मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-8, verse-85

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पक्षिण ऊचुः ।
तं तादृशमथालक्ष्य क्रूरदृष्टिं सुनिष्ठुरम् ।
वदन्तमतिदुः शीलं कस्त्वमित्याह पार्थिवः ॥८५॥

85. pakṣiṇa ūcuḥ .
taṃ tādṛśamathālakṣya krūradṛṣṭiṃ suniṣṭhuram .
vadantamatiduḥ śīlaṃ kastvamityāha pārthivaḥ.

85. pakṣiṇaḥ ūcuḥ tam tādṛśam atha ālakṣya krūradṛṣṭim
suniṣṭhuram vadantam atiduḥśīlam kaḥ tvam iti āha pārthivaḥ

85. Then, upon seeing him to be such a one — with cruel eyes, exceedingly harsh, and speaking with an extremely wicked nature — the king asked, 'Who are you?'

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - the birds (as narrators or observers) (birds)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said (they said, spoke)

तम् (tam) - him (the Caṇḍāla) (him, that (masculine))

तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a one (referring to the Caṇḍāla's appearance and nature) (such, of that kind, similar)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - upon perceiving, seeing (having perceived, having seen, noticing)

क्रूरदृष्टिम् (krūradṛṣṭim) - cruel-eyed (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (cruel-eyed, having a fierce gaze)

सुनिष्ठुरम् (suniṣṭhuram) - very harsh (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (very harsh, extremely cruel, rigid)

वदन्तम् (vadantam) - speaking (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (speaking, saying)

अतिदुःशीलम् (atiduḥśīlam) - of an extremely wicked nature (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (extremely ill-natured, very wicked, of bad character)

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the Caṇḍāla) (you)

इति (iti) - thus (introducing direct speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

आह (āha) - said (he said, spoke)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (Yudhishthira) (king, ruler of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - the birds (as narrators or observers) (birds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Root `pakṣ` (to fly) + `in`.

Root: pakṣ

Note: The birds are often philosophical observers in the Mahābhārata.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said (they said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form of `vac`. Third person plural.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (the Caṇḍāla) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `ālakṣya`.

तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a one (referring to the Caṇḍāla's appearance and nature) (such, of that kind, similar)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind, similar, like that

Derived from `tad` + `dṛś` + `a`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Caṇḍāla.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/adverb.

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - upon perceiving, seeing (having perceived, having seen, noticing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `lakṣ` (to observe, perceive) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of the king.

क्रूरदृष्टिम् (krūradṛṣṭim) - cruel-eyed (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (cruel-eyed, having a fierce gaze)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krūradṛṣṭi

krūradṛṣṭi - cruel-eyed, having a fierce gaze

Compound `krūra` (cruel) + `dṛṣṭi` (sight, eye).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+dṛṣṭi)

krūra – cruel, fierce, dreadful
adjective
Root: krū (class 1)
dṛṣṭi – sight, vision, eye, aspect
noun (feminine)
From root `dṛś` (to see).
Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Caṇḍāla.

सुनिष्ठुरम् (suniṣṭhuram) - very harsh (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (very harsh, extremely cruel, rigid)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suniṣṭhura

suniṣṭhura - very harsh, extremely cruel, rigid, severe

Compound `su` (very) + `niṣṭhura` (harsh).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+niṣṭhura)

su – good, well, excellent, very
indeclinable
prefix
niṣṭhura – harsh, cruel, severe, rough
adjective
From `niṣṭhā` (firmness) or `sthā` with `nis`.
Prefix: nis
Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Caṇḍāla.

वदन्तम् (vadantam) - speaking (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (speaking, saying)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying, talking

Present Active Participle

From root `vad` (to speak), Class 1.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Caṇḍāla.

अतिदुःशीलम् (atiduḥśīlam) - of an extremely wicked nature (referring to the Caṇḍāla) (extremely ill-natured, very wicked, of bad character)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atiduḥśīla

atiduḥśīla - extremely ill-natured, very wicked, of bad character, depraved

Compound `ati` (extremely) + `dus` (bad) + `śīla` (nature).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+dus+śīla)

ati – over, beyond, exceedingly, very
indeclinable
prefix
dus – bad, difficult, ill, hard
indeclinable
prefix
śīla – nature, character, habit, conduct
noun (neuter)
From root `śīl` (to practice).
Root: śīl (class 10)

Note: Refers to the Caṇḍāla.

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the Caṇḍāla) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Second person singular pronoun.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing direct speech) (thus, so, in this manner)