मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-46
कान्दिग्भूतोऽधमो निः स्वो नृशंसधनिनार्दितः ।
भार्यास्य भूयः प्राहेदं क्रियतां वचनं मम ॥४६॥
भार्यास्य भूयः प्राहेदं क्रियतां वचनं मम ॥४६॥
46. kāndigbhūto'dhamo niḥ svo nṛśaṃsadhaninārditaḥ .
bhāryāsya bhūyaḥ prāhedaṃ kriyatāṃ vacanaṃ mama.
bhāryāsya bhūyaḥ prāhedaṃ kriyatāṃ vacanaṃ mama.
46.
kāndigbhūtaḥ adhamaḥ niḥsvaḥ nṛśaṃsadhaninārditaḥ
bhāryā asya bhūyaḥ prāha idam kriyatām vacanam mama
bhāryā asya bhūyaḥ prāha idam kriyatām vacanam mama
46.
Bewildered, disgraced, and poor, he was tormented as if by a cruel rich man. His wife again said to him, 'Let my advice be heeded!'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कान्दिग्भूतः (kāndigbhūtaḥ) - bewildered (the king) (bewildered, confused, lost direction)
- अधमः (adhamaḥ) - disgraced (lowest, vilest, despicable, disgraced)
- निःस्वः (niḥsvaḥ) - poor (poor, destitute, without wealth)
- नृशंसधनिनार्दितः (nṛśaṁsadhaninārditaḥ) - tormented as if by a cruel rich man (referring to the Brahmin's actions) (tormented by a cruel wealthy person)
- भार्या (bhāryā) - (his) wife (wife)
- अस्य (asya) - his (the king's) (his, of this)
- भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)
- प्राह (prāha) - said (said, spoke)
- इदम् (idam) - this (statement, advice) (this)
- क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be heeded (my advice) (let it be done, let it be made)
- वचनम् (vacanam) - advice (word, speech, statement, advice)
- मम (mama) - my (my, of me)
Words meanings and morphology
कान्दिग्भूतः (kāndigbhūtaḥ) - bewildered (the king) (bewildered, confused, lost direction)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāndigbhūta
kāndigbhūta - bewildered, confused, having lost one's way/direction
Compound of kāṃ (where?) + diś (direction) + bhūta (become). Often interpreted as 'kāṃ disam iti (who has become bewildered regarding which direction?)'.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kām+diś+bhūta)
- kām – which, where
pronoun (feminine) - diś – direction, quarter
noun (feminine) - bhūta – become, happened, past
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root bhū (to be, to become).
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Agrees with rājā (king).
अधमः (adhamaḥ) - disgraced (lowest, vilest, despicable, disgraced)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adhama
adhama - lowest, inferior, despicable, vile
Note: Agrees with rājā.
निःस्वः (niḥsvaḥ) - poor (poor, destitute, without wealth)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥsva
niḥsva - poor, destitute, without wealth
Compound of niḥ (without) and sva (wealth).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+sva)
- nis – out, without, free from, complete
indeclinable
A prefix or indeclinable particle, often appearing as niḥ. - sva – one's own, self, wealth, property
noun (neuter)
Note: Agrees with rājā.
नृशंसधनिनार्दितः (nṛśaṁsadhaninārditaḥ) - tormented as if by a cruel rich man (referring to the Brahmin's actions) (tormented by a cruel wealthy person)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsadhaninārdita
nṛśaṁsadhaninārdita - tormented by a cruel wealthy person
Compound: nṛśaṃsadhanin (cruel wealthy person) + ardita (tormented). The instrumental ending -inā is implicitly part of the compound's structure, indicating the agent of torment. The full compound implies 'tormented by a cruel wealthy person'.
Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (nṛśaṃsadhanin+ardita)
- nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked, inhuman
adjective (masculine) - dhanin – wealthy, rich man
noun (masculine) - ardita – tormented, distressed, afflicted
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root ard (to pain, to torment).
Root: ard (class 10)
Note: Agrees with rājā.
भार्या (bhāryā) - (his) wife (wife)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife, woman to be supported
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (feminine)
Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya (or -ā).
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Subject of prāha.
अस्य (asya) - his (the king's) (his, of this)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
Note: Possessive, refers to the king.
भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Comparative form of multi- or bahu-.
Note: Adverb modifying prāha.
प्राह (prāha) - said (said, spoke)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-ah
Root ah (to say) with upasarga pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: ah (class 2)
Note: Its subject is bhāryā.
इदम् (idam) - this (statement, advice) (this)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
Note: Object of prāha.
क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be heeded (my advice) (let it be done, let it be made)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The implied subject is vacanam mama.
वचनम् (vacanam) - advice (word, speech, statement, advice)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana
vacana - word, speech, statement, advice, saying
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Subject of kriyatām.
मम (mama) - my (my, of me)
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of aham
aham - I
Note: Possessive, refers to the wife.