मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-178
अहो कष्टं नरेन्द्रस्य कस्याप्येष कुले शिशुः ।
जातो नीतः कृतान्तेन कामप्याशां दुरात्मना ॥१७८॥
जातो नीतः कृतान्तेन कामप्याशां दुरात्मना ॥१७८॥
178. aho kaṣṭaṃ narendrasya kasyāpyeṣa kule śiśuḥ .
jāto nītaḥ kṛtāntena kāmapyāśāṃ durātmanā.
jāto nītaḥ kṛtāntena kāmapyāśāṃ durātmanā.
178.
aho kaṣṭam narendrasya kasya api eṣaḥ kule śiśuḥ
| jātaḥ nītaḥ kṛtāntena kām api āśām durātmanā
| jātaḥ nītaḥ kṛtāntena kām api āśām durātmanā
178.
Oh, what sorrow for the king! This child, born into some family, has been taken away by cruel destiny (kṛtānta), along with whatever hope existed.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहो (aho) - O!, ah!, alas! (exclamation of wonder or sorrow)
- कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - great sorrow (sorrow, distress, misery, difficulty)
- नरेन्द्रस्य (narendrasya) - of King Harischandra (of the king, of the lord of men)
- कस्य (kasya) - of some (unknown) one (whose, of which, of whom)
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- एषः (eṣaḥ) - this child (this, this one (masculine singular nominative))
- कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage
- शिशुः (śiśuḥ) - child, infant, young one
- जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become
- नीतः (nītaḥ) - (the child) was taken away (by fate) (led, taken, carried away)
- कृतान्तेन (kṛtāntena) - by the cruel destiny (kṛtānta) (by destiny, by fate, by death)
- काम् (kām) - some (referring to hope) (which, what (feminine singular accusative))
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- आशाम् (āśām) - (some) hope (for the child's future) (hope, expectation, direction)
- दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the cruel (destiny) (by the wicked one, by the evil-minded)
Words meanings and morphology
अहो (aho) - O!, ah!, alas! (exclamation of wonder or sorrow)
(indeclinable)
कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - great sorrow (sorrow, distress, misery, difficulty)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa
kaṣṭa - distress, pain, difficulty, sorrow, trouble
Note: Also used as an adjective 'difficult, painful'. Here used as a noun, 'what a sorrow'.
नरेन्द्रस्य (narendrasya) - of King Harischandra (of the king, of the lord of men)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of narendra
narendra - king, lord of men
Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)
- nara – man, human being
noun (masculine) - indra – chief, lord, Indra (name of a deity)
noun (masculine)
कस्य (kasya) - of some (unknown) one (whose, of which, of whom)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Here used to denote indefiniteness in conjunction with 'api'.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
एषः (eṣaḥ) - this child (this, this one (masculine singular nominative))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of etad
etad - this, this one
कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of kula
kula - family, lineage, clan, race
शिशुः (śiśuḥ) - child, infant, young one
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śiśu
śiśu - child, infant, young animal
जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta
jāta - born, produced, occurred, become
Past Passive Participle
From root jan (4th class, 'to be born') with kta suffix.
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Functions here as a predicate or part of a relative clause.
नीतः (nītaḥ) - (the child) was taken away (by fate) (led, taken, carried away)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nīta
nīta - led, carried, taken, guided
Past Passive Participle
From root nī (1st class, 'to lead') with kta suffix.
Root: nī (class 1)
कृतान्तेन (kṛtāntena) - by the cruel destiny (kṛtānta) (by destiny, by fate, by death)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛtānta
kṛtānta - end of action, destiny, fate, death
Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+anta)
- kṛta – done, made, performed
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (8th class, 'to do, make') with kta suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8) - anta – end, boundary, death
noun (masculine)
Note: Contextual word `kṛtānta` (destiny).
काम् (kām) - some (referring to hope) (which, what (feminine singular accusative))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Used to denote indefiniteness in conjunction with 'api'.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
आशाम् (āśām) - (some) hope (for the child's future) (hope, expectation, direction)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā
āśā - hope, expectation, desire, direction
From root aś (to pervade, obtain) with prefix ā and suffix a.
Prefix: ā
Root: aś (class 5)
दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the cruel (destiny) (by the wicked one, by the evil-minded)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of durātman
durātman - wicked, evil-minded, malevolent, an evil person
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+ātman)
- dur – bad, evil, difficult
indeclinable
Prefix indicating badness or difficulty. - ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
noun (masculine)
Note: Adjective modifying `kṛtāntena`.