मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-38
ऋणं धारयतो दुः खमहन्यहनि वर्धन्ते ।
आप्याय्यमानः स तदा हिमशीतेन वारिणा ॥३८॥
आप्याय्यमानः स तदा हिमशीतेन वारिणा ॥३८॥
38. ṛṇaṃ dhārayato duḥ khamahanyahani vardhante .
āpyāyyamānaḥ sa tadā himaśītena vāriṇā.
āpyāyyamānaḥ sa tadā himaśītena vāriṇā.
38.
ṛṇam dhārayataḥ duḥkham ahanyahani vardhante
āpyāyyamānaḥ saḥ tadā himaśītena vāriṇā
āpyāyyamānaḥ saḥ tadā himaśītena vāriṇā
38.
The suffering of one who carries debt (ṛṇa) increases day by day. At that time, he was being refreshed by the ice-cold water...
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऋणम् (ṛṇam) - debt (ṛṇa) (debt, obligation, duty)
- धारयतः (dhārayataḥ) - of one who carries/owes (of one who holds, bears, carries, owes)
- दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, sorrow, pain)
- अहन्यहनि (ahanyahani) - day by day (day by day, daily)
- वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - increases (they increase, grow)
- आप्याय्यमानः (āpyāyyamānaḥ) - being refreshed (being refreshed, being invigorated, being fattened)
- सः (saḥ) - he (Hariścandra, implicitly) (he, that (masc.))
- तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)
- हिमशीतेन (himaśītena) - by the ice-cold (by/with ice-cold, snow-cold)
- वारिणा (vāriṇā) - with water (by/with water)
Words meanings and morphology
ऋणम् (ṛṇam) - debt (ṛṇa) (debt, obligation, duty)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛṇa
ṛṇa - debt, obligation, duty, fault
Past Passive Participle
From root ṛ (to go, move) + na suffix; 'that which is due'.
Root: ṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of the participle 'dhārayataḥ'.
धारयतः (dhārayataḥ) - of one who carries/owes (of one who holds, bears, carries, owes)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of dhārayat
dhārayat - holding, bearing, carrying, maintaining, owing
Present Active Participle
From causative of root dhṛ (to hold, support) + śatṛ suffix.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies an implied person, whose suffering is discussed.
दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, sorrow, pain)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha
duḥkha - suffering, misery, sorrow, pain, difficulty
Note: Subject of 'vardhante'.
अहन्यहनि (ahanyahani) - day by day (day by day, daily)
(indeclinable)
Reduplicative adverbial compound of ahan (day).
Compound type : adverbial reduplication (ahan+ahan)
- ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Modifies 'vardhante'.
वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - increases (they increase, grow)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh
Present Tense, Middle Voice
Root vṛdh (1st class, bhvādi), atmanepada form.
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
Note: Grammatically, a singular subject 'duḥkham' would typically take a singular verb 'vardhate'. The plural form 'vardhante' might indicate an implied plural subject or a poetic license treating 'suffering' as a collective or encompassing many woes.
आप्याय्यमानः (āpyāyyamānaḥ) - being refreshed (being refreshed, being invigorated, being fattened)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āpyāyyamāna
āpyāyyamāna - being refreshed, being invigorated, being swollen/fattened
Present Passive Participle
From prefix ā + root pyāy (to swell, be refreshed) + śānac suffix, passive form.
Prefix: ā
Root: pyāy (class 1)
Note: Predicative use, describing the state of 'saḥ'.
सः (saḥ) - he (Hariścandra, implicitly) (he, that (masc.))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Subject of the implied sentence or clause.
तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)
(indeclinable)
From pronominal root tad + dā suffix.
Note: Adverb of time.
हिमशीतेन (himaśītena) - by the ice-cold (by/with ice-cold, snow-cold)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of himaśīta
himaśīta - ice-cold, snow-cold
Compound type : karmadhāraya (hima+śīta)
- hima – ice, snow, frost
noun (masculine) - śīta – cold, cool
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root śyai (to be cold).
Root: śyai (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'vāriṇā'.
वारिणा (vāriṇā) - with water (by/with water)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of vāri
vāri - water
Note: Instrument of refreshment.