मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-8, verse-188
राजोवाच ।
हा वत्स सुकुमारं ते स्वक्षिभ्रूनासिकालकम् ।
पश्यतो मे मुखं दीनं हृदयं किं न दीर्यते ॥१८८॥
हा वत्स सुकुमारं ते स्वक्षिभ्रूनासिकालकम् ।
पश्यतो मे मुखं दीनं हृदयं किं न दीर्यते ॥१८८॥
188. rājovāca .
hā vatsa sukumāraṃ te svakṣibhrūnāsikālakam .
paśyato me mukhaṃ dīnaṃ hṛdayaṃ kiṃ na dīryate.
hā vatsa sukumāraṃ te svakṣibhrūnāsikālakam .
paśyato me mukhaṃ dīnaṃ hṛdayaṃ kiṃ na dīryate.
188.
rāja uvāca ha vatsa sukumāram te svakṣibhrūnāsikālakam
paśyataḥ me mukham dīnam hṛdayam kim na dīryate
paśyataḥ me mukham dīnam hṛdayam kim na dīryate
188.
The king said: "Alas, my son! As I behold your tender (face with its) beautiful eyes, eyebrows, nose, and hair, my face becomes sorrowful. Why does my heart not break?"
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राज (rāja) - king, ruler
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- ह (ha) - alas!, oh!, indeed
- वत्स (vatsa) - son, child, dear one
- सुकुमारम् (sukumāram) - describing the son's features, like his face (very tender, delicate, soft)
- ते (te) - your
- स्वक्षिभ्रूनासिकालकम् (svakṣibhrūnāsikālakam) - describing the delicate features of the son's face ((having) beautiful eyes, eyebrows, nose, and hair (forelock))
- पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while seeing, beholding
- मे (me) - my, of me
- मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth
- दीनम् (dīnam) - sorrowful, wretched, miserable, dejected
- हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind
- किम् (kim) - why, what, whether
- न (na) - not, no
- दीर्यते (dīryate) - breaks, splits, bursts
Words meanings and morphology
राज (rāja) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Sandhi for rājā before uvāca creates rājovāca.
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
Irregular perfect stem of vac (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
ह (ha) - alas!, oh!, indeed
(indeclinable)
वत्स (vatsa) - son, child, dear one
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa
vatsa - calf, child, son, dear one
Root: vad
सुकुमारम् (sukumāram) - describing the son's features, like his face (very tender, delicate, soft)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sukumāra
sukumāra - very tender, delicate, soft, gentle
Compound 'su' (good, very) + 'kumāra' (young, tender).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kumāra)
- su – good, excellent, well, very
indeclinable - kumāra – youth, young boy, son, prince, delicate
noun (masculine)
Note: Accusative, modifying an implied 'mukham' (face).
ते (te) - your
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
Enclitic genitive/dative form.
स्वक्षिभ्रूनासिकालकम् (svakṣibhrūnāsikālakam) - describing the delicate features of the son's face ((having) beautiful eyes, eyebrows, nose, and hair (forelock))
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of svakṣibhrūnāsikālaka
svakṣibhrūnāsikālaka - having beautiful eyes, eyebrows, nose, and forelock
Bahuvrīhi compound, 'su' (beautiful) + 'akṣi' (eye) + 'bhrū' (eyebrow) + 'nāsikā' (nose) + 'alaka' (forelock). The 'su' becomes 'sva' before 'akṣi' due to sandhi rules within the compound.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+akṣi+bhrū+nāsikā+alaka)
- su – good, excellent, beautiful, well
indeclinable - akṣi – eye
noun (neuter) - bhrū – eyebrow
noun (feminine) - nāsikā – nose
noun (feminine) - alaka – forelock, curl of hair
noun (masculine)
Note: Object of the participle 'paśyataḥ'.
पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while seeing, beholding
(participle)
Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat
dṛś - to see, behold, observe
Present Active Participle
From root dṛś (to see), using the paśya stem for the present tense.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Agrees in case with 'me'.
मे (me) - my, of me
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of asmad
asmad - I, me (pronoun)
Enclitic genitive/dative form.
मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of mukha
mukha - mouth, face, front, principal part
Note: Subject of an implied verb 'is'.
दीनम् (dīnam) - sorrowful, wretched, miserable, dejected
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dīna
dīna - wretched, miserable, sorrowful, dejected, poor, distressed
Past Passive Participle
From root dī (to perish, decay, be exhausted), used adjectivally.
Root: dī (class 4)
हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya
hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul, essence, core
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'dīryate'.
किम् (kim) - why, what, whether
(indeclinable)
Interrogative particle/pronoun.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
दीर्यते (dīryate) - breaks, splits, bursts
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dṛ
Present passive voice formation.
Root: dṛ (class 1)