मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-163
पतितो यमलोकाच्च विबुद्धो भयसम्भ्रमात् ।
अहो कष्टमिति ध्यात्वा क्षते क्षारावसेवनम् ॥१६३॥
अहो कष्टमिति ध्यात्वा क्षते क्षारावसेवनम् ॥१६३॥
163. patito yamalokācca vibuddho bhayasambhramāt .
aho kaṣṭamiti dhyātvā kṣate kṣārāvasevanam.
aho kaṣṭamiti dhyātvā kṣate kṣārāvasevanam.
163.
patitaḥ yamalokāt ca vibuddhaḥ bhayasambhramāt
aho kaṣṭam iti dhyātvā kṣate kṣārāvasevanam
aho kaṣṭam iti dhyātvā kṣate kṣārāvasevanam
163.
He awoke from fear and confusion, having fallen from Yamaloka (the realm of Yama). Thinking, "Oh, what misery!", it was like applying caustic alkali to a wound.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, descended
- यमलोकात् (yamalokāt) - from the realm of Yama
- च (ca) - and
- विबुद्धः (vibuddhaḥ) - awoke, awakened, enlightened
- भयसम्भ्रमात् (bhayasambhramāt) - from fear and confusion, due to fright and agitation
- अहो (aho) - Oh!, Alas!
- कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, suffering, trouble
- इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks speech/thought)
- ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having thought, having meditated, having pondered
- क्षते (kṣate) - on a wound, in an injury
- क्षारावसेवनम् (kṣārāvasevanam) - the application of caustic alkali
Words meanings and morphology
पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, descended
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of patita
patita - fallen, descended, alighted, gone down
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √pat with suffix -ta.
Root: pat (class 1)
यमलोकात् (yamalokāt) - from the realm of Yama
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of yamaloka
yamaloka - the realm of Yama, the abode of the god of death
Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+loka)
- yama – Yama (the god of death and justice), restraint, control
proper noun (masculine) - loka – world, realm, abode, people
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
विबुद्धः (vibuddhaḥ) - awoke, awakened, enlightened
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vibuddha
vibuddha - awakened, awake, conscious, enlightened, expanded
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √budh (to awaken, know) with upasarga vi-.
Prefix: vi
Root: budh (class 1)
भयसम्भ्रमात् (bhayasambhramāt) - from fear and confusion, due to fright and agitation
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of bhayasambhrama
bhayasambhrama - fear and confusion, agitated fear, bewilderment from fear
Compound type : dvandva (bhaya+sambhrama)
- bhaya – fear, dread, danger
noun (neuter) - sambhrama – agitation, confusion, bewilderment, haste
noun (masculine)
From root √bhram (to wander, be confused) with upasarga sam-.
Prefix: sam
Root: bhram (class 1)
Note: Indicates the cause or source of awakening.
अहो (aho) - Oh!, Alas!
(indeclinable)
कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, suffering, trouble
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa
kaṣṭa - misery, suffering, difficulty; painful, bad, evil
Past Passive Participle
Commonly used as a noun. Possibly from root √kaṣ (to scratch, rub).
Root: kaṣ (class 1)
Note: Functions as the object of the implied exclamation.
इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks speech/thought)
(indeclinable)
ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having thought, having meditated, having pondered
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root √dhyai (to think, meditate) with suffix -tvā.
Root: dhyai (class 1)
क्षते (kṣate) - on a wound, in an injury
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of kṣata
kṣata - wound, injury; wounded, injured, destroyed
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √kṣaṇ (to injure) with suffix -ta. Often used as a noun.
Root: kṣaṇ (class 8)
क्षारावसेवनम् (kṣārāvasevanam) - the application of caustic alkali
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣārāvasevana
kṣārāvasevana - applying caustic substances, application of an alkali
Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣāra+avasevana)
- kṣāra – caustic alkali, saline substance, salty
noun (masculine) - avasevana – application, serving, attendance
noun (neuter)
From root √sev (to serve, attend) with upasarga ava-.
Prefix: ava
Root: sev (class 1)
Note: The phrase implies adding more pain or difficulty to an existing problem.