
20. nayanābhyām prasuptaḥ api (saḥ) nayacakṣuṣā jāgarti ca yaḥ rājā vyaktakrodhaprasādaḥ,
saḥ rājā janaiḥ pūjyate
20. Even if physically asleep with his eyes, he remains awake through the eye of prudence (naya). That king, whose expressions of anger and favor are clearly manifest, is honored by the people.
त्वं तु रावणदुर्बुद्धिर्गुणैरेतैर्विवर्जितः ।
यस्य ते ऽविदितश्चारै रक्षसां सुमहान् वधः ॥२१॥
21. tvaṃ tu rāvaṇadurbuddhirguṇairetairvivarjitaḥ ,
yasya te'viditaścārai rakṣasāṃ sumahān vadhaḥ.
21. tvam tu rāvaṇa durbuddhiḥ guṇaiḥ etaiḥ vivarjitaḥ
| yasya te aviditaḥ cāraiḥ rakṣasām sumahān vadhaḥ
21. tu durbuddhiḥ rāvaṇa tvam etaiḥ guṇaiḥ vivarjitaḥ
yasya rakṣasām sumahān vadhaḥ te cāraiḥ aviditaḥ
21. But you, Ravana, are evil-minded and devoid of these qualities, as the very great destruction of the Rākṣasas, even by means of your own spies, remains unknown to you.
परावमन्ता विषयेषु संगतो नदेश कालप्रविभाग तत्त्ववित् ।
अयुक्तबुद्धिर्गुणदोषनिश्चये विपन्नराज्यो न चिराद्विपत्स्यते ॥२२॥
22. parāvamantā viṣayeṣu saṃgato nadeśa kālapravibhāga tattvavit ,
ayuktabuddhirguṇadoṣaniścaye vipannarājyo na cirādvipatsyate.
22. parāvamantā viṣayeṣu saṃgataḥ |
na deśa kālapravibhāga tattvavit
| ayuktabuddhiḥ guṇadoṣaniścaye
vipannarājyaḥ na cirāt vipatsyate
22. parāvamantā viṣayeṣu saṃgataḥ na
deśa kālapravibhāga tattvavit
ayuktabuddhiḥ guṇadoṣaniścaye
vipannarājyaḥ saḥ na cirāt vipatsyate
22. One who disrespects others, is engrossed in worldly pleasures, does not understand the proper distinctions of place and time, whose intellect is unfit for discerning merits and demerits, and whose kingdom is lost, will soon perish.
इति स्वदोषान्परिकीर्तितांस्तया समीक्ष्य बुद्ध्या क्षणदाचरेश्वरः ।
धनेन दर्पेण बलेन चान्वितो विचिन्तयामास चिरं स रावणः ॥२३॥
23. iti svadoṣānparikīrtitāṃstayā samīkṣya buddhyā kṣaṇadācareśvaraḥ ,
dhanena darpeṇa balena cānvito vicintayāmāsa ciraṃ sa rāvaṇaḥ.
23. iti svadoṣān parikīrtitān tayā
samīkṣya buddhyā kṣaṇadācareśvaraḥ
| dhanena darpeṇa balena ca anvitaḥ
vicintayāmāsa ciram sa rāvaṇaḥ
23. iti tayā parikīrtitān svadoṣān
buddhyā samīkṣya dhanena darpeṇa
balena ca anvitaḥ saḥ rāvaṇaḥ
kṣaṇadācareśvaraḥ ciram vicintayāmāsa
23. Having thus reflected with his intellect on his own faults, which had been enumerated by her (Shurpanakha), that Ravana, the lord of the Rākṣasas, who was endowed with wealth, arrogance, and strength, pondered for a long time.