मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-50
राजोवाच ।
भो भो नागरिकाः सर्वे शृणुध्वं वचनं मम ।
किं मां पृच्छथ कस्त्वं भो नृशंसोऽहममानुषः ॥५०॥
भो भो नागरिकाः सर्वे शृणुध्वं वचनं मम ।
किं मां पृच्छथ कस्त्वं भो नृशंसोऽहममानुषः ॥५०॥
50. rājovāca .
bho bho nāgarikāḥ sarve śṛṇudhvaṃ vacanaṃ mama .
kiṃ māṃ pṛcchatha kastvaṃ bho nṛśaṃso'hamamānuṣaḥ.
bho bho nāgarikāḥ sarve śṛṇudhvaṃ vacanaṃ mama .
kiṃ māṃ pṛcchatha kastvaṃ bho nṛśaṃso'hamamānuṣaḥ.
50.
rājā uvāca bho bho nāgarikāḥ sarve śṛṇudhvam vacanam mama
kim mām pṛcchatha kaḥ tvam bho nṛśaṃsaḥ aham amānuṣaḥ
kim mām pṛcchatha kaḥ tvam bho nṛśaṃsaḥ aham amānuṣaḥ
50.
The king said: 'Oh, all you citizens, listen to my words! Why do you ask me, "Who are you?" Oh, I am a cruel and inhuman person!'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राजा (rājā) - king
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
- भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
- भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
- नागरिकाः (nāgarikāḥ) - O citizens, O townsmen
- सर्वे (sarve) - all of you (citizens) (all, everyone)
- शृणुध्वम् (śṛṇudhvam) - listen, hear
- वचनम् (vacanam) - my words (word, speech, saying)
- मम (mama) - my, of me
- किम् (kim) - Why (do you ask)? (why, what, whether)
- माम् (mām) - me
- पृच्छथ (pṛcchatha) - you ask
- कः (kaḥ) - who, what
- त्वम् (tvam) - you
- भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
- नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - a cruel person
- अहम् (aham) - I
- अमानुषः (amānuṣaḥ) - inhuman, not a human, monster
Words meanings and morphology
राजा (rājā) - king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, sovereign
Masculine, nominative, singular form.
Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect Tense
3rd person, singular, perfect active indicative. Root 'vac', class 2.
Root: vac (class 2)
भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
(indeclinable)
Note: Repeated for emphasis.
भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
(indeclinable)
Note: Repeated for emphasis.
नागरिकाः (nāgarikāḥ) - O citizens, O townsmen
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, plural of nāgarika
nāgarika - citizen, townsman, urbane
Masculine, vocative, plural form.
सर्वे (sarve) - all of you (citizens) (all, everyone)
(pronoun)
Vocative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Masculine, vocative, plural form. Agrees with 'nāgarikāḥ'.
Note: Qualifies 'nāgarikāḥ'.
शृणुध्वम् (śṛṇudhvam) - listen, hear
(verb)
2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru
Imperative Tense
2nd person, plural, imperative active form. Root 'śru', class 5.
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Command to the citizens.
वचनम् (vacanam) - my words (word, speech, saying)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana
vacana - speech, word, saying, sentence
Neuter, accusative, singular form. From root 'vac' (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Object of 'śṛṇudhvam'.
मम (mama) - my, of me
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of asmad
asmad - I, me (pronoun)
Genitive, singular form of the 1st person pronoun 'asmad'.
Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.
किम् (kim) - Why (do you ask)? (why, what, whether)
(indeclinable)
Interrogative particle/adverb, here meaning 'why'.
Note: Introduces a rhetorical question.
माम् (mām) - me
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, me (pronoun)
Accusative, singular form of the 1st person pronoun 'asmad'.
Note: Object of 'pṛcchatha'.
पृच्छथ (pṛcchatha) - you ask
(verb)
2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pracch
Present Tense
2nd person, plural, present active indicative. Root 'pracch', class 6.
Root: pracch (class 6)
Note: Subject is 'nāgarikāḥ' (implied by ending).
कः (kaḥ) - who, what
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)
Masculine, nominative, singular form of the interrogative pronoun 'kim'.
Note: Subject of an implied verb "asi" (you are).
त्वम् (tvam) - you
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
2nd person, nominative, singular form of the pronoun 'yuṣmad'.
Note: Refers to the speaker (the king) within the quoted question.
भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
(indeclinable)
Note: A vocative particle.
नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - a cruel person
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa
nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, atrocious, inhumane (person)
Masculine, nominative, singular form. Noun formed from 'nṛ' (man) and 'śaṃsa' (praise), but usually interpreted as 'injurious to men'.
Note: Predicative noun for 'aham'.
अहम् (aham) - I
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, me (pronoun)
1st person, nominative, singular form of the pronoun 'asmad'.
Note: Subject of an implied verb "asmi" (I am).
अमानुषः (amānuṣaḥ) - inhuman, not a human, monster
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of amānuṣa
amānuṣa - inhuman, not human, supernatural, monstrous
Compound 'a-' (not) + 'mānuṣa' (human). Masculine, nominative, singular.
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+mānuṣa)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable - mānuṣa – human, man, person
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicative adjective for 'aham'.