मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-8, verse-49

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यदि मे शक्यते वाणी वक्तुमीदृक् सुदुर्वचः ।
एवमुक्त्वा ततो भार्यां गत्वा नागरमातुरः ।
बाष्पापिहितकण्ठाक्षस्ततो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥४९॥

49. yadi me śakyate vāṇī vaktumīdṛk sudurvacaḥ .
evamuktvā tato bhāryāṃ gatvā nāgaramāturaḥ .
bāṣpāpihitakaṇṭhākṣastato vacanamabravīt.

49. yadi me śakyate vāṇī vaktum īdṛk
sudurvacaḥ evam uktvā tataḥ bhāryām
gatvā nāgaram āturaḥ
bāṣpāpihitakaṇṭhākṣaḥ tataḥ vacanam abravīt

49. If such extremely harsh words can indeed be uttered by me! Having spoken thus to his wife, the distressed king then went to the citizens, and with his throat and eyes choked by tears, he spoke these words:

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

यदि (yadi) - if

मे (me) - by me (agent with passive verb) (by me, to me, for me, my)

शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible, can be done

वाणी (vāṇī) - speech, voice, words

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

ईदृक् (īdṛk) - such (a terrible thing) (such, of this kind)

सुदुर्वचः (sudurvacaḥ) - very difficult to speak/say

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

नागरम् (nāgaram) - to the citizens (as a collective body) (to the city, to the citizens)

आतुरः (āturaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, sick

बाष्पापिहितकण्ठाक्षः (bāṣpāpihitakaṇṭhākṣaḥ) - having his throat and eyes choked/covered by tears

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

वचनम् (vacanam) - these words (referring to what he is about to say) (word, speech, saying)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

मे (me) - by me (agent with passive verb) (by me, to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of 'asmad'. In passive constructions, it often functions as the agent (equivalent to instrumental).

Note: Agent for 'śakyate'.

शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible, can be done

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Tense

3rd person, singular, present passive indicative. Root 'śak', class 5.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Governs the infinitive 'vaktum'.

वाणी (vāṇī) - speech, voice, words

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāṇī

vāṇī - speech, voice, sound, words

Note: Subject of 'śakyate'.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'vac', class 2.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Complements 'śakyate'.

ईदृक् (īdṛk) - such (a terrible thing) (such, of this kind)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable form of the adjective 'īdṛś'.

Note: Qualifies 'vāṇī' and 'sudurvacaḥ'.

सुदुर्वचः (sudurvacaḥ) - very difficult to speak/say

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sudurvaca

sudurvaca - very difficult to speak, hard to say, ineffable

Compound 'su-' (very) + 'dur-' (difficult) + 'vac' (to speak). Masculine/feminine/neuter, nominative, singular (agrees with vāṇī in essence).

Compound type : praadi tatpurusha (su+dus+vaca)

su – good, well, very
indeclinable
dur – bad, ill, difficult
indeclinable
vaca – speaking, word, speech
noun (neuter)
From root 'vac' (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Can also be considered `sudurvacas` (neuter nominative). Given the context, it's an adjective qualifying the `vāṇī`.

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding speech.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'vac', class 2.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'abravīt'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife (one who is to be supported/nourished)

Feminine, accusative, singular form. Derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with '-ya' suffix and feminine ending.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'uktvā'.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'gam', class 1.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'abravīt'.

नागरम् (nāgaram) - to the citizens (as a collective body) (to the city, to the citizens)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāgara

nāgara - citizen, urban, city dweller

Masculine, accusative, singular form. Refers to the citizens collectively or the city itself as the destination.

Note: Object of motion for 'gatvā'.

आतुरः (āturaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, sick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - distressed, afflicted, suffering, sick

Masculine, nominative, singular form.

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the king).

बाष्पापिहितकण्ठाक्षः (bāṣpāpihitakaṇṭhākṣaḥ) - having his throat and eyes choked/covered by tears

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṣpāpihitakaṇṭhākṣa

bāṣpāpihitakaṇṭhākṣa - having one's throat and eyes choked/covered by tears

Bahuvrihi compound: bāṣpa (tears) + apihita (covered/choked) + kaṇṭha (throat) + akṣa (eyes). Masculine, nominative, singular.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bāṣpa+apihita+kaṇṭha+akṣa)

bāṣpa – tear, vapor, steam
noun (masculine)
apihita – covered, concealed, shut, choked
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From 'api-' + root 'dhā' (to place) with modification for P.P.P. (api-dha to close, cover).
Prefix: api
Root: dhā (class 3)
kaṇṭha – throat, neck
noun (masculine)
akṣa – eye
noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the king).

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

वचनम् (vacanam) - these words (referring to what he is about to say) (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, sentence

Neuter, accusative, singular form. From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said