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वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्       vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-4

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प्राप्तराज्यस्य रामस्य वाल्मीकिर्भगवानृषिः ।
चकार चरितं कृत्स्नं विचित्रपदमात्मवान् ॥१॥
1. prāptarājyasya rāmasya vālmīkirbhagavānṛṣiḥ ,
cakāra caritaṃ kṛtsnaṃ vicitrapadamātmavān.
1. prāptarājyasya rāmasya vālmīkiḥ bhagavān ṛṣiḥ
cakāra caritam kṛtsnam vicitrapadam ātmavān
1. vālmīkiḥ bhagavān ṛṣiḥ ātmavān prāptarājyasya
rāmasya kṛtsnam vicitrapadam caritam cakāra
1. The venerable sage Valmiki, possessed of great wisdom, composed the entire story of Rama, who had attained his kingdom, using wondrous words.
कृत्वा तु तन्महाप्राज्ञः सभविष्यं सहोत्तरम् ।
चिन्तयामास को न्वेतत् प्रयुञ्जीयादिति प्रभुः ॥२॥
2. kṛtvā tu tanmahāprājñaḥ sabhaviṣyaṃ sahottaram ,
cintayāmāsa ko nvetat prayuñjīyāditi prabhuḥ.
2. kṛtvā tu tat mahāprājñaḥ sabhaviṣyam saha uttaram
cintayāmāsa kaḥ nu etat prayuñjīyāt iti prabhuḥ
2. mahāprājñaḥ prabhuḥ tu tat sabhaviṣyam saha uttaram
kṛtvā cintayāmāsa kaḥ nu etat prayuñjīyāt iti
2. Having indeed composed that (epic), which included both future events and the Uttara Kāṇḍa, the greatly wise and capable (prabhu) sage then pondered, "Who, indeed, will recite this?"
तस्य चिन्तयमानस्य महर्षेर्भावितात्मनः ।
अगृह्णीतां ततः पादौ मुनिवेषौ कुशीलवौ ॥३॥
3. tasya cintayamānasya maharṣerbhāvitātmanaḥ ,
agṛhṇītāṃ tataḥ pādau muniveṣau kuśīlavau.
3. tasya cintayamānasya maharṣeḥ bhāvitātmanaḥ
agṛhṇītām tataḥ pādau muniveṣau kuśīlavau
3. tataḥ tasya cintayamānasya bhāvitātmanaḥ
maharṣeḥ pādau muniveṣau kuśīlavau agṛhṇītām
3. As that great sage, whose inner self (ātman) was refined, was thus pondering, Kuśa and Lava, dressed as ascetics, then took hold of his feet.
कुशीलवौ तु धर्मज्ञौ राजपुत्रौ यशस्विनौ ।
भ्रातरौ स्वरसंपन्नौ ददर्शाश्रमवासिनौ ॥४॥
4. kuśīlavau tu dharmajñau rājaputrau yaśasvinau ,
bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau dadarśāśramavāsinau.
4. kuśīlavau tu dharmajñau rājaputrau yaśasvinau
bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau dadarśa āśramavāsinau
4. saḥ (implied) tu dharmajñau rājaputrau yaśasvinau
bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau āśramavāsinau kuśīlavau dadarśa
4. He saw the two bards (kuśīlavau), who were knowers of righteous conduct (dharma), princes, glorious, brothers, endowed with melodious voices, and residing in the hermitage (āśrama).
स तु मेधाविनौ दृष्ट्वा वेदेषु परिनिष्ठितौ ।
वेदोपबृह्मणार्थाय तावग्राहयत प्रभुः ॥५॥
5. sa tu medhāvinau dṛṣṭvā vedeṣu pariniṣṭhitau ,
vedopabṛhmaṇārthāya tāvagrāhayata prabhuḥ.
5. saḥ tu medhāvinau dṛṣṭvā vedeṣu pariniṣṭhitau
vedopabṛhmaṇārthāya tau agrāhayata prabhuḥ
5. saḥ prabhuḥ tu vedeṣu pariniṣṭhitau medhāvinau
dṛṣṭvā vedopabṛhmaṇārthāya tau agrāhayata
5. That lord (prabhu), having seen the two intelligent boys (medhāvinau) who were proficient in the Vedas, caused them to learn (the epic) for the purpose of elaborating upon (and reinforcing the teachings of) the Vedas.
काव्यं रामायणं कृत्स्नं सीतायाश्चरितं महत् ।
पौलस्त्य वधमित्येव चकार चरितव्रतः ॥६॥
6. kāvyaṃ rāmāyaṇaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sītāyāścaritaṃ mahat ,
paulastya vadhamityeva cakāra caritavrataḥ.
6. kāvyaṃ rāmāyaṇaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sītāyāḥ caritaṃ mahat
paulastya vadham iti eva cakāra caritavrataḥ
6. caritavrataḥ (saḥ) eva paulastya vadham sītāyāḥ
mahat caritaṃ kṛtsnaṃ rāmāyaṇaṃ kāvyaṃ iti cakāra
6. The sage, who had fulfilled his vows (caritavrataḥ), composed this poem (kāvya), the entire Rāmāyaṇa, which is the great narrative of Sītā and the slaying of Paulastya (Rāvaṇa).
पाठ्ये गेये च मधुरं प्रमाणैस्त्रिभिरन्वितम् ।
जातिभिः सप्तभिर्बद्धं तन्त्रीलयसमन्वितम् ॥७॥
7. pāṭhye geye ca madhuraṃ pramāṇaistribhiranvitam ,
jātibhiḥ saptabhirbaddhaṃ tantrīlayasamanvitam.
7. pāṭhye geye ca madhuraṃ pramāṇaiḥ tribhiḥ anvitam
jātibhiḥ saptabhiḥ baddham tantrīlayasamanvitam
7. (kāvyaṃ) pāṭhye ca geye madhuraṃ tribhiḥ pramāṇaiḥ
anvitam saptabhiḥ jātibhiḥ baddham tantrīlayasamanvitam
7. (The epic is) sweet both in recitation and singing, structured with three types of metrical measures (pramāṇaiḥ), composed of seven musical modes (jātibhiḥ), and accompanied by string instruments and rhythm.
हास्यशृङ्गारकारुण्यरौद्रवीरभयानकैः ।
बीभत्सादिरसैर्युक्तं काव्यमेतदगायताम् ॥८॥
8. hāsyaśṛṅgārakāruṇyaraudravīrabhayānakaiḥ ,
bībhatsādirasairyuktaṃ kāvyametadagāyatām.
8. hāsya-śṛṅgāra-kāruṇya-raudra-vīra-bhayānakaiḥ
bībhatsa-ādi-rasaiḥ yuktam kāvyam etat agāyatām
8. etat kāvyam hāsyaśṛṅgārakāruṇyaraudravīrabhayānakaiḥ
bībhatsādirasaiḥ yuktam agāyatām
8. They sang this poem, which was endowed with the sentiments (rasa) of humor, erotic love, compassion, fury, heroism, terror, disgust, and others.
तौ तु गान्धर्वतत्त्वज्ञौ मूर्च्छनास्थानकोविदौ ।
भ्रातरौ स्वरसंपन्नौ गन्धर्वाविव रूपिणौ ॥९॥
9. tau tu gāndharvatattvajñau mūrcchanāsthānakovidau ,
bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau gandharvāviva rūpiṇau.
9. tau tu gāndharva-tattva-jñau mūrcchanā-sthānaka-kovidau
bhrātarau svara-sampannau gandharvau iva rūpiṇau
9. tau tu bhrātarau gāndharvatattvajñau mūrcchanāsthānakovidau
svarasampannau rūpiṇau gandharvau iva (āstām)
9. Indeed, those two brothers, knowledgeable in the essence of the musical art (gāndharva), skilled in melody (mūrcchanā) and pitch (sthāna), endowed with beautiful voices, were like two Gandharvas incarnate.
रूपलक्षणसंपन्नौ मधुरस्वरभाषिणौ ।
बिम्बादिवोद्धृतौ बिम्बौ रामदेहात्तथापरौ ॥१०॥
10. rūpalakṣaṇasaṃpannau madhurasvarabhāṣiṇau ,
bimbādivoddhṛtau bimbau rāmadehāttathāparau.
10. rūpa-lakṣaṇa-sampannau madhura-svara-bhāṣiṇau
bimbāt iva uddhṛtau bimbau rāma-dehāt tathā aparau
10. rūpalakṣaṇasampannau madhurasvarabhāṣiṇau (tau) bimbāt
uddhṛtau bimbau iva (āstām) tathā rāmadehāt aparau (iva)
10. Endowed with perfect form and auspicious characteristics, speaking with sweet voices, they were like two reflections drawn from a single image (bimba), or as if two distinct individuals (apara) from Rama's very body.
तौ राजपुत्रौ कार्त्स्न्येन धर्म्यमाख्यानमुत्तमम् ।
वाचो विधेयं तत् सर्वं कृत्वा काव्यमनिन्दितौ ॥११॥
11. tau rājaputrau kārtsnyena dharmyamākhyānamuttamam ,
vāco vidheyaṃ tat sarvaṃ kṛtvā kāvyamaninditau.
11. tau rāja-putrau kārtsnyena dharmyam ākhyānam uttamam
vācaḥ vidheyam tat sarvam kṛtvā kāvyam aninditau
11. aninditau tau rājaputrau kārtsnyena tat sarvam dharmyam
uttamam ākhyānam vācaḥ vidheyam kṛtvā kāvyam (agāyatām)
11. Those two princes, having made that entire excellent, righteous (dharmya) narrative (ākhyāna) subject to their recitation, recited the flawless poem.
ऋषीणां च द्विजातीनां साधूनां च समागमे ।
यथोपदेशं तत्त्वज्ञौ जगतुस्तौ समाहितौ ।
महात्मानौ महाभागौ सर्वलक्षणलक्षितौ ॥१२॥
12. ṛṣīṇāṃ ca dvijātīnāṃ sādhūnāṃ ca samāgame ,
yathopadeśaṃ tattvajñau jagatustau samāhitau ,
mahātmānau mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau.
12. ṛṣīṇām ca dvijātīnām ca sādhūnām
samāgame yathopadeśam tattvajñau
jagatuḥ tau samāhitau mahātmānau
mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau
12. tau tattvajñau samāhitau mahātmānau
mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau
ṛṣīṇām ca dvijātīnām ca sādhūnām
samāgame yathopadeśam jagatuḥ
12. In the assembly of sages, brahmins (dvijātin), and virtuous individuals, those two, knowledgeable of the essence, sang attentively according to the instructions. They were great-souled (mahātman), highly fortunate, and endowed with all auspicious marks.
तौ कदा चित् समेतानामृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् ।
आसीनानां समीपस्थाविदं काव्यमगायताम् ॥१३॥
13. tau kadā cit sametānāmṛṣīṇāṃ bhāvitātmanām ,
āsīnānāṃ samīpasthāvidaṃ kāvyamagāyatām.
13. tau kadā cit sametānām ṛṣīṇām bhāvitātmanām
āsīnānām samīpasthau idam kāvyam agāyatām
13. kadā cit tau samīpasthau sametānām ṛṣīṇām
bhāvitātmanām āsīnānām idam kāvyam agāyatām
13. One day, those two, standing near the assembled sages whose souls were purified (bhāvitātman) and who were seated, sang this epic (kāvya).
तच्छ्रुत्वा मुनयः सर्वे बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणाः ।
साधु साध्वित्य् ताव् ऊचतुः परं विस्मयमागताः ॥१४॥
14. tacchrutvā munayaḥ sarve bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ ,
sādhu sādhvity tāv ūcatuḥ paraṃ vismayamāgatāḥ.
14. tat śrutvā munayaḥ sarve bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ
sādhu sādhu iti tau ūcatuḥ param vismayam āgatāḥ
14. sarve munayaḥ bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ tat śrutvā
param vismayam āgatāḥ tau sādhu sādhu iti ūcatuḥ
14. Having heard that, all the sages, their eyes agitated with tears, exclaimed to those two, 'Excellent! Excellent!' and were filled with great astonishment.
ते प्रीतमनसः सर्वे मुनयो धर्मवत्सलाः ।
प्रशशंसुः प्रशस्तव्यौ गायमानौ कुशीलवौ ॥१५॥
15. te prītamanasaḥ sarve munayo dharmavatsalāḥ ,
praśaśaṃsuḥ praśastavyau gāyamānau kuśīlavau.
15. te prītamanasaḥ sarve munayaḥ dharmavatsalāḥ
praśaśaṃsuḥ praśastavyau gāyamānau kuśīlavau
15. te sarve munayaḥ prītamanasaḥ dharmavatsalāḥ
praśaśaṃsuḥ kuśīlavau gāyamānau praśastavyau
15. All those sages, with pleased minds and devoted to natural law (dharma), praised Kuśa and Lava, the two singers who were worthy of acclaim.
अहो गीतस्य माधुर्यं श्लोकानां च विशेषतः ।
चिरनिर्वृत्तमप्येतत् प्रत्यक्षमिव दर्शितम् ॥१६॥
16. aho gītasya mādhuryaṃ ślokānāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ ,
ciranirvṛttamapyetat pratyakṣamiva darśitam.
16. aho gītasya mādhuryaṃ ślokānām ca viśeṣataḥ |
ciranirvṛttam api etat pratyakṣam iva darśitam
16. aho gītasya ślokānām ca viśeṣataḥ mādhuryaṃ
ciranirvṛttam api etat pratyakṣam iva darśitam
16. Oh, the sweetness of the song, especially of its verses! Even though this event occurred long ago, it was presented as if seen directly.
प्रविश्य ताव् उभौ सुष्ठु तदा भावमगायताम् ।
सहितौ मधुरं रक्तं संपन्नं स्वरसंपदा ॥१७॥
17. praviśya tāv ubhau suṣṭhu tadā bhāvamagāyatām ,
sahitau madhuraṃ raktaṃ saṃpannaṃ svarasaṃpadā.
17. praviśya tau ubhau suṣṭhu tadā bhāvam agāyatām
| sahitau madhuram raktam sampannam svarasampadā
17. tau ubhau praviśya tadā suṣṭhu bhāvam agāyatām
sahitau madhuram raktam svarasampadā sampannam
17. Having entered, those two then sang very well and with great feeling. Together, they sang sweetly and charmingly, rich in melodic vocal quality.
एवं प्रशस्यमानौ तौ तपःश्लाघ्यैर्महर्षिभिः ।
संरक्ततरमत्यर्थं मधुरं तावगायताम् ॥१८॥
18. evaṃ praśasyamānau tau tapaḥślāghyairmaharṣibhiḥ ,
saṃraktataramatyarthaṃ madhuraṃ tāvagāyatām.
18. evam praśasyamānau tau tapaḥślāghyaiḥ maharṣibhiḥ
| saṃraktataram atyartham madhuram tau agāyatām
18. evam tapaḥślāghyaiḥ maharṣibhiḥ praśasyamānau
tau atyartham saṃraktataram madhuram agāyatām
18. Thus, being praised by the great sages who were esteemed for their asceticism (tapas), those two sang even more charmingly and exceedingly sweetly.
प्रीतः कश्चिन्मुनिस्ताभ्यां संस्थितः कलशं ददौ ।
प्रसन्नो वल्कलं कश्चिद्ददौ ताभ्यां महायशाः ॥१९॥
19. prītaḥ kaścinmunistābhyāṃ saṃsthitaḥ kalaśaṃ dadau ,
prasanno valkalaṃ kaściddadau tābhyāṃ mahāyaśāḥ.
19. prītaḥ kaścit muniḥ tābhyām saṃsthitaḥ kalaśam dadau
| prasannaḥ valkalam kaścit dadau tābhyām mahāyaśāḥ
19. kascit prītaḥ saṃsthitaḥ muniḥ tābhyām kalaśam dadau
kascit prasannaḥ mahāyaśāḥ tābhyām valkalam dadau
19. A certain pleased sage, who was standing there, gave a water pot to those two. Another renowned and gracious sage gave them a bark garment.
आश्चर्यमिदमाख्यानं मुनिना संप्रकीर्तितम् ।
परं कवीनामाधारं समाप्तं च यथाक्रमम् ॥२०॥
20. āścaryamidamākhyānaṃ muninā saṃprakīrtitam ,
paraṃ kavīnāmādhāraṃ samāptaṃ ca yathākramam.
20. āścaryam idam ākhyānam muninā samprakīrtitam
param kavīnām ādhāram samāptam ca yathākramam
20. muninā samprakīrtitam idam āścaryam ākhyānam
kavīnām param ādhāram ca yathākramam samāptam
20. This amazing narrative, proclaimed by the sage, is the supreme foundation for poets and has been concluded in due order.
प्रशस्यमानौ सर्वत्र कदा चित्तत्र गायकौ ।
रथ्यासु राजमार्गेषु ददर्श भरताग्रजः ॥२१॥
21. praśasyamānau sarvatra kadā cittatra gāyakau ,
rathyāsu rājamārgeṣu dadarśa bharatāgrajaḥ.
21. praśasyamānau sarvatra kadā cit tatra gāyakau
rathyāsu rājamārgeṣu dadarśa bharatāgrajaḥ
21. kadācit bharatāgrajaḥ sarvatra praśasyamānau
gāyakau tatra rathyāsu rājamārgeṣu dadarśa
21. Once, Bharata's elder brother (Rama) saw the two singers, who were being praised everywhere, in the streets and on the royal highways.
स्ववेश्म चानीय ततो भ्रातरौ सकुशीलवौ ।
पूजयामास पूजार्हौ रामः शत्रुनिबर्हणः ॥२२॥
22. svaveśma cānīya tato bhrātarau sakuśīlavau ,
pūjayāmāsa pūjārhau rāmaḥ śatrunibarhaṇaḥ.
22. svaveśma ca ānīya tataḥ bhrātarau sakuśīlavau
pūjayāmāsa pūjārhau rāmaḥ śatrunibarhaṇaḥ
22. tataḥ śatrunibarhaṇaḥ rāmaḥ pūjārhau sakuśīlavau
bhrātarau svaveśma ca ānīya pūjayāmāsa
22. And then, having brought those two brothers, Kuśa and Lava, who were deserving of honor, to his own home, Rama, the destroyer of enemies, worshipped them.
आसीनः काञ्चने दिव्ये स च सिंहासने प्रभुः ।
उपोपविष्टैः सचिवैर्भ्रातृभिश्च परंतपः ॥२३॥
23. āsīnaḥ kāñcane divye sa ca siṃhāsane prabhuḥ ,
upopaviṣṭaiḥ sacivairbhrātṛbhiśca paraṃtapaḥ.
23. āsīnaḥ kāñcane divye saḥ ca siṃhāsane prabhuḥ
upopaviṣṭaiḥ sacivaiḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ ca paraṃtapaḥ
23. saḥ ca prabhuḥ paraṃtapaḥ divye kāñcane siṃhāsane
āsīnaḥ upopaviṣṭaiḥ sacivaiḥ ca bhrātṛbhiḥ
23. And he, the lord, the scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa), was seated on a splendid golden throne, surrounded by ministers and brothers who sat near him.
दृष्ट्वा तु रूपसंपन्नौ ताव् उभौ वीणिनौ ततः ।
उवाच लक्ष्मणं रामः शत्रुघ्नं भरतं तथा ॥२४॥
24. dṛṣṭvā tu rūpasaṃpannau tāv ubhau vīṇinau tataḥ ,
uvāca lakṣmaṇaṃ rāmaḥ śatrughnaṃ bharataṃ tathā.
24. dṛṣṭvā tu rūpasaṃpannau tau ubhau vīṇinau tataḥ
uvāca lakṣmaṇam rāmaḥ śatrughnam bharatam tathā
24. tataḥ rāmaḥ rūpasaṃpannau tau ubhau vīṇinau dṛṣṭvā
tu lakṣmaṇam śatrughnam bharatam tathā uvāca
24. Then, having seen those two lute-players, who were endowed with beauty, Rama spoke to Lakshmana, Shatrughna, and Bharata.
श्रूयतामिदमाख्यानमनयोर्देववर्चसोः ।
विचित्रार्थपदं सम्यग्गायतोर्मधुरस्वरम् ॥२५॥
25. śrūyatāmidamākhyānamanayordevavarcasoḥ ,
vicitrārthapadaṃ samyaggāyatormadhurasvaram.
25. śrūyatām idam ākhyānam anayoḥ devavarcasoḥ
vicitrārthapadam samyak gāyatoḥ madhurasvaram
25. anayoḥ devavarcasoḥ gāyatoḥ madhurasvaram
vicitrārthapadam idam ākhyānam samyak śrūyatām
25. Let this narrative (ākhyāna) be heard, [the narrative] of these two, whose radiance is divine (devavarcas). It is composed of words of diverse meanings and sweet sounds, and they sing it perfectly.
इमौ मुनी पार्थिवलक्ष्मणान्वितौ कुशीलवौ चैव महातपस्विनौ ।
ममापि तद्भूतिकरं प्रचक्षते महानुभावं चरितं निबोधत ॥२६॥
26. imau munī pārthivalakṣmaṇānvitau kuśīlavau caiva mahātapasvinau ,
mamāpi tadbhūtikaraṃ pracakṣate mahānubhāvaṃ caritaṃ nibodhata.
26. imau munī pārthivalakṣmaṇānvitau
kuśīlavau ca eva mahātapasvinau
mama api tat bhūtikaram pracakṣate
mahānubhāvam caritam nibodhata
26. imau munī kuśīlavau ca eva
pārthivalakṣmaṇānvitau mahātapasvinau
mama api mahānubhāvam tat bhūtikaram
caritam pracakṣate nibodhata
26. These two sages, Kuśa and Lava, who are endowed with princely marks and are great ascetics (mahātapasvin), declare that this magnificent story (carita) of mine brings prosperity. Understand it!
ततस्तु तौ रामवचः प्रचोदितावगायतां मार्गविधानसंपदा ।
स चापि रामः परिषद्गतः शनैर्बुभूषयासक्तमना बभूव ह ॥२७॥
27. tatastu tau rāmavacaḥ pracoditāvagāyatāṃ mārgavidhānasaṃpadā ,
sa cāpi rāmaḥ pariṣadgataḥ śanairbubhūṣayāsaktamanā babhūva ha.
27. tataḥ tu tau rāmavacaḥ pracoditau
avagāyatām mārgavidhānasaṃpadā
saḥ ca api rāmaḥ pariṣadgataḥ śanaiḥ
bubhūṣayā āsaktamanāḥ babhūva ha
27. tataḥ tu rāmavacaḥ pracoditau tau
mārgavidhānasaṃpadā avagāyatām ca
api saḥ rāmaḥ pariṣadgataḥ śanaiḥ
bubhūṣayā āsaktamanāḥ babhūva ha
27. Then, those two, impelled by Rama's words, sang with the excellence of the traditional musical method. And Rama, having taken his place in the assembly, gradually became absorbed, his mind fixed by a deep desire to fully experience [the narrative].